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79-462: She commissioned the house to be designed preferably without walls. Both Rietveld and Schröder espoused progressive ideals that included "a fierce commitment to a new openness about relationships within their own families and to truth in their emotional lives. Bourgeois notions of respectability and propriety, with their emphasis on discipline, hierarchy, and containment would be eliminated through architectural design that countered each of these aspects in

158-412: A terrace , but it makes no attempt to relate to its neighbouring buildings (although it shares an exterior wall with the last house in the terrace). It faces a motorway built in the 1960s. Inside there is no static accumulation of rooms, but a dynamic, changeable open zone. The ground floor can still be termed traditional; ranged around a central staircase are kitchen and three sit/bedrooms. Additionally,

237-493: A tropical monsoon climate ( Am ) under the Köppen climate classification . A wet season with heavy monsoonal downpours runs from November to May, with a relatively dry season from June to October, though light showers occur during this period. Cairns's mean annual rainfall is just under 2,000 millimetres (79 in), although monthly totals in the wet season from December to April can exceed 1,000 mm (39 in), with

316-591: A body of work from 1917 to 1931 created in the Netherlands . Proponents of De Stijl advocated pure abstraction and universality by a reduction to the essentials of form and colour . They simplified visual compositions to vertical and horizontal, using only black , white and primary colors . De Stijl is also the name of a journal – published by the Dutch painter, designer, writer, and critic Theo van Doesburg  – that propagated

395-406: A book titled Le Néo-Plasticisme . Around 1921, the group's character started to change. From the time of van Doesburg's association with Bauhaus , other influences started playing a role. These influences were mainly Malevich and Russian Constructivism , to which not all members agreed. In 1924 Mondrian broke with the group after van Doesburg proposed the theory of elementarism, suggesting that

474-456: A conscious and systematic way." Rietveld worked side by side with Schröder-Schräder to create the house. He sketched the first possible design for the building; Schröder-Schrader was not pleased. She envisioned a house that was free from association and could create a connection between the inside and outside. The house is one of the best known examples of De Stijl -architecture and arguably the only true De Stijl building. Mrs. Schröder lived in

553-615: A diagonal line is more vital than horizontal and vertical ones. In addition, the De Stijl group acquired many new "members". Dadaist influences, such as I. K. Bonset 's poetry and Aldo Camini 's "antiphilosophy" generated controversy as well. Only after Van Doesburg's death was it revealed that Bonset and Camini were two of his pseudonyms. Theo van Doesburg died in Davos , Switzerland, in 1931. His wife, Nelly, administered his estate. Because of van Doesburg's pivotal role within De Stijl,

632-586: A large Papua New Guineans community. Approximately 10,000 Papua New Guineans live in Cairns, more than anywhere outside of Papua New Guinea itself. Cairns is located on the east coast of Cape York Peninsula on a coastal strip between the Coral Sea and the Great Dividing Range . The northern part of the city is located on Trinity Bay and the city centre is located on Trinity Inlet . To

711-466: A major part in the Cairns economy . According to Tourism Australia , the Cairns region is the fourth-most-popular destination for international tourists in Australia after Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane. While the city does not rank amongst Australia's top 10 destinations for domestic tourism, it attracts a significant number of Australian holiday makers despite its distance from major capitals. There

790-424: A new track from the goldfields to Battle Camp, this more coastal site became preferable. The area was named Cairns in late 1876 in honour of the then Governor of Queensland, William Cairns. The site was predominantly mangrove swamps and sand ridges. Labourers gradually cleared the swamps, and the sand ridges were filled with dried mud, sawdust from local sawmills, and ballast from a quarry at Edge Hill. Throughout

869-535: A population of approximately 60,000. Both local government authorities had chambers in the Cairns CBD . The old Cairns City Council chambers has been converted into a new city library. In a controversial decision, new Council chambers were constructed on previously contaminated land in the mainly industrial suburb of Portsmith. Cairns has three representatives in the Queensland Parliament , from

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948-556: A strong asymmetricality; the predominant use of pure primary colors with black and white; and the relationship between positive and negative elements in an arrangement of non-objective forms and lines. The name De Stijl is supposedly derived from Gottfried Semper 's Der Stil in den technischen und tektonischen Künsten oder Praktische Ästhetik (1861–1863), which Curl suggests was mistakenly believed to advocate materialism and functionalism . The "plastic vision" of De Stijl artists, also called Neo-Plasticism, saw itself as reaching beyond

