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39-616: The hill of Ripatransone (whose name means "rock of Transone", Transone being a local feudal lord who founded the castle here) has been inhabited since prehistorical times, and was settled first by the Umbri and then the Piceni . After the Roman conquest it lost importance, regaining it in the Middle Ages when several castles were built here, being unified into a single town in 1096. In 1205 it

78-581: A large part of central Italy that now belongs to the Marche ; at the same time, it excluded the Sabine country (generally speaking, the area around modern Norcia ) and the right bank of the Tiber , which – being inhabited by Etruscans – formed part of Regio VII Etruria : for example Perusia (the modern Perugia ) and Orvieto (its ancient name is unknown), two Etruscan cities – were not part of Roman Umbria; on

117-736: A red background. The coat of arms is surmounted by the crown of the City and surrounded by laurel fronds, one of which is sometimes replaced by an oak branch. The hills represent the five traditional hills of the city: Belvedere, Monte Antico, Capodimonte, Roflano and Agello. The climate of Ripatransone is close to the Mediterranean: winters are colder and, although the hilly altitude limits the frequency of snowfalls, they occur more or less annually and can also be intense and lasting. Summers are generally cooler and more airy, with temperatures that are still quite high. After Ascoli Piceno , Ripatransone

156-582: A religious position named kvestur (cognate to or a borrowing of Latin Quaestor ). The Umbrian social structure was divided into distinct groups probably based upon military rank. During the reign of Augustus , four Umbrian aristocrats became senators. Emperor Nerva ’s family was from Umbria. According to Guy Jolyon Bradley, " The religious sites of the region have been thought to reveal a society dominated by agricultural and pastoral concerns, to which town life came late in comparison to Etruria." Throughout

195-641: A strategic battleground fought over by the Church, the Lombards and the Byzantines, and suffered consequently, becoming partitioned among them and disappearing from history. The modern use of "Umbria" is due to a renaissance of local identity in the 17th century. Before its defeat by and assimilation to the Romans, Umbria was an independent region organized al a loose confederation of towns whose inhabitants spoke

234-574: Is also celebrated in Jessup, PA, a town with a large number of immigrants from the Gubbio area, as Saint Ubaldo Day . While we have little direct information about ancient Umbrian political structure, it is fairly clear that two men held the supreme magistracy of uhtur and were responsible for supervising rituals. Other civic offices included the marone , which had a lower status than uhtur (closely related to Latin auctor whence English "author"), and

273-633: Is in Picenum . The strip of country "above" the Apennines, "extending as far as Ravenna ," is Gallia Togata. Thirteen towns are listed for it, which are south of the Po River , but are as far inland as Piacenza . This region is somewhat larger than the one of the same name in Augustus' time, comprising almost all of Emilia-Romagna . The towns are: Piacenza , Fidenza , Brescello , Parma , etc. For

312-430: Is the largest historical center of the province, and its monumental appearance derives from the importance of the city in the past. The town's layout is medieval , and there are numerous remains of ancient fortifications. The Corso Vittorio Emanuele cuts the village longitudinally for about a kilometer, flanked by tall noble palaces of various ages. Ripatransone Cathedral is a Roman Catholic cathedral and minor basilica in

351-553: Is the name for one of the 11 administrative regions into which the emperor Augustus divided Italy . The main source for the regions is the Historia Naturalis of Pliny the Elder , who informs his readers he is basing the geography of Italy on the descriptio Italiae , "division of Italy", made by Augustus. The Regio Sexta ("6th Region") is called Umbria complexa agrumque Gallicam citra Ariminium (" Umbria including

390-630: The Lombards and the Suebi , among the tribes of Northern Europe in the poem Widsith . Pliny the Elder wrote concerning the folk-etymology of the name: The Umbrian people are thought the oldest in Italy; they are believed to have been called Ombrii (here, "the people of the thunderstorm," after ὅμβρος, "thunderstorm") by the Greeks because they survived the deluge (literally "the inundation of

