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36-557: [REDACTED] Media related to Rötspitze at Wikimedia Commons This Tyrol location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a mountain, mountain range, or peak located in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Tyrol (state) Tyrol ( / t ɪ ˈ r oʊ l , t aɪ ˈ r oʊ l , ˈ t aɪ r oʊ l / tih- ROHL , ty- ROHL , TY -rohl ; German : Tirol [tiˈʁoːl] ; Italian : Tirolo [tiˈrɔːlo] )

72-645: A section of his territory against the claims of Count Meinhard of Gorizia-Tyrol . Likewise Duke Frederick IV of Habsburg , ruler of Tyrol and Further Austria , called "of the Empty Pockets", compelled the Bishops of Brixen to acknowledge his authority. The dissensions between Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa (1450-1464), appointed by Pope Nicholas V as Bishop of Brixen, and the Austrian Archduke Sigismund of Habsburg were also unfortunate;

108-547: A seminary for theological students; enlarged the cathedral school, and distinguished himself as a great benefactor of the poor and sick. The 17th and 18th centuries many monasteries were founded, new missions for the cure of souls established, and the religious instruction of the people greatly promoted; in 1677 the University of Innsbruck was founded. The most prominent prince-bishops of this period were: Kaspar Ignaz, Count von Kunigl (1702–47), who founded many benefices for

144-565: A thoroughly comparable picture: In Vienna and Lower Austria, Austria patriotism dominated (1988) over territorial consciousness. In Upper Austria, Salzburg and Styria, national patriotism slightly outweighed federal state patriotism. In Carinthia, Tyrol and Vorarlberg, national patriotism clearly dominated. When asked to rate their own national patriotism on a ten-point scale, 83% of Carinthians, 69% of Tyroleans, 63% of Vorarlbergers, Burgenlanders and Styrians, 59% of Upper Austrians, 55% of Lower Austrians, 47% of Viennese and 43% of Salzburgers gave it

180-541: Is an Austrian federal state . It comprises the Austrian part of the historical Princely County of Tyrol . It is a constituent part of the present-day Euroregion Tyrol–South Tyrol–Trentino (together with South Tyrol and Trentino in Italy ). The capital of Tyrol is Innsbruck . Tyrol is separated into two parts, divided by a 7-kilometre wide (4.3 mi) strip of Salzburg State . The two constituent parts of Tyrol are

216-429: Is associated with Tyrol it is also known as "Tyrolean Dried Fruit Bread". The question of which regional unit was the bearer of primary identification was raised in the 1987 Austrian Consciousness Survey. The possible answers were: the hometown (local patriotism), one's own province (regional patriotism), (Central) Europe (European consciousness), the world (cosmopolitanism). A research project led by Peter Diem offers

252-475: Is divided into nine districts ( Bezirke ); one of them, Innsbruck, is a statutory city . There are 277 municipalities. The districts and their administrative centres, from west to east and north to south, are: The traditional form of mural art known as Lüftlmalerei is typical of Tyrolean villages and towns. Kletzenbrot is a sweet bread made with dried fruits and nuts for the Advent season . Because it

288-496: Is known for its university, and especially for its medicine. Tyrol is popular for its famous ski resorts, which include Kitzbühel , Ischgl and St. Anton . The 15 largest towns in Tyrol are: The historical population is given in the following chart: The federal state's gross domestic product (GDP) was 34.6 billion euro in 2018, accounting for 9% of Austria's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power

324-490: Is now part of the Diocese of Bolzano-Brixen . The Diocese of Brixen is the continuation of that of Säben Abbey near Klausen , which, according to legend, was founded about 350 as Sabiona by Saint Cassian of Imola . As early as the 3rd century, Christianity had penetrated Sabiona, at that time a Roman custom station of considerable commercial importance. It may have been a retreat of the bishops of Augusta Vindelicorum ,

360-622: Is the third-largest federal state in Austria. North Tyrol shares its borders with the federal states Salzburg in the east and Vorarlberg in the west. In the north, it adjoins the German federal state of Bavaria ; in the south, it shares borders with the Italian province of South Tyrol and the Swiss canton of Graubünden . East Tyrol shares its borders with the federal state of Carinthia to

396-839: The Kingdom of Italy according to the 1915 London Pact and the provisions of the Treaty of Saint Germain . From November 1918, it was occupied by 20,000–22,000 soldiers of the Italian Army. Tyrol was the center of an important resistance group against Nazi Germany around Walter Caldonazzi, which united with the group around the priest Heinrich Maier and the Tyrolean Franz Josef Messner. The Catholic resistance group very successfully passed on plans and production facilities for V-1 rockets , V-2 rockets , Tiger tanks , Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet and other aircraft to