1027-702: A town on the Barron River on the western side of the Macalister Range, forms part of the Cairns economic catchment but is in the Tablelands local government area and is not part of the Cairns urban area.) The city centre of Cairns is adjacent to the suburbs of Cairns North , and Parramatta Park , Bungalow , Portsmith , and close to Westcourt , Manunda , Manoora , Edge Hill , Whitfield , Kanimbla , City View, Mooroobool , Earlville , Woree and Bayview Heights . The small suburb of Aeroglen

1106-559: Is 795 cultivators and gardeners." As agricultural changes and the White Australia policy impacted the Chinese population of Cairns, including its once thriving Chinatown declined. A Police census stated the Chinese population of Cairns was 450 in 1909, a decrease of around 1,000 since 1901. "Grafton Street, Cairns was the historical site for Cairns Chinatown - the largest and longest running Chinese community outside Brisbane from

1185-671: Is also a growing interest in Cairns from the Chinese leisure market with regular scheduled direct flights from Chinese cities such as Shanghai and Guangzhou. During the 2013 Chinese Lunar New Year period alone, Cairns saw 20,000 Chinese holidaymakers flying in on chartered flights. The city is near the Great Barrier Reef , the Wet Tropics of Queensland , and the Atherton Tableland . Great Barrier Reef tours that operate from Cairns are very popular and hence Cairns

1264-766: Is also considered as the gateway to Great Barrier Reef. The Cairns esplanade includes a swimming lagoon with adjoining barbecue areas. Cairns Esplanade Lagoon opened in March 2003. Though initially controversial, the 4800-square-metre pool has proved a very popular local attraction since its opening. In May 2003, the then Cairns Mayor Kevin Byrne declared that topless sunbathing is permitted here. Many leisure activities are conducted in this area, including flea market, sports classes and many more. Several shopping centres of various sizes are located throughout Cairns. The largest of these are Cairns Central shopping centre, located in

1343-649: Is approximately 52 km (32 mi) from north to south; it has experienced a recent urban sprawl , with suburbs occupying land once used for sugar cane farming. The Northern Beaches consist of a number of beach communities extending north along the coast. In general, each beach suburb is at the end of a spur road extending from the Captain Cook Highway . From south to north, these are Machans Beach , Holloways Beach , Yorkeys Knob , Trinity Park , Trinity Beach , Kewarra Beach , Clifton Beach , Palm Cove , and Ellis Beach . The suburb of Smithfield

1422-484: Is governed by a Regional Council. The Council consists of a directly elected mayor and 9 councillors, elected from 9 single-member divisions (or wards) using an optional preferential voting system. Elections are held every four years. The Cairns Region consists of three former local government areas. The first was the original City of Cairns , consisting of the Cairns City region as listed above. The second, which

1501-551: Is inland against the mountains of the Great Dividing Range, between Yorkeys Knob and Trinity Park. It serves as the main hub for the Northern Beaches, with a modern shopping arcade, called Smithfield Shopping Centre. South of Smithfield and inland from the Northern Beaches along the edge of the Barron River flood plain are the suburbs of Caravonica , Kamerunga , Freshwater , and Stratford . This area

1580-480: Is pressed between Mount Whitfield and the airport, on the Captain Cook Highway between Cairns North and Stratford. Southside Cairns , situated in a narrow area between Trinity Inlet to the east and Lamb Range to the west, includes the suburbs of White Rock , Mount Sheridan , Bentley Park and Edmonton . The townships of Goldsborough , Little Mulgrave , and Aloomba are near Gordonvale , on

1659-556: Is prone to tropical cyclones, usually forming between November and May. Cyclones that have affected the Cairns region include: Cyclone Jasper in December 2023 caused record flooding. The Barron River exceeded the March 1977 record of 3.8 metres (12 ft), making it the worst flooding event in Cairns since records began in 1915. The City Library, operated by the Cairns Regional Council , opened in 1979 and

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1738-533: Is situated at 151 Abbott Street. A major refurbishment was undertaken in 1999 and a further minor refurbishment was implemented in 2011. Public accessible wifi is available. Current Library services and collections can be accessed from the Cairns Libraries website. Cairns has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: Cairns is part of the Cairns Region local government area which

