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30-601: Rioja or La Rioja may refer to: Rioja (wine) , a wine region in Spain with center in the autonomous community of La Rioja Places [ edit ] La Rioja , Spain, an autonomous community and province La Rioja (Congress of Deputies constituency) La Rioja (Senate constituency) University of La Rioja Etymology of La Rioja Rioja, Almería , Spain Rioja Province (Peru) Rioja District , one of

60-453: A derivative of carbonic maceration in which whole clusters are placed in large open vats and allowed to ferment inside the individual grape berries, without the addition of yeast , for a few days before they are crushed. In the 1960s, Bodegas Rioja Santiago developed the first bottled version of the wine punch Sangría , based on Rioja wine, and exhibited it at the 1964 New York World's Fair . An import subsidiary of Pepsi Cola purchased

90-429: A greater focus on singular vineyard sites. This amended system, similar to Burgundy grading, moves Rioja from being focused primarily on aging and oaking to a more all encompassing system inspecting the terroir of the wine – such as allowing labels to display the village or municipality of origin on the front label. The harvest ratings of the D.O.Ca. Rioja granted by its Regulating Council since its founding in 1926 are

120-400: Is determined as follows: Viura: 69.17%, Malvasia: 2.22%, Garnacha blanca: 3.61%, Tempranillo blanco: 12.48%, Maturana blanca: 0.58%, Verdejo: 5, 44%, Turruntés: 0.08%, Chardonnay: 2.49%, Sauvignon Blanc: 3.31% and others: 0.61%. The pruning consists in forming the stump with three arms and two thumbs in each arm. Each thumb will have two buds from which the shoots will sprout. The grape harvest

150-467: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Rioja (wine) Located on the western edge of the region and at higher elevations than the other areas, the Rioja Alta is known more for its "old world" style of wine. A higher elevation equates to a shorter growing season, which in turn produces brighter fruit flavors and a wine that is lighter on

180-509: Is done manually in the month of October. To ensure quality, the quantity is restricted to 6,500 kg / ha for red varieties and 9,000 kg / ha for white. Traditionally, Rioja wine has been made by assembling different types of grape varieties, although nowadays it is also very common to find monovarietal wines. In accordance with the Regulation of the D.O.Ca. Rioja (BOE-A-2004-1838410) and its latest modification (BOE-A-2009-895014),

210-467: Is marked by the Ebro River, its border with the neighboring autonomous community of La Rioja . The Sonsierra of La Rioja includes the municipalities of Ábalos and San Vicente de la Sonsierra , located north of the Ebro River. Although geographically part of the river's left bank, these municipalities form a wedge of land technically belonging to the autonomous community of La Rioja. It thus divides

240-479: Is one of seven comarcas that make up the province of Álava , Spain . It covers an area of 315.83 km² with a population of 11,360 people (2010). The capital lies at Laguardia . It is part of a notable wine growing region . The Rioja Alavesa's northern boundary is formed by the Sierra de Cantabria and Sierra de Toloño , mountain ranges that separate it from the rest of Álava. To the south, its geographical limit

270-494: Is separated into three subregions, Rioja Alta, Rioja Baja and Rioja Alavesa. Despite having a very similar climate as the Rioja Alta region, the Rioja Alavesa produces wines with a fuller body and higher acidity. Vineyards in the area have a low vine density with large spacing between rows. This is due to the relatively poor conditions of the soil with the vines needing more distance from each other and less competition for

300-580: Is set on the percentage that the wines must carry, which is why the production of single varietal wines of these grapes is allowed. On the contrary, in the foreign white varieties ( Chardonnay , Sauvignon blanc and Verdejo ) it is established that they can not be the predominant ones in the final composition of the wine. Therefore, if the varieties are indicated on the label, the autochthonous white variety (Viura, Garnacha blanca, Malvasía de Rioja, Maturana blanca, Tempranillo blanco or Turruntés) must always be listed first. The incorporation of these new varieties

