U+2219 ∙ BULLET OPERATOR U+22C5 ⋅ DOT OPERATOR
172-445: WALL-E (stylized with an interpunct as WALL·E ) is a 2008 American animated romantic science fiction film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures . The film was directed by Andrew Stanton , produced by Jim Morris , and written by Stanton and Jim Reardon . It stars the voices of Ben Burtt , Elissa Knight , Jeff Garlin , John Ratzenberger , Kathy Najimy , and Sigourney Weaver , with Fred Willard in
344-705: A , ⋅ ) {\displaystyle \theta (s,a,\cdot )} denotes a partial application , where the first two arguments are given and the third argument shall take any valid value on its domain. The bullet operator , ∙ , U+2219, is sometimes used to denote the "AND" relationship in formal logic . In computing , the middle dot is usually displayed (but not printed) to indicate white space in various software applications such as word processing , graphic design , web layout, desktop publishing or software development programs. In some word processors , interpuncts are used to denote not only hard space or space characters, but also sometimes used to indicate
516-642: A bomb detecting robot from the San Francisco Police Department . Simplicity was preferred in their performances as giving them too many movements would make them feel human. Stanton wanted WALL-E to be a box and EVE to be like an egg. WALL-E's eyes were inspired by a pair of binoculars Stanton was given when watching the Oakland Athletics play against the Boston Red Sox . He "missed the entire inning" because he
688-473: A half-colon in such usage. Graphically, it may be high in the letter space (the top dot of the colon) or centered as the interpunct. From Americanist notation, it has been adopted into the orthographies of several languages, such as Washo . In the writings of Franz Boas , the middot was used for palatal or palatalized consonants, e.g. ⟨kꞏ⟩ for IPA [c]. In the Sinological tradition of
860-407: A hyperjump back to Earth so that humanity can begin recolonization. When McCrea inspects EVE's storage compartment, the plant is missing, with EVE blaming WALL-E for its disappearance. EVE is deemed faulty and taken to diagnostics. WALL-E intervenes and inadvertently releases the other faulty bots, causing him and EVE to be designated rogue robots. EVE tries to send WALL-E home in an escape pod, but
1032-552: A WALL-E custom built by lead animator Angus MacLane was the latest design approved for mass production and release as part of Lego Ideas . A manga adaptation of the film was written by Shiro Shirai and was originally released on December 15, 2008 in Japan to tie in to the film's Japanese release and later on April 10, 2018 in the US. A platform video game based on the movie , published by THQ and developed by Heavy Iron Studios for
1204-570: A WALL-E that danced when connected to a music player, a toy that could be taken apart and reassembled, and a groundbreaking remote control toy of him and EVE that had motion sensors that allowed them to interact with players. There were even plushies. The "Ultimate WALL·E" figures were not in stores until the film's home release in November 2008, at a retail price of almost $ 200, leading The Patriot-News to deem it an item for "hard-core fans and collectors only". On February 4, 2015, Lego announced that
1376-431: A chemical adduct. A middot may be used as a consonant or modifier letter , rather than as punctuation, in transcription systems and in language orthographies. For such uses Unicode provides the code point U+A78F ꞏ LATIN LETTER SINOLOGICAL DOT . In Americanist phonetic notation , the middot is a more common variant of the colon ⟨꞉⟩ used to indicate vowel length . It may be called
1548-474: A decimal point "on the line" only when typesetting constraints made it unavoidable. However, this usage had already been declining since the 1968 ruling by the Ministry of Technology to use the full stop as the decimal point, not only because of that ruling but also because it is the widely-adopted international standard , and because the standard UK keyboard layout (for typewriters and computers) has only
1720-418: A decimal point when writing numbers in kanji: 三・一四一五九二 (3.141 592) ; as a slash when writing for "or" in abbreviations: 月・水・金曜日 (Mon/Wed/Friday) ; and in place of hyphens, dashes and colons when writing vertically. Interpuncts are used in written Korean to denote a list of two or more words, similarly to how a slash (/) is used to juxtapose words in many other languages. In this role it also functions in
1892-437: A deserted world reminded Stanton of a plant growing among pavements. Before they turned their attention to other projects, Stanton and Lasseter thought about having WALL-E fall in love, as it was the necessary progression away from loneliness. Stanton started writing WALL-E again in 2002 while completing Finding Nemo . Stanton formatted his script in a manner reminiscent of Dan O'Bannon 's Alien . O'Bannon wrote his script in
