33-588: Rupnagar ( / ˈ r ʊ p n ə ɡ ər / ; formerly known as Ropar ) is a city and a municipal council in Rupnagar district in the Indian state of Punjab . Rupnagar is a newly created fifth Divisional Headquarters of Punjab comprising Rupnagar, Mohali, and its adjoining districts. It is also one of the bigger sites belonging to the Indus Valley civilization . Rupnagar is nearly 43 km (27 mi) to
66-545: A Raja called Rokeshar, who ruled during the 11th century and named it after his son Rup Sen. Rupnagar is one of the Indus Valley sites along the Ghaggar-Hakra beds. There is an Archaeological Museum in the city which was opened in the year 1998 for general public. The museum exhibits the archaeological remains of excavated site in the city, the first Harappan site of Independent India. These excavations reveal
99-471: A cultural sequence from Harappan to medieval times. Some of the important exhibits include antiquities of Harappan times, gold coins of Chandragupta and copper and bronze implements. Sardar Hari Singh, Rais of Sialba, conquered Ropar in 1763 and established his state there. His son Sardar Charat Singh made Ropar capital of the state. Later in Maharaja Ranjit Singh's Cis-Sutlej invasions in
132-667: A large number of birds, mammals and vegetation. It has at least 9 mammalian , 154 bird , 35 fish , 9 arthropod , 11 rotifer and 10 protozoan species. This important ecological zone is located in the Shivalik foothills of the Lower Himalayas and was created in 1952 on the Sutlej River, in the Punjab state of India, by building a head regulator. The total area of the wetland is 1,365 hectares (3,370 acres). The wetland
165-578: A length of 309 km (192 mi). The drop in height is 3,256 m (10,682 ft). Historically, the river was the centre of the Zhangzhung Kingdom until its fall in the 8th century AD. Sutlej is an antecedent river , which existed before the Himalayas and entrenched itself while they were rising. The Sutlej, along with all of the Punjab rivers, is thought to have drained east into
198-632: A proposal to build a 214-kilometre (133 mi) long heavy freight and irrigation canal, to be known as the Sutlej-Yamuna Link (SYL) to connect the Sutlej and Yamuna rivers. The project is intended to connect the Ganges, which flows to the east coast of the subcontinent, with points west, via Pakistan. When completed, the SYL would enable inland shipping from India's east coast to its west coast (on
231-619: Is a river in Ngari , Tibet , China . The name Langqên , Tibetan for "elephant", is because of a valley that resembles an elephant trunk. This river is the main source of the Sutlej, a tributary of Indus River . It enters India at Shipki La pass. The source is south of Gangdise Range , in Ngari Prefecture. Its course is mainly in the Zanda County . The river drains an area of 22,760 km (8,790 sq mi), and covers
264-685: Is connected by the National Highway system to the following nearby cities, by the following highway routes: As per 2011 India census , Rupnagar had a population of 56,038. Males constitute 52.8% of the population and females 47.2%. Rupnagar has an average literacy rate of 82.19%, higher than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 87.50%, and female literacy is 76.42%. Rupnagar has public as well as private schools which are affiliated to either Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) or Punjab School Education Board (PSEB) or Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) and follow
297-584: Is received during June through September. The city has one of the three important wetlands of the Punjab State known as Rupnagar Wetland or Ropar Wetland .It was declared as a Ramsar site in 2002 This is a man-made freshwater wetland covering 1,365 hectares. Also called the Rupnagar Lake, the wetland developed consequent to the construction of a regulator on the Sutlej River . The area has
330-673: Is surrounded by Shivalik hills to the northwest and by plains to the south and southeast. Rupnagar railway station falls in the Northern Railway zone of the Indian Railways . It is connected to Chandigarh by a single line railway track. It is also connected to Amritsar via Jalandhar , Ludhiana , Morinda , Una (HP) and Nangal Dam . Rupnagar city has a road network to surrounding village and towns in district as well as to major cities including Una , Baddi , Ludhiana , Jalandhar , Chandigarh and Delhi . Rupnagar
363-735: The 10+2 plan of education. Rupnagar houses the Indian Institute of Technology Ropar which is spread over 525 acres in the banks of Satulj, the Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bhaddal , and Government College, Ropar (affiliated to Punjabi University, Patiala ).Ropar is an education hub for local villages. Colleges in Ropar offers great opportunities to students from nearby districts too. List of renamed places in India Since India gained independence from
