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62-651: The city is an important regional transport center and a stop on the Pan-American Highway , which runs through Ecuador. Riobamba is one of the largest cities in the central portion of Ecuador's Sierra region. Riobamba takes its name from a combination of rio , the Spanish word for "river", and rispampa , the Quechua word for "plain." The region surrounding Riobamba was inhabited by the Puruhá nation before

124-537: A military spokesman in Quito , the initial explosion occurred during maintenance work inside the dump. In April 2003, the army published its final investigatory report of the explosion. It concluded that the Santa Barbara munitions factory was directly responsible for the explosion, which the army classified as an accident. Riobamba is located in the center of the country in the sierra region, in close proximity to

186-538: A natural extension of several key American highways that reach the Canada–US border. British Columbia Highway 97 and Highway 2 to Alberta both pick up where the southern end of the Alaska highway leaves off. Highway 97 becomes U.S. Route 97 at the Canada–US border. British Columbia Highway 99 provides an alternate route from Highway 97 just north of Cache Creek ; it runs through Whistler and Vancouver before ending at

248-526: A series of explosions at the munitions depot at the Galapagos Brigade arsenal in Riobamba. Such was the force of the explosion that many residents said they first thought there had been an earthquake or volcanic eruption. Windows were blown out more than 1.5 kilometres from the arsenal, and many of the injured suffered lacerations from flying shards of glass. According to Colonel Arturo Cadena ,

310-544: A week, passing the Devil's Nose and Alausí round trip, with zig-zags. Before 2009 passengers were permitted to sit on the roof, but this practice has been prohibited for safety reasons. Pan-American Highway The Pan-American Highway is a network of roads stretching across the Americas , measuring about 30,000 kilometres (19,000 mi) in total length. Except for a break of about 100 km (60 mi) across

372-590: Is a mid-level city in Ecuador, and the tenth largest in terms of population. It is the urban center of the Riobamba canton. Its historic center that has a number of well-preserved churches. The main celebration in Riobamba is Fiesta del Niño Rey de Reyes, which starts in December and ends on January 6, Epiphany. Another celebration is Riobamba's Independence Day on 21 April. This museum has a gem-encrusted gold monstrance . The art included in this religious collection

434-554: Is about 148 km (92 mi). From Honduras, it passes into Nicaragua at El Espino , passing through the Nicaraguan cities of Somoto , Estelí , Sebaco, Managua , Jinotepe , and Rivas before entering Costa Rica at Peñas Blancas. From the crossing at the Honduras-Nicaragua border , the highway continues as Central America Highway 1 to the town of Ocotal , about 42 km (26 mi). From Ocotal to Estelí

496-481: Is about 50 km (31 mi) and another 55 km (34 mi) to Jutiapa . The highway continues as CA Highway 1 and approaches the border with El Salvador . It is 50 km (31 mi) to the border crossing at San Cristobal Frontera. In Guatemala , the Pan-American highway passes through 10 departments , including The Department Of Guatemala , where it passes through Guatemala City . El Salvador

558-511: Is about 58 km (36 mi), and on to the village of Sébaco is about 46 km (29 mi). At this point, the Inter-American Highway turns from southeast to south towards Ciudad Darío , which is 15 km (9.3 mi) from Sébaco. From Ciudad Dario to the village of San Benito is 55 km (34 mi). From San Benito, it is about 38 km (24 mi) to the Nicaraguan capital and largest city of Managua , on

620-509: Is also an important trade center of cattle-ranching. The city has an open-air market where indigenous artisans display and sell their wares. They make products such as handwoven textiles, handicrafts, leather goods, beer, and dairy products. Universities include Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Escuela Superior Politecnica de Chimborazo which is the best in the city, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, and Instituto Tecnologico superior Isabel de Godin. Riobamba

682-761: Is commonly considered a de facto northerly extension of the Pan-American Highway, which continues further north with the Dalton Highway in Alaska. With this route, the Pan-American Highway begins in Prudhoe Bay , Alaska near Deadhorse . Traveling south, the route follows the length of the Dalton Highway (Alaska Route 11) changing to Alaska Route 2 , the Alaskan portion of the Alaska Highway, near Fairbanks , Alaska. From Fairbanks,