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#17327985531882064-604: A disservice to colonised Indigenous people who experienced social death with the loss of relationship to their land but who were not always killed in the process of colonisation . The ongoing mass extinction of species has been called ecocide. US environmental theorist Patrick Hossay argues that modern industrial civilization is ecocidal. Climate change may result in ecocide. For example, ocean acidification and warming causes damage to coral reefs , although ecocide of coral reefs has also been attributed to causes not related to climate change. Criminalization of ecocide under
2236-485: A dramatic and unrealistic noise. Burtt would find hundreds of sounds by looking at concept art of characters, before he and Stanton pared it down to a distinct few for each robot. Burtt saw a hand-cranked electrical generator while watching Island in the Sky , and bought an identical, unpacked device from 1950 on eBay to use for WALL-E moving around. Burtt also used an automobile self-starter for when WALL-E goes fast, and
2408-575: A feature-length film with a main character that behaved like Luxo Jr. , the Pixar lamp or R2-D2 . Stanton explained there are two types of robots in cinema: "human[s] with metal skin", like the Tin Man , or "machine[s] with function" like Luxo and R2. He found the latter idea "powerful" because it allowed the audience to project personalities onto the characters, as they do with babies and pets: "You're compelled … you almost can't stop yourself from finishing
2580-455: A film set largely in space. WALL-E has minimal dialogue in its early sequences; many of the characters in the film do not have voices, but instead communicate with body language and robotic sounds that were designed by Burtt. The film incorporates various topics including consumerism , corporatocracy , nostalgia , waste management , human environmental impact and concerns , obesity / sedentary lifestyles , and global catastrophic risk . It
2752-552: A forerunner to the likes of R2-D2, and that the "hopeless romantic" Woody Allen also inspired WALL-E. Producer Jim Morris recommended Ben Burtt as sound designer for WALL-E because Stanton kept using R2-D2 as the benchmark for the robots. Burtt had completed Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith and told his wife he would no longer work on films with robots, but found WALL-E and its substitution of voices with sound "fresh and exciting". He recorded 2,500 sounds for
2924-532: A garbage chute, and confines McCrea to his quarters. EVE and WALL-E are nearly ejected into space with the Axiom's garbage, but cleaning robot Microbe Obliterator (M-O) inadvertently jams the airlock and saves them. As humans and robots help in securing the plant, McCrea and AUTO fight for control of the Axiom . AUTO crushes WALL-E using the Holo-Detector, but McCrea overpowers and deactivates AUTO. EVE inserts
3096-403: A given territory, whether by human agency or by any other causes, to such an extent that peaceful enjoyment by the inhabitants of that territory has been severely diminished. This definition includes damage caused by individuals, corporations and/or the state. It also includes environmental destruction from 'other causes' (i.e. harm that is not necessarily caused by human activity). The purpose
3268-419: A hundred variations. The humans were modelled on sea lions due to their blubbery bodies, as well as babies. The filmmakers noticed baby fat is a lot tighter than adult fat and copied that texture for the film's humans. To animate their robots, the film's story crew and animation crew watched a Keaton and a Charlie Chaplin film every day for almost a year, and occasionally a Harold Lloyd picture. Afterwards,
3440-418: A live-action role. The film follows a solitary robot named WALL-E on a future , uninhabitable , deserted Earth in 2805, left to clean up garbage. He is visited by a robot called EVE sent from the starship Axiom , with whom he falls in love and pursues across the galaxy. After directing Finding Nemo , Stanton felt Pixar had created believable simulations of underwater physics and was willing to direct
3612-414: A manner Stanton found reminded him of haiku , where visual descriptions were done in continuous lines of a few words. Stanton wrote his robot "dialogue" conventionally, but placed them in brackets. In late 2003, Stanton and a few others created a story reel of the first twenty minutes of the film. Lasseter and Steve Jobs were impressed and officially began development, though Jobs stated he did not like
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#17327985531883784-678: A mobile phone with a Catalan keyboard layout, the geminate L with a flying dot appears when holding down the L key. It appears in Unicode as the pre-composed letters Ŀ (U+013F) and ŀ (U+0140), but they are compatibility characters and are not frequently used or recommended. The interpunct is used in Chinese (which generally lacks spacing between characters ) to mark divisions in words transliterated from phonogram languages, particularly names. Lacking its own code point in Unicode,
3956-649: A national law in several countries with many more discussing implementing a law, including the European Union . Stop Ecocide International and others are working to enshrine ecocide into the Rome Statute, making it both international law and national law in member states' national law. Several countries have supported criminalising ecocide in international law, including Fiji , Niue , the Solomon Islands , Tuvalu , Tonga and Vanuatu . Ecocide
