Nordmarka is the mostly forested region which makes up the northern part of Oslo , Norway . Nordmarka is the largest and most central part of Oslomarka . The area called Nordmarka also extends into the municipalities of Hole , Ringerike , Lunner , Jevnaker and Nittedal . It is the largest part of the Marka borough.
55-582: Rødkleiva is a hill located in Nordmarka in Oslo , Norway . It was taken into use as a slalom hill in 1947 and was used for the combined event of the Holmenkollen Ski Festival eleven times between 1947 and 1963. It hosted the slalom events for the 1952 Winter Olympics , which saw a crowd of at least 25,000 spectators. The Olympic course was 422.5 meters (1,386 ft) long and had
110-723: A winter sports destination. In 1987, a proposal was made for the Holmenkollen area to become a national arena for freestyle skiing , with Rødkleiva to be made into a permanent mogul course. The hill was taken over by Tryvann Ski Resort in 1988. Plans to build a new ski lift which would connect with the other slopes were launched in November of that year. Rødkleiva was planned as the main competition hill for slalom and would regain its Olympics size. Det Norske Veritas withdrew Rødkleiva's approval in October 1988, especially noting
165-460: A 9 kilogram crystal globe. Sub-prizes are also awarded in each individual race discipline, with a smaller 3.5 kg crystal globe. Since 1967 , the big crystal globe has been awarded for the overall title. From the beginning to 1971–72 , discipline titles were awarded with medals. Statistically, those titles have the same value as the small crystal globes, which first appeared for discipline titles in slalom , giant slalom and downhill in
220-606: A cabin at Ruudshøgda, next to Rødkleiva, which was completed in 1961. A new proposal to build a large ski jumping hill in Rødkleiva was launched during the early 1970s, but the Association for the Promotion of Skiing rejected the plans. From the 1970s, Association for the Promotion of Skiing worked with plans to renovate the hill, especially to fill in the lower section close to Lillevann. The proposal met little support from
275-422: A drop of 169 meters (554 ft). The course gradually fell into disrepair and was closed in 1988. The hill has several times been launched as a potential location for a ski jumping hill . The first idea came in 1912; later options to replace Holmenkollbakken resurfaced during the 1930s and the 1970s, but were quickly rejected. With the closing of Midtstubakken , Oslo's normal hill, in the late 1980s, Rødkleiva
330-494: A given season are marked "NA"): Updated: 24 November 2024 As of 23 November 2024. Based on ski-database super ranking system (since 1966), this scoring system is calculated using points from three categories: Olympic Games , World Championships , and World Cup (overall titles, discipline titles and individual top ten results). Parallel slaloms from 1976 to 1991 counted for Nations Cup. There were no limitations regarding
385-453: A hill would cost NOK 200 million and would allow jumps to 250 meters (820 ft), 25 meters (82 ft) longer than the then world record hill Letalnica Bratov Gorišek in Planica , Slovenia. Rødkleiva was regarded as more favorable because of the ease of transport, high population concentration, and that an all-new hill would allow for better television pictures. The federation's goal
440-626: A new ski flying hill would be too expensive. In March 1998, former president of the Norwegian Ski Federation Christian Mohn announced plans for a hill in Rødkleiva which would allow jumps to 230 meters (750 ft). The venue, estimated to cost between NOK 100 and 150 million, was financed entirely with private funding; the costs would be covered by drawing between 50,000 and 80,000 spectators to an annual FIS Ski Jumping World Cup event. The plans scheduled completion in 2001. The location was, in addition to
495-490: A normal hill and building a large hill in Rødkleiva, or building a new hill in Holmenkollen and building a small hill in Rødkleiva. Alternatively, a new small hill could be built at the location of the demolished Midtstubakken, next to Holmenkollbakken. City Councilor for Culture Anette Wiig Bryn (Progress Party) supported building a large hill in Rødkleiva and reducing Holmenkollbakken to a small hill. On 20 April 2005,
550-433: A number of points for each place in a race, but the procedure for doing so and the often-arcane method used to calculate the annual champions has varied greatly over the years. Originally, points were awarded only to the top ten finishers in each race, with 25 points for the winner, 20 for second, 15 for third, 11 for fourth, 8 for fifth, 6 for sixth, 4 for seventh, then decreasing by one point for each lower place. To determine
605-503: A public meeting in August, politicians from all parties confirmed that they would not support Rødkleiva and City Council Chair Erling Lae declared the meeting as a funeral for the project. Yet the federation established a committee, led by Seeberg, to explore ways the venue could be financed and built. In December 2006, Steinar Johannessen stated that he and the federation had given up having a ski jumping hill at Rødkleiva. Alpine skiing in
