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24-629: Along the northern border with China runs the Yalu River and the Tumen River . In between the rivers, and the source of both, is Paektu Mountain , revered by both the Koreans and Manchurians as the mythic origin of each people. The North Korean government claims that Kim Jong-il was born there when his parents were at a Communist anti-Japanese resistance camp at the mountain. The North Korean-Chinese border for 32 kilometres (20 mi) east of

48-827: A portion of the river, called Supung Lake . In addition, the river is used for transportation, particularly of lumber from its forested banks. The river provides fish for the local population. Downstream of Sup'ung is the Taipingwan Dam . Upstream of Sup'ung is the Unbong Dam . Both dams produce hydroelectric power, as well. In the river delta upstream from Dandong and adjacent to Hushan are several North Korean villages. Economic conditions in these villages have been described as poor, without access to electricity. Revised Romanization of Korean Revised Romanization of Korean ( 국어의 로마자 표기법 ; Gugeoui romaja pyogibeop ; lit.  "Roman-letter notation of

72-623: A word from Old Korean used to refer to the 'spirituality (신령성; 神靈性) of the sun'. The second component might be related to the Old Korean word for 'river, stream', nari (나리, 川理). Two other theories exist for the name Yalu: one theory is that the name derived from Yalu ula ( ᠶᠠᠯᡠ ᡠᠯᠠ ) in the Manchu language . The Manchu word yalu ( ᠶᠠᠯᡠ ) means "the boundary between two countries". In Mandarin Chinese, yālù phonetically approximates

96-669: Is 795 kilometers (494 mi) long and receives water from over 30,000 km (12,000 sq mi).) of land. The Yalu's most significant tributaries are the Changjin ( 장진강 ; 長津江 ), the Hochon ( 허천강 ; 虛川江 ), the Togro ( 독로강 ; 禿魯江 ) rivers from Korea and the Ai (or Aihe) ( 璦河 ) and the Hun ( 浑江 ) from China. The river is not easily navigable for most of its length. Most of

120-473: Is a river on the border between China and North Korea . Together with the Tumen River to its east, and a small portion of Paektu Mountain , the Yalu forms the border between China and North Korea. Its valley has been the scene of several military conflicts in the past centuries. It borders North Korea to the south and China to the north. The Chinese name Yalu ("duck-green") was first attested during

144-475: Is not expected to be adopted as the official romanization of Korean family names (example I , Bak , Gim , Choe instead of Lee , Park , Kim , Choi which are used commonly). However, South Korea's Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism recommends those who "newly" register their romanized names to follow the Revised Romanization of Korean. In addition, North Korea continues to use

168-519: The China–North Korea border , the river flows south to Hyesan before sweeping 130 km (81 mi) north-west to Linjiang and then returning to a more southerly route for a further 300 km (190 mi) to empty into Korea Bay between Dandong (China) and Sinuiju (North Korea). The bordering Chinese provinces are Jilin and Liaoning , while the bordering North Korean provinces are North Pyongan , Chagang and Ryanggang . The river

192-627: The Tang dynasty . According to the Tongdian (8th century), the river was named after its color, which resembled that of a mallard 's head. The Korean name "Amnok" follows the Sino-Korean reading of the same name. In ancient times, the river was known as Peishui ( Paesu , 浿水) or Mazishui ( Majasu , 馬訾水). Historically, it was also known by the Korean name of Arinarye (아리나례강, 阿利那禮江). Ari ,

216-466: The breve was removed. Especially in early internet use, where omission of apostrophes and breves is common, this caused confusion. These are notable features of the Revised Romanization system: In addition, special provisions are for regular phonological rules in exceptions to transcription (see Korean phonology ). Other rules and recommendations include the following: ㄱ , ㄷ , ㅂ and ㄹ are transcribed as g , d , b and r when placed at

240-449: The Yalu. A 1962 border treaty between North Korea and China split the islands according to which ethnic group was living on each island. North Korea possesses 127 and China 78. Due to the division criteria, some islands such as Hwanggumpyong Island belong to North Korea, but abut the Chinese side of the river. The river basin is the site where the ancient Korean kingdom of Goguryeo rose to power. Many former fortresses are located along

264-471: The absence of special symbols. To be specific, under the McCune–Reischauer system, the consonants ㄱ ( k ), ㄷ ( t ), ㅂ ( p ) and ㅈ ( ch ) and ㅋ ( k ' ), ㅌ ( t ' ), ㅍ ( p ' ) and ㅊ ( ch ' ) became indistinguishable when the apostrophe was removed. In addition, the vowels ㅓ ( ŏ ) and ㅗ ( o ), as well as ㅡ ( ŭ ) and ㅜ ( u ), became indistinguishable when

