37-569: S120 may refer to : HMS Ambush (S120) , a 2007-2008 proposed Astute-class nuclear Fleet submarine of the Royal Navy S Papanikolis (S 120), a Type 214 submarine RENFE Class 120 ( RENFE Serie 120 or S-120 ) high speed train Canon PowerShot S120 digital camera [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
74-652: A lengthy period of restricted intermittent or no water exchange between the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean basin, approximately 5.33 million years ago, the Atlantic–Mediterranean connection was completely reestablished through the Strait of Gibraltar by the Zanclean flood , and has remained open ever since. The erosion produced by the incoming waters seems to be the main cause for the present depth of
111-776: A maiden deployment to the United States and Brazil, visiting Florida's Port Canaveral along the way and taking part in the centenary celebrations of the Brazilian submarine force. In April 2015, Ambush participated in Exercise Joint Warrior , the largest military exercise held in Europe, alongside 55 other naval ships of NATO navies. She further participated in Exercise Dynamic Manta 15. On 20 July 2016, while surfacing on an exercise in
148-546: A short time, by geological standards, lasting between 500,000 and 600,000 years. It is estimated that, were the Strait closed even at today's higher sea level, most water in the Mediterranean basin would evaporate within a thousand years, as it is believed to have done then, and such an event would lay down mineral deposits like the salt deposits now found under the sea floor all over the Mediterranean. After
185-640: A tunnel to link Gibraltar with Tangiers that would replace the Spanish-Moroccan project that until then had had no tangible results after over 40 years of discussions. The Strait of Gibraltar links the Atlantic Ocean directly to the Mediterranean Sea. This direct linkage creates certain unique flow and wave patterns. These unique patterns are created due to the interaction of various regional and global evaporative forces, water temperatures, tidal forces, and wind forces. Water flows through
222-424: A tunnel under the strait began in the 1980s. In December 2003, both countries agreed to explore the construction of an undersea rail tunnel to connect their rail systems across the Strait. The gauge of the rail would be 1,435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) to match the proposed construction and conversion of significant parts of the existing broad gauge system to standard gauge . While
259-475: A vessel or aircraft has the freedom of navigation or overflight for the purpose of crossing the strait of Gibraltar. Some studies have proposed the possibility of erecting tidal power generating stations within the Strait, to be powered from the predictable current at the Strait. In the 1920s and 1930s, the Atlantropa project proposed damming the Strait to generate large amounts of electricity and lower
296-632: Is disputed by Spain. Similarly, Morocco disputes Spanish sovereignty over Ceuta on the southern coast. There are several islets, such as the disputed Isla Perejil , that are claimed by both Morocco and Spain. Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea , vessels passing through the strait do so under the regime of transit passage , rather than the more limited innocent passage allowed in most territorial waters. Therefore,
333-865: Is also known as the Straits of Gibraltar, the Gut of Gibraltar (although this is mostly archaic), the STROG (STRait Of Gibraltar) in naval use. Another Arabic name is Bāb al- maghrib (Arabic: باب المغرب ), meaning "Gate of the West" or "Gate of the sunset", and furthermore "Gate of the Maghreb " or "Gate of Morocco ". In the Middle Ages it was called in Arabic Az-Zuqāq ( الزقاق ), "the Passage" and by
370-571: Is an Astute -class nuclear-powered attack submarine of the Royal Navy , the second boat of her class. Ambush is the third vessel, and the second submarine, to bear the name in Royal Naval service. She was ordered in 1997, laid down in 2003 and commissioned in 2013. Ambush' s nuclear reactor will not need to be refuelled during the boat's 25-year service. Since the submarine can purify water and air, she will be able to circumnavigate
407-677: The Arabic language. The small British enclave of the city of Gibraltar presents a third cultural group found in the Strait. This enclave was first established in 1704 and has since been used by the United Kingdom to act as a surety for control of the sea lanes into and out of the Mediterranean. Following the Spanish coup of July 1936 the Spanish Republican Navy tried to blockade the Strait of Gibraltar to hamper
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#1732779792631444-577: The Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Europe from Africa . The two continents are separated by 7.7 nautical miles (14.2 kilometers, 8.9 miles) at its narrowest point. Ferries cross between the two continents every day in as little as 35 minutes. The Strait's depth ranges between 300 and 900 metres (980 and 2,950 feet ; 160 and 490 fathoms ). The strait lies in the territorial waters of Morocco , Spain , and
481-582: The British overseas territory of Gibraltar . Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea , foreign vessels and aircraft have the freedom of navigation and overflight to cross the strait of Gibraltar in case of continuous transit . The name comes from the Rock of Gibraltar , which in turn originates from the Arabic Jabal Ṭāriq (meaning "Tariq's Mount"), named after Tariq ibn Ziyad . It