429-650: The Second Punic War . The Praetorian Guard recruited from Etruria and Umbria. The Umbri played a minor role in the Social War and as a result were granted citizenship in 90 BC. Roman veterans were settled in Umbria during the reign of Augustus. The Umbrians descend from the culture of Terni , protohistoric facies of southern Umbria. The towns of Chianciano and Clusium (Umbrian: Camars ) near modern Arezzo contain traces of Umbrian habitation dating to

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468-462: The Umbrian language . This circumstance prevailed in history during the early and middle Roman Republic . By the late republic, Umbria was part of Rome. The language was no longer generally spoken. Like any other region, over the centuries Region VI changed its borders. These changes are reflected in the writings of the imperial geographers. The sexta regio is described in some detail by Pliny

507-636: The 7th or 8th centuries BC. Terni (in Latin: Interamna Nahars ) was the first important Umbrian center. Its population was called with the name of Umbri Naharti . They were the largest, organized and belligerent tribe of the Umbrians and populated compactly across the basin of Nera River. This people is quoted 8 times in the Iguvine Tablets. Their importance is confirmed not only by the Iguvine Tablets and Latin historians, and by

546-504: The 9th-4th centuries BC, imported goods from Greece and Etruria were common, as well as the production of local pottery. The Romans first made contact with Umbria in 310 BC and settled Latin colonies there in 299 BC, 268 BC and 241 BC. They had completed their conquest of Umbria by approximately 260 BC. The Via Flaminia linking areas of Umbria was complete by 220 BC. Cities in Umbria also contributed troops to Rome for its many wars. Umbrians fought under Scipio Africanus in 205 BC during

585-569: The Abruzzo was the largest part of Gallia Togata, only that it was the largest part of the region settled by Sicilians and Liburnians. Similarly if Hadrianus is taken to be Adria in Veneto then Gallia Togata would appear to be a synonym for all Gallia Cisalpina . However, Veneto is not "this side of Rimini." Pliny states his belief that the Umbrians once held the north Adriatic coast, displacing Sicilians and Liburnians, and were in turn displaced by

624-617: The Celtic peoples, per se, has been found. Livy suggested that the Insubres , another Gaulish tribe, might be connected; their Celtic name Isombres could possibly mean "Lower Umbrians," or inhabitants of the country below Umbria. Similarly Roman historian Cato the Elder , in his masterpiece Origines , defines the Gauls as "the progenitors of the Umbri". The Ambrones are also mentioned, with

663-522: The Elder . Gallia Togata went along the northern Adriatic coast of Italy in Marche from Ancona to "this side of Rimini." The southernmost point of Gallia Togata is Ancona. He mentions the Aesis River ( Esino ) north of there, Senagallia (Sinigaglia), Pisaurum ( Pesaro ) and then Fanum ( Fano ) at the mouth of the Metaurus ( Metauro ) River. There follows a folk-etymologic statement concerning

702-642: The Etruscans. The Gauls expelled them. Romans colonized the Gallic coast to control it, hence "togata." For Umbria proper Pliny simply lists the settlements: Spello , Todi , Amelia , Attiglio, Assisi , Arna, Iesi , Camerino , Casuentillum, Carsulae , Dolates Sallentini, Foligno , Market of Flaminius, Market of Julius, Market Brenta, Fossombrone , Gubbio , Terni , etc. Ptolemy, 2nd century geographer, does not lump Gallia Togata together with Umbria, but describes them as separate regions. In Ptolemy, Ancona

741-531: The Gallic country this side of Rimini "). Umbria is named after an Italic people , the Umbri , who were gradually subjugated by the Romans in the 4th through the 2nd centuries BC. Although it passed the name on to the modern region of Umbria , the two coincide only partially. Roman Umbria extended from Narni in the South, northeastward to the neighborhood of Ravenna on the Adriatic coast, thus including