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744-417: Is from the 18th century. The Cordoba Roman family established a private collection consisting of ancient art, archaeological pieces, documents, and other possessions. They donated it to Riobamba municipality as the basis of a city museum. It exhibits a wide selection of arms and uniforms. It also has religious materials from various epochs of Ecuador's history. It is located on Ave. Héroes de Tapi. Riobamba

806-476: Is known as Carretera Interamericana (Inter-American Highway) and is composed of two segments Carretera Interamericana Norte (Route 1) and Carretera Interamericana Sur (Route 2). It passes through Liberia , San José , Cartago , Pérez Zeledón , Palmares, Neily, before crossing into Panama at Paso Canoas. The highest point in the entire Pan-American Highway occurs at the Cerro de la Muerte (Death Hill) in

868-552: Is known as the Inter-American Highway ) starts at Nuevo Laredo , Tamaulipas (opposite Laredo, Texas ), and goes south to Mexico City along Mexican Federal Highway 85 . An alternative route begins at the border crossing between San Diego, California and Tijuana, Baja California . Interstate 5 in the United States connects to Mexican Federal Highway 1 at the busiest international border crossing in

930-616: Is the home city of one top-level football club, Centro Deportivo Olmedo . Cockfights are usually seen during Riobamba's festivities and on weekends at the Gallera San Francisco. Riobamba is the trekking and mountain climbing capital of Ecuador. It is the base city for climbs of Carihuairazo , Chimborazo , Sangay , El Altar , and the Lost Pyramid of Puñay . Mountain biking is another common sport. A scenic train ride ( Nariz Del Diablo ) leaves Riobamba three times

992-437: Is the smallest country (by area) along the route of the Pan-American Highway. After crossing into El Salvador at Candelaria de la Frontera , the Inter-American Highway continues on toward Santa Ana as Central America Highway 1. From the border crossing to Santa Ana is about 13 km (8.1 mi). From Santa Ana it's about 45 km (28 mi) San Salvador, El Salvador 's capital and largest city. At Nueva San Salvador ,

1054-459: The Chimborazo volcano . Like many cities in Ecuador, Riobamba has a near constant temperature year-round, with a wet and dry season. Its altitude (2754 m) and closeness to Chimborazo give the city a cool climate year-round, with temperatures averaging between 23 °C and 14 °C. The economy of the city is based on the agricultural production of the surrounding local populations. Riobamba

1116-754: The Corporal reserved to the chalice , paten and the ciborium during the Holy Mass . Other Christians (notably in the Anglican Church , Old Catholic Church, and Lutheran Church ) accept the doctrine of the Real Presence , whilst rejecting transubstantiation as a philosophical concept ( cf . sacramental union ). Owing to these beliefs, the consecrated elements are given the same adoration and devotion that Christians of these traditions accord to Christ himself. Within churches of these traditions

1178-695: The Maya ruins of Zaculeu . The Pan-American Highway crosses the Continental Divide again, and into the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes mountains. From Huehuetenango to Chimaltenango is roughly 160 km (99 mi) with Mayan ruins at Iximché , just north of Tecpán Guatemala . From Chimaltenango, it is about 35 to 40 km (22 to 25 mi) to Guatemala City , the capital and largest city in Central America. From Guatemala City to Cuilapa

1240-598: The Mexican Federal District . Later branches were built to the border as follows: From Mexico City to the border with Guatemala , the highway follows Mexican Federal Highway 190 . In the inaugural Carrera Panamericana road race, organized by the Mexican government, the terminus of this southern route was said to be at Ciudad Cuauhtémoc, Chiapas , at the Guatemalan border. Specifically, as

1302-732: The Overseas Highway . The deterioration of relations between Cuba and the U.S. after the Cuban Revolution of 1959 ended talk of this project. The concept of an overland route from one tip of the Americas to the other was originally proposed as a railroad. In 1884 the U.S. Congress passed a law with a plan to build an inter-American rail system. This was discussed at the First Pan-American Conference in 1889; however, construction never started. It

