92-1024: Rudloff is a German surname. "Rudloff" derives the name Rudolf by metathesis . It combines the Old High German words "hruod" (meaning "fame" or "glory") and "wolf" (meaning " wolf "). Rudolph (name) For other uses, see Rudolph . Rudolph [REDACTED] King Rudolf the First of the German Habsburg Dynasty Pronunciation / r uː d ɒ l f / German: [ˈʁuːdɔlf] Gender Male Origin Word/name Indo-European Germanic Meaning "fame-wolf", "glory-wolf" Region of origin Germanic countries (Germany, England, Scotland,
184-650: A caron , ⟨č, š, ž⟩ , they are pronounced [tʃ] , [ʃ] and [ʒ] respectively. The letters ⟨ģ, ķ, ļ, ņ⟩ , written with a comma placed underneath (or above them for lowercase g ), which indicate palatalized versions of ⟨g, k, l, n⟩ representing the sounds [ɟ] , [c] , [ʎ] and [ɲ] . Latvian orthography also contains nine digraphs, which are written ⟨ai, au, ei, ie, iu, ui, oi, dz, dž⟩ . Non-standard varieties of Latvian add extra letters to this standard set. Latvian spelling has almost one-to-one correspondence between graphemes and phonemes. Every phoneme corresponds to
276-520: A dead key (usually ', occasionally ~). Some keyboard layouts use the modifier key AltGr (most notably the Windows 2000 and XP built-in layout (Latvian QWERTY), it is also default modifier in X11R6, thus a default in most Linux distributions). In the 1990s, lack of software support of diacritics caused an unofficial style of orthography, often called translits , to emerge for use in situations when
368-856: A 1952 science fiction short story by Jack Finney, which was later reported as a real person in an urban legend Rudolph "Rudy" Hatfield , American-Filipino retired professional basketball player Rudulph Evans , sculptor from Washington, D.C., who grew up in Virginia Rudolph Emmerich , German bacteriologist noted for his advances against cholera and his co-invention of the first antibiotic drug Pyocyanase with Oscar Löw Rudolf von Alt , Austrian landscape and architectural painter Rudolph "Rudy" Sikich , American National Football League player Rudolf Otto , German Lutheran theologian, philosopher, and comparative religionist Rudolph Edward Torrini , American artist best known for his sculptures, wood carvings and bronze public monuments in
460-597: A Writer to the Military Junta Rodolphe Lemieux , Canadian parliamentarian and long time Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada Rudolf Pleil , German serial killer Rudolf Spielmann (1883–1942), Austrian-Jewish chess player Rudolf Straeuli (born 1963), South African rugby player and coach Rudolf Völler (born 1960), German football player Rudolf Vrba (1924–2006), Slovak-Canadian professor of pharmacology and Jewish escapee of
552-486: A cedilla; and the postalveolars Š , Č and Ž are written with h replacing the háček , as in English. Sometimes the second letter, the one used instead of a diacritic, is changed to one of two other diacritic letters (e.g. š is written as ss or sj, not sh), and since many people may find it difficult to use these unusual methods, they write without any indication of missing diacritic marks, or they use digraphing only if
644-1101: A character in the animated television series Bob's Burgers Surname [ edit ] Athletes [ edit ] Ernie Rudolph (1909–2003), American baseball pitcher Gergely Rudolf (born 1985), Hungarian football player Jack Rudolph (American football) (1938–2019), American football player Jacques Rudolph (born 1981), South African cricketer Kyle Rudolph (born 1989), American football player Mason Rudolph (American football) (born 1995), American football player Mason Rudolph (golfer) (1934–2011), American golfer Nils Rudolph (born 1965), German freestyle swimmer Travis Rudolph (born 1995), American football player Wilma Rudolph (1940–1994), American Olympic athlete In film and television [ edit ] Alan Rudolph (born 1943), American film director and screenwriter Maya Rudolph (born 1972), American actress and comedian William Rudolph (died 1975), American film technician In science and technology [ edit ] Arthur Rudolph (1906–1996), German rocket scientist who helped develop
736-405: A child, Kuldi Medne, born in 2020 is reported to be a native speaker of Livonian. Her parents are Livonian language revival activists Jānis Mednis and Renāte Medne. The Latvian Government continued attempts to preserve the dialect following the restoration of independence in 1990 and currently it is learned by some people as a hobby. The Central dialect spoken in central and Southwestern Latvia
828-933: A classic Indo-European (Baltic) system with well developed inflection and derivation. Word stress, with some exceptions in derivation and inflection, more often is on the first syllable . There are no articles in Latvian; definiteness is expressed by an inflection of adjectives. Basic word order in Latvian is subject–verb–object ; however, word order is relatively free. There are two grammatical genders in Latvian (masculine and feminine) and two numbers , singular and plural. Nouns, adjectives, and declinable participles decline into seven cases: nominative , genitive , dative , accusative , instrumental , locative , and vocative . There are six declensions for nouns. There are three conjugation classes in Latvian. Verbs are conjugated for person, tense, mood and voice. Latvian in Latin script
920-458: A further eleven characters by modification. The vowel letters ⟨ a ⟩ , ⟨ e ⟩ , ⟨ i ⟩ and ⟨ u ⟩ can take a macron to show length, unmodified letters being short; these letters are not differentiated while sorting (e.g. in dictionaries). The letters ⟨ c ⟩ , ⟨ s ⟩ and ⟨ z ⟩ are pronounced [ts] , [s] and [z] respectively, while when marked with
1012-478: A language of its size, whereby many non-native speakers speak it compared to native speakers. The immigrant and minority population in Latvia is 700,000 people: Russians , Belarusians , Ukrainians , Poles , and others. The majority of immigrants settled in Latvia between 1940 and 1991; supplementing pre-existing ethnic minority communities ( Latvian Germans , Latvian Jews , Latvian Russians ). The trends show that