780-534: The Marche in general) woke up, until the city experienced a new youth. The factors that most influenced the renewed splendor of Ripatransone, whose population grew unceasingly, were the new impulse of agriculture and the investment in the education sector that made it an important center of studies. It was after the two world wars and the Fascist period that, thanks to the economic boom, the emigration and depopulation of

819-605: The area which saw the emergence of the Terni culture, which had strong similarities with the Celtic-speaking cultures of Hallstatt and La Tène . The Umbrian necropolis of Terni , which dates back to the 10th century BC, was virtually identical in every aspect to the Celtic necropolis of the Golasecca culture . During the 6th–4th centuries BC, Umbrian communities constructed rural sanctuaries in which they sacrificed to

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858-527: The city was founded by Dardanus in 847 BC. Perugia and Orvieto are not considered of Umbrian but Etruscan origin. According to the geographical distribution of the Umbrian territory, they are located on the left side of the Tiber River, which is part of the ancient Etruria. Umbri were on the opposite side of the river. According to the map of Regio Umbria and Ager Galliucus by Emperor Augustus ,

897-649: The contrary Sarsina , Plautus birthplace, was considered to be "in Umbria", while today it is in the modern province of Forlì-Cesena , in Emilia-Romagna . The importance of Umbria in Roman and medieval times was intimately bound up with the Via Flaminia , the consular road that supplied Rome and served as a military highway into and out of the City: for this reason once the Roman empire collapsed, Umbria became

936-405: The countryside caused a new sudden demographic collapse. Only from the end of the 20th century to the early years of the 21st, also thanks to the event of immigration from abroad, the municipality no longer loses its inhabitants and sees prospects of repopulation. The coat of arms consists of a shield depicting a silver lion passing through with a golden lily in the right front paw, on five necks in

975-579: The fourteenth and sixteenth centuries and a baptismal font in the shape of a chalice which is the oldest in Ripatransone. The narrowest alley in Italy is located in Ripatransone, a small town of a 4000 inhabitants in the province of Ascoli Piceno in the Marche region. This alley is situated in the Roflano area. The alley is 43 cm width but in some parts it narrows to 38 cm. However, in Italy there are no formal requirements for this status, thus,

1014-418: The gods. Bronze votives shaped as animals or deities were also offered. Umbrian deities include Feronia , Valentia, Minerva Matusia and Clitumnus . The Iguvine Tablets were discovered in 1444 at Scheggia , near Gubbio , Italy. Composed during the 2nd or 3rd centuries BC, they describe religious rituals involving animal sacrifice. The ancient sanctuary to Venus (or her Umbrian equivalent) at Hispellum

1053-469: The important and privileged role played by this city in Roman times, but also by the discovery, at the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries, of one of the larger mixed burial necropoleis (Urnfield culture and burial fields) in Europe, about 3000 tombs (Necropoli delle Acciaierie di Terni). Assisi , called Asisium by the Romans, was an ancient Umbrian site on a spur of Mount Subasio . Myth relates that

1092-752: The lands by thunderstorms, imbribus ). The Etruscans vanquished 300 Umbrian cities. Ancient Greek historians considered the Umbri as the ancestors of the Sabellian people, namely the Sabines and the Samnites , and the tribes which sprung from them, as the Marsi , Marrucini , Peligni , Picentes , Hirpini , and others. Their expansion was in a southward direction, according to the rite of Ver Sacrum . Lepontic inscriptions have also been found in Umbria , in

1131-403: The major Umbrian city-states were: Terni , Todi , Amelia and Spoleto (the current part of southern Umbria). A 2020 analysis of maternal haplogroups from ancient and modern samples indicated a substantial genetic similarity among the modern inhabitants of Umbria and the area's ancient pre-Roman inhabitants, and evidence of substantial genetic continuity in the region from pre-Roman times to

1170-506: The name might be a different way of writing the name of a northern European tribe, the Ambrones , and that both ethnonyms were cognate with "King of the Boii ". However, both Greek and Roman scholars sometimes conflated Celtic and Germanic peoples. The historical Ambrones originated in or around Jutland , were apparently a Germanic-speaking people, and no evidence that they had a connection to