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1364-654: The Santa Rosa National Park to the west and Guanacaste National Park to the east. From the Nicaragua-Costa Rica border to the town of Liberia is about 76.8 km (47.7 mi). In the region of Costa Rica, the Pan-American Highway runs just west of the Cordillera de Guanacaste (Guanacaste Mountains), which includes the active volcanoes of Rincón de la Vieja and Miravalles . While travelling through Costa Rica north of San Jose,

1426-542: The dry season . There is no official authority for its composition, but it extends in de facto terms from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska , in the north, to the southern cities of Puerto Montt and Quellón in Chile , and Ushuaia in Argentina . The highway was built in stages. The first, not long after one could drive across the United States on a paved road, was the highway from Laredo, Texas , to Mexico City . The second stage

1488-866: The Alberta route, both of which are also part of the CANAMEX Corridor . Crossing the border into Canada, Alaska Highway 2 turns into Yukon Highway 1. The first significant settlement along the way is Beaver Creek, Yukon . At Haines Junction , where it meets Yukon Highway 3 , Yukon Highway 1 turns east toward Whitehorse , the capital of the Yukon Territory . Through most of Whitehorse, Yukon Highway 2 and Yukon Highway 1 share an alignment. Yukon Highway 1 cuts southeast toward Marsh Lake, Yukon while Yukon Highway 2 cuts south to Skagway , Alaska. Eventually, Yukon Highway 1 intersects with Yukon Highway 8 and Yukon Highway 7 at Jake's Corner, Yukon ;

1550-631: The British Columbia–Yukon border, the Pan-American Highway reaches the first settlement in British Columbia at Lower Post . After travelling about 32 km (20 mi) east, the highway once again re-enters the Yukon for roughly 8 mi (13 km). The Highway then re-enters British Columbia (as BC 97) for the final time. The Pan-American Highway continues south to southeast through a long uninhabited stretch until it passes through

1612-544: The Canada–US border at the north end of Interstate 5 in Washington state , the beginning of the official Pan-American route south of British Columbia. Meanwhile, Alberta Highway 2 runs south and east to Alberta Highway 3 leading into Lethbridge , then south on Alberta Highway 4 to the Canada–US border, where it becomes Interstate 15 in Montana . This is the first official stretch of the Pan-American Highway south of

1674-760: The Carretera Interamericana Sur segment, at 3,335 m (10,942 ft). An alternative route used by cross country buses and freight transportation that avoids crossing through the Greater Metropolitan Area and Cerro de la Muerte, is by taking Route 23 in Puntarenas canton from Route 1, then Route 27 and Route 34 , and taking Route 2 in Osa canton. After entering Costa Rica, the Highway separates two national parks,

1736-742: The Highway travels south for about 290 km (180 mi) until it reaches Fort St. John . It continues on B.C. Highway 97 southeast for another 60 km (37 mi) to reach the end of the Alaska Highway at Dawson Creek . After B.C Highway 97, the unofficial route becomes Alberta Highway 43 . In approximately 7.2 km (4.5 mi), Highway 43 enters into the first settlement Demmitt. For about 75 km (47 mi), Highway 43 goes into Grande Prairie . At Clairmont , Highway 43, turns to Alberta Highway 2 , Highway 43 goes left. Highway 43 goes for 455 km (283 mi) before reaching Edmonton . The unofficial route turns 2 ways, one way goes to Lloydminster , Minneapolis , and Dallas and merges with

1798-638: The Inca and their allies, Riobamba was founded on 15 August 1534 in the San Miguel plains by Diego de Almagro . It is considered the first city to be established in what is modern-day Ecuador. In 1563, the city became part of the Spanish Empire 's newly formed Royal Audience of Quito . Although the city was completely destroyed by an earthquake in 1797 , it was rebuilt a few years later 14 km (8.7 mi) from its original location. The second site

1860-455: The Oaxaca state capital of Oaxaca is about 140 km (87 mi). From the city of Oaxaca, the Highway continues southeast as Mexico Highway 190 for about 230 km (140 mi) to the village of Juchitán de Zaragoza . The Pan-American Highway is now in southern Mexico, which is a combination of small mountains, hills, and jungles. It is another 90 km (56 mi) to the border with

