58-528: Rumbai at present is a district of Pekanbaru , Riau Province , Sumatra , Indonesia . It was founded in the early 1950s as the Sumatra headquarters of Caltex Pacific Oil Company, now known as Chevron Pacific Indonesia, on the shores of the Siak River . In the early 1950s, Rumbai could only be reached from the outside world by river boat, from Pekanbaru or from Bengkalis . A road was built by Caltex to
116-465: A tropical rainforest climate under the Köppen climate classification . As with many cities with an equatorial climate, the temperature only varies a little throughout the year. The hottest month is May with average temperature 27.6 °C (81.7 °F), while the coolest month is January with average temperature 26.4 °C (79.5 °F). The precipitation accumulation also remains constant throughout
174-617: A floating bridge was built by Caltex over the Siak River. Also, by 1962 Caltex had built an oil port and company town at the fishing village of Dumai on the coast and connected Duri to Dumai by road. Pekanbaru Pekanbaru is the capital city of the Indonesian province of Riau , and a major economic center on the eastern side of Sumatra Island with its name derived from the Malay ( Indonesian ) word for 'new market' ('pekan'
232-764: A formal and informal form of education. Pekanbaru currently implements a "zonation" system to assign new students in public schools. Football is the most popular sport in Indonesia. In Pekanbaru, PSPS Pekanbaru is the local club that has been competing in Indonesian Super League since the 2000s. Kaharudin Nasution Sport Center Rumbai Stadium is the home stadium for PSPS Pekanbaru. In 2012, 2013 AFC U-22 Asian Cup qualification , 2012 Pekan Olahraga Nasional (Indonesian National Games) and 2012 Pekan Paralympic Nasional
290-542: A lesser extent the Riau Islands have internally migrated to Pekanbaru due to opportunities and rapid economical growth in the area since the 1990s and 2000s, in which the dialect groups of these internal migrants are from the Hokkien, Teochew, Cantonese and Hakka subgroups. The city is divided into fifteen administrative districts , formerly twelve ( Indonesian : kecamatan ), tabulated below with their areas since
348-562: A major regional fair but in the early 1780s his son Sultan Muhammad Ali managed to establish the grand fair. Following the collapse of the Dutch East Indies Company (VOC), all company ownership of Pekanbaru was transferred to the Dutch crown. During the colonial Dutch East Indies era in the 19th and early 20th century the city remained important, especially as a major trading point: Siak river navigation conditions provide
406-532: A stable relationship with shipping from the Malacca Strait. Additionally the city became a major center of the coffee industry and coal industry. The urban influence of the sultans gradually became increasingly nominal, especially after the capital of the Sultanate moved to Sri Indrapura in 1830. Actual management functions were carried out by representatives of the Dutch colonial administration, i.e., by
464-490: A trading port. A settlement has existed on the site since the 17th century. In the late 19th century, the city was developed to serve the coffee and coal industries, and the Dutch built roads to help ship goods to Singapore and Malacca . This city has an airport called Sultan Syarif Kasim II International Airport , and a port called Sungai Duku that is located by the Siak River. The words "pekan" (market) and "baru" (new) in
522-476: Is also the founder of the city of Pekanbaru, so since his death in 1782 he was titled with title Marhum Pekan . Sultan Yahya Abdul Jalil Muzaffar Shah later took the position as the sixth sultan during 1782–1784. Like the previous sultan, Sultan Yahya also only had 2 years to rule. He died in 1784 and was posthumously granted the title Marhum Mangkat di Dungun . The seventh Sultan, Ali Abdul Jalil Syaifuddin Ba'alawi ,
580-703: Is connected to Padang , Medan , Jambi , Palembang , and other cities or regions in Riau Province and Sumatra Island by the existence of Bandar Raya Payung Sekaki Bus Terminal. The terminal was officially open for public in 2007, replacing Pekanbaru's former "Mayang Terurai Terminal Bus" due to heavy congestion. However, the Bandar Raya Payung Sekaki Bus Terminal is not fully utilised by several prominent bus companies such as Pelangi , Makmur , Riau Mandiri and Sidomulyo as well as other bus operators because its location which
