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44-430: The mission statement of the organisation reads: "Rijkswaterstaat is de rijksdienst die werkt aan droge voeten, schoon en voldoende water én aan de vlotte en veilige doorstroming van het verkeer" (Rijkswaterstaat is the national agency that provides dry feet, clean and sufficient water and a quick and safe flow of traffic). The agency is divided in 10 regional, 6 specialist services and 2 special services. As of 1 June 2023,

88-462: A board of directors , or may have no executive powers, in which case they are mainly a spokesperson for the organization. The power given depends upon the type of organization, its structure, and the rules it has created for itself. If the chair exceeds their authority, engages in misconduct, or fails to perform their duties, they may face disciplinary procedures. Such procedures may include censure , suspension, or removal from office . The rules of

132-430: A directorate-general ) is headed by a non-political director-general. This is roughly equivalent to a British permanent secretary . In France, the similar word président-directeur général (PDG) means the highest person in a company, who is at the same time chairman ( président ) of the board of directors and CEO ( directeur général ). From 2001 the two charges may be disjointed. The directeur général délégué has

176-476: A state agency , unless otherwise prescribed by higher authority. For purposes of English translations, the word director-general is officially used. In the UK's civil service , a director-general is now usually a senior civil servant (SCS) at pay band 3 level who heads up a group of other directors and reports directly to the permanent secretary of a department. For historical reasons, it has also been retained as

220-472: A board appoints a president (or other title), the two terms are used for distinct positions. The term chairman may be used in a neutral manner, not directly implying the gender of the holder. In meetings or conferences, to "chair" something (chairing) means to lead the event. Terms for the office and its holder include chair , chairperson , chairman , chairwoman , convenor , facilitator , moderator , president , and presiding officer . The chair of

264-522: A board of executive directors ( Vorstand ) with a chairman ( Vorstandsvorsitzender ). The term is also used by German Institute Taipei , Germany's informal representative mission to the Republic of China (Taiwan) , to refer to its head of mission , as well as the suggested translation for senior executive positions ( Abteilungsleiterin or Abteilungsleiter ) in German ministries. Several positions in

308-408: A company (similar to a US corporation) is either the general manager or CEO of the company. In South Africa, the term refers to the non-political head of the national government and its departments . Provincial governments also have directors-general and they hold similar roles to their national counterparts. In Sweden, the cognate word Generaldirektör (GD) is the generic title for the head of

352-408: A department. Directors general typically report to a more senior civil servant, such as an assistant deputy minister or associate deputy minister. The title "director general" is not usually used within the civil services of the ten provincial governments, nor the three territorial governments; instead, these civil services usually use the title "executive director", or "director". Deputy ministers are

396-448: A lead independent director to provide some element of an independent perspective. The role of the chair in a private equity-backed board differs from the role in non-profit or publicly listed organizations in several ways, including the pay, role and what makes an effective private-equity chair. Companies with both an executive chair and a CEO include Ford , HSBC , Alphabet Inc. , and HP . A vice- or deputy chair, subordinate to

440-491: A parliamentary chamber is sometimes called the speaker . Chair has been used to refer to a seat or office of authority since the middle of the 17th century; its earliest citation in the Oxford English Dictionary dates to 1658–1659, four years after the first citation for chairman . Feminist critiques have analysed Chairman as an example of sexist language, associating the male gender with

484-423: A quasi-title gained particular resonance when socialist states from 1917 onward shunned more traditional leadership labels and stressed the collective control of Soviets (councils or committees) by beginning to refer to executive figureheads as "Chairman of the X Committee". Lenin , for example, officially functioned as the head of Soviet Russian government not as prime minister or as president but as "Chairman of

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528-421: A role similar to that of a chief operating officer. French ministries are divided into general directorates ( directions générales ), sometimes named central directorates ( directions centrales ) or simply directorates ( directions ), headed respectively by a directeur général , a directeur central , or a directeur . Prior to the coup d'état of 1974 which overthrew the government of Emperor Haile Selassie ,

572-459: Is a chief administrative officer nominated by the president of province or by the mayor. The title of direttore generale is also given to the chief executive of an azienda sanitaria , a local public agency for health services. The word director-general was used in the Philippines as a highest ranking law enforcer, which means the head of a law enforcement agency. Such agencies are: It

616-451: Is a senior executive officer, often the chief executive officer , within a governmental, statutory, NGO, third sector or not-for-profit institution . The term is commonly used in many countries worldwide, but with various meanings. In most Australian states, the director-general is the most senior civil servant in any government department, reporting only to the democratically elected minister representing that department. In Victoria and

660-460: Is also used in various government agencies as the agency's chief of office: A general director is the highest executive position in a Russian company, analogous to a US chief executive officer (CEO), or a UK managing director (MD). The position exists for all Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) legal forms (e.g. joint stock companies (AO) and limited-liability companies (OOO)), except for sole proprietorships (IP). The general director