1922-531: The Pan-American Highway continues on Yukon 1 east-northeast from this junction. At Johnson's Crossing , Yukon Highway 1 meets Yukon Highway 6 and travels southeast through Teslin, Yukon . The Pan-American Highway continues on Yukon 1 as it crosses over into British Columbia (B. C.). After several miles, the Highway reenters the Yukon (once again as Highway 1) and continues southeast of Watson Lake until it, once again, enters British Columbia as B.C. Highway 97. After travelling about 8 km (5.0 mi) past

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1984-442: The Pan-American Highway continues south of Mexico City, it runs through the city of Cuernavaca about 48 km (30 mi) south of the Mexican capital. Here, the Pan-American Highway heads east along Federal Highway 190 through the state of Puebla ; for about 32 km (20 mi), it is a limited-access divided highway. The route then reverts to an undivided highway and enters the state of Oaxaca . From Huajuapan de León to

2046-592: The Republic of Ecuador established its own independence as a nation. The Monumental Raúl Dávalos, a 13,000-person capacity bullring, opened here in 1952. In 2011 the nation voted by referendum to prohibit matadors killing the bulls in such corridas , a policy also followed by Portugal. This has resulted in a dramatic decline in related tourism, with a substantial loss in revenues, especially in Quito. On 20 November 2002, seven people were killed and hundreds wounded from

2108-492: The Sacred Host itself by making the transparent portion of the vessel just of the size required, and surrounded, like the sun, with rays. Monstrances of this shape, dating from the fifteenth century, are also not uncommon, and for several hundred years past this has been by far the commonest form in practical use. Medieval monstrances were more varied in form than contemporary ones. Those used for relics, and occasionally for

2170-703: The advance of the Inca Empire during the late 15th century. The Puruha fiercely resisted the Inca efforts to conquer the north of today's Ecuador. The Inca Huayna Capac had to make an alliance in order to pacify the tribes who sided with Condorazo, the general of the Puruha nation. He allied with the Schyris confederation, also known as the Caran-Quitu people, believed to have developed the Kingdom of Quito in

2232-784: The body and blood of Christ. Although the elements retain the appearance, or accidents of bread and wine, they become the body and blood of Christ. The presence of Jesus Christ God in the Eucharist is known as the doctrine of the Corporeal Presence within the Roman Catholic Magisterium . The Corporeal Presence is believed to be real (in Latin : realiter ) and of the whole ( totaliter ) Christ, in Body , Soul and Spirit . The name "Corporeal Presence" concerns

2294-603: The border between Colombia and Panama known as the Darién Gap , the roads link most of the Pacific coastal countries of North America and South America in a connected highway system. According to Guinness World Records , the Pan-American Highway is the world's longest "motorable road". The Pan-American Highway passes through many diverse climates and ecological types—ranging from dense jungles to arid deserts and barren tundra . Some areas are fully passable only during

2356-499: The border into Honduras at El Amatillo near Nacaome (40 km (25 mi) from border). Just past Nacaome is a highway traveling north to Tegucigalpa , the capital of Honduras. Traveling south, it is 40 km (25 mi) to Choluteca , the fourth-largest city in Honduras. From Choluteca to the border crossing, just past San Marcos de Colón , is about 68 km (42 mi). The Pan-American Highway's total distance in Honduras

2418-588: The concept of "showing", can refer to a vessel intended for the exposition of the Blessed Sacrament , but ostensorium has only this meaning. In the Catholic tradition, at the moment of consecration the elements (called "gifts" for liturgical purposes) are transformed (literally transubstantiated ) into the body and blood of Christ. Catholic doctrine holds that the elements are not only spiritually transformed, but are (substantially) transformed into

2480-584: The consecrated Eucharistic Sacramental bread (host) during Eucharistic adoration or during the Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament . A monstrance may also serve as a reliquary for the public display of relics of some saints. The word monstrance comes from the Latin word monstrare , while the word ostensorium comes from the Latin word ostendere . Either term, each expressing