1209-523: The name of the Umbri. People believe, he says, that they are named from the thunderstorms ( imbres ) of the deluge and therefore that they are the oldest people on Earth. (The ancient Greeks and Romans inherited a mythological tradition of a deluge independent of that of the Old Testament .) Some of his further statements appear to be equivocal, leading to some historical misidentification of Gallia Togata. He declares: "The largest part of this district

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1248-515: The palace and its art collection to the community. Since 1976 the building has been assigned to the new seat of the Civic Art Gallery. Umbri The Umbri were an Italic people of ancient Italy. A region called Umbria still exists and is now occupied by Italian speakers. It is somewhat smaller than the ancient Umbria . Most ancient Umbrian cities were settled in the 9th-4th centuries BC on easily defensible hilltops. Umbria

1287-481: The present with regard to mitochondrial DNA . Both modern and ancient Umbrians were found to have high rates of mtDNA haplogroups U4 and U5a, and an overrepresentation of J (at roughly 30%). The study also found that, "local genetic continuities are further attested to by six terminal branches (H1e1, J1c3, J2b1, U2e2a, U8b1b1 and K1a4a)" also shared by ancient and modern Umbrians. Regio VI Umbria Regio VI Umbria (also named Regio VI Umbria et Ager Gallicus )

1326-427: The street does not have an official recognition. This street was found in 1968, at that time it did not have a name. Palazzo Bonomi Gera Civic Museum overlooks Corso Vittorio Emanuele II. The palace was designed at the end of the 17th century by Luzio Bonomi (1669-1739). In 1963-1966, following the purchase by the magistrate Uno Gera, structural restoration interventions were carried out. In 1971, Uno Gera donated both

1365-521: The town of Ripatransone, province of Ascoli Piceno, region of Marche, Italy. It is located on Piazza Ascanio Condivi. The cathedral is dedicated to Saint Gregory the Great and to Saint Margaret. It was formerly the episcopal seat of the Diocese of Ripatransone but is now a co-cathedral in the Diocese of San Benedetto del Tronto-Ripatransone-Montalto. Romanesque , with a single nave, preserves paintings from

1404-602: Was a free commune , existing in particular rivalry with Fermo and against Francesco Sforza . In 1571 it was given the status of City and that of diocesan see by Pope Pius V . After the Renaissance it was part of the Papal States , becoming part of unified Italy in 1860. However, the Unification of Italy did not bring immediate benefits. Only after the conquest of Rome the economic and social life of Ripa (and

1443-500: Was an important sacred place for Umbrian tribes from the 3rd c. BC and the site was monumentalised in the Republican age (2nd-1st century BC). The modern Festival of Ceri, celebrated every year in Gubbio on May 15 in honor of Bishop Ubald or Ubaldo of Gubbio (1084-1160), shares certain features with the rites described in the 3rd c. BC Iguvine tables mentioned above, and so may be a survival of that ancient pre-Christian custom. It

1482-574: Was bordered by the Tiber and Nar rivers and included the Apennine slopes on the Adriatic. The ancient Umbrian language is a branch of a group called Oscan-Umbrian , which is related to the Latino-Faliscan languages . They are also called Ombrii in some Roman sources. Ancient Roman writers thought the Umbri to be of Gaulish origin; Cornelius Bocchus wrote that they were descended from an ancient Gaulish tribe. Plutarch wrote that

1521-478: Was occupied by Sicilians and Liburnians especially the territories of Palma, Praetutia and Adria." This Adria ( Hadrianus ) is Atri, Italy on the coast of Abruzzi south of Ancona. Praetutia is Interamnia Praetutia , capital city of the Petrutii. From Interamnea comes Teramo and from Praetutia comes Aprutium , later Abruzzo . The coast of Abruzzo was in Augustus' Region IV; however, Pliny does not say that

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