704-452: Is divided into regional and specialist services, formerly known as directies . Each service is managed by a hoofdingenieur-directeur (HID), who together form the board of Rijkswaterstaat. The regions are divided in local water- en wegendistricten (water and road districts), formerly known as dienstkringen . In the past, every province had its own regional organisation, but the directies Groningen, Friesland and Drenthe were merged, forming

748-455: Is equivalent to the position of président-directeur général in France. Executive chair is an office separate from that of CEO, where the titleholder wields influence over company operations, such as Larry Ellison of Oracle , Douglas Flint of HSBC and Steve Case of AOL Time Warner . In particular, the group chair of HSBC is considered the top position of that institution, outranking

792-419: Is the "single-person executive body" of a company, acts without power of attorney to represent the company, and issues powers of attorney to others. The general director's powers are defined by the company charter, by decision of the general meeting of shareholders (AO) or participants (OOO), and by the board of directors. In Spain, México, and other Spanish-speaking countries, the term director general of

836-428: Is the presiding officer of an organized group such as a board , committee , or deliberative assembly . The person holding the office, who is typically elected or appointed by members of the group or organisation, presides over meetings of the group, and is required to conduct the group's business in an orderly fashion. In some organizations, the chair is also known as president (or other title). In others, where

880-527: The Australian government , the equivalent position is the secretary of the department. The Australian Defence Force Cadets has three directors-general which are all one-star ranks : In Canada , the title director general is used in the federal civil service, known as the Public Service of Canada . A director general in the federal government is typically not the most senior civil servant in

924-602: The British Broadcasting Corporation also uses the title despite there being no link to the civil service grading structure. The head of the National Trust also holds the title. The head of Camping and Caravanning Club also holds the title of Director General. This term is used in international organisations and government departments, although this sort of position is more commonly called an "executive director" or "managing director" in

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968-905: The Council of People's Commissars ". At the same time, the head of the state was first called "Chairman of the Central Executive Committee " (until 1938) and then "Chairman of the Presidium of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet ". In Communist China, Mao Zedong was commonly called "Chairman Mao", as he was officially Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party and Chairman of the Central Military Commission . In addition to

1012-838: The Hong Kong government bear titled director-general, including the directors-general of investment promotion , of trade and industry , of civil aviation , and of the Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office, London . In India, director general may refer to the Director General of the Border Security Force or to the Director General of Police , who is the highest ranking official in the Central Armed Police Forces ,

1056-893: The National Disaster Response Force , and the Indian Coast Guard . In addition, the head of many government agencies are also referred to as directors general , like the Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India , the Director General of the Central Statistics Office , the Director General of the National Informatics Centre (NIC) , the Director General of the Indian Council of Medical Research , etc. In Italy ,

1100-519: The Seattle Opera for over three decades. General directors are often responsible for artistic decisions, such as which operas to perform and which singers to hire, in addition to financial matters. The Metropolitan Opera is one of the few exceptions among US opera houses; the head of its administration is known as a " general manager " rather than a general director. Chairman The chair , also chairman , chairwoman , or chairperson ,

1144-566: The direttore generale of a company is a corporate officer who reports to the CEO ( amministratore delegato ) and has duties similar to a chief operating officer . Some Italian ministries are divided into departments ( dipartimenti ), which are in turn divided into general directorates ( direzioni generali ) headed by a direttore generale . Other ministries, which do not have departments, are directly divided into general directorates. In Italian provinces and greatest communes , direttore generale

1188-417: The CEO of a large and established concern, corporation, company or enterprise, particularly if subordinates have the title director . The title is, however, unofficial (theoretically any person, and even practically every entrepreneur with one employee, may call himself director-general) and by now largely out of use. Officially a GmbH has a Geschäftsführer ('managing director'), an Aktiengesellschaft , and

1232-471: The Interim director-general (DG) of Rijkswaterstaat is Patricia Zorko. Since 1 January 2006, Rijkswaterstaat has been an (executive) agentschap (agency). The Dutch word waterstaat denotes the condition of an area in relation to the level and the condition of surface and groundwater, including all relevant natural and artificial features. The component ' rijks ' translates as 'national'. Rijkswaterstaat

1276-665: The United States. Typically, the chief administrative officer of an opera company in the US holds the title of "general director". Such was the case with singer and conductor Plácido Domingo , who formerly functioned in that capacity for the Los Angeles Opera , as he had previously for the Washington National Opera . In another prominent example, Speight Jenkins served as the general director of

1320-431: The administrative or executive duties in organizations, the chair presides over meetings. Such duties at meetings include: While presiding, the chair should remain impartial and not interrupt a speaker if the speaker has the floor and is following the rules of the group. In committees or small boards, the chair votes along with the other members; in assemblies or larger boards, the chair should vote only when it can affect