330-886: The Middle Ages, this region belonged to the Kingdom of Navarre, the Sonsierra , which was eventually occupied and annexed to the Crown of Castile in 1463 as a result of Castile's intervention in the Kingdom of Navarre . The local economy is based primarily on viticulture and the production of Rioja wines, forming part of the Rioja denominación de origen . The region possesses 11,500 hectares of vineyards. La Rioja DOCa (Denominación de Origen Calificada, akin to AVA in US wine-growing regions)

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360-457: The Rioja Alavesa in two: in the western part, the municipality of Labastida , and the remaining Rioja Alavesa municipalities to the east, with Laguardia and Oion as its main towns. The border with Navarre to the east is not based on clearly defined geographical features like the aforementioned boundaries. The rivers within the area are all tributaries of the Ebro. In 2023 researchers examined

390-526: The Rioja. The traditional varieties authorized by the Regulating Council of the D.O.Ca. Rioja since its foundation in 1925 have been seven, four red and three white: In 2007, the Regulating Council of the D.O.Ca. Rioja authorized, for the first time since 1925, the incorporation of some additional varieties within the limits of the denomination, changes that were reflected in two modifications of

420-496: The Spanish Inquisition Pilar Rioja (born 1932), Mexican dancer Other uses [ edit ] All pages with titles beginning with Rioja All pages with titles containing Rioja 209083 Rioja , a minor planet named after the wine Submarine telecommunications cable systems RIOJA-1 , RIOJA-2 , RIOJA-3 . Rioja (moth) , a genus of Pyralidae moths Topics referred to by

450-543: The cost of the barrels increased many bodegas began to buy American oak planks and fashion them into barrels at Spanish cooperages in a style more closely resembling the French method. This included hand splitting the wood, rather than sawing, and allowing the planks time to dry and "season" in the outdoors versus drying in the kiln . In recent times, more bodegas have begun using French oak again and many will age wines in both American and French oak for blending purposes. In

480-480: The different types of wine must use the authorised varieties in the following proportions: The aging is carried out in 225-litre oak barrels for a period ranging from 1 to 3 years, and later in the bottle itself for a period of 6 months to 6 years. Depending on the time the wine remains in the barrel it is classified as: In 2018, the Regulating Council released new classification rules for Rioja, in an attempt to encourage championship of regional microclimates and put

510-593: The districts of Rioja Province Rioja, Peru , the capital of the Rioja Province La Rioja, Argentina La Rioja Province, Argentina , the province of which the Argentine city of La Rioja is the capital of. National University of La Rioja People [ edit ] Bernardino Bilbao Rioja (1895–1983), Bolivian military officer and politician Francisco de Rioja (1583–1659), Spanish poet, canon of Seville Cathedral, member of

540-469: The existing Regulation approved in 2004: BOE-A-2008-4991 and BOE -A-2009-8950, but this has been subject to subsequent amendment. The currently permitted additional varieties are the following: These new authorized varieties can only be planted in substitution, so as not to increase the vegetable mass of the Denomination. In the case of the new autochthonous varieties, both red and white, no limit

570-406: The following: A distinct characteristic of Rioja wine is the effect of oak aging. First introduced in the early 18th century by Bordeaux influenced winemakers, the use of oak and the pronounced vanilla flavors in the wines has been a virtual trademark of the region though some modern winemakers are experimenting with making wines less influenced by oak. Originally French oak was used but as

600-410: The norm was traditionally 2–5 years in oak. This created slightly oxidized wines with flavors of caramel , coffee, and roasted nuts that did not appeal to a large market of consumers with some of the more negative examples showing characteristics of rubber and petrol flavors. Today the focus of white wine makers has been to enhance the vibrancy and fruit flavors of the wine. Some winemakers utilize

