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37-410: An early fortress stood on the castle's grounds in the sixteenth century. At the end of the same century, Mikołaj Spytek Ligęza built a Motte-and-bailey castle close to the current castle's location. In 1620 he expanded the castle into a "Palazzo in fortezza". Following his death in 1637, the castle was inherited by his daughter Konstancja Ligęza , who married Prince Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski . Thus,

74-468: A Polish noble is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Castellan Philosophers Works A castellan , or constable , was the governor of a castle in medieval Europe . Its surrounding territory was referred to as the castellany. The word stems from castellanus . A castellan was almost always male, but could occasionally be female, as when, in 1194, Beatrice of Bourbourg inherited her father's castellany of Bourbourg upon

111-399: A castellan , he ordered for a reconstruction of the castle. The newly reconstructed castle was built in the newly popular Palazzo in fortezza architectural form. The loess was built up with moats and bastions in a New-Italian style, built up with stone and brick pallium ; some parts with clay . The former defensive walls were incorporated as inner walls of the castle. This allowed

148-468: A facade in the central part of the structure. They were finished off by ramparts . Miko%C5%82aj Spytek Lig%C4%99za Mikołaj Spytek Ligęza (c. 1562–1637) was a Polish–Lithuanian noble ( szlachcic ). He was castellan of Czechów , Żarnów , Sandomierz and was owner of Rzeszów . He was son of Mikołaj Ligęza and Elżbieta Jordan. He had two children: daughters Zofia Pudencjanna Ligęza and Konstancja Ligęza . This biography of

185-566: A cumbrous structure, stands to the south by the lake. All of these places were in a very good state before the war with the Cossacks, after it everything seems to be abandoned. ( Na przedmieściu stoi śliczny kościół, a jeszcze lepszy w mieście, obydwa z kamienia [...]. Ciężko zbudowany zamek wznosi się na południe od miasta nad jeziorem. Wszystko to znajdowało się w bardzo dobrym stanie przed wojną kozacką, teraz zaś po niej wszystko jest opuszczone. Polish ) Jerzey Lubomirski died in 1667, giving

222-447: A double-courtyard located in the northern part of the complex. The complex's floor plan was similar to that of a square . Close by to the complex there was a number of warehouses - whose function remains uncertain. The whole complex and warehouses were surrounded by a thick defensive wall - whose thickness passed 1,5 metres . The three parts of the complex (east, west and south) all had posterns with battery artillery. The fortification

259-484: A free noble or a ministerialis , but either way, he administered the castle as a vassal . A ministerialis , was wholly subordinate to a lord and was under his control. Ministeriales replaced free nobles as castellans of Hohensalzburg under Conrad I of Abensberg ’s tenure as Archbishop of Salzburg from 1106 to 1147, beginning with Henry of Seekirchen in the 1130s. In the Medieval Kingdom of Hungary

296-487: Is a term denoting a district administered by a castellan. Castellanies appeared during the Middle Ages and in most current states are now replaced by a more modern type of county subdivision. The word is derived from castle and literally means the extent of land and jurisdiction attached to a given castle. There are equivalent, often cognate, terms in other languages. Examples of French châtelainies include

333-621: The English Channel . The Constable of the Tower of London and those castellans subordinate to the dukes of Normandy were responsible for their administration. Vivian Lipman posits four reasons for this: the castles provided defence, they were centres of administration, their dungeons were used as prisons, and castellans could turn to the Jewish community to borrow money as usury was forbidden to Catholics. A castellany , or castellania,

370-569: The French Revolution . During the 19th and 20th centuries, châtelain was used to describe the owner of a castle or manor house, in many cases a figure of authority in his parish, akin to the English squire . In Germany the castellan was known as a Burgmann , or sometimes Hauptmann ("captain"), who reported to the lord of the castle, or Burgherr , also often known as the burgrave ( Burggraf ). The burgmann may have been either

407-701: The Lodz Voivodeship , and Wojnicz now in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship or Otmuchów in Silesia . In France, castellans (known in French as châtelains ) who governed castellanies without a resident count , acquired considerable powers such that the position became hereditary. By the tenth century, the fragmentation of power had become so widespread that in Mâcon , for instance, where

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444-821: The Officers of the Kingdom of Jerusalem . Anselm was the first such castellan, c. 1110. A castellan was established in Valletta on the island of Malta. In the Kingdom of Poland and later the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth , castellans ( Polish : Kasztelan ) were the lowest rung of the territorial administration of the country and deferred to voivodes (with the exception of the Burgrave of Kraków (Polish Burgrabia krakowski ) who had precedence over