638-500: Is deemed by some parties to be not as strategic as Mayang Terurai Bus Terminal. These matters surely make some bus companies have no choice but to drop off the passengers outside the designated zone. This informal drop-off zone is usually called by local people as terminal bayangan ("shadow terminals"). Port of Sungai Duku is located by the Siak River, connecting Pekanbaru with some regions in Riau Province and Riau Islands such as Siak, Tanjung Buton, Selat Panjang, Bengkalis and Batam. In
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#1732772222336696-849: Is mainly spoken by the Tionghoa community as most of the Chinese Indonesians in Pekanbaru belong to the Hainanese and Hoklo dialect groups. In fact, a minority of Chinese Indonesians in Pekanbaru also come from other regions in (mainland) Riau such as Selat Panjang , Bengkalis and Siak , along with the Chinese Indonesians who are natives of Pekanbaru itself, are also mostly from the Hainanese dialect group. Moreover, many Chinese Indonesians especially from North Sumatra , particularly from Medan as well as West Sumatra region and to
754-488: Is market and 'baru' is new). It has an area of 632.26 km (244.12 sq mi), with a population of 897,767 at the 2010 Census, and 983,356 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 1,123,348 (comprising 564,628 males and 558,720 females). It is located on the banks of the Siak River , which flows into the Strait of Malacca , Pekanbaru has direct access to the busy strait and has long been known as
812-510: Is one of the Minangkabau migration areas outside of their home province of West Sumatra and also within Sumatra island as a whole. After World War II , the number of Minangkabau people migrating to Pekanbaru surged, nearly doubling between the years 1943 and 1961. Many Minangkabau in Pekanbaru have lived there for generations and has since assimilated into the Malay community. In addition to
870-422: Is planned to be demolished to build more spaces for the apron and more aircraft capacity. Even though the new terminal has been fully used, the aerobridges that were constructed have never been utilized as the apron expansion has not been completed yet after two years since the opening of the new terminal to the public in 2012. Thus, the airport company PT Angkasa Pura II is currently ferrying passengers to and from
928-578: Is produced in Riau, and much of Pekanbaru's economy is based on the petroleum industry . International oil companies, prominently Chevron from the US, as well as other Indonesian companies, have established their offices in the region. The city is connected by road to an oil refining and exporting port in Dumai . Many facilities and infrastructures such as an airport, stadiums, housing areas, schools, bridges that cross
986-405: Is spoken by the citizens of Pekanbaru. For informal use, Pekanbaru people regardless of their ethnicity also generally use Minangkabau language in their economic and daily activities, especially in the market area. In addition the local Riau Malay language and Javanese are also widely spoken because of the large population of Malays and Javanese in Pekanbaru. Hainanese as well as Riau Hokkien
1044-482: Is the majority religion in this city, followed by Christianity (Protestantism and Catholic) as well as Buddhism and small percentage of Hinduism and Confucianism. Each religion in this city is represented by the presence of the religion's respective worship places, such as An-Nur Great Mosque and Pekanbaru Central Mosque ( Masjid Raya Pekanbaru ) for the Muslim community, St. Maria A Fatima Church and St. Paulus Church for
1102-415: The Malay for "new market" are the source of the names Pekanbaru and Pekan Baru. Pekanbaru is used to be known as "new market" because back then Pekanbaru was a huge market which is known among the surrounding areas. It was formerly known as "Senapelan", which comes from the word "Sena" which is the name of a tree that symbolises Pekanbaru because the tree is easy to spot because of its considerable height and
1160-479: The Minas and Duri oilfields and camps. Caltex staff (mostly American) traveled to Rumbai, Minas and Duri by plane from Jakarta or Singapore to Pekanbaru airport and then by boat across to Rumbai. The oil camp of Rumbai was a completely self-contained mostly expatriate community with offices, homes, school, hospital, water treatment, diesel generators, commissary, country club, swimming pool, and golf course. In 1958