1817-466: Is sometimes referred to as Freshwater Valley, though it is actually the lower part of Redlynch Valley; further up the valley are the suburbs of Redlynch , on the western side of Redlynch Valley, and Brinsmead on the eastern side. Stratford, Freshwater, and Brinsmead are separated from Cairns city by Mount Whitfield (elevation 365 m (1,198 ft)) and Whitfield Range. Crystal Cascades and Copperlode Falls Dam are also behind this range. ( Kuranda ,

1896-911: The Eames House by Charles and Ray Eames, and the interior decoration for the Aubette dance hall in Strasbourg, designed by Sophie Taeuber-Arp, Jean Arp and van Doesburg. Works by De Stijl members are scattered all over the world, but De Stijl-themed exhibitions are organised regularly. Museums with large De Stijl collections include the Gemeentemuseum in The Hague (which owns the world's most extensive, although not exclusively De Stijl-related, Mondrian collection) and Amsterdam 's Stedelijk Museum , where many works by Rietveld and Van Doesburg are on display. The Centraal Museum of Utrecht has

1975-612: The Goldsborough Valley . A Special Forces training base was established at the old " Fairview " homestead on Munro's Hill, Mooroobool . This base was officially known as the Z Experimental Station , but referred to informally as "The House on the Hill". After World War II, Cairns gradually developed into a centre for tourism. The opening of the Cairns International Airport in 1984 helped establish

2054-600: The Mulgrave River , and the southern part of the Atherton Tableland including Atherton and Kairi . The area in which the city is located is known in the local Yidiny language as Gimuy, and the clan who inhabited the region before colonisation are the Gimuy-walubarra clan. From 1770 to the early 1870s the area was known to the British simply as Trinity Bay . The arrival of beche de mer fishermen from

2133-523: The seven natural wonders of the world . Prior to British settlement , the Cairns area was inhabited by the Gimuy Walubara Yidinji people, who still claim their native title rights . Yidinji (also known as Yidinj, Yidiny, and Idindji) is an Australian Aboriginal language . Its traditional language region is within the local government areas of Cairns Region and Tablelands Region , in such localities as Cairns, Gordonvale , and

2212-472: The seventh busiest airport in Australia . Cairns also has a major cruise ship industry servicing both domestic and international markets, with terminals at Cairns Seaport and Cairns Wharf Complex . Cairns is a major tourist destination, with access to two UNESCO world heritage sites; the Daintree Rainforest as part of the Wet Tropics of Queensland , and the Great Barrier Reef , one of

2291-595: The three Australian commercial television networks ( 10 , Seven and Nine ), and public broadcasters the ABC and SBS services. All three main commercial networks produce local news coverage – Seven Queensland and WIN Television both air 30-minute local news bulletins at 6pm each weeknight, produced from newsrooms in the city but broadcast from studios in Maroochydore and Wollongong respectively. Southern Cross 10 airs regional 10 News First updates throughout

2370-489: The "perfect straight line") in the neoplatonic philosophy of M. H. J. Schoenmaekers . The De Stijl movement was also influenced by Neopositivism . The works of De Stijl would influence the Bauhaus style and the international style of architecture as well as clothing and interior design. However, it did not follow the general guidelines of an "-ism" (e.g., Cubism , Futurism , Surrealism ), nor did it adhere to

2449-716: The 'largest ever yet held in Northern Queensland'. On 25 April 1926 ( ANZAC Day ), the Cairns Sailors and Soldiers War Memorial was unveiled by Alexander Frederick Draper , the mayor of the City of Cairns . During World War II, the Allied Forces used Cairns as a staging base for operations in the Pacific, with United States Army Air Forces and Royal Australian Air Force operational bases (now

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2528-544: The 1880s until the mid 1940s. Supporting a diverse population of Chinese settlers, entrepreneurs, women and families, ..." "From the early 1880s when the Lily Creek Chinese camp moved into Sachs Street, Chinatown was a busy and thriving community. According to Cathie May, the social structure of the community was divided according to place of origin with storekeepers on the eastern side of Sachs Street predominantly Sze Yap, and Chung Shan storekeepers and merchants on

2607-633: The 24th session in Cairns , Australia . The committee decided to apply criterion i and ii, and said about the house: The Rietveld Schröderhuis in Utrecht is an icon of the Modern Movement in architecture and an outstanding expression of human creative genius in its purity of ideas and concepts as developed by the De Stijl movement. (...) With its radical approach to design and the use of space,