481-604: The Polish army during a rebellion in 1663. Additional damage was caused during a war with the Cossacks . After Lubomirski took on a bannire, he was expelled and moved to Silesia , which caused the fortifications in Rzeszów not to be reconstructed. When Ulryk Werdum passed through the town in 1671 he described it as: In the suburb there stands a beautiful church, and even a better one in town, both made of stone [...]. The castle,

518-616: The Voivode of Kraków ). Castellans were in charge of a subdivision of a voivodeship called the castellany (Polish Kasztelania ) until the 15th-century. From then on castellanies, depending on their size, either became provinces , or in the case of smaller domains were replaced by powiats and the castellan role became honorific and was replaced in situ by a Starosta . Castellans in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth were of senatorial rank and were often appointed from

555-484: The "ban" – that is, to hear court cases and collect fines, taxes from residents, and muster local men for the defence of the area or the realm. There are similarities with a lord of the manor . Castellans had the power to administer all local justice, including sentencing and punishments up to and including the death penalty, as when, in 1111, the Salzburg castellan caught the minister fomenting armed rebellion and had

592-471: The 9th century, as fortifications improved and kings had difficulty making their subordinates pay their taxes or send the military aid they demanded, castellans grew in power, holding their fiefdoms without much concern for their overlord's demands. This changed as kings grew in power and as the Holy Roman Emperors replaced recalcitrant vassals with rival ministerial appointments. Usually

629-636: The Crown Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski took over the estate. He was an active politician and military commander of the Anti-Crown Opposition. During his reign, the castle did not have military importance, this also included the Łańcut Castle - an important residence; this state must have been caused by the castle's devastation. The fortifications were greatly devastated by the Swedes during The Deluge , as well as

666-517: The battles with Cossacks and Tatars , the castle's military significance rose. He agreed, after raising the issue at the Sejmik , that he will spend three years to rebuild the castle's fortifications. As stated in Tylman's plans, the castle was rebuilt in a square formation, with four wings both having two levels each, protected by a ravelin at the castle's southern wing. The courtyard's levels had

703-497: The castellan of Uxelles annexed first Briançon , then Sennecey-le-Grand and finally l'Épervière. In other areas, castellans did not manage to rise to noble status and remained the local officer of a noble. During the Ancien Régime , castellans were heads of local royal administration, and their power was further delegated to their lieutenants. All remaining lordships and local royal administrators were suppressed during

740-575: The castellan was called "várnagy", and in the Latin chronicles he appeared as "castellanus". The lord of the castle had very similar functions to those in German lands. In Hungary the King initially designated castellans from among his court for the administration of castles and estates. Later designation of castellans devolved to the most powerful noblemen. At one time there was a castellan nominated from among

777-567: The castellanies of Ivry-la-Bataille , Nonancourt , Pacy-sur-Eure , Vernon and Gaillon , all in Normandy, which under in the treaty of Issoudun of 1195, after a war with King Richard I of England , were acquired for the French crown by Philip Augustus . Examples of castellanies in Poland include: Łęczyca and Sieradz (both duchies at one time), Spycimierz , Rozprza , Wolbórz now in

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814-478: The castellany was the basic unit of governance, there was no effective administrative level above it, so that the counts of Mâcon were largely ignored by their subordinate castellans from about 980 to 1030. In the 12th century châtelains had become "lords" in their own right and were able to expand their territories to include weaker castellanies. Thus the castellan of Beaujeu was able to take over lands in Lyons , or

851-618: The castle and call it the Ligęza's and moat it all , ( aby zamku domurowała i po wieczne czasy Ligęzowem nazwała i obwałować kazała , Polish ). Ligęza signed off his castle to his daughters: Pudancja and Konstancja. However, due to the decision taken up by the Crown Tribunal , all of the estate was only given to the Konstancja. This caused scuffles between Pudancja's and Konstancja's husbands; as Konstancja's husband - Court Marshall of

888-540: The castle to have an additional defensive wing. The investment was never finished, however its modernisation allowed for new batteries to be constructed; this had allowed the castle to successfully be defended against by a raid of Tartars . During the reconstruction, the castle had been protected by a full army. The fortifications had been additionally encircled by a wood and partially stone settlements including Mrowla , Świlcza , Krasne and Malawa . Mikołaj Ligęza died in 1637. In his testament to his wife he said: fortify

925-452: The castle was put under the ownership of the House of Lubomirski . Most of the building works were done by Tylman van Gameren and Karol Henryk Wiedemann. In 1820 the complex was brought under Austrian authorities; which adapted the building for a courthouse and a prison. The building was deconstructed at the beginning of the twentieth century due to its poor state. The only parts left from