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#1732772233812396-855: The Arabian Sea near the port city of Karachi , Pakistan. During floods, Indus river water flows into the Indian part of the Great Rann of Kutch . Thus Gujarat state of India is also a riparian state of the Indus river as the Rann of Kutch area lying west of Kori Creek in the state is part of the Indus River Delta . In the Chaitra-Ratha Parva of Adi Parva of Mahābhārata , when sage Vasishtha wanted to commit suicide he saw
429-561: The Beas River near Harike , Tarn Taran district , Punjab state. Ropar Wetland in Punjab state is located on the Sutlej river basin. Evidence suggests Indus Valley civilisation also flourished here. Ungti Chu and Pare Chu rivers which drain the southeastern part of Ladakh are tributaries of Sutlej river. Continuing west-southwest, the Sutlej enters Pakistan about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) east of Bhedian Kalan , Kasur District , Punjab province, continuing southwest to water
462-611: The Ganges prior to 5 mya . There is substantial geologic evidence to indicate that prior to 1700 BC, and perhaps much earlier, the Sutlej was an important tributary of the Ghaggar-Hakra River (thought to be the legendary Sarasvati River ) rather than the Indus, with various authors putting the redirection from 2500 to 2000 BC, from 5000 to 3000 BC, or before 8000 BC. Geologists believe that tectonic activity created elevation changes which redirected
495-592: The Garuda Valley by the Zhangzhung , the ancient civilization of western Tibet . The Garuda Valley was the centre of their empire, which stretched many miles into the nearby Himalayas . The Zhangzhung built a towering palace in the Upper Sutlej Valley called Kyunglung , the ruins of which still exist today near the village of Moincêr , southwest of Mount Kailash (Mount Ti-se). Eventually,
528-527: The Ropar Meeting reached Bokhara . Rupnagar is located at 30°58′N 76°32′E / 30.97°N 76.53°E / 30.97; 76.53 . It has an average elevation of 260 metres (850 ft). The town lies on the bank of Satluj River and the Shivalik hill range spreads along the opposite bank of the river. The climate of Rupnagar is characterized by general dryness (except in
561-584: The Supreme Court of India . To augment nearly 100 tmcft (some 2.832 × 10 L) water availability for the needs of this link canal, Tso Moriri lake/Lingdi Nadi (a tributary of Tso Moriri lake) waters can be diverted to the Sutlej basin by digging a 10 km=long gravity canal to connect to the Ungti Chu river. The Upper Sutlej Valley, called Langqên Zangbo in Tibet , was once known as
594-499: The Arabian sea) without having to round the southern tip of India by sea, vastly shortening shipping distances, alleviating pressures on seaports, avoiding sea hazards, creating business opportunities along the route, raising real estate values, raising tax revenue, and establishing important commercial links and providing jobs for north-central India's large population. However, the proposal has met with obstacles and has been referred to
627-597: The Bhakra dam. It has several major hydroelectric points, including the 1,325 MW Bhakra Dam , the 1,000 MW Karcham Wangtoo Hydroelectric Plant , and the 1,500 MW Nathpa Jhakri Dam . The drainage basin in India includes the states and union territories of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Ladakh and Haryana. The source of the Sutlej is west of the catchment area of Lake Rakshastal in Tibet , as springs in an ephemeral stream. Lake Rakshastal used to be part of
660-614: The Indus river about 100 kilometres (62 mi) west of the city of Bahawalpur . The area to the southeast on the Pakistani side of the Indian border is called the Cholistan Desert and, on the Indian side, the Thar Desert . The Indus then flows through a gorge near Sukkur and the fertile plains region of Sindh , forming a large delta region between the border of Gujarat , India and Pakistan, finally terminating in
693-546: The Indus thousands of years earlier. There is some evidence that the high rate of erosion caused by the modern Sutlej River has influenced the local faulting and rapidly exhumed rocks above Rampur . This would be similar to, but on a much smaller scale than, the exhumation of rocks by the Indus River in Nanga Parbat , Pakistan. The Sutlej River also exposes a double inverted metamorphic gradient . There has been
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#1732772233812726-600: The Sutlej river basin long ago and separated from the Sutlej due to tectonic activity. The nascent river flows at first west-northwest for about 260 kilometres (160 mi) under the Tibetan name Langqên Zangbo ( Elephant River or Elephant Spring ) to the Shipki La pass, entering India in Himachal Pradesh state. It then has its main knee heading west-southwest for about 360 kilometres (220 mi) to meet