630-401: The nutrients in the surrounding soil. On the slopes of the Sierra de Toloño , parts of the Rioja Alavesa may benefit from the cooler temperatures found at these higher altitudes. From most to least populous, the 15 municipalities of the region are: 42°33′11″N 2°36′12″W  /  42.55306°N 2.60333°W  / 42.55306; -2.60333 This article about a location in

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660-584: The palate. The region of Rioja Alavesa is in the province of Álava in the Basque Country , on the northern bank of the River Ebro . Despite sharing a similar climate as the Alta region, the Rioja Alavesa produces wines with a fuller body and higher acidity. Vineyards in the area have a low vine density with large spacing between rows. This is due to the relatively poor conditions of the soil with

690-675: The past, it was not uncommon for some bodegas to age their red wines for 15–20 years or even more before their release. One notable example of this the Marqués de Murrieta which released its 1942 vintage gran reserva in 1983 after 41 years of aging. Today most bodegas have shifted their winemaking focus to wines that are ready to drink sooner, with the top wines typically aging for 4–8 years prior to release, though some traditionalists still age longer. The typical bodega owns anywhere from 10,000 to 40,000 oak barrels. The use of oak in white wine has declined significantly in recent times when before

720-588: The remains of 338 individuals from a mass grave in a cave, dated to the late neolithic. They concluded many of those buried in the shallow grave showed signs of violent, unhealed injuries, the result of the first large-scale warfare in Europe. There are some dolmens and other archaeological remnants of the Middle-Late Bronze Age La Hoya people. The Romans established themselves in the area due to its climate and mountainous landscape. During

750-400: The rights to the wine and began marketing it worldwide. In Spain, wineries are commonly referred to as bodegas though this term may also refer to a wine cellar or warehouse. For quite some time, the Rioja wine industry has been dominated by local family vineyards and co-operatives that have bought the grapes and make the wine. Some bodegas would buy fermented wine from the co-ops and age

780-498: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Rioja . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rioja&oldid=1254533107 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description

810-423: The summer typically reach 35 °C (95 °F ). A number of the vineyards are actually located in nearby Navarra but the wine produced from those grapes belongs to the Rioja appellation. Unlike the typically pale Rioja wine, Oriental wines are very deeply coloured and can be highly alcoholic. They typically do not have much acidity or aroma and are generally used as blending components with wines from other parts of

840-520: The vines needing more distance from each other and less competition for the nutrients in the surrounding soil. Unlike the more continental climate of the Alta and Alavesa, the Rioja Oriental is strongly influenced by a Mediterranean climate which makes this area the warmest and driest of the Rioja. In the summer months, drought can be a significant viticultural hazard, though since the late 1990s irrigation has been permitted. Temperatures in

870-816: The wine to sell under their own label. In recent times there has been more emphasis on securing vineyard land and making estate bottled wines from the bodegas. Like most Spanish wine regions, Rioja is an integral part of Spanish culture and cuisine . In the town of Haro there is an annual Wine Festival that is noted for its Batalla de Vino where participants conduct a food fight of sorts with wine. 42°27′N 2°26′W  /  42.450°N 2.433°W  / 42.450; -2.433 Rioja Alavesa Rioja Alavesa ( Basque : Arabako Errioxa ), officially Cuadrilla de Laguardia-Rioja Alavesa, in Spanish, and Biasteri-Arabako Errioxako kuadrilla , in Basque,

900-615: Was made with the aim of recovering Rioja's viticultural heritage, in the case of autochthonous grapes, and to increase the competitiveness of Rioja whites in the international market, in the case of foreign white varieties. The area cultivated in 2018, in hectares, according to the grape varieties and by Autonomous Communities is as follows: As can be seen, red grapes represent 90.85% and white grapes represent 9.15%. The red grapes are distributed as follows: Tempranillo: 87.67%, Garnacha: 7.58%, Mazuelo: 2.07%, Graciano: 2.15%, Maturana tinta: 0.30% and others: 0.23%. The percentage among whites

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