518-672: The Iberian Peninsula ). On the southern side are Morocco and Ceuta (a Spanish autonomous city in northern Africa). Due to its location, the Strait is commonly used for illegal immigration from Africa to Europe. The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Strait of Gibraltar as follows: The seabed of the Strait is composed of synorogenic Betic-Rif clayey flysch covered by Pliocene and/or Quaternary calcareous sediments, sourced from thriving cold water coral communities. Exposed bedrock surfaces, coarse sediments and local sand dunes attest to
555-465: The Messinian salinity crisis . In this water chemistry environment, dissolved mineral concentrations , temperature and stilled water currents combined and occurred regularly to precipitate many mineral salts in layers on the seabed. The resultant accumulation of various huge salt and mineral deposits about the Mediterranean basin are directly linked to this era. It is believed that this process took
592-522: The Strait of Gibraltar , Ambush collided with the Panama-flagged merchant ship Andreas , sustaining significant damage to the top of her conning tower where some of her sonar equipment is housed. It was reported that no crew members were injured during the collision and that the submarine's nuclear reactor section remained completely undamaged. Repairs cost £2.1 million and the commander, who
629-514: The Atlantic waters that they sink below the constantly incoming water and form a highly saline ( thermohaline , both warm and salty) layer of bottom water. This layer of bottom-water constantly works its way out into the Atlantic as the Mediterranean outflow. On the Atlantic side of the Strait, a density boundary separates the Mediterranean outflow waters from the rest at about 100 m (330 ft; 55 fathoms) depth. These waters flow out and down
666-678: The Camarinal Sill. When large tidal flows enter the Strait and the high tide relaxes, internal waves are generated at the Camarinal Sill and proceed eastwards. Even though the waves may occur down to great depths, occasionally the waves are almost imperceptible at the surface, at other times they can be seen clearly in satellite imagery. These internal waves continue to flow eastward and to refract around coastal features. They can sometimes be traced for as much as 100 km (62 mi; 54 nmi), and sometimes create interference patterns with refracted waves. Except for its far eastern end,
703-503: The Mediterranean and the Atlantic, including significant numbers of Scopoli's and Balearic shearwaters, Audouin's and lesser black-backed gulls, razorbills , and Atlantic puffins . A resident orca pod of some 36 individuals lives around the Strait, one of the few that are left in Western European waters. The pod may be facing extinction in the coming decades due to long term effects of PCB pollution. Evidence of
740-482: The Mediterranean. All these boats had to navigate the British-controlled Strait of Gibraltar where nine U-boats were sunk while attempting passage and 10 more had to break off their run due to damage. Internal waves (waves at the density boundary layer) are often produced by the Strait. Like traffic merging on a highway, the water flow is constricted in both directions because it must pass over
777-511: The Romans Fretum Gaditanum (Strait of Cadiz ). In Latin it has been called Fretum Herculeum , based on the name from antiquity " Pillars of Hercules " ( Ancient Greek : αἱ Ἡράκλειοι στῆλαι , romanized : hai Hērákleioi stêlai ), referring to the mountains as pillars, such as Gibraltar, flanking the strait. On the northern side of the Strait are Spain and Gibraltar (a British overseas territory in
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#1732779792631814-662: The Strait (900 m (3,000 ft; 490 fathoms) at the narrows, 280 m (920 ft; 150 fathoms) at the Camarinal Sill ). The Strait is expected to close again as the African Plate moves northward relative to the Eurasian Plate , but on geological rather than human timescales. The Strait has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International because of the hundreds of thousands of seabirds which use it every year to migrate between
851-424: The Strait began to play a certain cultural role in acting as a barrier against cross-channel conquest and the flow of culture and language that would naturally follow such a conquest. In that year, the last Muslim government north of the Strait was overthrown by a Spanish force. Since that time, the Strait has come to foster the development of two very distinct and varied cultures on either side of it after sharing much
888-532: The Strait lies within the territorial waters of Spain and Morocco. The United Kingdom claims 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) around Gibraltar on the northern side of the Strait, putting part of it inside British territorial waters. As this is less than the 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) maximum, it means, according to the British claim, that part of the Strait lies in international waters . The ownership of Gibraltar and its territorial waters
925-486: The Strait more or less continuously, both eastwards and westwards. A smaller amount of deeper, saltier and therefore denser waters continually flow westwards (the Mediterranean outflow ), while a larger amount of surface waters with lower salinity and density continually flow eastwards (the Mediterranean inflow). These general flow tendencies may be occasionally interrupted for brief periods by temporary tidal flows, depending on various lunar and solar alignments. The balance of