1218-538: The Republic of Indonesia . The history of Riau before Indonesian independence time has been rooted in the history of Siak Sri Indrapura, a Malay Islamic kingdom. The Siak-centred sultanate was founded by Sultan Abdul Jalil Rahmat Shah in 1722. The first Sultan died in 1746 and later posthumously given the title of Marhum Buantan . The reign was continued to Sultan Abdul Jalil Muzaffar Shah (1746–1761) who ruled for about 19 years. This second Sultan succeeded in making
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#17327722223361276-464: The "Adipura" ('cleanest city') award in the category of large city for the seventh consecutive time. Pekanbaru is the third most populous city on Sumatra Island after Medan and Palembang , with a population of 983,356 according to the official Census for 2020; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 1,123,348. The city is highly urbanised, drawing many of its people from the neighbouring province of West Sumatra . Since many centuries ago, Pekanbaru
1334-540: The 15 Americans there and survivor of the sinking of the MS ; American Leader , noted that malaria , dysentery , pellagra , and malnutrition/ beri-beri were the principal maladies compounded by overwork and mistreatment. The average age at death of the 700 prisoners of war who perished on that railway was 37 years and 3 months. The railway was never fully utilised. Today it remains unused and in an advanced state of decay. After Indonesian independence , Pekanbaru
1392-868: The 2021 re-organisation, and their populations at the 2020 Census and according to the official estimates for mid 2023. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (all classed as urban kelurahan ), and its post codes. Notes: (a) The former districts of Tampan (59.81 km ) and Payung Sekaki (43.24 km ) have been re-organised into these three districts since 2020, when they had 203,238 and 96,296 inhabitants respectively. (b) The former district of Tenayan Raya (171.27 km , with 154,261 inhabitants in 2020, has been split into two new districts. (c) The former districts of Rumbai (128.85 km ) and Rumbai Pesisir (157.33 km ) have been re-organised into these three districts since 2020, when they had 78,185 and 70,488 inhabitants respectively. Pekanbaru has
1450-666: The 21st of Rajab, Tuesday, in the year 1204 H, corresponding to the 23rd of June 1784 AD, which was later set as the day of Pekanbaru City. Senapelan was later more commonly known as Pekanbaru. On 14 December 1745, the Siak region was ceded by the Sultan of Johor Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah from the Johor Sultanate to the Dutch East India Company (VOC) under the terms of a treaty in return for Dutch help against
1508-623: The Catholic community, Huria Kristen Batak Protestan Church for the Protestant community as well as Vihara Dhamma Metta Arama, Vihara Dharma Loka and Vihara Vimala Virya for the Buddhist community and Kwan Tee Kong Bio (Vihara Satya Dharma) and Vihara Sasana Loka for Confucianist community and Pura Agung Jagatnatha for the Hindu community in Pekanbaru. Indonesian is the official language that
1566-532: The Kingdom of Siak Sri Indrapura strong and triumphant. The third Sultan was Abdul Jalil Jalaluddin Shah (1765–1766) had only ruled for a year. His real name was Tengku Ismail. His reign was under attacks of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) which took advantage of Tengku Alam (later became the fourth Sultan) as a shield. Sultan Abdul Jalil later dubbed Marhum Mangkat di Balai . Tengku Alam (1766–1780) ascended to
1624-562: The Lodge. In 1889, the 11th sultan, Syarif Hasyim Abdul Jalil Syarifuddin built a Moorish-style palace 120 kilometres (75 mi) upstream of the Siak river in Pekanbaru. The palace is now a museum. Before its construction, the sultan made a tour of Europe, visiting the Netherlands and Germany . In the architecture of the palace there are European influences that blend harmoniously with
1682-488: The Malay and Moorish elements, with the furniture was even brought from Europe. The palace contains royal ceremonial objects, such as a gold-plated crown set with diamonds, a golden throne and personal objects of Sultan Syarif Qasyim and his wife, such as the "Komet", a multi-centennial musical instrument which is said to have been made only two copies in the world. Komet still works, and is used to play works by composers such as Beethoven, Mozart and Strauss. The foundation of