2542-602: The highway is not marked. Much of the highway in Latin America is marked as Vía Panam or Vía Panamericana . The Northern Pan-American Highway travels through nine countries, including in Central America: The Southern Pan-American Highway travels through five countries: Important spurs also connect with four other South American countries: The Alaska Highway through Alaska , Yukon and British Columbia

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2604-560: The highway passes near the Volcano de San Salvador. From San Salvador to Cojutepeque is about 15 km (9.3 mi); following the highway southeast to San Miguel is about 65 km (40 mi). From San Miguel to the El Salvador-Honduras border is about 30 km (19 mi). In El Salvador, the highway also passes through the cities of, Santa Tecla , Antiguo Cuscatlán , and San Martín . The highway crosses

2666-475: The highway route is known as Costa Rica Highway 1 instead of CA Highway 1. From San Jose south to Panama, the highway route is known as Costa Rica Highway 2. Monstrance A monstrance , also known as an ostensorium (or an ostensory ), is a vessel used in Roman Catholic , Old Catholic , High Church Lutheran and Anglican churches for the display on an altar of some object of piety, such as

2728-531: The highway. No single route in the United States (except in Alaska) has been designated, much less marked, as the U.S. portion of the Pan-American Highway. However, I-25 is labeled as the Pan-American freeway in states such as New Mexico and Colorado. According to the federal Department of Transportation, the Interstate Highway System is the United States' section of the highway. In Canada

2790-484: The host in a special side chapel, often called the "Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament". For portable designs, the preferred form is a sunburst on a stand, usually topped by a cross. Before the Council of Trent , the most common design was the tower. The sun design would come to dominate the shape of modern monstrances after it became clear that the ostensorium could be better adapted to the object of drawing all eyes to

2852-450: The host, typically had a crystal cylinder in a golden stand, and those usually used for hosts had a crystal window in a flat-faced golden construction, which could stand on its base. The monstrance was most often made of silver-gilt or other precious metal, and highly decorated. In the center of the sunburst, the monstrance normally has a small round glass the size of a host, through which the Blessed Sacrament can be seen. Behind this glass

2914-693: The latter years of the Great Depression , Argentina , Bolivia , Chile , Colombia , Costa Rica , El Salvador , Guatemala , Honduras , Mexico , Nicaragua , Panama , Peru , Canada , and the United States signed the Convention on the Pan-American Highway , whereby they agreed to achieve speedy construction, by all adequate means. Thirteen years later, in 1950, Mexico became the first Latin American country to complete its portion of

2976-453: The main Mexican route and its spurs, as well as to key routes in Canada that link to the Alaska Highway. These include the following: Several North American routes have names that make no direct reference to the Pan-American Highway, in part because some sections follow highways that are not up to full freeway standard. The official route of the Pan-American Highway through Mexico (where it

3038-435: The northern Andes. The 18th-century Jesuit historian Juan de Velasco described this confederation as a group of tribes ruled by the Duchicela dynasty. Huayna Capac took the princess Paccha as his wife and gave special treatment and social status privileges to the higher castes of these new subjects. The son of this alliance was Atahualpa , who served as the last king of the Inca. Following the Spanish invasion and conquest of

3100-479: The people with the Eucharist displayed in the monstrance). This blessing differs from the priest's blessing, as it is seen to be the blessing by Christ rather than that of the individual priest. The exposition of the monstrance during Benediction is traditionally accompanied by chanting or singing of the hymn Tantum Ergo . Monstrances are usually elaborate in design; most are carried by the priest. Others may be much larger fixed constructions, typically for displaying

3162-426: The reserved sacrament serves as a focal point of religious devotion. In many of them, during Eucharistic adoration, the celebrant displays the sacrament in the monstrance, typically on the altar . When not being displayed, the reserved sacrament is locked in a tabernacle (more common in Roman Catholicism) or aumbry (more common in the other traditions mentioned). In the service of benediction , (the priest blesses