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#17327768587701104-603: A letter so that the reader can almost always pronounce words by putting the letters together. There are only two exceptions to this consistency in the orthography: the letters ⟨e, ē⟩ represent two different sounds: /ɛ æ/ and /ɛː æː/ . The second mismatch is that letter ⟨o⟩ indicates both the short and long [ɔ] , and the diphthong [uɔ] . These three sounds are written as ⟨o⟩ , ⟨ō⟩ and ⟨uo⟩ in Standard Latgalian , and some Latvians campaign for
1196-751: A place such as Lecropt (a Scottish parish) is likely to become Lekropta; the Scottish village of Tillicoultry becomes Tilikutrija. After the Soviet occupation of Latvia , the policy of Russification greatly affected the Latvian language. At the same time, the use of Latvian among the Latvians in Russia had already dwindled after the so-called 1937–1938 Latvian Operation of the NKVD , during which at least 16,573 ethnic Latvians and Latvian nationals were executed. In
1288-461: A radical vowel, a short vowel in the suffix, and vowel with a diacritic mark in the ending indicating two accents. Consonants were written using multiple letters following the example of German. The old orthography was used until the 20th century when modern orthography slowly replaced it. In late 1992, the official Latvian computing standard LVS 8-92 took effect. It was followed by LVS 24-93 (Latvian language support for computers) that also specified
1380-419: A result, the proportion of the ethnic Latvian population within the total population was reduced from 80% in 1935 to 52% in 1989. In Soviet Latvia, most of the immigrants who settled in the country did not learn Latvian. According to the 2011 census Latvian was the language spoken at home by 62% of the country's population. After the re-establishment of independence in 1991, a new policy of language education
1472-782: Is a standard language , i.e., the Standard Latgalian, another historic variety of Latvian, which is based on deep non-Selonic varieties spoken in the south of Latgale . The term "Latgalic" is sometimes also applied to all non-Selonic varieties or even the whole dialect. However, it is unclear if using the term for any varieties besides the standard language is accurate. While the term may refer to varieties spoken in Latgale or by Latgalians , not all speakers identify as speaking Latgalic, for example, speakers of deep Non-Selonic varieties in Vidzeme explicitly deny speaking Latgalic. It
1564-1761: Is a male first name, and, less commonly, a surname. It is an ancient Germanic name deriving from two stems: Hrōþi , Hruod , Hróðr or Hrōð , meaning "fame", "glory" "honour", "renown", and olf meaning "wolf" (Hrōþiwulfaz). In other languages [ edit ] Afrikaans : Roelof, Rudolf Albanian : Rudolf Arabic : رُودُلْف , romanized : rūdulf Armenian : Ռուդոլֆ (Rudolf) Catalan : Rodolf Croatian : Rudolf Czech : Rudolf Danish : Rudolf Dutch : Roelof, Rudolf, Ruud English : Rudolph, Rodolph, Rolph Estonian : Rudo, Ruudo, Ruudolf Finnish : Ruuto, Ruutolffi Flemish : Roel French : Rodolphe, Raoul Georgian : რუდოლფ (Rudolp) German : Rudolf, Rolf, Rudloff, diminutive: Rudi Greek : Ροδόλφος (Rhodólphos), Ράλλης (Rhálles) Hebrew : רודולף (Rudolf) Hungarian : Rudolf Indonesian : Rudolf Italian : Rodolfo Japanese :ルドルフ (Rudorufu), ルド (Rudo), ルディ (Rudi) Latin : Rudolphus Latvian : Rūdolfs , Rūdis Lithuanian : Rudolfas, Rudas Manx : Roolwer Norwegian : Rudolf Polish : Rudolf Portuguese : Rodolfo Russian : Рудольф (Rudolf) Serbian : Rudolf (Рудолф) Slovak : Rudolf Slovene : Rudolf Spanish : Rodolfo Swedish : Rudolf Given name [ edit ] Royalty and nobility [ edit ] Rudolph, Count of Ponthieu (died 866) Rudolph II of Burgundy (880–937) Rudolph of France (c. 890–936), reigned 923–936 Rudolf of Rheinfelden (1025–1080), Duke of Swabia Rudolph II, Count of Habsburg (died 1232) Rudolf I of Germany (1218–1291) Rudolf II, Duke of Austria (1270–1290) Rudolph I of Bohemia (1281–1307) Rudolf II, Count Palatine of
1656-529: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Latvian language Latvian ( endonym : latviešu valoda , pronounced [ˈlatviɛʃu ˈvaluɔda] ), also known as Lettish , is an East Baltic language belonging to the Indo-European language family and it is spoken in the Baltic region . It is the language of Latvians and the official language of Latvia as well as one of
1748-686: Is divided into the Vidzeme variety and the Courland variety (also called tāmnieku ). There are two syllable intonations in the Livonic dialect, extended and broken. In the Livonic dialect, short vowels at the end of words are discarded, while long vowels are shortened. In all numbers, only one form of the verb is used. Due to migration and the introduction of a standardised language, this dialect has declined. It arose from assimilated Livonians , who started to speak in Latvian. Although initially its last native speaker, Grizelda Kristiņa , died in 2013,
1840-789: Is one of the founding members of The Isley Brothers Rudolf Schenker (born 1948), German guitarist and founding member of heavy metal band Scorpions Rudolph Lewis , British bass-baritone Rudolf Fischer , German musician Wage Rudolf Supratman (1903–1938), Indonesian songwriter, and the composer who wrote both the melodies and lyric of the anthem Indonesia Raya Rudolf Kuki (1944 - 2013), violin and guitar player from Slovakia Rudolf Kuki (born 1971), oboe, saxophone and piano player from Slovakia Rudolf Kuki (born 2006), singer, pianist and Hammond organist from Slovakia Political figures [ edit ] Rudolf Anschober (born 1960), Austrian politician Rudolf von Auerswald , German official who served as Prime Minister of Prussia during
1932-479: Is pronounced as /sː/ , šs and žs as /ʃː/ . Latvian has six vowels, with length as distinctive feature: /ɔ ɔː/ , and the diphthongs involving it other than /uɔ/ , are confined to loanwords. Latvian also has 10 diphthongs , four of which are only found in loanwords ( /ai ui ɛi au iɛ uɔ iu (ɔi) ɛu (ɔu)/ ), although some diphthongs are mostly limited to proper names and interjections. Standard Latvian and, with some exceptions in derivation and inflection, all of