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432-688: The Slavs of the Puster Valley persisted in paganism until the 8th century. By the late 6th century the region became part of the Agilolfing stem duchy of Bavaria , which in 788 finally fell under Frankish overlordship. Urged by King Charlemagne , Pope Leo III assigned Säben as a suffragan diocese to the Archbishopric of Salzburg in 798. After King Louis the Child in 901 granted Säben

468-632: The "tribes" that a book published in London would like to portray. (The Times Guide to the Peoples of Europe, London 1994 The Times guide to the peoples of Europe ) Bishopric of Brixen The Prince-Bishopric of Brixen ( German : Hochstift Brixen, Fürstbistum Brixen, Bistum Brixen ) was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire in the present-day northern Italian province of South Tyrol . It should not be confused with

504-729: The 11th century courtships in the Inntal and the Eisack valley (granted to the Counts of Tyrol , and in 1165 territory in the Inntal and the Puster Valley to the Counts of Andechs- Meran . The Counts of Tyrol, in particular, who had fallen heir in large part to the territories of the Duke of Merania, constantly grew in power. Bishop Bruno (1249-1288) had difficulty in asserting his authority over

540-688: The Allies, with which they could target German production facilities. Maier and his group informed the American secret service OSS very early on about the mass murder of Jews in Auschwitz. For after the war they planned an Austria united with South Tyrol and Bavaria. After World War II , North Tyrol was governed by France and East Tyrol was part of the British Zone of occupation until Austria regained independence in 1955. The capital, Innsbruck,

576-713: The County of Tyrol (which in the next year became a constituent land of the Austrian Empire ), but Tyrol was ceded to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1805. Andreas Hofer led the Tyrolean Rebellion against the French and Bavarian occupiers. Later, South Tyrol was ceded to the Kingdom of Italy , a client state of the First French Empire, by Bavaria in 1810. After Napoleon's defeat, the whole of Tyrol

612-630: The Meinhardiner Dynasty, Margaret , bequeathed her assets to the Habsburg duke Rudolph IV of Austria in 1363. In 1420, the committal residence was relocated from Merano to Innsbruck. The Tyrolean lands were reunited when the Habsburgs inherited the estates of the extinct Counts of Görz in 1500. In the course of the German mediatization in 1803, the prince-bishoprics of Trent and Brixen were secularized and merged into

648-616: The Norital, from Henry IV in 1091 the Puster Valley . In 1179 Frederick I Barbarossa conferred on the bishop the title and dignity of a prince of the Holy Roman Empire . This accounts for the fact that during the difficulties between the Papacy and the Empire, the Bishops of Brixen like the neighbouring Trent bishops generally took the part of the emperors. Particularly notorious is the case of Altwin , during whose episcopate (1049-1091)

684-702: The adherents of the new teachings, chiefly the Anabaptists , who had been secretly propagating their sect; thus they preserved religious unity in the district of Tyrol and the Diocese of Brixen. At this time important services were rendered in safeguarding the Catholic Faith by the Jesuits , Capuchins , Franciscans , and Servites. Bishops of the period include: Cardinal Andrew of Austria (1591-1600), and Christoph IV von Spaur (1601-1613), who in 1607 founded

720-416: The cardinal was made a prisoner, and although the pope placed the diocese under an interdict, Sigismund came out victor in the struggle. The Reformation was proclaimed in the Diocese of Brixen during the episcopate of Christoph I von Schrofenstein (1509-1521) by German emissaries, like Strauss, Urban Regius, and others. In 1525, under Bishop Georg III of Austria (1525-1539), a peasants' uprising broke out in

756-568: The care of souls, made diocesan visitations, kept a strict watch over the discipline and moral purity of his clergy, introduced missions under Jesuit Fathers, etc.; Leopold, Count von Spaur (1747-1778), who rebuilt the seminary, completed and consecrated the cathedral, and enjoyed the high esteem of Empress Maria Theresa ; Joseph Philipp, Count von Spaur (1780-1791), a friend of learning, who, however, in his ecclesiastical policy, leaned towards Josephinism. The Government of Emperor Joseph II dealt roughly with church interests; about twenty monasteries of

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792-641: The course of the Etsch and Eisack in present South Tyrol over the Brenner and then following the northern Wipp valley to Hall. From there roads branched along the River Inn . The Via Raetia went westwards and up onto the Seefeld Plateau , where it crossed into Bavaria where Scharnitz is today. The Porta Claudia , built in the early 17th century is a fortification that underlines the importance of

828-476: The demesne of Prichsna , part of the estates held by his mother Ota , Bishop Rihpert (appointed 967) or Bishop Albuin I (967-1005) had the seat of the diocese transferred to Brixen . Bishop Hartwig (1020–39) raised Brixen to the rank of a city, and surrounded it with fortifications. The diocese received many grants from the Holy Roman Emperors : thus from Conrad II in 1027 the suzerainty in

