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20-566: Rus-M was being developed by TsSKB-Progress , beginning in 2009. The program was halted in October 2011, restarted in 2012 and finally cancelled in August 2015. In 2009, Roscomos published the specifications for a Rus-M launch vehicle. Several variants of the Rus-M were later proposed, creating a family of similar launch vehicles. In spring of 2009, TsSKB-Progress won a government contract to develop

40-406: A cargo or satellite payload of 23.8 tons to a 200-km, 51.7-degree circular orbit, a crew vehicle of 18.8 tons to a 135 by 400-km orbit, 7.0 tons to geostationary transfer orbit and 4.0 tons to geostationary orbit . The second variant would add two additional cores, and allow the strapon boosters to detach earlier in flight, boosting payload capacity to 35 tons. Version 3 would use stretched tanks on

60-547: A new launcher for Russia's human space program. The project was featured in MAKS 2009 Airshow , and preliminary design of the vehicle was expected to be submitted to the Russian space agency Roscosmos by August 2010. Safety requirements put forward by Roscosmos emphasized that the launcher design is to be extremely reliable; safe abort options for crewed vehicles must be available at any stage of flight, and vehicle departure from

80-469: A single Energomash RD-180 rocket engine burning kerosene and liquid oxygen. Two upper stages were planned. The first would have used four RD-0146 hydrolox engines developed by Chemical Automatics Design Bureau . The second option would have been a kerosene fueled stage common with Soyuz-2 . The first version of the rocket was to use three first stage cores, inseparably bolted together, with an RD-0146 powered second stage. It would have been able to lift

100-761: Is a Russian joint-stock company under the jurisdiction of Roscosmos . It builds and operates the Soyuz family of rockets , the primary launch vehicle for the Russian space programme and derived from the R-7 missile. The company is a direct descendent of the Soviet-era State Aviation Plant No. 1, established in 1941, which came to be known as "Progress" and the Central Specialized Design Bureau (TsSKB, Russian : Центральное специализированное конструкторское бюро ) which

120-759: The R-7 family of rockets, designed and constructed by Progress in Samara, Russia . The rocket's guidance, navigation, and control system was developed and manufactured by the Polisvit Special Design Bureau in Kharkiv , Ukraine. Soyuz-FG made its maiden flight on 20 May 2001, carrying a Progress cargo spacecraft to the International Space Station (ISS). It was retired after the 25 September 2019 launch of Soyuz MS-15 to

140-467: The Soviet Union government ordered State Aviation Plant No.1 to begin production of R-7 Semyorka rockets. The Central Specialized Design Bureau (TsSKB) was established on 30 June 1974. Dmitri Kozlov , who had been the chief designer of the R-7 and a Deputy Chief Designer of ОКB-1 , was appointed General Designer of TsSKB on 6 July 1983. On 12 April 1996, two Russian aerospace organizations,

160-513: The Soyuz MS-10 mission. A video recording of the spaceflight released several weeks later suggested a faulty sensor, resulted in the destruction of the rocket. The crew, NASA astronaut Nick Hague and Russian cosmonaut Aleksey Ovchinin , escaped safely. The FG designation stands for forsunochnaya golovka , Russian for injector head , the main component which received significant improvements. The previous RD-107 and RD-108 engines on

180-534: The Central Specialized Design Bureau ( Russian : Центральное специализированное конструкторское бюро ), TsSKB, and the Samara Progress plant were merged to form TsSKB-Progress. In 2003, A.N. Kirilin was appointed as General Director of "TsSKB-Progress", and D.I. Kozlov became its Honorary General Designer. Soyuz FG The Soyuz-FG launch vehicle was an improved version of the Soyuz-U from

200-831: The ISS; the analog control system significantly limited its capabilities and prompted its replacement by the Soyuz 2 . From 30 October 2002 to 25 September 2019, the Soyuz-FG was the only vehicle used by the Russian Federal Space Agency to launch Soyuz TMA , Soyuz TMA-M and Soyuz MS crewed spacecraft to the ISS. For uncrewed flights, Soyuz-FG optionally flew with a Fregat upper stage , developed and produced by Lavochkin Association in Khimki . The maiden flight of this configuration occurred on 2 June 2003,