2686-520: The Chinese enclave. Many were westernised having at least one European parent or grandparent, or had themselves grown up assimilated into the broader Cairns community through their experiences at school. Neither cultural tastes, nor race relations, provided an incentive for Australian born Chinese to remain living in Chinatown. The barriers causing racial residential segregation were removed and many families lived outside Chinatown." The Cairns Parish of

2765-608: The Hungarian artist Vilmos Huszár . In 1917 the cooperation of these artists, together with the poet Antony Kok , resulted in the founding of De Stijl. The young architect Gerrit Rietveld joined the group in 1918. At its height De Stijl had 100 members and the journal had a circulation of 300. During those first few years, the group was still relatively homogeneous, although Van der Leck left in 1918 due to artistic differences of opinion. Manifestos were being published, signed by all members. The social and economic circumstances of

2844-665: The Mulgrave River. This area is serviced by the Bruce Highway . Several other small towns and communities within Cairns's jurisdiction are sparsely located along the Bruce Highway, the furthest being Bramston Beach , 81 km (50 mi) south of the Cairns CBD ; the largest of these townships is Babinda , about 60 km (37 mi) from the city. Cairns experiences a tropical climate , specifically

2923-609: The Rietveld Schröderhuis occupies a seminal position in the development of architecture in the modern age. Only few years after construction of this building Polish architect Stanisław Brukalski built his own house in Warsaw in 1929 likely inspired by Rietveld Schröderhuis which he visited. His Polish example of modern house was awarded bronze medal in Paris expo in 1937 . The house was honored in two euro coins issued by

3002-644: The Roman Catholic Vicariate Apostolic of Cooktown (now the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cairns ) was established in 1884. Debris from the construction of a railway to Herberton on the Atherton Tableland, a project which started in 1886, was also used. The railway opened up land later used for agriculture on the lowlands (sugar cane, corn, rice, bananas, pineapples), and for fruit and dairy production on

3081-523: The Royal Dutch Mint in 2013. Shared locally with other region/s and with Germany and Denmark De Stijl De Stijl ( / d ə ˈ s t aɪ l / , Dutch: [də ˈstɛil] ; 'The Style'), incorporating the ideas of neoplasticism , was a Dutch art movement founded in 1917 in Leiden , consisting of artists and architects. The term De Stijl is also used to refer to

3160-639: The Tableland. The success of local agriculture helped establish Cairns as a port, and the creation of a harbour board in 1906 supported its robust economic future. The Wharf Estate Cairns went on sale in Brisbane via auction on 19 February 1889 by John Macnamara & Co. Land Auctioneers. The land was part of the place known as the Railway Reserve. The sale was described by the Auctioneers as

3239-407: The abstraction of form and colour, that is to say, in the straight line and the clearly defined primary colour". With these constraints, his art allows only primary colours and non-colours, only squares and rectangles, only straight and horizontal or vertical lines. The De Stijl movement posited the fundamental principle of the geometry of the straight line, the square, and the rectangle, combined with

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3318-573: The airport), as well as a major military seaplane base, Naval Base Cairns , in Trinity Inlet, and United States Navy and Royal Australian Navy bases near the current wharf. Combat missions were flown out of Cairns in support of the Battle of the Coral Sea in 1942. Edmonton and White Rock south of Cairns were major military supply areas and U.S. Paratroopers trained at Gordonvale and

3397-539: The art world. Around 1915, Van Doesburg started meeting the artists who would eventually become the founders of the journal. He first met Piet Mondrian at an exhibition in Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam . Mondrian, who had moved to Paris in 1912 (and there, changed his name from "Mondriaan"), had been visiting the Netherlands when war broke out. He could not return to Paris, and was staying in

3476-437: The artists' community of Laren , where he met Bart van der Leck and regularly saw M. H. J. Schoenmaekers . In 1915, Schoenmaekers published Het nieuwe wereldbeeld ("The New Worldview"), followed in 1916 by Beginselen der beeldende wiskunde ("Principles of Visual Mathematics"). These two publications would greatly influence Mondrian and other members of De Stijl. Van Doesburg also knew J. J. P. Oud and

3555-533: The building that were made out of concrete. The walls were made of brick and plaster. The window frames and doors were made from wood as well as the floors, which were supported by wooden beams. To support the building, steel girders with wire mesh were used. The World Heritage Committee inscribed the Rietveld Schröder House on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites on 2 December 2000, during