864-803: The deposition of the Bavarian duke Henry the Proud in 1138, and their possessions formed a state of the Holy Roman Empire in its own right. When the Counts of Tyrol died out in 1253, their estates were inherited by the Meinhardiner Counts of Görz . In 1271, the Tyrolean possessions were divided between Count Meinhard II of Görz and his younger brother Albert I , who took the lands of East Tyrol around Lienz and attached them (as "outer county") to his committal possessions around Gorizia ("inner county"). The last Tyrolean countess of

900-406: The diocese were suppressed, a general seminary was opened at Innsbruck, and pilgrimages and processions were forbidden. The Prince-Bishopric of Brixen as such was not affected. Under Prince-Bishop Franz Karl, Count von Lodron (1791-1828), the temporal power of the prince-bishopric collapsed. In 1803 the principality was secularized, and annexed to Austria, and the cathedral chapter dissolved. During

936-652: The east and Italy's Province of Belluno ( Veneto ) to the south. The federal state's territory is located entirely within the Eastern Alps at the Brenner Pass . The highest mountain in the federal state is the Großglockner , part of the Hohe Tauern range on the border with Carinthia. It has a height of 3,797 m (12,457.35 ft), making it the highest mountain in Austria. In ancient times,

972-423: The highest value. The results of this study underline the assumption of a highly developed sense of national identity in most Austrian provinces. Peculiarly, the federal provinces are also largely "endogamous" in relation to other provinces, i.e. they correspond to what ethnologists would call a gentile association, a "tribe". It is therefore also permissible to identify the inhabitants of the Austrian provinces as

1008-533: The ill-famed synod of 1080 was held in Brixen, at which thirty bishops, partisans of the emperor, declared Pope Gregory VII deposed, and set up as antipope the Bishop of Ravenna , with the name of Clement III . The temporal power of the diocese soon suffered a marked diminution through the action of the bishops themselves, who bestowed large sections of their territory in fief on temporal lords: as for example, in

1044-485: The larger Catholic diocese , over which the prince-bishops exercised only the ecclesiastical authority of an ordinary bishop . The bishopric in the Eisack/Isarco valley was established in the 6th century and gradually received more secular powers. It gained imperial immediacy in 1027 and remained an Imperial Estate until 1803, when it was secularised to Tyrol . The diocese, however, existed until 1964, and

1080-589: The later see of Augsburg , during the Migration Period . The first Bishop of Sabiona vouched for by history is Ingenuinus , mentioned about 580, who appears as suffragan of the Patriarchs of Aquileia . The tribes who pushed into the territory of the present Diocese of Brixen, during the great migratory movements, especially the Bavarians and Lombards , accepted Christianity at an early date; only

1116-539: The northern and larger North Tyrol ( Nordtirol ) and the southeastern and smaller East Tyrol ( Osttirol ). Salzburg State lies to the east of North Tyrol, while on the south Tyrol has a border to the Italian province of South Tyrol , which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire before the First World War . With a land area of 12,683.85 km (4,897.26 sq mi), Tyrol

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1152-755: The region was split between the Roman provinces of Raetia (west of the Inn River) and Noricum . From the mid-6th century, it was resettled by Germanic Bavarii tribes. In the Early Middle Ages it formed the southern part of the German stem duchy of Bavaria , until the Counts of Tyrol , former Vogt officials of the Trent and Brixen prince-bishops at Tyrol Castle , achieved imperial immediacy after

1188-688: The road in the Early Modern Period. Today Tyrol has international road, rail and air connections. Innsbruck Airport is Tyrol's international airport. In addition there are several smaller airports in various places such as St. Johann in Tirol , Höfen in the Außerfern or Langkampfen . Many public transit companies operate a common tariff scheme as part of the Tyrol Transport Association . The federal state

1224-523: The vicinity of Brixen, and several monasteries and strongholds were destroyed. The promise of German king Ferdinand I of Habsburg , civil ruler of Tyrol, to redress the grievances of the peasants restored tranquility, and at a diet held at Innsbruck, the most important demands of the peasants were acceded to. Although in 1532 these promises were withdrawn, peace remained undisturbed. Ferdinand I of Habsburg and his son Archduke Ferdinand II of Austria , in particular, as civil rulers took active measures against

1260-711: Was 40,900 euro or 136% of the EU27 average in the same year. Tyrol has long been a central hub for European long-distance routes and thus a transit land for trans-European trade over the Alps. As early as the 1st century B.C. Tyrol had one of the most important north–south links of the Roman Empire , the Via Claudia Augusta . Roman roads crossed the Tyrol from the Po Plain in present-day Italy, following

1296-430: Was returned to Austria in 1814. Tyrol was a Cisleithanian Kronland (royal territory) of Austria-Hungary from 1867. The County of Tyrol then extended beyond the boundaries of today's federal state, including North Tyrol and East Tyrol; South Tyrol and Trentino ( Welschtirol ) as well as three municipalities, which today are part of the adjacent province of Belluno. After World War I , these lands became part of

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