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27-422: Rigolet ( Inuttitut : Tikigâksuagusik ) (population 327) is a remote, coastal Labrador community established in 1735 by French-Canadian trader Louis Fornel . The town is the southernmost officially recognized Inuit community in the world. Located on Hamilton Inlet , which is at the entrance to fresh water Lake Melville ; Rigolet is on salt water and is accessible to navigation during the winter. Although there

54-583: A few elders in Rigolet ). They differ only in phonology . The comparison of some animal names in the two dialects of Inuktitut : The German loanwords used in Inuttitut date from the period of the German missionaries of Moravian Church (1760s). Dorais, Louis-Jacques (1981) Reviews Etudes/Inuit Studies 5 (1) 149-152 Nain, Newfoundland and Labrador Nain ( Inuit language : Nunainguk )

81-533: A huge impact on residents of Hebron and Nutak since the land in Nain (and other communities) was very different (resulting in difficulties when hunting) and many families were divided. Poverty and alcoholism has affected many of the families that originated in Hebron and Nutak. The provincial government apologized for the relocations in 2005. Many Inuit from Hebron were relocated to Nain by the provincial government after

108-513: A population density of 9.1/km (23.5/sq mi) in 2021. Nain has two radio services available. CKOK-FM is a low-power ( LP ) re-broadcaster of CKHV broadcasting at 99.9 FM. Owned by the Okalakatiget Society, the station broadcasts a community radio format for the region's First Nations and Inuit communities. As of the end of 2014, the station now streams online. It broadcasts live during local programming only. There

135-560: A population of 327 living in 125 of its 134 total private dwellings, a change of 7.2% from its 2016 population of 305 . With a land area of 5.27 km (2.03 sq mi), it had a population density of 62.0/km (160.7/sq mi) in 2021. Inuttitut The language has a distinct writing system, created in Greenland in the 1760s by German missionaries from the Moravian Church . This separate writing tradition,

162-549: Is also a local re-broadcaster of Happy Valley-Goose Bay 's CBC Radio One feed, CBNZ . It operates on 740 AM . Flights to Nain are at Nain Airport , and are available from Happy Valley-Goose Bay on Air Borealis (part of PAL Airlines ). Between mid-June and mid-November (pending ice conditions), the ferry MV Kamutik W , operated by the Newfoundland and Labrador Government, provides weekly service from Goose Bay along

189-681: Is governed by a seven-member council composed of a mayor (or Angajukĸâk), deputy mayor (Deputy Angajukĸâk), and five councilors. The Town Council formally changed its name from "Nain Town Council" to "Nain Inuit Community Government" in October 2006. The Nain Inuit Community Government meets once per month. Nain has one kindergarten to level III school, Jens Haven Memorial, which is split between two buildings. One building contains primary grades (kindergarten to grade 3),

216-606: Is no road access, the community is accessible by snowmobile trail, the Rigolet Airport , or seasonally via a coastal ferry (MV Kamutik W) from Happy Valley-Goose Bay . The Hudson's Bay Company established its trading post in Rigolet in 1836. The Hudson's Bay Company remained an active part of the community until 1987 when it was bought by the North West Company and was renamed the "Northern Store". Rigolet

243-655: Is part of the Labrador Inuit Land Claims area and is overseen by the Nunatsiavut government. Approximately 5% of Rigolet's population is non Inuit. Although there are still coniferous trees surrounding the village, a few kilometres northeast into Hamilton Inlet, the terrain changes drastically to a sub-arctic tundra . Minke and humpback whales are commonly observed in nearby waters. In John Wyndham 's post-apocalyptic novel The Chrysalids , set at an unspecified future date, Rigolet has become

270-479: Is the northernmost permanent settlement in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador , within the Nunatsiavut region, located about 370 km (230 mi) by air from Happy Valley-Goose Bay . The town was established as a Moravian mission in 1771 by Jens Haven and other missionaries. As of 2021, the population is 1,204 mostly Inuit and mixed Inuit-European. Nain is the administrative capital of

297-524: The Colony of Newfoundland hoped to colonize southern Labrador. In 1773, it was claimed that over 250 Inuit lived in Nain. In 1893, Nain's residents adopted patrilineal surnames at the request of Newfoundland courts. Many people took names of the missionaries (such as "Kohlmeister" and Townley") while others chose traditional names such as "Agnatok", "Kalleo", "Karpik", "Merkuratsuk", "Pamak" and "Saksagiak" or other European names such as "Abel" and "Obed". During

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324-753: The Labrador Inuit Land Claims Agreement Act was successfully ratified by the Canadian Government and the Inuit of Labrador . Hopedale , further south, is the legislative capital. The land claim cedes limited self-rule for the Nunatsiavut government in Northern Labrador and North-Eastern Quebec , granting title and aboriginal rights. The land that comprises the Nunatsiavut government is called

351-574: The 19th-century, many people from southern parts of Labrador (mostly of mixed European and Inuit descent) and also from England and Newfoundland settled on islands near Nain and introduced names to the area such as "Ford", "Lyall", "Flowers", "Dicker" and "Webb". Most of these island settlements were resettled in the 1950s and 1960s and their inhabitants mostly settled in Nain. 6 Innu (Naskapi) families were recorded in Nain in 1945. In 1959, residents of Hebron and Nutak resettled to Nain, Hopedale, Makkovik and Happy Valley-Goose Bay . The relocation had