3634-492: The central business district (CBD), and Stockland Cairns, located in the suburb of Earlville. In Westcourt, one of the city's oldest shopping centres has been refurbished, with the city's first DFO . To service the needs of suburbs further from the city centre, shopping complexes are also located at Mount Sheridan, Redlynch, Smithfield, and Clifton Beach. In 2010, the state government opened the second stage of William McCormack Place, an A$ 80 million office building credited as

3713-416: The changing appearance of natural things to bring an audience into intimate contact with an immutable core of reality, a reality that was not so much a visible fact as an underlying spiritual vision. In general, De Stijl proposed ultimate simplicity and abstraction, both in architecture and painting, by using only straight horizontal and vertical lines and rectangular forms. Furthermore, their formal vocabulary

3792-431: The city as a desirable destination for international tourism particularly from the emerging Japanese market. In the 2016 census , the urban area of Cairns had a population of 144,730 people. In the 2021 census , the urban area of Cairns had a population of 153,181 people. Due to Far North Queensland's close proximity to Melanesia , the region has a large number of people of Melanesian origin. Cairns notably has

3871-413: The city had become a centre of international tourism . In the early 21st century, it has developed into a major regional city. The economy of Cairns is based primarily on tourism, healthcare and education, along with a major capacity in aviation, marine and defence industries. The city has a gross regional product at about $ 11.4 billion as of 2023. The city is served by Cairns International Airport ,

3950-534: The country after 1914 and were thus effectively isolated from the international art world—and in particular, from Paris , which was its centre then. During that period, Theo van Doesburg started looking for other artists to set up a journal and start an art movement. Van Doesburg was also a writer, poet, and critic, who had been more successful writing about art than working as an independent artist. Quite adept at making new contacts due to his flamboyant personality and outgoing nature, he had many useful connections in

4029-455: The day, broadcast from Hobart . Cairns radio stations include a number of public, commercial and community broadcasters. The ABC broadcasts ABC Far North , ABC Radio National , ABC NewsRadio , ABC Classic FM and the Triple J youth network. Commercial radio stations include Star 102.7 , 4CA 846 AM, Hot FM (now Hit Network ), Sea FM (now Triple M ) and 104.3 4TAB sports radio, while

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4108-449: The dominant industry." "The growing agricultural industry in the Cairns region provided the impetus for Cairns Chinatown to develop as Chinese men turned to support industries such as market gardening and shop keeping. They were not only ex-miners, but a growing number of immigrants arriving directly from China to take advantage of the agricultural boom. In 1886 the Chinese population accounted for 60% of all farmers and 90% of gardeners, that

4187-552: The electoral districts of Barron River , Cairns and Mulgrave . The city is represented in the Federal Parliament by representatives elected from the districts of Leichhardt and Kennedy . Cairns serves as the major commercial centre for the Far North Queensland and Cape York Peninsula Regions. It is a base for the regional offices of various government departments. Tourism plays

4266-541: The first 6-star green star-rated building in the city. The Cairns Post , published by Rupert Murdoch 's News Corp. is the main daily newspaper published in the city. Widely available are also The Courier-Mail , a daily newspaper published in Brisbane, and the national broadsheet The Australian , which both are also published by News Corp. Cairns is served by five television stations, three commercial television stations ( WIN Television , Seven Queensland and Southern Cross 10 ) which are regional affiliates of

4345-556: The group did not survive. Individual members remained in contact, but De Stijl could not exist without a strong central character. Thus, it may be wrong to think of De Stijl as a close-knit group of artists. The members knew each other, but most communication took place by letter. For example, Mondrian and Rietveld never met in person. Many, though not all, artists did stay true to the movement's basic ideas, even after 1931. Rietveld, for instance, continued designing furniture according to De Stijl principles, while Mondrian continued working in

4424-563: The group's theories. Along with van Doesburg, the group's principal members were the painters Piet Mondrian , Vilmos Huszár , Bart van der Leck , the architects Gerrit Rietveld , Robert van 't Hoff , the sculptor and painter Georges Vantongerloo , the architect J. J. P. Oud and the writer Antony Kok . The artistic philosophy that formed a basis for the group's work is known as neoplasticism  – the new plastic art (or Nieuwe Beelding in Dutch). According to van Doesburg in