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#1732791170729660-453: A run on either course. The best combined times moved the fastest racer to the second round through bracket preference protocols. From the second round, skiers the head-to-head competitions were held over one run only, with the faster skier from the previous round granted course selection between the 'red-right' or 'blue-left' course. At about one-third the time of a standard GS event, top performers/finalists were able to make multiple runs without
715-463: A ski flying hill at Rødkleiva. The decision was made despite that no political parties in Oslo supported constructing a ski flying hill and that neither the municipality nor the state were willing to issue grants. There were also concerns from environmental groups as Rødkleiva lies within a protected area. Two days after the convention decision, Vikersundbakken applied to host a World Cup event in 2007. At
770-560: A total of two races (one in the men's category and one in the women's category) and it was in 2002/03 season. The points were added together with slalom races. Introduced by the International Ski Federation to the World Cup as a spectator-friendly event in late 2015, the parallel giant slalom competition, or shortened parallel-G , joining the parallel slalom, is intended to lure more speed specialists into
825-454: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Akershus location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . FIS Alpine Ski World Cup The FIS Alpine Ski World Cup is the top international circuit of alpine skiing competitions, launched in 1966 by a group of ski racing friends and experts which included French journalist Serge Lang and the alpine ski team directors from France (Honore Bonnet) and
880-486: Is mostly possible from December until March, in cold winters also until April or the beginning of May in some areas. Most of the forests are protected, and it is not possible to obtain building permits for cabins in the area. There are, however, many cabins already in Nordmarka with cafes and overnighting accommodation. There are several lakes in Nordmarka, which are used as a supply for drinking water , largest of these
935-537: Is the Maridalsvannet . Svarttjernshøgda in Jevnaker is the highest point in Nordmarka, at a height of 717 m. The first element is nord ' north ', the last element is the finite form of mark f 'woodland, forest '. The name is first mentioned on a map from 1760. 60°08′36″N 10°37′11″E / 60.1434°N 10.6198°E / 60.1434; 10.6198 This Oslo location article
990-451: The 1974–75 season, while the Super G was added for the 1982–83 season. The current scoring system was implemented in the 1991–92 season. For every race points are awarded to the top 30 finishers: 100 points to the winner, 80 for second, 60 for third, winding down to 1 point for 30th place. The racer with the most points at the end of the season in mid-March wins the cup, represented by
1045-462: The 1977–78 . In super-G , the small globe has been awarded since 1985–86 . For super-g races in the three seasons previous, points were added and calculated in the giant slalom ranking. The World Cup is held annually, and is considered the premier competition for alpine ski racing after the quadrennial Winter Olympics . Many consider the World Cup to be a more valuable title than the Olympics or
1100-598: The 2014 Winter Olympics . Deputy Mayor Svenn Kristiansen ( Progress Party ) speculated that normal hill ski jumping would be replaced with ski flying on the Olympic program and that it therefore would be necessary to build a ski flying hill in Oslo. In November 2004, a Norwegian Ski Federation committee concluded that a new hill in Rødkleiva should be prioritized and that is would cost between NOK 300 and 400 million. The following month Minister of Culture Valgerd Svarstad Haugland ( Christian Democratic Party ) criticized
1155-646: The FIS Ski-Flying World Championships 1990 . Holmenkollen National Arena and Holmenkollbakken were declared the national venue for Nordic skiing in 1997, ahead of Granåsen in Trondheim and Lysgårdsbakken in Lillehammer . By then ideas had been launched to build a national ski flying hill in Rødkleiva. However, it was rejected both by Holmenkollen director Rolf Nyhus and ski jumping director Odd Hammernes , who stated that
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#17327911707291210-646: The Norwegian Ski Federation proposed that the Association for the Promotion of Skiing arrange slalom as part of the Holmenkollen Ski Festival, but the plans were interrupted by World War II . The slalom hill was inaugurated in 1947, allowing Alpine skiing to be introduced in the Holmenkollen Ski Festival. Slalom took place at Rødkleiva while the downhill was carried out at Norefjell Ski Resort in Krødsherad . The event