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#17327768587702024-418: Is spoken by approximately 15% of Latvia's population, but almost all of its speakers are also fluent in the standard Latvian language and they promote the dialect in popular culture in order to preserve their distinct culture. The Latvian Government since 1990 has also taken measures to protect the dialect from extinction. The history of the Latvian language (see below) has placed it in a peculiar position for
2116-492: Is taught as a second language in the initial stages too, as is officially declared, to encourage proficiency in that language, aiming at avoiding alienation from the Latvian-speaking linguistic majority and for the sake of facilitating academic and professional achievements. Since the mid-1990s, the government may pay a student's tuition in public universities only provided that the instruction is in Latvian. Since 2004,
2208-728: Is the basis of standard Latvian. The dialect is divided into the Vidzeme variety, the Curonic variety and the Semigallic variety. The Vidzeme variety and the Semigallic variety are closer to each other than to the Curonic variety, which is more archaic than the other two. There are three syllable intonations in some parts of Vidzeme variety of the Central dialect, extended, broken and falling. The Curonic and Semigallic varieties have two syllable intonations, extended and broken, but some parts of
2300-484: The Governorate of Courland and 563,829 (43.4%) speakers of Latvian in the Governorate of Livonia , making Latvian-speakers the largest linguistic group in each of the governorates. After the death of Alexander III at the end of the 19th century, Latvian nationalist movements re-emerged. In 1908, Latvian linguists Kārlis Mīlenbahs and Jānis Endzelīns elaborated the modern Latvian alphabet, which slowly replaced
2392-643: The Latgale and Riga regions it is spoken as a native language in villages and towns by over 90% of the population. As a Baltic language , Latvian is most closely related to neighboring Lithuanian (as well as Old Prussian , an extinct Baltic language); however, Latvian has followed a more rapid development. In addition, there is some disagreement whether Standard Latgalian and Kursenieki , which are mutually intelligible with Latvian, should be considered varieties or separate languages . However, in Latvian linguistics, such hypotheses have been rejected as non-scientific. Latvian first appeared in print in
2484-687: The National Football League (NFL) Rudolf Wanderone , American professional billiards player, also known as "Minnesota Fats" Rudolph A. Peterson , American banker who served as the President and CEO of Bank of America and Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme Rodolfo Walsh , Argentine writer and journalist of Irish descent, considered the founder of investigative journalism, known for his Open Letter from
2576-614: The Uppsala University Library . The first person to translate the Bible into Latvian was the German Lutheran pastor Johann Ernst Glück ( The New Testament in 1685 and The Old Testament in 1691). The Lutheran pastor Gotthard Friedrich Stender was a founder of Latvian secular literature. He wrote the first illustrated Latvian alphabet book (1787), the first encyclopedia " The Book of High Wisdom of
2668-749: The Windows-1252 coding, it is possible to input those two letters using a numerical keypad . Latvian language code for cmd and .bat files - Windows-1257 For example, the Lord's Prayer in Latvian written in different styles: Consonants in consonant sequences assimilate to the voicing of the subsequent consonant , e.g. a p gabals [ˈa b ɡabals] or la b s [ˈla p s] . Latvian does not feature final-obstruent devoicing . Consonants can be long (written as double consonants) mamma [ˈmamːa] , or short. Plosives and fricatives occurring between two short vowels are lengthened: upe [ˈupːe] . Same with 'zs' that
2760-407: The "Best word", "Worst word", "Best saying" and " Word salad ". In 2018 the word zibmaksājums ( instant payment ) won the category of "Best word" and influenceris ( influencer ) won the category of "Worst word". The word pair of straumēt ( stream ) and straumēšana (streaming) were named the best words of 2017, while transporti as an unnecessary plural of the name for transport
2852-614: The 13th century after the Livonian Crusade and forced christianization , which formed a unified political, economic, and religious space in Medieval Livonia . The oldest known examples of written Latvian are from a 1530 translation of a hymn made by Nikolaus Ramm [ lv ] , a German pastor in Riga . The oldest preserved book in Latvian is a 1585 Catholic catechism of Petrus Canisius currently located at
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2944-469: The 1941 June deportation and the 1949 Operation Priboi , tens of thousands of Latvians and other ethnicities were deported from Latvia. Massive immigration from Russian SFSR , Ukrainian SSR , Byelorussian SSR , and other republics of the Soviet Union followed, primarily as a result of Stalin's plan to integrate Latvia and the other Baltic republics into the Soviet Union through colonization . As
3036-1386: The American animation team Harman and Ising, known for founding the Warner Bros. and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animation studios and creating the Looney Tunes Rudolf Jugert , German film director Rudolph G. Kopp (1887–1972), Austrian composer Rudolf Platte , German actor Rudolf Prack , Austrian actor Rudolph Valentino (1895–1926), Italian silent film actor Rudolph Walker (born 1939), British actor Rudolf Noelte , German film director, theater director and opera director Rudy Wurlitzer (born 1937), American novelist and screenwriter Rudolf Bernhard (1901–1962), Swiss actor and theater director Rudolf Meinert , Austrian screenwriter, film producer and director Rudolf Hrušínský (1920–1994), Czech actor Rudolf Zehetgruber (1926–2023), Austrian film director, producer, screenwriter and actor Ruedi Walter (1916–1990), Swiss comedian and actor In science and technology [ edit ] Ralph H. Baer (Rudolf Heinrich Baer) (1922–2014), German-American video game pioneer, inventor, engineer Rudolf Rudy Ballieux (1930–2020), Dutch immunologist Rudolph Boysen (1895–1950), American horticulturist, creator of
