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61-633: Rinconada Bikol or simply Rinconada , spoken in the province of Camarines Sur , Philippines , is one of several languages that compose the Inland Bikol (or Southern Bicol) group of the Bikol macrolanguage . It belongs to the Austronesian language family that also includes most Philippine languages , the Formosan languages of Taiwanese aborigines , Malay ( Indonesian and Bahasa Malaysia ),

122-524: A relative humidity of 25.8%, based from Aera Tranquilo. Camarines Sur comprises into 2 cities and 35 municipalities . The population of Camarines Sur in the 2020 census was 2,068,244 people, with a density of 380 inhabitants per square kilometre or 980 inhabitants per square mile. During the May 2010 census , there were 1,822,371 residents in Camarines Sur, making it the most populous in

183-482: A Spanish word for kamalig referring to small nipa or bamboo-made huts by the natives. In 1574, Governor-General Guido de Lavezaris referred Camarines Sur to the King of Spain as Los Camarines , after the abundance of camarin s-rice granaries – which were conspicuous features of the area. Spanish colonizers later subjugated its people and denominated the area into two distinct aggrupations. Partido de Camarines

244-412: A fishing industry as the main base of their economy. Naga City , Iriga City , and Pili are the main economic centers of Camarines Sur. The towns of Nabua , Goa , Calabanga , Libmanan , Pasacao , Sipocot , Baao are also taking successful steps towards urbanization and competitiveness. Milaor , Camaligan , Canaman , Magarao , Gainza serves as a sub-urban area of Naga City. The rest of

305-457: A period of 1 to 2 decades. The Isarog Agta people live within the circumference of Mount Isarog, though only 5 of them still know their indigenous language. They are one of the original Negrito settlers in the entire Philippines. They belong to the Aeta people classification, but have distinct language and belief systems unique to their own culture and heritage. Camarines Sur had urban areas since

366-471: A total of twenty-nine letters representing all phonemes in Rinconada Bikol. A long or stressed vowel is written with a macron (a diacritic placed above a vowel). It also includes the velar nasal special character /ŋ/ that represents "ng". The native alphabet contains phonemes that are native to Rinconada, thus making it the standard Rinconada Bikol alphabet. Example of a Filipino proverb written in

427-594: A variation of the Latin alphabet modeled on the Tagalog alphabet. But unlike the modern Tagalog–Filipino, Rinconada retains and uses diacritics ( kul-it in Rinconada Bikol and kudlit in Tagalog). This is to highlight the meaning of the words and to differentiate homonyms . In return, the diacritics provide Rinconada Bikol with a unique orthography among Philippine languages. Diacritics for this language are limited to

488-586: Is Maray na aldəw , and Maray na gab-ī for the hours that start from 6:00   p.m. to 6:00   a.m., e.g. Maray na mudtū tabî kaninyō ŋāmin! Occasional greetings: The vocabulary of Rinconada Bikol is rich in words with short or unstressed /i/ . In fact, most root words with /i/ are unstressed. However, not all words with /i/ should be read and pronounced as such since there are several words that have stressed /ī/ , especially loanwords, e.g. sīli ('chili'). Native words (root words) with stressed /ī/ are seldom or rare. The language retains

549-438: Is gəpə , and this has divided the language into two dialects – Sinabukid or Highland (with /ə/ ) and Sinaranəw or Lakeside (without /ə/ ). Aside from the vowel /ə/ , another notable aspect of Rinconada language is the occurrence of the extra consonant phoneme /ɣ/ . This consonant bears the sound of mixed letters "h", "y" and "w". The neighboring language of Buhinon also uses this sound - clear evidence of close ties between

610-496: Is also present in the province with their mosques stood in large population areas. Sikhism and Taoism is present in the province as well. Some do not practice religion or identify as Agnostic . The main languages spoken in Camarines Sur are the Coastal Bikol (especially Central Bikol ) and Inland Bikol group of languages. The latter is a group of languages that includes Albay Bikol group and Rinconada Bikol , while

671-515: Is home to five (5) out of eleven (11) declared natural parks in Bicol Region (Region V), namely Bicol Natural Park between the borders of Camarines Sur and Camarines Norte, Buhi Wildlife Sanctuary, Lagonoy Natural Biotic Area, Malabungot Protected Landscape in Caramoan, Camarines Sur, and Mount Isarog Natural Park, totaling 17,769.23 hectares. Camarines Sur occupies the central section of