1265-749: The USA ( Bob Beattie ). It was soon backed by International Ski Federation president Marc Hodler during the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1966 at Portillo, Chile , and became an official FIS event in the spring of 1967 after the FIS Congress at Beirut , Lebanon. The inaugural World Cup race was held on 5 January 1967 in Berchtesgaden , West Germany , a slalom won by Heinrich Messner of Austria. Jean-Claude Killy of France and Nancy Greene of Canada were
1320-667: The Holmenkollen Ski Festival was contested as a combined event, originally with slalom in Rødkleiva and downhill in Norefjell. Named the Holmenkollen Kandahar, it was inaugurated in 1947. The event was held in Rødkleiva in 1947–48, 1950–51, 1953, 1957–58, and 1960–63. From 1972 the slalom event was held at Kirkerudbakken in Bærum the years it was in the Oslo area and from 1977 it was held in Wyllerløypa when held in
1375-522: The NorAm and Europa Cup. The Chief Race Director of the inaugural event at Alta Badia, Markus Waldner, on 20 December 2015 stated that "great performances" and "head-to-head fights" between the best giant slalom racers is the goal of the competition. The course for the first race was very compact at about 20–22 seconds duration, or about one-third of a normal GS run. The pace and cadence was the same as Giant slalom, not standard Slalom. Gates were set at roughly
1430-477: The Norwegian Ski Federation's board supported, with 13 against 1 vote, to build both a normal and a large hill at Rødkleiva and to close Vikersundbakken. However, the following day Svarstad Haugland stated that the government supported keeping Vikersundbakken rather than building a new venue in Rødkleiva. Clas Brede Bråthen responded that the federation hoped to build the venue with grants from
1485-407: The Oslo area. The local sports club IF Ready was the main user of Rødkleiva for organized recreational sports. During the 1952 Winter Olympics, Rødkleiva hosted the men's slalom and the women's slalom , with the other events taking place at Norefjell. The organizing committee had set up 15,000 tickets for the men's discipline on 19 February, but between 25,000 and 30,000 people attended the race,
1540-422: The World Cup points valuation ( i . e ., Grenoble 1968 and Val Gardena 1970 ); this was abandoned after 1970, mainly due to the limited number of racers per nation who are permitted to take part in these events. Beginning with the 1971–72 season (the sixth season), the number of results counted was increased to five in each discipline. The formula used to determine the overall winner varied almost every year over
1595-404: The best 5 results in the original disciplines ( slalom , giant slalom , and downhill ) plus the best three results in combined . When Super G events were introduced for the 1982–83 season, the results were included with giant slalom for the first three seasons, before a separate Cup for the discipline was awarded starting in 1985–86 and the top 3 Super G results were counted toward
1650-671: The biennial World Championships , since it requires a competitor to ski at an extremely high level in several disciplines throughout the season, and not just in one race. Races are hosted primarily at ski resorts in the Alps in Europe, with regular stops in Scandinavia , North America, and east Asia, but a few races have also been held in the Southern Hemisphere. World Cup competitions have been hosted in 25 countries around
1705-537: The close proximity to Oslo, chosen because the venue would be built tightly to the ground, thus eliminating any wind issues, the main reason for ski jumping events to be canceled. Mohn stated that ski flying was the future in ski jumping and that there would be place for two ski flying hills in Norway. This was rejected by Vikersundbakken-director Johan Kaggestad who stated that a new Rødkleiva hill would "kill" Vikersundbakken. By December 1998, Mohn's successor Jan Jensen
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1760-542: The course to allow training and work during the evening. Ten loudspeakers and three microphones were installed as a transportable system. The hump at the top of the hill was leveled somewhat and the earthwork used to build out the bottom of the hill. The road from Lillevann Station on the Holmenkollen Line was upgraded and a tunnel laid under the course to allow spectators to gather on both sides. A 200-seat press stand, including work stations and telephone booths,
1815-483: The day prior at the same venue. Overlapping qualifications allowed the sponsors to invite lower ranked participants to fill in gaps, as needed, and to replace individuals who declined to participate. Points were awarded and accumulated according to current standards for the race season in all relevant categories: the GS discipline, Overall and Nations Cup. The field was filled with thirty-two first round participants, each getting