1740-613: The Minangkabau merchants. Over time, the area evolved into a crowded residential area. On June 23, 1784, based on the consultative meeting of the Council of Ministers from Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura , consisting of four tribal leaders ( datuk ) of Minangkabau tribes (Pesisir, Lima Puluah, Tanah Datar and Kampar), the area was named Pekanbaru. This date was later celebrated as the anniversary of this city. At Senapelan Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah Alamudin unsuccessfully tried to organize
1798-460: The Minangkabau, the Riau Malays are the second largest ethnic group in Pekanbaru, making up 30% of the population. The Javanese , Batak and Tionghoa (mostly from the Hainanese dialect group) are the other main ethnic groups inhabiting Pekanbaru city. The pluralism surrounding the city can be reflected by the variety of religions and freedom of belief among the people in Pekanbaru. Islam
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1856-475: The Siak River in Pekanbaru, the roads in Rumbai and the roads to Dumai , were partially or fully financed by oil companies in the area. Pekanbaru is really close with some of the home of mega-companies, such as PT Riau Andalan Pulp Paper, PT. Indah Kiat, PT. Chevron Pacific Indonesia, and PT Perkebunan Nusantara V and some wood-sawmill, CPOs, and rubber-processing companies, and Pekanbaru is often said to be one of
1914-498: The capital of Deli, confirms the loss of importance of the sultanate to the Dutch. The last Sultan of Siak was Syarif Qasim Abdul Jalil Syaifuddin ( Syarif Qasim II , who was in throne in 1915–1949). The sultan with real name Tengku Sulong went to the throne seven years after the death of his father Sultan Hashim. In November 1945, Sultan Syarif Qasim II sent a cable to President of the Republic of Indonesia declaring allegiance to
1972-459: The cities with the highest money and banking rotation in Indonesia. As Pekanbaru is prominently known as a major gateway for tourists from Singapore and Malaysia, the city has become a favourite stop-over for travellers before they go further inland to other regions of Sumatra Island such as Padang and Jambi. The Pasar Pusat (Central Market) is a food-trip destination and considered a household-goods trove. Pasar Bawah and Pasar Tengah, located near to
2030-537: The enemies of Johor. Siak was put under Dutch administration. The Sultan moved residence to a palace in Senapelan built in 1760. The origin of Pekanbaru was inseparable from the existence of the Siak River as a distributing route for commodities from the Minangkabau Highlands to the Strait of Malacca . During the 18th century, the Senapelan region on the banks of the Siak River became a market for
2088-546: The evidence of the Kingdom of Siak. He died in 1908 and was posthumously granted the title Marhum Baginda . Post Anglo-Dutch Treaties of 1870–71 , the colonial government created the Siak Residency in 1873, which covers the entire northeast coast of Sumatra to the sultanate of Deli. The transfer of the capital of the Oostkust van Sumatra residentie ( Residency of East Coast Sumatra) in 1887 from Siak to Medan ,
2146-734: The housing project along the road has been tremendously established and now becoming one of the most populous area in Pekanbaru even though it is located far from downtown. Favorably, there are several landmarks that have been built in this city. For example, The Great Mosque of An-nur, Mesjid Raya Pekanbaru, Pasar Bawah or Tourist Market , Riau Bank Tower, Riau Government Office Tower, Siak IV Bridge, Zapin Dance Monument and there are many more to come. There are several modes of transportation in Pekanbaru such as taxi, bus, oplet (share taxi), bajaj (auto rickshaw), ojek (motorcycle taxi) and Trans Metro Pekanbaru ( bus rapid transit ). However, due to
2204-522: The interior of Sumatra and the Malacca Strait . The Dutch colonial state signed a series of treaties with the Siak rulers in the 19th century, which reduced the area of state influence to the Siak River . For the remainder of the Dutch colonial era , it operated as an independent state with Dutch advisors. After Indonesia's Independence was proclaimed on 17 August 1945, the last sultan of Siak, Sultan Syarif Kasim II , declared his kingdom to join