1364-530: The board, such as: Many companies in the US have an executive chair; this method of organization is sometimes called the American model. Having a non-executive chair is common in the UK and Canada; this is sometimes called the British model. Expert opinion is rather evenly divided over which is the preferable model. There is a growing push by public market investors for companies with an executive chair to have

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1408-487: The chair oversaw the controls of the business through compliance and audit and the direction of the business. Non-executive chair is also a separate post from the CEO; unlike an executive chair, a non-executive chair does not interfere in day-to-day company matters. Across the world, many companies have separated the roles of chair and CEO, saying that this move improves corporate governance. The non-executive chair's duties are typically limited to matters directly related to

1452-413: The chair, is sometimes chosen to assist and to serve as chair in the latter's absence, or when a motion involving the chair is being discussed. In the absence of the chair and vice-chair, groups sometimes elect a chair pro tempore to fill the role for a single meeting. In some organizations that have both titles, deputy chair ranks higher than vice-chair, as there are often multiple vice-chairs but only

1496-619: The chief civil servant of a government ministry or independent state agency was known by the title of director-general . In contemporary Ethiopia, the head official of independent agencies such as the Information Network Security Agency or the Ethiopian Investment Corporation is titled director-general , as are second-tier divisions within ministries, below [permanent] secretariats. In Germany, Generaldirektor may be used for

1540-405: The chief executive, and is responsible for leading the board and representing the company in meetings with government figures. Before the creation of the group management board in 2006, HSBC's chair essentially held the duties of a chief executive at an equivalent institution, while HSBC's chief executive served as the deputy. After the 2006 reorganization, the management cadre ran the business, while

1584-627: The exercise of authority, this has led to the widespread use of the generic "Chairperson". In World Schools Style debating , as of 2009, chairperson or chair refers to the person who controls the debate; it recommends using Madame Chair or Mr. Chairman to address the chair. The FranklinCovey Style Guide for Business and Technical Communication and the American Psychological Association style guide advocate using chair or chairperson . The Oxford Dictionary of American Usage and Style (2000) suggested that

1628-424: The gender-neutral forms were gaining ground; it advocated chair for both men and women. The Daily Telegraph 's style guide bans the use of chair and chairperson ; the newspaper's position, as of 2018, is that "chairman is correct English". The National Association of Parliamentarians adopted a resolution in 1975 discouraging the use of chairperson and rescinded it in 2017. The word chair can refer to

1672-682: The highest level bureaucrat within the Canadian civil service at the federal, provincial and territorial levels. Deputy ministers are not politicians but non-partisan civil servants. Outside the federal, provincial and territorial civil services, some public sector agencies such as school boards in Quebec use the title "director general". In the European Commission and the Council of the European Union , each department (called

1716-417: The organization would provide details on who can perform these disciplinary procedures. Usually, whoever appointed or elected the chair has the power to discipline them. There are three common types of chair in public corporations. The chief executive officer (CEO) may also hold the title of chair, in which case the board frequently names an independent member of the board as a lead director. This position

1760-403: The place from which the holder of the office presides, whether on a chair, at a lectern, or elsewhere. During meetings, the person presiding is said to be "in the chair" and is also referred to as "the chair". Parliamentary procedure requires that members address the "chair" as "Mr. (or Madam) Chairman (or Chair or Chairperson)" rather than using a name – one of many customs intended to maintain

1804-433: The presiding officer's impartiality and to ensure an objective and impersonal approach. In the British music hall tradition, the chairman was the master of ceremonies who announced the performances and was responsible for controlling any rowdy elements in the audience. The role was popularised on British TV in the 1960s and 1970s by Leonard Sachs , the chairman on the variety show The Good Old Days . "Chairman" as

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1848-406: The professional title of the chief executive officers in some organisations which predate the current SCS structure and therefore may be used by those people despite them working at different pay bands. For example, the head of the UK's internal security service MI5 is also called director-general, despite the fact that the post is at permanent secretary (pay band 4) level. The chief executive of

1892-403: The result. At a meeting, the chair only has one vote (i.e. the chair cannot vote twice and cannot override the decision of the group unless the organization has specifically given the chair such authority). The powers of the chair vary widely across organizations. In some organizations they have the authority to hire staff and make financial decisions. In others they only make recommendations to

1936-571: The service Noord-Nederland, the directies Overijssel and Gelderland were merged to form the service Oost-Nederland, the directies IJsselmeergebied and Utrecht were merged to form the service Midden-Nederland and the directies Noord-Brabant and Limburg were merged to form the service Zuid-Nederland. The following regional services exist: Elze van den Ban Director-general A director general , general director or director-general (plural: directors general , general directors , directors-general , director generals or director-generals )

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