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288-597: The beginning of a word or coming before a vowel, and as k , t , p and l when followed by another consonant or when appearing at the end of a word. Almost all road signs, names of railway and subway stations on line maps and signs, etc. have been changed according to Revised Romanization of Korean ( RR , also called South Korean or Ministry of Culture (MC) 2000 ). It is estimated to have cost at least 500 billion won to 600 billion won (US$ 500–600 million) to carry out this procedure. All Korean textbooks, maps and signs to do with cultural heritage were required to comply with

312-764: The early 1990s, although the Tumen River remains the most-used way for such refugees. According to one scholar, the Korean-Chinese border along the Yalu River is the longest unchanged international border in history, lasting for at least 1,000 years. The river is important for hydroelectric power, and one of the largest hydroelectric dams in Asia is in Sup'ung Dam , 106 metres (348 feet) high and over 850 metres (2,790 feet) long, located upstream from Sinuiju , North Korea . The dam has created an artificial lake over

336-595: The establishment of the Joseon dynasty . The river has been the site of several battles because of its strategic location between Korea and China, including: The southern side of the river was heavily industrialized during the period of Japanese rule (1910–1945), and by 1945 almost 20% of Japan 's total industrial output originated in Korea . During the Korean War , the movement of United Nations troops approaching

360-582: The focal point of a series of dogfights for air supremacy over North Korea, earning the nickname " MiG Alley " in reference to the MiG-15 fighters flown by the combined North Korean, Chinese, and Soviet forces. As UN forces during the Korean War advanced toward the Yalu, China under Chairman Mao Zedong entered the war on the side of North Korea under dictator Kim Il-sung . The river has frequently been crossed by North Koreans fleeing to China since

384-419: The mountain is "dry, remote and mountainous, barely patrolled," making it one of the crossing areas for refugees from North Korea into China, although most, including refugees from Ryanggang itself, prefer to cross over the Tumen River . Although all of North Korea is economically depressed after Soviet dissolution , Ryanggang province, along with neighboring North Hamgyong and South Hamgyong provinces, are

408-792: The national language") is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea. It was developed by the National Academy of the Korean Language from 1995 and was released to the public on 7 July 2000 by South Korea's Ministry of Culture and Tourism in Proclamation No. 2000-8. The new system addressed problems in the implementation of the McCune–Reischauer system, such as the phenomena where different consonants and vowels became indistinguishable in

432-411: The new system by 28 February 2002. Romanization of surnames and existing companies' names has been left untouched because of the reasons explained below. However, the Korean government recommends using the revised romanization of Korean for the new names. Like several European languages that have undergone spelling reforms (such as Portuguese , German , Polish or Swedish ), the Revised Romanization

456-648: The original Manchu word, but literally means "duck green", which was said to have been once the color of the river. The other theory is that the river was named after the combination of its two upper branches, which were called " 鴨 " ( Yā or Ap ) and " 綠 " ( Lù or R (or n ) ok )", respectively. Revised Romanization of Korean spelled it Amnokgang ( Korean pronunciation: [amnok.k͈aŋ] ; "Amnok River") and Revised Romanization of Hangeul spelled it Aprokgang ( Korean pronunciation: [amnok.k͈aŋ] ; "Aprok River"). From 2,500 metres (8,200 feet) above sea level on Paektu Mountain on

480-523: The poorest, forming North Korea's "Rust Belt" of industrialized cities with factories now decrepit and failing. The worst hunger of the 1990s famine years occurred in these three provinces, and most refugees into China come from the Rust Belt region. An explosion and mushroom cloud was reportedly detected in Kimhyŏngjik -gun on 9 September 2004, the 56th anniversary of the creation of North Korea. This

504-462: The river and the former capital of that kingdom was situated at what is now the medium-sized city of Ji'an along the Yalu, a site rich in Goguryeo-era relics. Wihwa Island on the river is historically famous as the place where, in 1388, General Yi Songgye (later Taejo of Joseon ) decided to turn back his army southward to Kaesong in the first of a series of revolts that eventually led to

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528-606: The river freezes during winter and can be crossed on foot. The depth of the Yalu River varies from some of the more shallow parts on the eastern side in Hyesan (1 meter (3 ft 3 in)) to the deeper parts of the river near the Yellow Sea (2.5 meters (8 ft 2 in)). The estuary is the site of the Amrok River estuary Important Bird Area , identified as such by BirdLife International . About 205 islands are on

552-486: The river, despite repeated warnings by China not to, precipitated massive Chinese intervention from around Dandong . In the course of the conflict every bridge across the river except one was destroyed. The one remaining bridge was the Sino-Korean Friendship Bridge connecting Sinuiju , North Korea to Dandong , China. During the war the valley surrounding the western end of the river also became

576-548: Was reported a few days later on 12 September. In recent years, power supply problems have become prevalent in Ryanggang. Ryanggang is divided into 2 cities ( si ) and 10 counties ( kun ). Each entity is listed below in English, Chosŏn'gŭl , and Hanja . Yalu River The Yalu River ( Chinese : 鸭绿江 ; pinyin : Yālù Jiāng ) or Amnok River ( Korean :  압록강 ; MR :  Amnokkang )

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