1870-476: The faster of the two technical disciplines, along with attracting their fans to watch the races at the venue, on-line, and on television. Few venues offer the slope and conditions required to host an extremely short Giant slalom course that can be readily viewed in its entirety by a compact gallery of fans. Modified or not, the Federation has not suggested that they will push the format to lower-level tours like
1925-403: The fatigue of a longer event. The course was methodically set with lasers, and a GPS-equipped Snowcat , to guarantee that both courses on the hill were as identical as possible to ensure equity and a fair competition. The Race Director suggested the difference between the two lanes were within "1–to–2 centimeters" tolerance of one another. The World Cup scoring system is based on awarding
1980-574: The federation for allowing Bertil Pålsrud and Steinar Johannesen to hold key roles in the decision process, while both owned a 13.3-percent stake in Rødkleiva Skiflyging. As part of Oslo's bid to host the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2011 , it was necessary to build a normal hill, as Holmenkollbakken only consists of a large hill. Several proposals were made, including converting Holmenkollbakken to
2035-574: The following ten years. After the 2000 World Championships, Vikersundbakken's Torstein Haugerud protested that Bertil Pålsrud, who was both managing director of Rødkleiva Skiflyging and a member of the Norwegian Ski Federation's ski jumping committee, was using his position in the federation to promote the Rødkleiva project. In February 2003, the Norwegian Ski Federation published an eighty-page report which concluded that Vikersundbakken should be retired and replaced with Rødkleiva. The report estimated that
2090-409: The municipality, who wanted to prioritize Wyllerløypa , which was much cheaper to upgrade. Thus Rødkleiva was degraded to a training course. On 2 October 1986 the city council changed their opinion and granted funds for upgrading the hill. The upgrade would have given sufficient standard to allow FIS Alpine Ski World Cup events in slalom to be held and was part of a municipal strategy to market Oslo as
2145-425: The next decade, with some seasons divided into two portions with a fixed number of results in each period counting toward the overall, while in other seasons the best three or four results in each discipline would count. Starting with the 1979–80 season (the 14th season), points were awarded to the top 15 finishers in each race. After 1980–81 , the formula for the overall title stabilized for several years, counting
2200-434: The number of athletes who could enter the competition, but each main event was limited to 32 competitors. Parallel city event is a version of parallel slalom where only Top16 ranked are allowed to compete. Length of the track and course/gates setting are also different from classic parallel slalom, and as of 2019/20 season, they are completely replaced with normal parallel races with qualification run. There were
2255-425: The overall winners for the first two seasons. Competitors attempt to achieve the best time in four disciplines: slalom , giant slalom , super G , and downhill . The fifth event, the combined , employs the downhill and slalom. The World Cup originally included only slalom, giant slalom, and downhill races. Combined events (calculated using results from selected downhill and slalom races) were included starting with
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2310-513: The poor condition of the ski lift. The necessary upgrades would cost "millions". In 1989 the municipality proposed building a replacement for Midtstubakken at Rødkleiva, which would serve as Oslo's new normal hill as a supplement to the large Holmenkollbakken. Vikersundbakken opened as Northern Europe's only ski flying hill in March 1966. The hill was later renovated and expanded ahead of the FIS Ski-Flying World Championships 1977 and again ahead of
2365-413: The private sector, such as naming rights , and used Color Line Stadion in Ålesund as an example of a venue that had generated significant funding from corporate sponsors. A majority of the county chapters supported Vikersundbakken, with only 4 of 19 chapters supporting Rødkleiva. The Norwegian Ski Federation's national convention voted on 28 May with a large majority to place first a normal hill and then
2420-416: The same distances as GS and on a slope of about the same pitch. The field of thirty-two were drawn following an invitational format. The top four men in the overall World Cup rankings were automatic invitees, if they chose to compete. Another 16 racers were selected from the top of the current GS start list rankings, and the final twelve competitors were selected from the 1st run efforts at the standard GS event
2475-565: The surplus who did not pay for tickets. The large popularity was to see Norway's favoured Stein Eriksen . Although leading after the first heat, he came out of balance in the second and finished second behind Austria's Othmar Schneider. The women's race held the following day was won by the American Andrea Mead Lawrence . Nordmarka The forests are popular sites for hiking, biking and skiing. Winter sport