759-693: The United Kingdom in 1947 , names of many cities, streets, places, and buildings throughout the Republic of India have been systematically changed, often to better approximate their native endonymic pronunciation. Certain traditional names that have not been changed, however, continue to be popular. Former names of cities and towns in Andhra Pradesh at various times (Pre-Mauryan, Maurayan, Satavahana, Andhra Ikshvaku, Vishnukundina, Eastern Chalukya, Kakateeya, Musunuri, Pemmasani etc. rule) during
792-656: The Zhangzhung were conquered by the Tibetan Empire . The Sutlej River also formed the eastern boundary of the Sikh Empire under Maharajah Ranjit Singh . Parganah Hakkarah Today, the Sutlej Valley is inhabited by nomadic descendants of the Zhangzhung, who live in tiny villages of yak herders. The Sutlej was the main medium of transportation for the kings of that time. In the early 18th century, it
825-651: The ancient and historical former Bahawalpur princely state . Few centuries ago, Sutlej river was merging with the Ghaggar river to discharge in to the Arabian sea. In approx. 1797 BC, the course of the Sutlej river moved towards the north to join the Beas river . About 17 kilometres (11 mi) north of Uch Sharif , the Sutlej unites with the Chenab River , forming the Panjnad River , which finally flows into
858-465: The course of history. Andhra was mentioned as An-to-lo by Yuan Chang. Sutlej The Sutlej River ( / ˈ s ʌ t l ə dʒ / ) is the longest of the five rivers that flow through the historic crossroads region of Punjab in northern India and Pakistan . The Sutlej River is also known as Satadru . It is the easternmost tributary of the Indus River . The Bhakra Dam is built around
891-599: The early 1800s, he established Jagirs in the area including Mianpur and others. In 1831, Ropar was under a Sikh chieftain, Bhup Singh, who had pledged his allegiance to the East India Company . Ropar shot into prominence when it was chosen as the venue for the meeting between Maharaja Ranjit Singh of the Sikh Empire and Lord William Bentinck , the Governor-General appointed by the Company. News of
924-536: The flow of Sutlej from the southeast to the southwest. If the diversion of the river occurred recently (about 4000 years ago), it may have been responsible for the Ghaggar-Hakra (Saraswati) drying up, causing desertification of Cholistan and the eastern part of the modern state of Sindh , and the abandonment of Harappan settlements along the Ghaggar. However, the Sutlej may have already been captured by
957-484: The northwest of Chandigarh (the nearest airport and the capital of Punjab). It is bordered by Himachal Pradesh to the north and Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar district to its west. There are many historical and religious places in Rupnagar, including gurdwaras such as Gurudwara Bhatha Sahib, Gurdwara Bhubour Sahib, Gurdwara Solkhian and Gurudwara Tibbi Sahib. The ancient town of Rupnagar is said to have been named by
990-403: The post-monsoon or transition season. The temperature ranges from a minimum of 1 °C (34 °F) in winter to 47 °C (117 °F) in summer. May and June are generally the hottest months and December and January are the coldest months. Relative humidity is high, averaging about 70% during monsoon. The average annual rainfall in the district is 1030mm. About 78% of the annual rainfall
1023-718: The river Sutlej to provide irrigation and other facilities to the states of Punjab, Rajasthan and Haryana . The waters of the Sutlej are allocated to India under the Indus Waters Treaty between India and Pakistan, and are mostly diverted to irrigation canals in India like the Sirhind Canal , Bhakra Main Line and the Rajasthan canal . The mean annual flow is 14 million acre feet (MAF) (roughly 1.727 × 10 L) upstream of Ropar barrage , downstream of
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1056-553: The river named Haimāvata (whose source is Himavat), flooded and full of crocodiles and other aquatic monsters. So he jumped into the river. The river thinking that Vasishtha was a mass of unquenchable fire dilated itself and flew in a hundred different directions. Henceforth the river was named śatadra (or śatadru) which means the river of a hundred courses. So, Vasishtha landed on dry land and was unharmed. Langqên Zangbo ( Tibetan : གླང་ཆེན་གཙང་པོ , Wylie : glang chen gtsang po ; Chinese : 朗钦藏布 ; pinyin : Lǎngqīn Zàngbù )
1089-479: The south west monsoon season), a hot summer and a cold winter. The year may be divided into four seasons . The period from about middle of November to February is the cold season. This is followed by the summer season from March to about the end of June. The south-west monsoon season commences late in June and continues up to about middle of September. The period from mid September to the middle of November constitutes
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