3128-863: The Auschwitz concentration camp Rudolf Poch , Austrian doctor, anthropologist, and ethnologist Rudolph "Rudy" LaRusso (1927–2004), American basketball player Rudolph Arvid Peterson (1904–2003), former president and CEO of Bank of America Rudolf Zistler , Austro-Hungarian socialist and lawyer Preston Rudolph "Rudy" York , American Major League Baseball player Rudolph Wurlitzer (1831–1914) German American businessman, founder of The Rudolph Wurlitzer Company de:Rudolf Wacker , Austrian painter Rudolf Zwirner (born 1933), German art dealer Rudolf Koch (1876–1934), German type designer Rodolfo "Rudy" Fernández y Farrés , Spanish basketball player Rudolph Gerhardus Snyman , South African rugby union player Fictional [ edit ] Rudolph
3220-609: The Austro-Hungarian 3rd army during the Battle of Galicia Karl Rudolf Gerd von Rundstedt , German field marshal in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany Rudolf Berthold (1891–1920), German World War I air ace Rudolph Douglas Raiford , American World War II combat officer Rudolf Christoph Freiherr von Gersdorff , German army officer who attempted to assassinate Adolf Hitler by suicide bombing on 21 March 1943, leader of
3312-861: The Austro-Hungarian Empire during World War I Rudolph Lambart, 10th Earl of Cavan , British Army officer and Chief of the Imperial General Staff Rodolfo Graziani , prominent Italian military officer in the Kingdom of Italy's Regio Esercito (Royal Army) and the Minister of National Defence of the Italian Social Republic Rudolph B. Davila , United States Army officer who received the Medal of Honor for his heroic actions in
3404-750: The BBC Rudolf Carl , Austrian actor Rudolf Christians , German actor Rudolf Icsey (1905–1986), Hungarian cinematographer Rodolfo "Rudy" Mancuso , American actor, Internet personality and musician most notable for his comedic videos on YouTube and previously on Vine Rudolf Martin , German actor working mainly in the United States Rudolph Mate , Polish-Hungarian-American cinematographer, film director and film producer Rudolf "Ruud" Kleinpaste , Dutch-New Zealand naturalist and TV host Rudolph Schildkraut , Austrian film and theatre actor Rudolf Ising , member of
3496-456: The CDU (Christian Democratic Union) party Rudolph G. Tenerowicz , American politician from the U.S. state of Michigan Rudolf "Rudi" Vis , Dutch-born British politician and Member of Parliament Middle name [ edit ] Charles Rudolph Walgreen Jr. , president of Walgreens and the chairman of the board Gerald Rudolph Ford , American politician who served as the 38th president of
3588-684: The Danzig Anatomical Institute during World War II who set up a process to produce soap made from human corpses Rudolf Rahn , Nazi German politician and Plenipotentiary to the Italian Social Republic Multi-fields [ edit ] Rudolf Steiner , Austrian philosopher, social reformer, architect, and esotericist Literature [ edit ] Rudolf G. Binding , German writer and supporter of Hitler Rūdolfs Blaumanis , Latvian writer, journalist and playwright, considered one of
3680-612: The District of Columbia Rudolph "Rudy" J. Castellani Jr. , American professor of pathology and Director of Neuropathology at the University of Maryland Rudolf Dassler , German Businessman known for German Sportswear Company Puma Rudolph B. Davila , United States army officer Rudolf Hrubý (1954-2023), Slovak businessman Rudolph Weaver , American architect, university professor and administrator Rudolf "Rudi" Assauer , German football manager and player Rudolf Abel,
3772-701: The European theatre during World War II Rudolph Bierwirth , General officer in the Australian Army Rudolf Anderson (1927–1962), U.S. Air Force pilot and first recipient of the Air Force Cross Rudolf von Bünau , German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II and one of the chief commanders of Vienna Offensive Rudolf von Brudermann , general of Austria-Hungary during the First World War who led
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3864-491: The House of Habsburg-Lorraine Rudolf Baláž (1940–2011). Slovak Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Banská Bystrica from 1990 until his death in 2011 Rudolph Grossman (1867–1927), Austrian-American rabbi Wartime figures and military leaders [ edit ] Rudolf Freiherr Stöger-Steiner von Steinstätten , Colonel-General in the Austro-Hungarian army, the last Imperial Minister for War to
3956-941: The Kalman filter Rudolf Jaenisch (born 1942), German biologist, Professor of Biology at MIT and a founding member of the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research Rudolf Ernst Brünnow (1858–1917), German-American orientalist and philologist Rudolph John Anderson (1879–1961), American biochemist Rudolph A. Marcus (born 1923), Canadian Nobel Prize-winning chemist Rudolf Robert Maier (1824–1888), German pathologist Rudolf Simek (born 1954), Austrian Germanist and philologian Rudolf Jakob Camerarius (1665–1721), German botanist Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902), German physician and biologist Rudolf Wolf (1816–1893), Swiss astronomer and mathematician Rudolf Peierls (1907–1995), British physicist Rudolf Wagner (1805–1864), German anatomist and physiologist and
4048-417: The Latvian dialects have fixed initial stress. Long vowels and diphthongs have a tone, regardless of their position in the word. This includes the so-called "mixed diphthongs" composed of a short vowel followed by a sonorant . During the period of Livonia , many Middle Low German words such as amats (profession), dambis (dam), būvēt (to build) and bikses (trousers) were borrowed into Latvian, while
4140-454: The Latvian language phonemically. Initially, it was used to write religious texts for German priests to help them in their work with Latvians. The first writings in Latvian were chaotic: twelve variations of writing Š . In 1631 the German priest Georg Mancelius tried to systematize the writing. He wrote long vowels according to their position in the word – a short vowel followed by h for