962-614: The continental slope, losing salinity, until they begin to mix and equilibrate more rapidly, much farther out at a depth of about 1,000 m (3,300 ft; 550 fathoms). The Mediterranean outflow water layer can be traced for thousands of kilometres west of the Strait, before completely losing its identity. During the Second World War , German U-boats used the currents to pass into the Mediterranean Sea without detection, by maintaining silence with engines off. From September 1941 to May 1944 Germany managed to send 62 U-boats into
999-439: The first human habitation of the area by Neanderthals dates back to 125,000 years ago. It is believed that the Rock of Gibraltar may have been one of the last outposts of Neanderthal habitation in the world, with evidence of their presence there dating to as recently as 24,000 years ago. Archaeological evidence of Homo sapiens habitation of the area dates back c. 40,000 years. The relatively short distance between
1036-418: The planet without resurfacing. The main limit is that the submarine will only be able to carry three months' supply of food for 98 officers and ratings. Ambush has provision for up-to 38 weapons in six 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes . The submarine is capable of using Tomahawk Block IV land-attack missiles with a range of 1,000 miles (1,600 kilometres) and Spearfish heavyweight torpedoes. Ambush
1073-650: The project remained in a planning phase, Spanish and Moroccan officials met to discuss it occasionally, including in 2012. Those talks led to nothing constructive happening, but in April 2021 ministers from both countries agreed to a joint intergovernmental meeting to be held in Casablanca in the coming months. This was in order to resume discussions on a tunnel. Earlier, in January 2021, the UK government had studied plans for
1110-464: The same culture for over 500 years from the 8th century to the early 13th century. On the northern side, Christian-European culture has remained dominant since the expulsion of the last Muslim kingdom in 1492, along with the Romance Spanish language , while on the southern side, Muslim-Arabic/Mediterranean has been dominant since the spread of Islam into North Africa in the 700s, along with
1147-518: The same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S120&oldid=605607462 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages HMS Ambush (S120) HMS Ambush
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1184-453: The strong bottom current conditions at the present time. Around 5.9 million years ago, the connection between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean along the Betic and Rifan Corridor was progressively restricted until its total closure, effectively causing the salinity of the Mediterranean to rise periodically within the gypsum and salt deposition range, during what is known as
1221-547: The transport of Army of Africa troops from Spanish Morocco to Peninsular Spain. On 5 August 1936 the so-called Convoy de la Victoria was able to bring at least 2,500 men across the Strait, breaking the republican blockade. The Strait is an important shipping route from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic . Ferries operate between Spain and Morocco across the Strait, as well as between Spain and Ceuta and Gibraltar to Tangier . Discussion between Spain and Morocco of
1258-435: The two shores has served as a quick crossing point for various groups and civilizations throughout history, including Carthaginians campaigning against Rome, Romans travelling between the provinces of Hispania and Mauritania, Vandals raiding south from Germania through Western Rome and into North Africa in the 5th century, Moors and Berbers in the 8th–11th centuries, and Spain and Portugal in the 16th century. Beginning in 1492,
1295-477: The water flow is eastwards, since the evaporation rate within the Mediterranean basin is higher than the combined inflow of all the rivers that empty into it, plus the total precipitation of rain or snow that falls on it. At the Strait's far western end is the Camarinal Sill , the Strait's shallowest point which limits mixing between the cold, less saline Atlantic water and the warmer, more saline Mediterranean waters. The Mediterranean waters are so much saltier than
1332-799: Was ordered from GEC's Marconi Marine (now BAE Systems Submarine Solutions ) on 17 March 1997. She was laid down at Barrow-in-Furness on 22 October 2003, officially named on 16 December 2010, launched on 6 January 2011, completed her initial dive test on 30 September 2011, and departed Barrow for sea trials on 15 September 2012. Ambush was commissioned in a ceremony at HM Naval Base Clyde on 1 March 2013. Following her commissioning, Ambush continued sea trials throughout much of 2013. In May 2013, she carried out berthing trials with forward support ship RFA Diligence and, in August 2013, she successfully conducted her first live torpedo and cruise missile firings. In October 2014, Ambush completed
1369-411: Was training a group of students at the time, was sentenced to forfeiting a year of seniority for negligently hazarding the vessel. As of early 2024, HMS Ambush was reported to be undergoing a period of prolonged maintenance at Faslane, having last been to sea in the autumn of 2022. Ambush is affiliated to: Strait of Gibraltar The Strait of Gibraltar is a narrow strait that connects
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