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3224-460: The route follows Alaska Route 2 southeast to the Canada–United States border southeast of Northway , Alaska, and adjacent to the Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge . In Canada, no particular road has been officially designated as the Pan-American Highway. The National Highway System , which includes but is not limited to the Trans-Canada Highway , is the country's only official inter-provincial highway system. However, several Canadian highways are

3286-444: The second way. The second way goes to Calgary and the US border. In 1966, the U.S. Federal Highway Administration designated the entire Interstate Highway System as part of the Pan-American Highway System, but this has not been expressed in any of the official interstate signage. Of the many freeways that make up this very comprehensive system, several are notable because of their mainly north–south orientation and their links to

3348-409: The shores of Lake Managua . From Managua south to the town of Jinotepe is about 50 km (31 mi), and Jinotepe to the town of Rivas is about 70 km (43 mi). Around this area the Highway is in view of Lake Nicaragua , which is the largest lake in Central America. From Rivas to the Nicaragua-Costa Rica border is about 35 km (22 mi). In Costa Rica, the Pan-American Highway

3410-560: The southern tip of South America at Tierra del Fuego National Park , near Ushuaia, Argentina . Both Panama and Colombia, as well as environmentalists, are opposed to building a highway through the Darién Gap that separates the two continents. A Cuban proposal that was not carried out was to include a "circuito del Caribe" (Caribbean circuit). This would have expanded the highway to Puerto Juárez , Mexico ( Cancún ), and from there by ferry to Pinar del Río, Cuba , from there by road to Havana , and by ferry again to Key West , Florida , and

3472-444: The state of Chiapas where the Highway crosses the Continental Divide . From the Oaxaca-Chiapas state border, it is 160 km (99 mi) to the Chiapas state capital of Tuxtla Gutiérrez . The Highway then crosses the Mexico-Guatemala border at Ciudad Cuauhtémoc . The Pan-American (or Inter-American) highway passes through the Central American countries with the highway designation of CA-1 (Central American Highway 1). Belize

3534-436: The villages of Fireside and Coal River , then runs east parallel to the Liard River . The Pan-American Highway continues on B.C. Highway 97 as it passes through Toad River Post , and then Summit Lake, which is nested between Stone Mountain and Mount Saint George. Further down the road, B.C. Highway 97 intersects with B.C. Highway 77; the Pan-American Highway continues along B.C. 97 east to Fort Nelson . From Fort Nelson,

3596-492: The world. The Pan-American Highway continues south to Mexico City along two separate routes; historic Mexican Federal Highway 1 and toll Mexican Federal Highway 1D via Baja California Peninsula or Mexican Federal Highway 2 via the mainland. The Pan-American Highway (as Mexico Highway 85D) enters Mexico City, but downtown Mexico City can be bypassed using Mexico Highway 136 (a divided limited-access route) and Mexico Highway 115, which reconnects to Mexico Highway 95D south of

3658-471: Was abandoned in concept after the independence of Panama in 1903, when work on the canal began. The concept of building a highway, rather than a railroad, emerged at the Fifth International Conference of American States in 1923, after the automobile and other vehicles had begun to replace railroads for both passenger and goods transportation. The first conference regarding construction of the highway occurred on October 5, 1925. Finally, on July 29, 1937, in

3720-402: Was near a village named Cajabamba on the plains of San Antonio de Aguíscate. The city still retains much architecture from the Spanish colonial period. During the Ecuadorian War of Independence , Riobamba first declared independence on November 11, 1820, but was soon retaken by Crown forces. In 1822 the city became part of Gran Colombia , which gained independence from Spain that year. In 1830

3782-426: Was supposedly included in the route at one time, after it switched to driving on the right. Prior to independence, as British Honduras, it was the only Central American country to drive on the left side of the road. Upon crossing into Guatemala, Mexico Highway 190 becomes Central America Highway 1 and continues for about 80 km (50 mi) from the border village of La Mesilla to the city of Huehuetenango near

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3844-408: Was the Inter-American Highway to Panama City ; previously there were no roads, and little commerce between most Central American countries. There was no road between Costa Rica and Panama until, concerned about access to the Panama Canal in a war situation, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers began a highway in 1941. The third stage, which has not been completed and may never be, continues onward to

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