4503-553: The group's three-dimensional works, vertical and horizontal lines are positioned in layers or planes that do not intersect, thereby allowing each element to exist independently and unobstructed by other elements. This feature can be found in the Rietveld Schröder House and the Red and Blue Chair . De Stijl was influenced by Cubist painting as well as by the mysticism and the ideas about "ideal" geometric forms (such as

4582-526: The highest monthly rainfall being recorded in January 1981, when over 1,417.4 mm (55.80 in) of rain fell. In contrast, as little as 721 millimetres or 28.39 inches fell in the record dry calendar year of 2002. Cairns has hot, humid summers and very warm winters. Mean maximum temperatures vary from 26.2 °C (79.2 °F) in July to 31.7 °C (89.1 °F) in January. Monsoonal activity during

4661-439: The house included a garage, which was very strange because Truus did not own a car. The living area upstairs, stated as being an attic to satisfy the fire regulations of the planning authorities, in fact forms a large open zone except for a separate toilet and a bathroom . Rietveld wanted to leave the upper level as it was. Mrs Schröder, however, felt that as living space it should be usable in either form, open or subdivided. This

4740-521: The house until her death in 1985. The house was restored by Bertus Mulder and now is a museum open for visits, run by the Centraal Museum . It is a listed monument since 1976 and UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2000. The Rietveld Schröder House constitutes both inside and outside a radical break with all architecture before it. The two-storey house is situated in Utrecht , at the end of

4819-595: The introduction of the De Stijl , the movement was a reaction to the Dutch expressionist architecture of the Amsterdam School movement. Mondrian sets forth the delimitations of neoplasticism in his essay "Neo-Plasticism in Pictorial Art". He writes, "this new plastic idea will ignore the particulars of appearance, that is to say, natural form and colour. On the contrary, it should find its expression in

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4898-513: The largest Rietveld collection worldwide; it also owns the Rietveld Schröder House, Rietveld's adjacent "show house", and the Rietveld Schröder Archives. The movement inspired the design aesthetics of Rumyantsevo and Salaryevo stations of Moscow Metro opened in 2016. Cairns Cairns ( / ˈ k ɛər n z / ; Yidiny : Gimuy ) is a city in the Cairns Region , Queensland , Australia, on

4977-405: The late 1860s saw the first European presence in the area. On the site of the modern-day Cairns foreshore, there was a large native well which was used by these fishermen. A violent confrontation occurred in 1872 between local Yidinji people and Phillip Garland, a beche de mer fisherman, over the use of this well. The area from this date was subsequently called Battle Camp . In 1876, hastened by

5056-419: The late 19th century, Cairns prospered from the settlement of Chinese immigrants who helped develop the region's agriculture. Soon after Cairns was established "a few entrepreneurial Chinese men began to experiment with crops such as cotton, tobacco, coffee, rice, sugar, and bananas, while market gardeners grew much needed fruit and vegetables. This marked the beginning of the agricultural industry, which became

5135-539: The need to export gold mined from the Hodgkinson goldfields on the tablelands to the west, closer investigation by several official expeditions established its potential for development into a port. Brinsley G. Sheridan surveyed the area and selected a place further up Trinity Inlet known to the diggers as Smith's Landing for a settlement which he renamed Thornton . However, after Native Police officers Alexander Douglas-Douglas and Robert Arthur Johnstone opened

5214-430: The plasticity of the facades; surfaces in white and shades of grey, black window and doorframes, and a number of linear elements in primary colours . In the machine aesthetic tradition, there is little distinction between interior and exterior space. The rectilinear lines and planes flow from outside to inside, with the same colour palette and surfaces. Even the windows are hinged so that they can only open 90 degrees to

5293-645: The principles of art schools like the Bauhaus; it was a collective project, a joint enterprise. In music , De Stijl was an influence only on the work of composer Jakob van Domselaer , a close friend of Mondrian. Between 1913 and 1916, he composed his Proeven van Stijlkunst ("Experiments in Artistic Style"), inspired mainly by Mondrian's paintings. This minimalistic —and, at the time, revolutionary—music defined "horizontal" and "vertical" musical elements and aimed at balancing those two principles. Van Domselaer

5372-553: The sliding wall. When entirely partitioned in, the living level comprises three bedrooms, bathroom and living room. In-between this and the open state is a wide variety of possible permutations, each providing its own spatial experience. The facades are a collage of planes and lines whose components are purposely detached from, and seem to glide past, one another. This enabled the provision of several balconies . Like Rietveld's Red and Blue Chair , each component has its own form, position and colour . Colours were chosen as to strengthen