4232-691: The Ministry of Justice. To counter the influence of English , government organizations (namely the Terminology Commission of the Latvian Academy of Science and the State Language Center) popularize the use of Latvian terms. A debate arose over the Latvian term for euro . The Terminology Commission suggested eira or eirs , with their Latvianized and declinable ending, would be a better term for euro than
4324-1122: The Netherlands [REDACTED] Name list This page or section lists people that share the same given name . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rudolph_(name)&oldid=1259765697 " Categories : Given names German masculine given names Dutch masculine given names Norwegian masculine given names Swedish masculine given names Danish masculine given names Icelandic masculine given names Czech masculine given names Slovak masculine given names Croatian masculine given names Slovene masculine given names English masculine given names Masculine given names Surnames from given names Hidden categories: Pages with German IPA Articles containing French-language text Articles containing Spanish-language text Articles containing Arabic-language text Articles with short description Short description
4416-401: The Netherlands, Scandinavian region) Other names Derived Hrōþiwulfaz Related names Rudy (Nickname), Rodolfo , Ridolfo, Rolf , Ralph , Raul , Raoul , Rūdolfs See also Robert , Roland , Roger , Rose , Roderick , Rodney , Raymond Rudolph or Rudolf ( French : Rodolphe or Raoul , Italian , Portuguese and Spanish : Rodolfo ) or Rodolphe
4508-623: The Red-Nosed Reindeer , fictional character created by Robert L. May in 1939 Rudolf, a character from 2016 animated film Rudolf the Black Cat Rudolf, Emperor of Rigel in the game Fire Emblem Rudolph "Lightning" Jackson, a character from Total Drama: Revenge of the Island Rudolph "Rudy" Holiday, a character in the 2018 role-playing video game Deltarune Rudolph "Regular Sized Rudy" Stieblitz,
4600-626: The Revolution of 1848 Rudolph "Rudy" Boschwitz , American politician and former Independent-Republican United States Senator from Minnesota Rudolf "Rudy" Andeweg , Dutch political scientist Rudolph Blankenburg , businessman and manufacturer, who became a politician and elected mayor of Philadelphia Rudolf Buttmann , German politician and diplomat Rudolph "Rudy" Giuliani (born 1944), American lawyer, businessman, former politician, and public speaker, Mayor of New York City from 1994 to 2001 Rudolf Gnägi , Swiss politician and member of
4692-551: The Rhine (1306–1353) Rudolph, Duke of Lorraine (1320–1346) Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria (1339–1365) Rudolph II, Holy Roman Emperor (1552–1612) Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria (1858–1889), son and heir of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria and Empress Elisabeth of Austria (died at Mayerling) Religious figures [ edit ] Rudolf of Fulda , 9th-century monk, writer and theologian Rudolf von Habsburg-Lothringen (1788–1831), Archbishop of Olomouc and member of
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#17327768587704784-574: The St. Louis area, including "The Immigrants", "The Union Soldier," and "Martin Luther King" Rudolf "Rudi" Skácel , Czech footballer Rudolf Steiner , Austrian philosopher, social reformer, architect and esotericist Rudolph Fisher , African-American physician, radiologist, novelist, short story writer, dramatist, musician, and orator Rudolph "Rudy" Johnson , former American football player who played for San Francisco 49ers and Atlanta Falcons of
4876-841: The Swiss Federal Council Rudolf E. A. Havenstein , German lawyer and president of the Reichsbank (German central bank) during the hyperinflation of 1921–1923 Rudolph K. Hynicka , American politician who led the Republican party in Cincinnati, Ohio Rudolf Katz , German politician and judge Rudolph King , American politician who served as member of Massachusetts House of Representatives Rudolf Kirchschläger , Austrian diplomat, politician and judge, eighth President of Austria Rudolf Kjellén , Swedish political scientist and politician who first coined
4968-584: The United States Dancers [ edit ] Rudolf von Laban (1879–1958), Austrian choreographer Rudolf Nureyev (1938–1993), Soviet-born dancer Other [ edit ] Rodolph Austin , Jamaican professional footballer Rudolf Bahro , dissident from East Germany Rudolf Caracciola , German racing driver Rudolph Contreras , United States District Judge of the United States District Court for
5060-676: The United States Kevin Rudolf (born 1983), American musician, singer-songwriter and music producer Other [ edit ] Albert Rudolph , birth name of Swami Rudrananda, American entrepreneur and spiritual teacher Eric Rudolph (born 1966), American serial murderer and terrorist Julia Ann Rudolph (c. 1820–c. 1890), American photographer Paul Rudolph (architect) (1918–1997), American architect Vernon Rudolph (1915–1973), American businessman, founder of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts, Inc v t e Family names derived from
5152-757: The United States Ambassador to Senegal, Gambia, and Romania Rudolf Smend , German theologian Rudolph A. Marcus , Canadian-born chemist who received the 1992 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems Rudolf Robert Maier , German pathologist Rudolph "Bingo" Kampman , Canadian ice hockey defenceman in the NHL Rudolf Baumbach , German poet Rudolph A. Herold , American architect Rudolf "Rudi" Hess , American fine art painter, sculptor and art critic, who
5244-513: The V-2 and the Saturn V Emanuel David Rudolph (1927–1992), American botanist, lichenologist, and historian of botany In music [ edit ] Anna Lemmer Badenhorst Rudolph (1924-1995), South African composer and author Jean-Joseph Rodolphe (1730–1812), French horn player, violinist and composer. Max Rudolf (conductor) (1902–1995), German conductor who spent most of his career in