2530-480: The table below. As of 2 March 2024 A common measurement of how good individual skiers are is the total number of World Cup races won during their skiing career. The following skiers have won at least 20 World Cup races: update: 17 March 2024 As of 2 March 2024 As of 10 March 2024 Only a few racers have ever managed to win races in all five classic World Cup alpine skiing disciplines during their career, as listed in
2585-406: The table below. Marc Girardelli ( 1988–89 ), Petra Kronberger ( 1990–91 ), Janica Kostelić ( 2005–06 ) and Tina Maze ( 2012–13 ) are the only skiers to have won all five events in a single season. Bode Miller is the only skier with at least five World Cup victories in all five disciplines. The following skiers have won at least ten World Cup races in a single season (events not available in
2640-458: The winner for each discipline World Cup, only a racer's best three results counted, from a typical six to eight races in each discipline (consistent with the then-current classification of skiers as amateurs, who couldn't be expected compete all the time). For the overall Cup, only these best three results in each discipline were included. Until 1970, the results of Winter Olympic Games races and Alpine World Ski Championship races were also included in
2695-1233: The world: Andorra, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Italy , Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. Lower competitive circuits include the NorAm Cup in North America and the Europa Cup in Europe. Multiple individual overall World Cup winners are marked with (#). The following skiers have at least three overall alpine World Cup titles. The following skiers have at least three overall alpine World Cup titles. Combined crystal globes were officially awarded from 2007 to 2012. Here are counted all season titles, official and unofficial. The records for most World Cup titles in each discipline are as follows: Only four men's racers have ever managed to win small crystal globe in four or more different alpine skiing disciplines during their career, as listed in
2750-400: Was again launched as a jumping hill. Vikersundbakken —Northern Europe's only ski flying hill—was in the late 1990s proposed replaced by a new hill in Rødkleiva. The plans received support from the Norwegian Ski Federation , but the municipality and state were not interested in issuing grants and the proposal was finally laid to rest in 2006. The first proposal for using Rødkleiva for skiing
2805-494: Was constructed on the south side of the bottom of the hill. Opposite a stand for official guests was built, with a capacity for 300 people. Boxes at the finish line were built for officials and time-keepers. The upgrades to the venue cost 336,000 Norwegian krone (NOK). During the Olympics the hill was 422.5 meters (1,386 ft) long and had a drop of 169 meters (554 ft), starting at 479 meters (1,572 ft) above mean sea level . The Young Men's Christian Association built
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#17327911707292860-746: Was for Norway to regain its status as the prime organizer of ski jumping competitions. President of the Norwegian Ski Federation Sverre Seeberg stated that they had offered the International Ski Federation (FIS) to use Vikersundbakken every year, but that FIS had prioritized Granåsen for the World Cup. Seeberg stated that Norway would therefore focus on making Granåsen the regular venue for the World Cup opening. Oslo announced in January 2004 that they, jointly with Lillehammer, planned to bid for
2915-501: Was made by Fritz Huitfeldt in 1912. At the time Holmenkollbakken allowed jumps to 30 meters (98 ft) and Huitfeldt's proposal to build an 80-meter (260 ft) hill was not taken seriously. In the 1930s, the idea of building a ski jump at Rødkleiva was renewed. However, Rødkleiva was rejected by the board of the Association for the Promotion of Skiing and in 1938 Holmenkollbakken was instead upgraded with scaffolding. In 1939,
2970-430: Was named Holmenkollen Kandahar and the races in Rødkleiva were organized by SFK Lyn . Permanent cables for telephone and timing were installed in 1949. A series of upgrades were made to the hill ahead of the 1952 Winter Olympics. A start platform was constructed at the top of the hill to ensure better start conditions. A double pull-hook ski lift was built on the north side of the hill. Floodlights were installed along
3025-412: Was supporting granting Vikersundbakken national venue status in preparation for it hosting the FIS Ski-Flying World Championships 2000 . By December, a limited company had been established to continue the planning and construction of the hill. In July 1999, Vikersundbakken was granted a national venue status for ten years, which secured both state grants and the right to hold all World Cup ski flying events
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