378-597: The 2001 census, mostly in the town of Nain . Inuttitut is seriously endangered. Nunatsiavut uses a Latin alphabet devised by German-speaking Moravian missionaries, which includes the letter ĸ ( kra , often also written with an uppercase K). In 1980, the Labrador Inuit Standardized Writing System was developed during a meeting with elders and educators to provide consistency and clarity. The previous orthography used ⟨o⟩ to represent /u/ before uvulars; however,

405-648: The Labrador Inuit Settlement Area, or LISA, which amount to approximately 72,500 km (28,000 sq mi). The Inuit of Labrador do not own this land per se, but they do have special rights related to traditional land use as aboriginals. That said, the Labrador Inuit will own 15,000 km (5,800 sq mi) within the Settlement Area, officially designated as Labrador Inuit Lands. The Agreement also provides for

432-634: The Labrador Inuttitut no longer has a distinct /q/ at the end of syllables. In the new orthography, ⟨o⟩ represents /uu/ . The main difference with the Latin orthography used for other Inuktitut dialects are the following letters: At one time, there existed two dialects of the Inuttut language. The northern dialect (spoken mainly in Nain ) and the southern dialect (spoken only by

459-586: The Moravian mission at Hebron was closed under government pressure in 1959. In 2016, the Google Street View imaging service uploaded images of various roads in Nain. Nain is one of the few communities in Labrador with images on the service . On December 1, 2005, Nain became the administrative capital of the autonomous region of Nunatsiavut which is the name chosen by the Labrador Inuit when

486-460: The assimilation of consonants in clusters, compared to other dialects. Morphological systems (~juk/~vuk) and syntactic patterns (e.g. the ergative) have similarly diverged. Nor are the Labrador dialects uniform: there are separate variants traceable to a number of regions, e.g. Rigolet, Nain, Hebron , etc. Although Nunatsiavut claims over 4,000 inhabitants of Inuit descent, only 550 reported any Inuit language ( Inuktut ) to be their mother tongue in

513-769: The autonomous region of Nunatsiavut . Nain is inaccessible by road and may be reached only by air or sea. Nain was first established in 1771 by Moravian missionaries. It is among the oldest permanent Inuit settlements in Canada, most communities in Nunavut and Nunavik were settled in the 1950s or later. It is also the oldest continuously-inhabited community in Labrador after North West River . Nain has also been called "Nonynuke", "Nuninock" and "Nunaingoakh". The missionaries also established posts in Hopedale and areas in

540-700: The establishment of the Torngat Mountains National Park Reserve , consisting of about 9,600 square kilometres (3,700 sq mi) of land within LISA. Nain is located on the north side of Unity Bay , a small inlet. The bay is open to the Atlantic Ocean but Nain's harbour is protected by numerous islands, the largest of which is Paul's Island . From Nain to the open Labrador Sea is approximately 50 km (31 mi) east through Strathcona Run . Although located at

567-538: The much more typical continuous zone . The almost constant presence of the Icelandic Low means that precipitation, both as rain and snow, is exceptionally heavy for so consistently cold a climate in a low-lying area, with 421.0 cm (165.7 in) of snow the average annual amount. The actual depth of snow on the ground averages 72 cm (28 in) at the end of March. Occasionally, very warm weather occurs in summer when winds blow offshore. The town

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594-426: The north such as Hebron and Okak . The first Inuk to be baptized in Nain was a man named Kingminguse who took the name "Petrus" after conversion and then returned to southern Labrador where he used the name "Petrus Kingminguse" and died in 1800. Many Inuit in the south traveled to the Moravian posts in the north to be baptized and then returned to the south. The Moravians established posts only in northern areas since

621-455: The other houses elementary and secondary grades (grade 4 to Level III). There is also an adult basic education (ABE) program offered in town, delivered by Academy Canada. Academy Canada delivers this program in Nain and throughout Labrador in communities including Happy Valley - Goose Bay, Hopedale, Labrador City , Natuashish and Sheshatshiu . Fishing is the main industry in Nain. Traditional hunting and trapping activities continue through

648-569: The remoteness of Nunatsiavut from other Inuit communities, and its unique history of cultural contacts have made it into a distinct dialect with a separate literary tradition. It shares features, including Schneider's Law, the reduction of alternate sequences of consonant clusters by simplification, with some Inuit dialects spoken in Quebec. It is differentiated by the tendency to neutralize velars and uvulars, i.e. /ɡ/ ~ /r/ , and /k/ ~ /q/ in word final and pre-consonantal positions, as well as by

675-562: The same latitude as Ketchikan on North America's west coast, or Moscow and southern Scandinavia in Europe, the influence of the Labrador Current gives Nain a marginal subarctic climate ( Dfc ) that is very close to a polar climate ( ET ), which creates the southernmost tree line in the northern hemisphere on the adjacent coast. The southernmost tundra is actually still in a zone of discontinuous permafrost rather than

702-580: The town of Rigo and the capital of Labrador (which is one of the few habitable areas left in North America). Rigolet is home to the longest boardwalk in North America . Rigolet's boardwalk stretches over 8 km, from Rigolet to Double Mer Point. The first phase of the boardwalk was completed in 1997 and the last extension of the boardwalk was completed in 2015. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Rigolet had

729-433: The winter months after the fishing season has ended. The Voisey's Bay nickel mine is located about 35 km (22 mi) southwest of Nain. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Nain had a revised population of 1,204 living in 350 of its 380 total private dwellings, a change of 7% from its 2016 population of 1,125 . With a land area of 93.5 km (36.1 sq mi), it had

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