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732-639: Is not the typical pronunciation of the vowel / e / in other languages - such as the word beg and bell in English, or the word metung in Kapampangan meaning 'one' - [ ɛ ] in IPA (open- or low-mid front unrounded vowel). The letter ⟨e⟩ in Rinconada is pronounced similar to the letter sequence ⟨ee⟩ in English, or the letter ⟨i⟩ of most languages, but

793-465: Is now the province of Sorsogon . From this point another expedition was sent to explore the interior and founded the town of Camalig . In 1573, Spanish conquistador Juan de Salcedo penetrated the Bicol Peninsula from the north as made it as far south as Libon, establishing the settlement of Santiago de Libon. José María de Peñaranda, the first governor of Albay and a military engineer,

854-593: Is often shortened to iyəwā and the command phrase punāsan mo a salmiŋ ('wipe the mirror') can be shortened to punāsa a salmiŋ . A special form is used when talking to elderly people in a polite manner. The letters "ā/a" after the root word of the verb are replaced by the letters "e/ē" if the statement is politely delivered. The letter "e" or "ē" stands for tābî which means 'please' in English, or po in Tagalog. Example 1: Example 2: Example 3: General greetings: The spoken greetings can be shortened to Aldəw and Gab-ī as they are similar to

915-469: Is the language adopted by the indigenous population of Agta/Aeta (the Negrito ) in the surrounding mountainous areas of Mount Iriga (old name is Mount Asog). The Austronesian people that have migrated to the foot of Mount Asog from the lowland Nabua introduced the language to Negritos when they began conducting trade and commerce, thus replacing the native language of the latter. The original language of

976-483: Is the largest among the six provinces in the Bicol Region both by population and land area. Its territory includes two cities: Naga , the most-populous, lone chartered and independent city, as the province's religious, cultural, financial, commercial, industrial and business center; and Iriga , a component city, as the center of the Rinconada area and Riŋkonāda Language. Within the province lies Lake Buhi , where

1037-484: The Bicol Peninsula . With a land area of 5,266.8 square kilometres (2,034 sq mi), it is the largest province in the Bicol Region . At the center of the province is the Bicol Plain, surrounded by mountains which include Mount Bernacci (Tangcong Vaca) , Mount Isarog and Mount Iriga . The eastern portion of the province lies on the mountainous Caramoan Peninsula , which faces the island of Catanduanes to

1098-718: The Philippine Commonwealth Army were active from 3 January 1942 until 30 June 1946, and the Philippine Constabulary was active from 28 October 1944 to 30 June 1946, in Camarines Sur. The Filipino soldiers of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and Philippine Constabulary were spearheading the local military special operations in Bicol Region with the Bicolano guerrilla units decisively aiding them. On 6 June 1955,

1159-610: The Polynesian languages and Malagasy . Rinconada is surrounded by and shares common features with other Bikol languages. It is bordered by Coastal Bikol to the north, Buhinon to the east, and West Miraya language immediately to the south. The language's closest relatives outside the Bicol region are Aklanon , Waray-Waray , and to a lesser extent Tagalog , especially the variants used in Batangas and Marinduque . Rinconada Bikol

1220-550: The Cagayan Valley. Other than their mother tongue (categorized as closely related to Gaddang ), they speak Ibanag and Ilocano . They are not very different from other lowland Christianized Filipino ethnic groups in terms of livelihood, housing, and traditions. Their traditional dresses are colorful with red being the dominant color. Farming is a leading source of livelihood. The average families are education-conscious. This Philippines -related article

1281-684: The Japanese troops stationed in Camarines Sur. After the capture of Vinzons on 8 July 1942, the guerrilla movement was carried on by Lieutenant Francisco Boayes and by the Tangcong Vaca Guerrilla Unit organized by Elías Madrid, Juan Miranda and León Aureus in San Nicolás, Canaman . In April 1945, Camarines Sur was finally liberated from the Japanese invaders against the combined Filipino and American troops in 1945. The military general headquarters and military camp bases of