962-630: The death of her brother, Roger. Similarly, Agnes became the castellan of Harlech Castle upon the death of her husband John de Bonvillars in 1287. The title of "governor" is retained in the English prison system , as a remnant of the medieval idea of the castellan as head of the local prison. During the Migration Period after the fall of the Western Roman Empire (third to sixth century), foreign tribes entered Western Europe, causing strife. The answer to recurrent invasion

999-410: The duties of a castellan consisted of military responsibility for the castle's garrison , maintaining defences and protecting the castle's lands, combined with the legal administration of local lands and workers including the castle's domestic staff. The responsibility applied even where there was no resident castellan at the castle, or if he was frequently absent. A castellan could exercise the power of

1036-466: The estate to his son, Hieronim Augustyn Lubomirski . In the first few years after his father's death, Hieronim took on dealing with war specialised equipment and crafts - he fought with the Turks , Tatars and Cossacks . Only up until about 1682, did he begin works on reconstructing the castle in Rzeszów , which he entrusted to Tylman van Gameren . Due to many battles in the region of Rzeszów , such as

1073-519: The middle of the western wall. The main reason for Ligęza to build such powerful and well defended fortress may have been to so to underline his importance, authority and wealth, making his fortress and fortifications to have a greater role for repressing the people, and accepting his reign, than actually serving as a defensive fortress. Such perception can be strengthened by the accounts of his nephew - Andrzej Ligęza, who tried to become his successor. In 1603, he marched his army into Rzeszów - devastating

1110-500: The nobility, but not exclusively so. In Portugal, a castellan was known as an Alcaide . Later, the role of the alcaide became an honorary title awarded by the King of Portugal to certain nobles. As the honorary holder of the office of alcaide did not often live near the castle, a delegate started to be appointed to effectively govern it in his place. An honorary holder of the office became known as alcaide-mor (major alcaide ) and

1147-399: The offender blinded, "as one would a serf". Later the castellan came to serve as the representative of the people of his castellany. So happened in the case of the castellan of Bruges , when the burghers stood up for more privileges and liberties from the counts of Flanders . A particular responsibility in western Europe concerned jurisdiction over the resident Jewish communities bordering

Rzeszów Castle - Misplaced Pages Continue

1184-485: The original complex are the gatehouse and bastion fortifications. The Lubomirski Palace is located close to the Castle. The founder of the Castle was the castellan of Czchów and Sandomierz Mikołaj Spytek Ligęza. The land was partially owned Rzeszów 's Elżbieta Komarnicka, widow of Adam Rzeszowski. The rest of the nearby lands were owned by Elżbieta's sisters - Katarzyna and Zofia. The capital of Rzeszów's lands

1221-435: The sixteenth century, whose fortifications are still currently found. Not a lot is known about the initial construction of Ligęza 's fortress (castle). No information about the architect nor scripture of the fortress has been preserved. Most of the information gathered about the complex is of the stock-taking done by Zygmund Hendel in 1897. The main building of the complex was fortified with walls, it had several levels and

1258-557: The walls, burned the warehouses and began besieging the castle - which was successful after a few days. Mikołaj Ligęza addressed the situation by devastating Andrzej's property in Staroniwa and Zwieńczyca. In effect Andrzej had looted Rzeszów , regaining the castle. In the following years, Mikołaj Ligęza had continued his scuffles with Stanisław Stadnicki of Łańcut (1600-1605), and with his son Władysław (1617-1619). All of these clashes meant that, after 1620, when Mikołaj Ligęza became

1295-411: Was located on a loess hill, in between Wisłok flood waters, allowing natural defences. The residence was located on top of a cliff side, in the town of Ligęza . If such complex existed, it would have stone fortifications and wooden farm houses in the centre. The fortress' courtyard was made of mud and wood, strengthened by wooden towers, located in its corners. The Ligęza fortress was expanded during

1332-409: Was strengthened by a bastion , located in the south-east corner of the complex's square formation. It is likely that another one stood in the south-west of the complex. There is no other identification for the former existence of two other bastions , although during Ligęza's reign they might have been planned. The gate which allowed access to head into the castle was located, where it currently is, in

1369-403: Was to create fortified areas which evolved into castles . Some military leaders gained control of several areas, each with a castle. The problem lay in exerting control and authority in each area when a leader could only be in one place at a time. To overcome this, they appointed castellans as their trusted vassals to manage a castle in exchange for obligations to the landlord, often a noble. In

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