5451-490: The south of the Trinity Inlet lies the Aboriginal community of Yarrabah . Some of the city's suburbs are located on flood plains. The Mulgrave River and Barron River flow within the greater Cairns area but not through the Cairns CBD . The city's centre foreshore is located on a mud flat. Cairns is a provincial city, with a linear urban layout that runs from the south at Edmonton to the north at Ellis Beach . The city

5530-686: The style he had initiated around 1917. Van der Leck, on the other hand, went back to figurative compositions after his departure from the group. The De Stijl influence on architecture remained considerable long after its inception; Mies van der Rohe was among the most important proponents of its ideas. Between 1923 and 1924, Rietveld designed the Rietveld Schröder House, the only building to have been created completely according to De Stijl principles. Examples of Stijl-influenced works by J.J.P. Oud can be found in Rotterdam ( Café De Unie  [ nl ] ) and Hook of Holland . Other examples include

5609-442: The time formed an important source of inspiration for their theories, and their ideas about architecture were heavily influenced by Hendrik Petrus Berlage and Frank Lloyd Wright . The name Nieuwe Beelding was a term first coined in 1917 by Mondrian, who wrote a series of twelve articles called De Nieuwe Beelding in de schilderkunst ("Neo-Plasticism in Painting") that were published in the journal De Stijl . In 1920 he published

5688-468: The tropical north east coast of Far North Queensland . In the 2021 census , Cairns had a population of 153,181 people. The city was founded in 1876 and named after Sir William Wellington Cairns , following the discovery of gold in the Hodgkinson River . During World War II , the city became a staging ground for the Allied Forces in the Battle of the Coral Sea . By the late 20th century

5767-407: The wall, preserving strict design standards about intersecting planes, and further blurring the delineation of inside and out. The architect was trying to avoid an appearance of a monolithic mass . Initially, Rietveld wanted to construct the house out of concrete. It turned out that it would be too expensive to do that on such a small building. The foundations and the balconies were the only parts of

5846-683: The western side. Nearly all Chinese immigrants to Cairns were from Guangdong Province in the Southern Delta area of China. Most came from Loong Dou, a small distinct district in Chung Shan, with a smaller group from Sze Yap or the "Four Districts" in Toishan. Some also came from Sam Yap or "Three Districts." " As the 20th century progressed the Cairns Chinatown declined. "Australian Born Chinese showed little interest in maintaining

5925-480: The wet season occasionally causes major flooding of the Barron and Mulgrave Rivers, cutting off-road and rail access to the city. Cairns has 97.0 clear days, annually. Dewpoint in the wet season (summer) averages at 23 °C (73 °F). The average temperature of the sea ranges from 23.8 °C (74.8 °F) in July to 29.4 °C (84.9 °F) in January. Like most of North and Far North Queensland, Cairns

6004-406: Was achieved with a system of sliding and revolving panels. Mrs Schröder used these panels to open up the space of the second floor to allow more of an open area for her and her 3 children, leaving the option of closing or separating the rooms when desired. A sliding wall between the living area and the son's room blocks a cupboard as well as a light switch. Therefore, a circular opening was made within

6083-506: Was amalgamated in 1995, was the Shire of Mulgrave (comprising the other areas, namely the Northern Beaches, Redlynch Valley and Southside). The town of Gordonvale was once called Nelson. The third area is the Shire of Douglas , which amalgamated in 2008 during major statewide local government reforms and then de-amalgamated in 2014. At the time of the 1995 amalgamation, Cairns City had a population of approximately 40,000 and Mulgrave Shire had

6162-420: Was limited to the primary colours, red , yellow , and blue , and the three primary values, black , white , and grey . The works avoided symmetry and attained aesthetic balance by the use of opposition. This element of the movement embodies the second meaning of stijl : 'a post, jamb or support'; this is best exemplified by the construction of crossing joints, most commonly seen in carpentry . In many of

6241-595: Was relatively unknown in his lifetime, and did not play a significant role within De Stijl. From the flurry of new art movements that followed the Impressionist revolutionary new perception of painting, Cubism arose in the early 20th century as an important and influential new direction. In the Netherlands , too, there was interest in this "new art". However, because the Netherlands remained neutral in World War ;I , Dutch artists were not able to leave

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