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1342-565: The Negritos is Inagta, also known to linguists as Mount Iriga Agta , an extinct or nearly extinct language. Inagta is said to have 86% intelligibility with Rinconada Bikol and a lexical similarity of 76%. Most Negritos, commonly called Agta or Aeta ( Ŋod for camaraderie) today, are fluent in Rinconada Bikol, though speak a different variant. The name Rinconada is derived from the Rinconada District in Camarines Sur where

1403-835: The Quipayo Fishing Center (the largest in Bicol), and vast productions of corn, sugar, and rice, which benefit from a large granary. Libmanan has 156 hectares of ricefields and cornfields, and fishing along its coastline connecting the towns of Ragay and Pasacao ; Libmanan also has a commercial district. Sipocot has an agricultural base economy, with an abundant stock of native chicken (Sipocot's OTOP) and wide production of calamansi and other vegetables, while also serving as trading post for towns of Cabusao, Lupi, Del Gallego, Libmanan Ragay and Mercedes ( Camarines Norte ) Tagkawayan ( Quezon Province ) . Fish products from these towns are received by Sipocot. Other towns not mentioned have

1464-406: The Rinconada native alphabet, the letter / j / is always accompanied by / d / if it is in the middle of a word. Otherwise, single /j/ is used. Moreover, it is the only non-gliding consonant that cannot be found at the end of a word in native Rinconada vocabulary. Some words in native Rinconada and Rinconadized words of foreign origin with /j/: Through language evolution, Rinconada Bikol almost lost

1525-733: The Rinconada native alphabet: A dirî tattaoŋ maglīlî sa pinaŋgalinan, dirî makaaābot sa pig-iyānan. (Tagalog: Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makararating sa paroroonan .) Notes: The Rinconada Simplified alphabet is just the same as the Philippine alphabet. It has 28 letters: The letters F, V and Z are included because they are native to other Philippine languages like Itawis and Ibanag . The letters C, Ñ, and Q are also included, but their usages are limited to foreign names, Filipinized words of foreign origins or loans, especially from Spanish, English and Arabic. The simplified alphabet does not use diacritics like

1586-590: The Spanish Army, sided with revolutionists and fought the local Spanish forces on 17 September 1898. Governor Vicente Zaidín capitulated to the revolutionists on the following day. With the arrival of General Vicente Lukbán , the revolutionary government in the Bicol Region was established. The American forces occupied the Bicol Peninsula in January 1900. In March of the same year. General John M. Bell

1647-516: The Spanish Colonial Period with Naga City (or Nueva Caceres) becoming urban in the 19th century due to it being the center of commerce in the former province of Ambos Camarines. Nabua (Which formerly included present day Balatan), Libmanan (Then included present day Cabusao and some barangays of Canaman Pamplona and Pasacao), Sipocot, Pili, Calabanga, Iriga then followed Nueva Caceres with some barangays being classified as urban. By

1708-431: The absence of diacritics in the modern and simplified alphabet, pronunciations in the spoken language are not altered. Moreover, the long vowel sound in a word should not be omitted. One example is bə̄ət ('kind') and bəət ('want, like'). The word bə̄ət in the native alphabet is written as bəət in the simplified alphabet, making the two words the same in spelling albeit with different meanings. In this case,

1769-463: The circumference of Mount Iraya. They have been in the province for thousands of years and have been one of the first settlers in the entire Philippines. In July 1569, Luis Enríquez de Guzmán , a member of the expedition led by Maestro de Campo Mateo de Saz and Captain Martín de Goiti , led a group which crossed from Burias and Ticao islands and landed on a coastal settlement called Ibalon in what

1830-525: The east. The Bicol River drains the central and southern parts of the province into the San Miguel Bay . Mount Asog is surrounded by three lakes: Buhi , Bato , and Baao . The climate in Camarines Sur, like most of the rest of the country, is very tropical. It is dry from March to May and wet the rest of the year Annual average rainfall is 2,565 millimetres (101 in). Camarines Sur has an average temperature of 27.0 °C (80.6 °F) and

1891-542: The former just consists dialects. A dialect of Coastal Bikol, called Coastal Bikol-Partido is used in the eastern portion of the province around Lagonoy Gulf , and another dialect called Coastal Bikol-Central is spoken around Naga City . The Canaman dialect of Central Bikol variant of Coastal Bikol spoken in Canaman, Camarines Sur is said to be the "purest" form of Bikol (according to Jesuit anthropologist Frank Lynch, S.J.), though most linguists just consider it as