2262-561: The newly created Government of the Republic of Indonesia. Not only that, the Sultan also handed over his property for the struggle of independence of the Republic of Indonesia. The Guntung War was a war that took place on Guntung Island in the Siak Sultanate against Dutch in Guntung Island (now Bengkalis Regency ) from 1752 to 1760 the war ended to Decisive Siak Sultanate Victory because they blockade Dutch Lodge and Burned
2320-416: The palace of Siak has its share of myth. It is said that while the Sultan and his dignitaries were discussing the project, suddenly appeared a white dragon on the surface of the river Siak. The presence of the dragon was interpreted as a sign of blessing of the project and auspicious for the greatness of the kingdom. To immortalize the dragon, the Sultan made it the official emblem of the kingdom. The pillars of
2378-680: The past, there were ferry services travelling from this port directly to Malacca in Malaysia, but the service was discontinued as several ferry companies decided to move their operations to Tanjung Buton. Sultan Syarif Kasim II International Airport serves flights in Pekanbaru from/and to several cities in Indonesia such as Batam , Medan , Bandung , Jakarta , Yogyakarta , Surabaya , and others, and international flights to several countries such as Malaysia , Singapore , Saudi Arabia , and Sri Lanka . Several prominent domestic airlines serve
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2436-437: The popular local television stations in Pekanbaru. Several local newspapers operating in Pekanbaru, such as Riau Pos , Haluan Riau , Tribun Pekanbaru , Pekanbaru Pos , Metro Riau , Pekanbaru MX and Koran Riau . Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura The Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura , often called Sultanate of Siak ( Indonesian : Kesultanan Siak Sri Inderapura ; Jawi : كسلطانن سياك سري اندراڤور ),
2494-486: The port and Siak riverbank, are especially known for the marketplace for buying and selling of Chinese goods like ceramics and carpets. Around 127,000 foreign tourists arrived in Pekanbaru through its airport during 2018. On the other hand, there are many developments of shopping malls. Additionally, there are a lot of housing areas have been developed since the 2000s surrounding the city, particularly in Panam area whereby
2552-534: The post of assistant-resident and controller. During the Second World War from February 1942 to August 1945 the city was occupied by the armed forces of Japan. In an effort to strengthen the military and logistical infrastructure in this part of Sumatra, the Japanese started the construction of a 220-kilometer-long railway, connecting Pekanbaru to the coast of Malacca Straits . The Pekanbaru Railway
2610-462: The rapidly increasing number of motorised vehicles, the traffic congestion that occurs on some roads such as Jalan Sudirman , Jalan Riau and Jalan HR. Subrantas that mainly connect populous sub-districts in the city cannot be avoided any more particularly during weekends and holidays. These problems initiated the government of Pekanbaru to come up with plans to solve these matters, especially within 10 to 15 years ahead. For land transport, Pekanbaru
2668-430: The reign during 1815–1854 which was given title Marhum Indrapura . He was then followed by the next sultan, Qasim Abdul Jalil Syaifuddin I (Sharif Qasim I, ruled in 1864 to 1889). He died in 1889 and was posthumously granted the title Marhum Mahkota . His son, Syarif Hashim Abdul Jalil Muzaffar Shah was then raised to the throne during period 1889–1908. During his rule, many buildings were constructed which now have become
2726-414: The route from/and to Pekanbaru such as Citilink , Garuda Indonesia , Lion Air , Batik Air , Indonesia Air Asia , Susi Air , Super Air Jet and Wings Air . International flights are presently provided by AirAsia , Jetstar Asia Airways , Malindo Air , Scoot and Batik Air Malaysia In 2012, the new terminal was opened, replacing the old terminal that had been used since the 1980s. The old terminal
2784-614: The terminal using shuttle buses until the aerobridge can be used. Pekanbaru's airport is also utilized separately as the airbase of the TNI-AU (Indonesian Air Force) and home base of the 12th Squadron, a shelter to some Hawk Mk.109s and Mk.209s. The airbase is named after the former head of Indonesian Air Force, Roesmin Nurjadin and formally called as Pangkalan Udara Roesmin Nurjadin or Roesmin Nurjadin Airbase . Pekanbaru has