5336-645: The Vidzeme variety has extended and falling intonations. In the Curonic variety, ŗ is still used. The Kursenieki language , a historic variety of Latvian, which used to be spoken along Curonian Spit , is closely related to the varieties of the Central dialect spoken in Courland . High Latvian dialect is spoken in Eastern Latvia. It is set apart from the rest of the Latvian by a number of phonological differences. The dialect has two main varieties – Selonic (two syllable intonations, falling and rising) and Non-Selonic (falling and broken syllable intonations). There
5428-611: The Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II Rodolfo P. Hernández , United States Army soldier Rudolf Perešin , Croatian fighter pilot serving in the Yugoslav Air Force (JRZ) during Croatian War of Independence Rudolf Toussaint , German army officer, one of the principal commanders of Prague uprising Rudolf Meister , German general in the Luftwaffe during World War II Rudolf Maister (1874–1934) Slovene military officer, poet and political activist, one of
5520-435: The World and Nature [ lv ] " ( Augstas gudrības grāmata no pasaules un dabas ; 1774), grammar books and Latvian–German and German–Latvian dictionaries. Until the 19th century, the Latvian written language was influenced by German Lutheran pastors and the German language , because Baltic Germans formed the upper class of local society. In the middle of the 19th century the First Latvian National Awakening
5612-412: The adoption of this system in standard Latvian. However, Latvian grammarians argue that ⟨o⟩ and ⟨ō⟩ are found only in loanwords, with the /uɔ/ sound being the only native Latvian phoneme. The digraph ⟨uo⟩ was discarded in 1914, and the letters ⟨ō⟩ and ⟨ŗ⟩ have not been used in the official Latvian language since 1946. Likewise,
SECTION 60
#17327768587705704-540: The alias of Vilyam Genrikhovich Fisher (1903–1971), a Russian spy Rudolf Amelunxen , German politician of the Zentrum and the 1st Minister President of North Rhine-Westphalia Rudolf Minkowski , American astronomer Rudolf Dreikurs , Austrian psychiatrist and educator Rudolf "Rudi" Dutschke , spokesperson of the 1960s German student movement Rudolf "Rudi" Fischer , Swiss racing driver Rodolfo "Corky" Gonzales , Mexican American boxer, poet, and political activist Rudolph Walton, American merchant after whom
5796-603: The boysenberry Rudolf Clausius , German physicist and mathematician Rudolf Diesel (1858–1913), German inventor of the diesel engine Rudolf Erren (1899-unk.), German hydrogen-engine pioneer Rudolf Hauschka (1891–1969), Austrian chemist, author, inventor, entrepreneur and anthroposophist Rudolf Leuckart (1822–1898), German zoologist Rudolf Fleischmann (1903–2002), German experimental nuclear physicist Rudolf Kochendörffer (1911–1980), German mathematician Rudolf E. Kálmán (1930–2016), Hungarian-born American electrical engineer, mathematician, and inventor of
5888-449: The country's only official language and other changes in the society after the fall of the Soviet Union that mostly shifted linguistic focus away from Russian . As an example, in 2007, universities and colleges for the first time received applications from prospective students who had a bilingual secondary education in schools for minorities. Fluency in Latvian is expected in a variety of professions and careers. Latvian grammar represents
5980-448: The diacritic mark in question would make a semantic difference. Sometimes an apostrophe is used before or after the character that would properly need to be diacriticised. Also, digraph diacritics are often used and sometimes even mixed with diacritical letters of standard orthography. Although today there is software support available, diacritic-less writing is still sometimes used for financial and social reasons. As š and ž are part of
6072-423: The digraph ⟨ch⟩ was discarded in 1957, although ⟨ō⟩ , ⟨ŗ⟩ , and ⟨ch⟩ are still used in some varieties and by many Latvians living beyond the borders of Latvia. The letter ⟨y⟩ is used only in Standard Latgalian, where it represents / ɨ / , a sound not present in other dialects. The old orthography was based on German and did not represent
6164-612: The discoverer of the germinal vesicle Musicians [ edit ] Rudolf Friml (1879–1972), American composer and pianist Rudolf Baumgartner , Swiss conductor and violinist Rudolf Bing (1902–1997), Austrian-American opera impresario fr:Rodolphe Burger , French composer Rudolf Friml (1879–1972), composer of operettas, musicals songs and piano pieces, and a pianist Rudolph Ganz , Swiss-born American pianist, conductor, composer, and music educator Rodolfo "Fito" Páez (born 1963), Argentine singer-songwriter Rudolph Isley (1939–2023), American singer-songwriter and
6256-638: The greatest writers in Latvian history and particularly a master of realism Rudolf Christoph Eucken (1846–1926), German philosopher Rudolf Fischer , German writer Rudolf Löwenstein , German writer Rudolf Arapović (1937–2007), Croatian Writer and Dissident Movie industry [ edit ] Rudolph Anders , American actor Rudolph Sternad , American art director and production designer Rudolf Buitendach , South African born film director and editor Rudolph Cartier , Austrian television director, filmmaker, screenwriter and producer who worked predominantly in British television, exclusively for
6348-617: The hypothetical proto-Baltic language ) between 400 and 600 CE. The differentiation between Lithuanian and Latvian started after 800 CE. At a minimum, transitional dialects existed until the 14th century or 15th century, and perhaps as late as the 17th century. Latvian as a distinct language emerged over several centuries from the language spoken by the ancient Latgalians assimilating the languages of other neighboring Baltic tribes— Curonian , Semigallian , and Selonian —which resulted in these languages gradually losing their most distinct characteristics. This process of consolidation started in