Rinconada Bikol language - Misplaced Pages Continue

1952-534: The language originated, developed and is largely spoken. However, the precise origins of how the term Rinconada was assigned to the area are still unclear. Popular wisdom ascribes the name to have come from the Spanish arrinconada , 'cornered', from the root rincón , which means 'corner or small district'. Rinconada might have been given by the Spaniards to the then-newly explored and established colony in

2013-628: The languages of Albay Bikol group, another member of Inland Bikol), is a minority language spoken in the town of Buhi and around Lake Buhi . Most inhabitants of Camarines Sur understand Tagalog and English . In 2010, UNESCO released its 3rd world volume of Endangered Languages in the World, where 3 critically endangered languages were in the Philippines. One of these languages in the Isarog Agta language which has an estimated 5 speakers in

2074-669: The late 1990s the remaining rural municipalities were Siruma, Garchitorena, Presentacion and Cabusao. Until 2007 when all of these 4 municipalities were classified as urban by the National Statistics Office. Poverty incidence of Camarines Sur Source: Philippine Statistics Authority The economy of Camarines Sur is mostly agriculture-based. 29 of the 35 towns are agricultural and produce rice, corn, feedmeal, freshwater fish, livestock, coconut, sugar, abacá, and water-lily. Entrepreneurs engage in trading, often branching out towards neighboring provinces in

2135-617: The letter which represents the glottal stop is rəgsad . This can only be found in the native form of alphabet, and it is limited to final vowels or vowels at the end of a word. Rəgsad is represented by the circumflex ( ˆ ). For examples of the glottal stop, consider the Rinconada words salâ ('wrong') and turô ('drop of water/fluid'), often simply sala and turo in the simplified alphabet and in Filipino and English orthographies. The Rinconada native alphabet has six short vowels, six long vowels, and seventeen consonants,

2196-605: The lowlands, particularly in Nabua and Bula, thus preserving the vowel which has survived to this day in the Sinabukid dialect. People who are new to the highland accent may find the Sinabukid dialect sounds like Ilokano , Pangasinense , or Karay-a of Antique province . The vowel can also be heard from the population in towns and cities speaking the Albay Bikol group of languages. The native word for this vowel in Rinconada

2257-533: The macron ⟨◌̄⟩ for stressed and long vowels, the circumflex ⟨◌̂⟩ for glottal stop, or the letters for velar nasal ⟨ŋ⟩ , schwa ⟨ə⟩ , or velar fricative ⟨ɣ⟩ , as they do not appear on a standard QWERTY keyboard. The velar nasal ⟨ŋ⟩ is replaced by the digraph ⟨ng⟩ , and the two latter sounds can be replaced by ⟨o⟩ and ⟨h⟩ , ⟨w⟩ , and ⟨y⟩ respectively. Even with

2318-445: The macron and circumflex which is unlike other languages, for example Vietnamese which has several. However, due to technical difficulties and a scarcity of resources, diacritics are sometimes not available. Thus, two Rinconada alphabets were created to meet the needs of the speakers: the native and the simplified. Both can be used at the same time depending on the situation, purpose and availability of resources. The Rinconada name for

2379-548: The manufacture of jewelry and gifts/toys/housewares, and processing of pineapple and coconut. Naga also has vast cornfields, rice fields, and water lily farms all over the city. Calabanga , Cabusao , Libmanan and Sipocot have similar economies to Naga City. Calabanga has commerce from goods moving out of Naga, and is the trade center for the towns of Tinambac , Bombon , Cabusao , and Siruma and further Mercedes in Camarines Norte . Calabanga also has fishing from

2440-459: The mouth is more open and the tongue is a bit relaxed. In IPA it is [ e ] , a close- or high-mid front unrounded vowel. So its pronunciation lies in between that of leed 's [ i ] and led 's [ ɛ ] . The difference between the letters ⟨e⟩ and ⟨ē⟩ is that the latter pronounced longer or prolonged. Example: mutēte (IPA: /muteːte/ ) - 'chide, scold'. Unlike other letters in