220-797: The Progress factory; of them, 5,000 work in rocket and satellite systems, and 360 work on the R-7 production line at any given time. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the factory has also diversified into machine tools, vodka and sweets. In 1941, the State Aviation Plant No.1 was moved from Moscow to the city now known as Samara, Russia , near the Volga River . The plant, named Dooks , had been created in 1917, using facilities in Moscow which had previously been used for

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240-408: The booster cores, increasing payload again to 50 tons. Version 4 would fly with only a single core, and a Soyuz 2-derived upper stage. TsSKB Progress was responsible for overall project leadership, system integration, second stage development and production. First stage development was to be led by Makeev KB Mash , while NPO Avtomatiki was to provide the rocket's flight control system. After Rus-M

260-477: The first and second stages, respectively, used 260 two-component centrifugal injectors. The improved RD-107A and RD-108A engines each had more than a thousand one-component injectors. These new injectors allowed finer aeration of propellant for more thorough burning and reduced the probability of high-frequency vibrations inside the combustion chambers. The result was increase in specific impulse by about 5 seconds (0.049 km/s), or about five percent, which allowed

280-682: The first of ten such launches. Launches of the Soyuz-FG/Fregat configuration were marketed by a European-Russian company called Starsem . Soyuz-FG was launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan , from Gagarin's Start (Site 1/5) for crewed missions, and from Site 31/6 for satellite launches with the Fregat upper stage. The Soyuz-FG performed 64 successful launches until its first failure on 11 October 2018 with

300-441: The launch pad must be guaranteed for the case of an emergency during an early stage of the launch sequence. The launcher was planned to provide a basis for a future heavy launcher capable to carry a payload of 50—60 tons, as well as for a super-heavy design lifting 130—150 tons. Four variants of Rus-M were planned for development. Each version would use a variable number of common cores as the first stage and boosters, each powered by

320-653: The manufacture of bicycles, motorcycles, and various other vehicles. Before World War II , the plant had manufactured several aeroplane models at the Moscow location, including the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3 . During the war, the plant manufactured Ilyushin Il-2 and Ilyushin Il-10 aircraft. In 1946, it began production of Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-9 and Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 jet fighters, and in 1954, it started to produce Tupolev Tu-16 bombers. On 2 January 1958,

340-538: The rocket to list another 250 to 300 kilograms (550 to 660 lb) of payload to orbit. While Progress was already developing the heavily modernized Soyuz 2 rocket, beacuse the RD-107A and RD-108A engines were already tested and ready for flight, the company decided to introduce the Soyuz-FG as an intermediate upgrade between the Soyuz U, which would remain in use to expend the remaining stock of older engines, and until

360-524: Was established in 1974 to continue to refine the design of the R-7. The two groups were merged on 12 April 1996 to form this company, initially called TsSKB-Progress ( Russian : ЦСКБ-Прогресс ). Progress Centre was the developer and manufacturer of the Soyuz FG series of launch vehicles that were used for human spaceflight launches, and the Soyuz-U series that were used for robotic spacecraft launches. Commercial marketing of these launch vehicles

380-621: Was handled by the company Starsem . TsSKB-Progress' satellite products include the Foton and Foton-M science satellite series along with the Yantar military reconnaissance and the Resurs DK civilian observation satellites. The company's main production facilities are located in the city of Samara , Russia. They include a design bureau, a large R-7 factory called Progress and an affiliate design bureau KB Foton . Up to 25,000 people work in

400-696: Was ultimately canceled in 2011 after falling victim to the Great Recession , and competition with Angara , TsSKB Progress disclosed the existence of the Soyuz-5 rocket concept in 2013. Soyuz-5, later renamed "Irtysh" , became the successor to Rus-M after Rus-M's cancelation and Irtysh surviving Roscosmos budget cuts in 2015. TsSKB-Progress 53°13′14.52″N 50°18′04.32″E  /  53.2207000°N 50.3012000°E  / 53.2207000; 50.3012000 Rocket and Space Centre "Progress" ( Russian : Ракетно-космический центр «Прогресс» )

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