6440-409: The leaders of Beer Hall Putsch, best known for his solo flight to Scotland Rudolf Höss (1900–1947), German Nazi first commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp Rudolf Lange , Nazi German SS officer and one of the major perpetrators of the Holocaust, commander of Salaspils concentration camp, one of the leading perpetrators of Jelgava massacre and Rumbula massacre Rudolf Spanner , Director of
6532-435: The leading perpetrators of Marburg's Bloody Sunday, one of the principal commanders of Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia Nazis [ edit ] Rudolf Diels , German Nazi SS official and Director of German secret police Gestapo from 1933 to 1934 Rudolf Brandt (1909–1948), German Nazi SS officer and leader of the Jewish skull collection project Rudolf Hess (1894–1987), Deputy Führer in Nazi Germany, one of
6624-514: The mid-16th century with the reproduction of the Lord's Prayer in Latvian in Sebastian Münster 's Cosmographia universalis (1544), in Latin script . Latvian belongs to the Indo-European language family. It is classified as a part of the Baltic branch of the family. It is one of two living Baltic languages with an official status, the other being Lithuanian . The Latvian and Lithuanian languages have retained many features of
6716-484: The native Latvian word for "computer" is skaitļotājs , which is also an official term. However, now dators has been considered an appropriate translation, skaitļotājs is also used. There are several contests held annually to promote the correct use of Latvian. One of them is "Word of the year" ( Gada vārds ) organized by the Riga Latvian Society since 2003. It features categories such as
6808-632: The nominal morphology of Proto-Indo-European , though their phonology and verbal morphology show many innovations (in other words, forms that did not exist in Proto-Indo-European), with Latvian being considerably more innovative than Lithuanian. However, Latvian has mutual influences with the Livonian language . According to some glottochronological speculations, the East Baltic languages split from West Baltic (or, perhaps, from
6900-484: The official languages of the European Union . There are about 1.5 million native Latvian speakers in Latvia and 100,000 abroad. Altogether, 2 million, or 80% of the population of Latvia, spoke Latvian in the 2000s, before the total number of inhabitants of Latvia slipped to 1.8 million in 2022. Of those, around 1.16 million or 62% of Latvia's population used it as their primary language at home, though excluding
6992-510: The old orthography used before. Another feature of the language, in common with its sister language Lithuanian, that was developed at that time is that proper names from other countries and languages are altered phonetically to fit the phonological system of Latvian, even if the original language also uses the Latin alphabet. Moreover, the names are modified to ensure that they have noun declension endings, declining like all other nouns. For example,
7084-686: The period of Swedish Livonia brought loanwords like skurstenis (chimney) from Swedish . It also has loanwords from the Finnic languages , mainly from Livonian and Estonian . There are about 500 to 600 borrowings from Finnic languages in Latvian, for example: māja ‘house’ (Liv. mōj ), puika ‘boy’ (Liv. pūoga ), pīlādzis ‘mountain ash’ (Liv. pī’lõg ), sēne ‘mushroom’ (Liv. sēņ ). Loanwords from other Baltic language include ķermenis (body) from Old Prussian , as well as veikals (store) and paģiras (hangover) from Lithuanian . The first Latvian dictionary Lettus compiled by Georg Mancelius
7176-480: The proficiency of Latvian among its non-native speakers is gradually increasing. In a 2009 survey by the Latvian Language Agency 56% percent of respondents with Russian as their native language described having a good knowledge of Latvian, whereas for the younger generation (from 17 to 25 years) the number was 64%. The increased adoption of Latvian by minorities was brought about by its status as
7268-540: The state mandates Latvian as the language of instruction in public secondary schools (Form 10–12) for at least 60% of class work (previously, a broad system of education in Russian existed). The Official Language Law was adopted on 9 December 1999. Several regulatory acts associated with this law have been adopted. Observance of the law is monitored by the Latvian State Language Center run by
7360-540: The term "geopolitics" Rudolf Krohne (1876–1953), German jurist and politician Rudolf Minger , Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council Rudolph "Rudy" Perpich , former governor of Minnesota Rudolph Jay Schaefer I , president of F. & M. Schaefer Brewing Company Rudolf Scharping , German politician (SPD) and sports official who served as 12th Minister of Defence of Germany Rudolf Seiters , German politician of
7452-693: The unit, soldiers of which discovered the mass graves of the Soviet-perpetrated Katyn massacre Rudolf Schmundt , German officer in the Wehrmacht and adjutant to Adolf Hitler during World War II, later tried to unsuccessfully assassinate Hitler Rudolf Viest , Slovak military leader, commander of the 1st Czechoslovak army during the Slovak National Uprising Rudolf Frank , German Luftwaffe military aviator and night fighter ace during World War II Rudolf von Eschwege , German World War I flying ace who
7544-477: The user is unable to access Latvian diacritic marks (e-mail, newsgroups, web user forums, chat, SMS etc.). It uses the basic Modern Latin alphabet only, and letters that are not used in standard orthography are usually omitted. In this style, diacritics are replaced by digraphs – a doubled letter indicates a long vowel (as in Finnish and Estonian); a following j indicates palatalisation of consonants, i.e.,
7636-452: The way Latvian language (alphabet, numbers, currency, punctuation marks, date and time) should be represented on computers. A Latvian ergonomic keyboard standard LVS 23-93 was also announced several months later, but it did not gain popularity due to its need for a custom-built keyboard. Nowadays standard QWERTY or the US keyboards are used for writing in Latvian; diacritics are entered by using