2501-450: The phoneme /h/ , hence it is rare. It is often absent in most Rinconada words that are usually present in other Philippine languages. There is no real /h/ sound in Rinconada. It is either silent or glided and sounds like a long tonal vowel, or vowel lengthening. The letter /h/ is omitted since it is silent; on the other hand, it is glided when in between vowels. The Tagalog words such as hangin , higop and hanggan are almost

Rinconada Bikol language - Misplaced Pages Continue

2562-997: The phoneme [h] is an occurrence comparable (though not to the same degree) to that in the Kapampangan language . Nevertheless, Rinconada Bikol speakers can pronounce it with clarity and emphasis whenever they speak other languages where it is present. For centuries under Spanish rule, Rinconada adopted many words from Spanish . There are a considerable number of Latin loans (sometimes obscured by being subject to Rinconada phonology and grammar), for example: estar ('address or dwelling place', from estar meaning 'stay'), soltēro ('single' but only applicable to male individuals, from soltero ), ɣūben ('young' from joven ), and ilyābe ('key', from llave ). Older generations tend to use Spanish loanwords more often while younger generations tend to use Tagalog words and rinconadized words from English, especially modern terminology with no counterpart in native Rinconada Bikol vocabulary. Example: Camarines Sur Camarines Sur

2623-419: The pronunciation of the words depends on their place and usage in a sentence. To avoid confusion and aid in ease of reading, it is strongly recommended to use the native alphabet in writing Rinconada Bikol. List of phrases and expressions that are unique to each variant: Like other Visayan and Bikol languages, Rinconada Bikol has a short form for the imperative. e.g.: The phrase iyəwən mo ('grill it')

2684-469: The proto-Philippine schwa vowel /ə/ that has disappeared in most Philippine languages like Cebuano , Tagalog and even the neighboring Coastal Bikol language. In Nabua, Camarines Sur, (where the language is believed to have originated), the vowel also disappeared through normal development and evolution. However, it was preserved by those who moved and migrated to the highland part of Rinconada around Mount Iriga (formerly Mount Asog) due to severe flooding in

2745-673: The province is predominantly Roman Catholicism followed by 93% of the population, one of the highest in the entire Philippines, including Philippine-based catholic Iglesia Filipina Independiente or Aglipayan Church. Other religions professed by the people include Iglesia Ni Cristo (INC) the Province of Camarines Sur has 2 Ecclesiastical District of the Church 1.Iriga 2.Naga serves the increasing numbers, Baptist, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), Jehovah's Witnesses , Methodists and other smaller Christian groups. Islam

2806-475: The province takes a long time to urbanize due to lack of major roads, or isolation from business centers. The Pan-Philippine Highway (N1/AH26), is the highway backbone network, and the secondary and tertiary roads interconnect most cities and municipalities in Sipocot, Libmanan, Pamplona, San Fernando, Milaor, Naga City, Pili, Bula, Baao, Iriga City, Nabua before ending at Bato. In order to spur development in

2867-534: The province, two expressways in Camarines Sur have been proposed: Download coordinates as: Itawis The Itawes , Itawis , Hitawit or Itawit ( endonym ) are an indigenous peoples in the Cagayan Valley of northern Luzon , Philippines . Their name is derived from the Itawes prefix i- meaning "people of" and tawid or "across the river". The Itawes are among the earliest inhabitants of

2928-600: The provincial capital, which had previously been located in Naga, was transferred to Pili by virtue of Republic Act 1336 . Camarines Sur covers a total area of 5,497.03 square kilometres (2,122 sq mi) occupying the central section of the Bicol Region in Luzon . The province borders Camarines Norte and Quezon to the northwest, and Albay to the south. To the east lies the Maqueda Channel . Camarines Sur

2989-488: The region. The census also stated that Camarines Sur had 288,172 households with an average household size of 5.37 persons, significantly higher than the national average of 4.99. The annual growth rate was 1.86%, much lower than the national growth rate of 2.36%. This rate of growth will double the population of Camarines Sur in 8 years. Prior to colonization, the region had a complex religious system which involved various deities. Among these deities include: The religion of

3050-425: The rural areas. Fishing is also done along both shores of the province. Tourism, primarily because of Caramoan and Mount Isarog , also generates income for Camarines Sur. Naga and several towns have a tri-economy or three-base economy: commerce, industry, and agriculture. As the main center in the Bicol Region, all of the products from other provinces in the region are brought to Naga. It has four major industries:

3111-463: The same as the Rinconada words, but the letter [h] is eliminated since it is not pronounced. The corresponding equivalents are aŋin , igop and aŋgan ; the same is the case with other Bikol words like harani , harayo , and habo , which are arāni , arayô , and abə in Rinconada, while the glided /h/ sound can be found in between the same vowels as in baha , saha , kohol , and mohon . The disappearance of

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3172-485: The smallest commercially harvested fish, the sinarapan ( Mistichthys luzonensis ), can be found. The province is also home to the critically endangered Isarog Agta language , one of the three critically endangered languages in the Philippines according to UNESCO . The earliest settlers in Camarines Sur are the Isarog Agta people who live within the circumference of Mount Isarog and the Iraya Agta who live within

3233-401: The south as local demand might be limited by the 3rd to 5th income-class municipalities. Handicrafts are the major source of rural income, providing a fairly large share in the small-scale industries of the province. Forestry and papermaking are other sources of livelihood. The manufacture of abacá products such as Manila hemp, hats, bags, mats, and slippers is one of the main sources of income in

3294-696: The southeastern corner of Luzon Island ; natives formerly called the area Sumagang (Sumagaŋ), meaning 'far east'. Adding credence to the theory of a Spanish origin are the localities of La Rinconada in Spain and La Rinconada in Chile , which was also a former Spanish colony. The language is divided into two main dialects and subdivided into six variants: (Strong accent, flat intonation only, and with / ə / ) (Soft accent with different types of intonation, and without /ə/ ) Notes: Notes: Rinconada Bikol has several diphthongs or gliding vowels. Rinconada uses

3355-477: The standard form of Central Bikol language since other Coastal Bikol languages, Rinconada Bikol and Buhinon (both Inland Bikol) are separate languages. The Rinconada Bikol also known as Riŋkonāda (under the umbrella of Inland Bikol group of languages), is used by most people in the Rinconada area or district of the province especially in Nabua , Iriga City and by people of Rinconada in diaspora. Buhinon (one of

3416-468: The two languages. This phoneme has neither a corresponding letter in the Philippine alphabet nor an equivalent character on the Philippine standard keyboard. Thus, Rinconada Bikol speakers have no option but to use "h" as an alternative letter. However, in the spoken Sinaranəw dialect, the consonant /ɣ/ and the vowel /ə/ are often replaced by the letters "w" and "o", respectively. Examples of ⟨ ɣ ⟩ The letter ⟨e⟩ in Rinconada

3477-457: The two-syllable words bonjour and bonsoir of the French language. Specific greetings: People of Rinconada classify dim or dark hours as nighttime and light hours as daytime. As such, even with the introduction of modern standard time, they consider the hours of 12 midnight until 6 o'clock in the morning nighttime. Therefore, the general greeting from 6:00   a.m. to 6:00   p.m.

3538-416: The year 2000. The language was classified as Critically Endangered , meaning the youngest speakers are grandparents and older, and they speak the language partially and infrequently and hardly pass the language to their children and grandchildren anymore. If the remaining 150 people do not pass their native language to the next generation of Isarog Agta people, their indigenous language will be extinct within

3599-507: Was made corregidor of the province on 14 May 1834. He constructed public buildings and built roads and bridges. The entire Bicol Peninsula was organized as one province with two divisions, Camarines in the northwest and Ibalon in the southeast. In 1636, the two were separated. Known centuries ago as the Tierra de Camarines , the province is distinctly Spanish-founded settlement. Its name having been derived from camaronchones or camarines ,

3660-599: Was made the military governor of the southeastern Luzon. Civil government was finally established in Ambos Camarines in April 1901. During World War II , Camarines Sur came under Japanese occupation in late December 1941, following the capture of Naga on 18 December, a few days after the Japanese invasion of Legaspi . Guerrilla units were organized by Wenceslao Q. Vinzons that waged underground operations against

3721-505: Was partitioned into Camarines Sur and Camarines Norte in 1829, and thereafter underwent fusion, annexations and re-partitions until 19 March 1919, when two provinces, jointly called Ambos Camarines , were finally separated with their present boundaries by decree of the First Philippine Legislature. The Philippine Revolution started in Ambos Camarines when Elías Ángeles and Félix Plazo, Filipino corporals in

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