2842-465: The throne after the death of Abdul Jalil Jalaluddin, with the title of Sultan Abdul Jalil Alamuddin Syah and posthumously given the title of Marhum Bukit . The daughter of fourth Sultan, Abdul Jalil Alamuddin Syah, Badriyyah was married to Sayyid Uthman. He was a son of Sayyid Ibrahim Panjang Hidung, who was the husband of Siti Hitam, the daughter of Sayid Abdul Majid, a descendant of Ba'alawi . Uthman
2900-409: The tree was on a hill. Batin was the tribe chief at the time. In which around this time, this area transforms into Dusun Payung Sekaki, which is situated near the mouth of the Siak River, as it continues to grow into a new urban residential area. According to the records kept by Imam Suhil Siak, Sultan Muhammad Ali Abdul Jalil Muazamsyah under the rule of Sultan Yahya officially established Senapelan on
2958-448: The year with no real dry season. The month with most precipitation is November with precipitation total 312 millimetres (12.3 in), while the least precipitation is July with precipitation total 123 millimetres (4.8 in). After oil was discovered in the region in the 1930s, Pekanbaru's economy has depended heavily on oil revenues which caused the city to have the highest per capita income in Indonesia. Most of Indonesia's petroleum
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#17327722223363016-460: Was a kingdom that was located in present-day Siak Regency , and nearby other regions from 1722 to 1949. It was founded by Raja Kecil , who had close relations with the Johor Sultanate , after he failed to seize the Johor throne. The polity expanded in the 18th century to encompass much of eastern Sumatra as it brought various communities under its control through warfare and control of trade between
3074-521: Was constructed under harsh conditions using forced labour. 6,500 Dutch, mostly Indo-Europeans , and British prisoners of war and over 100,000 Indonesian, mostly Javanese, forced workers called Romusha were put to work by the Japanese army. By the time the work was completed in August 1945 almost a third of the European POWs and over half of the Indonesian coolies had died. George Duffy, one of
3132-547: Was held in Riau Province. Since then, many sport facilities have been built in Pekanbaru because this city was the home for many sports venues used these multi-national events, such as the prominent Riau Main Stadium . Unfortunately, many sports facilities that have been developed before the 2012 Pekan Olahraga Nasional are not being managed and taken care of properly. An example would be the Riau Main Stadium, which
3190-463: Was never used again after the event until today due to financial disputes between the local government and the contractors of the stadium. Several golf courses can be found in Pekanbaru, such as Pekanbaru Golf Course Country Club at Kubang Kulim, Simpang Tiga Golf Course at AURI Complex, Rumbai Golf Course at IKSORA Rumbai Complex and Labersa Golf Course at Labersa Hotel and Convention Center. The TVRI Riau (state-owned) and Riau TV (private) are some of
3248-477: Was organized as an administrative city in 1956, and was selected to be the capital of the newly formed Riau province in 1959. Since 1946, Pekanbaru has been governed by at least 15 mayors. The first mayor to rule this city was Datuk Wan Abdul Rahman who was elected on 17 May 1946. Currently, the Mayor of Pekanbaru is Zulham Hakim. Pekanbaru is one of the cleanest big cities in Indonesia. In 2011, Pekanbaru received
3306-598: Was the first sultan of Arab descent and holds the title al-Sayyid Sharif . During his reign the Kingdom of Siak reached its peak. He died in 1810 and was posthumously granted the title Marhum Kota Tinggi . Ibrahim Abdul Jalil Khaliluddin was the eight sultan in the kingdom in 1810–1815, where his real name was Ibrahim. He died in 1815 and then was named the Marhum Mempura Kecil . He was then followed by Sultan Syarif Ismail Abdul Jalil Jalaluddin Ismail who took
3364-505: Was then appointed as a military commander and religious advisor in the Sultanate. He was the father of Sayyid Ali, who would eventually claim the Siak throne. Almost all the Sultans of Siak from lineage of Sayyid Ali adopted the title "Syaifuddin" to signified their Arab ancestry. The fifth in throne was Sultan Muhammad Ali Abdul Jalil Muazzam Shah (1780–1782). During his reign the Sultanate of Siak relocated to Senapelan (now Pekanbaru ). He
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