7728-522: The widely used eiro , while European Central Bank insisted that the original name euro be used in all languages. New terms are Latvian derivatives, calques or new loanwords. For example, Latvian has two words for "telephone"— tālrunis and telefons , the former being a direct translation into Latvian of the latter international term. Still, others are older or more euphonic loanwords rather than Latvian words. For example, "computer" can be either dators or kompjūters . Both are loanwords;
7820-1996: The word " wolf " Celtic Ó Faoláin , Phelan , Whalan , Whalen , Whelan , Felan , Folan , Mac Conallaidh , McNally [REDACTED] Germanic Rudolph , Ralph , Ludolf , Adolf North Germanic: Lyall , Ulfsson West Germanic: De Wolf , De Wolfe , Love , Volf , Wolf , Wolfe , Wolff , Wölfli , Wölfflin , Wolfs , Woolf , Woolfe , Wulf , Wulff , Wulfson , Wolfowitz , Wolfsohn , Wolfson , Wolfram , Wolfermann Romance Latin: Lupus French: Leleu , Leloup , Loup , Louvel , Lowell Iberian: Llop , Llopis , Lobato , Lobo , Lopes , López Italian: Lovato , Lupo Romanian: Lupescu , Lupu , Lupul , Lupulescu Slavic East Slavic: Biryuk , Biryukov , Volchek , Volchenkov , Volchkov , Volchok , Volk , Volkov ( Volkoff , Wolkoff ), Volkovich , Vovchenko , Vovchok , Vovchynskyi , Vovk South Slavic: Vučević , Vučić , Vučko , Vučetić / Vuchetich , Vučković , Vujić , Vukašinović , Vukasović , Vukčević , Vukić , Vukičević , Vukićević , Vuković / Vukovich , Vuksanović West Slavic: Vlček , Vlk , Wilczek , Wilczyński , Wilk , Wolkowicz Other Baltic: Vilkas , Vilks , Vilčinskas , Vilkelis Basque: Ochoa , Otxoa Estonian: Hunt Finnish: Susi Greek: Lykoudis Hebrew: Ze'evi , Ze'ev , Ben-Zeev Hungarian: Farkas ( Farkaš in Slavic languages) Turkish: Kurt , Kurtoğlu See also [ edit ] Rudy , nickname for Rudolph Ralph , nickname for Rudolph Raul / Raoul Rolf Rodolfo Roderick Roger Roland Robert Ludolf Ludolph References [ edit ] ^ "Is Rudolph A Girl Or A Boy?" . www.onsecrethunt.com . 31 May 2022 . Retrieved 6 August 2023 . External links [ edit ] Statistics for name Rudolf in
7912-1482: Was based in Northern California Rudolph Loewenstein , Polish-born American psychoanalyst Rudolf Horn , Austrian biathlete and cross-country skier Rudolf Plyukfelder , Ukrainian weightlifter Rudolph Hass , American developer of the Hass avocado, the source of 95% of California avocados grown commercially today Rudolf Fischer , Romanian historian Rudolf Rocker , German anarchist writer and activist Rudolf Dassler (1898–1974), German businessman Rodolphe Saadé (born 1970), French billionaire businessman Rudolf Schindler , German physician and gastroenterologist Rudolph Schindler , American architect Rudolph Moshammer , German fashion designer Rudolf Molleker , German tennis player Roudolphe Douala , Cameroonian retired footballer Rudolf Wittkower , American art historian Rudolph Koenig , German physicist Rudolf Geiger , German meteorologist and climatologist Rudolf Tombo Jr. (1875–1914), American philologist Rudolf Ziegler , German rowing coxswain Rudolph Nickolsburger , Hungarian footballer Rudolf "Rudi" Gernreich , American fashion designer Rudolf Holzapfel , Polish-born Austrian psychologist and philosopher Rudolph Fentz , focal character of "I'm Scared",
8004-496: Was chosen as the worst word of 2017. There are three dialects in Latvian: the Livonic dialect, High Latvian and the Central dialect. Latvian dialects and their varieties should not be confused with the Livonian , Curonian , Semigallian and Selonian languages. The Livonic dialect (also called Tamian or tāmnieku ) of Latvian was more affected by the Livonian language substratum than Latvian in other parts of Latvia. It
8096-549: Was first based upon the German orthography , while the alphabet of the Standard Latgalian variety was based on the Polish orthography . At the beginning of the 20th century, it was replaced by a more phonologically consistent orthography. Today, the Latvian standard orthography employs 33 characters: The modern standard Latvian alphabet uses 22 unmodified letters of the Latin alphabet (all except ⟨q, w, x, y⟩ ). It adds
8188-502: Was introduced. The primary declared goal was the integration of all inhabitants into the environment of the official state language while protecting the languages of Latvia's ethnic minorities. Government-funded bilingual education was available in primary schools for ethnic minorities until 2019 when Parliament decided on educating only in Latvian. Minority schools are available for Russian , Yiddish , Polish , Lithuanian , Ukrainian , Belarusian , Estonian and Roma schools. Latvian
8280-714: Was named Rudolph Walton School in Philadelphia Rudolph A. Peterson , American banker who served as the President and CEO of Bank of America and Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme Rudolph A. Seiden , American chemist and a Zionist activist Rudolph Ackermann , Anglo-German bookseller, inventor, lithographer, publisher and businessman Rodolphe Adada , Congolese politician and diplomat Rodolfo Acquaviva , Italian Jesuit missionary to India Rudolph Aggrey , American diplomat who served as
8372-466: Was started, led by " Young Latvians " who popularized the use of Latvian language. Participants in this movement laid the foundations for standard Latvian and also popularized the Latvianization of loan words. However, in the 1880s, when Czar Alexander III came into power, Russification started. According to the 1897 Imperial Russian Census , there were 505,994 (75.1%) speakers of Latvian in
8464-1026: Was the German Empire's only fighter pilot operating on the Macedonian Front Rudolf Veiel , German Panzer general during World War II, one of the principal commanders of Battle of Greece Rudolf Sieckenius , German Generalmajor during World War II, one of the principal commanders of Battle of Berlin Rudolf von Slatin , Anglo-Austrian soldier and administrator in Sudan Rudolf Jordan , Nazi Gauleiter in Halle-Merseburg and Magdeburg-Anhalt Hans-Rudolf Rösing , German U-boat commander in World War II Rudolph Hiemstra , South African Air Force commander Rudolf Schmidt , general in
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