4128-717: A new international agreement to ban ecocide. In 1972 at the United Nations Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment , Prime Minister of Sweden Olof Palme called the Vietnam War an ecocide. Others, including Indira Gandhi from India and Tang Ke, the leader of the Chinese delegation, also denounced the war in human and environmental terms, calling for ecocide to be an international crime. A Working Group on Crimes Against
4300-540: A partition sign. The partition sign is also used to separate book and chapter titles when they are mentioned consecutively: book first and then chapter. In Pe̍h-ōe-jī for Taiwanese Hokkien , middle dot is often used as a workaround for the dot above right diacritic , since most early encoding systems did not support this diacritic. This is now encoded as U+0358 ◌͘ COMBINING DOT ABOVE RIGHT (see o͘ ). Unicode did not support this diacritic until June 2005. Newer fonts often support it natively; however,
4472-442: A perfect amplification of the whole point of the movie.' I wanted to run with science in a way that would sort of logically project that. Stanton noted many commentators placed emphasis on the environmental aspect of humanity's complacency in the film, because "that disconnection is going to be the cause, indirectly, of anything that happens in life that's bad for humanity or the planet". Stanton said that by taking away effort to work,
4644-536: A physiologist, mentioned to Stanton the concept of atrophy and the effects prolonged weightlessness would have on humans living in space for an inordinately extended time period. Therefore, this was the inspiration of the humans degenerating into the alien Gels, and their ancestry would have been revealed in a Planet of the Apes -style ending. The Gels also spoke a made-up gibberish language, but Stanton scrapped this idea because he thought it would be too complicated for
4816-672: A preliminary assessment the Russian invasion of Ukraine has inflicted USD 51 billion in environmental damage in both territories. According to a report by the Yale School of the Environment , some 687,000 tons of petrochemicals have burned as a result of shelling, while nearly 1,600 tons of pollutants have leaked into bodies of water. Hazardous chemicals have contaminated around 70 acres of soil, and likely made agricultural activities temporarily impossible. Around 30% of Ukraine's land
4988-467: A reflection of the need to safeguard and preserve the environment, as well as the first use of nuclear weapons, colonialism , apartheid , economic aggression and mercenarism ". In 1996, Canadian/Australian lawyer Mark Gray published his proposal for an international crime of ecocide, based on established international environmental and human rights law. He demonstrated that states, and arguably individuals and organizations, causing or permitting harm to
5160-447: A separate Unicode character, U+2027 ‧ HYPHENATION POINT . In British typography , the space dot was once used as the formal decimal point . Its use was advocated by laws and can still be found in some UK-based academic journals such as The Lancet . When the pound sterling was decimalised in 1971, the official advice issued was to write decimal amounts with a raised point (for example, £21·48 ) and to use
5332-533: A serious breach of an international obligation of essential importance for the safeguarding and preservation of the human environment, such as those prohibiting massive pollution of the atmosphere or of the seas." Supporters who spoke out in favor of a crime of ecocide included Romania , the Holy See , Austria, Poland, Rwanda, Congo and Oman. The Whitaker Report , commissioned by the Sub-Commission on
WALL-E - Misplaced Pages Continue
5504-543: A similar way to the English en dash , as in 미·소관계 , "American–Soviet relations". The use of interpuncts has declined in years of digital typography and especially in place of slashes, but, in the strictest sense, a slash cannot replace a middle dot in Korean typography. U+318D ㆍ HANGUL LETTER ARAEA ( 아래아 ) is used more than a middle dot when an interpunct is to be used in Korean typography, though araea
5676-546: A small equilateral triangle for the interpunct, pointing either up or down. It may also appear as a mid-line comma, similar to the Greek practice of the time. The interpunct fell out of use c. 200 CE , and Latin was then written scripta continua for several centuries. In Occitan , especially in the Gascon dialect, the interpunct ( punt interior , literally, "inner dot", or ponch naut for "high / upper point")
5848-591: A space when put in paragraph format to show indentations and spaces. This allows the user to see where white space is located in the document and what sizes of white space are used, since normally white space is invisible so tabs, spaces, non-breaking spaces and such are indistinguishable from one another. In chemistry , the middle dot is used to separate the parts of formulas of addition compounds , mixture salts or solvates (typically hydrates), such as of copper(II) sulphate pentahydrate , CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O . The middle dot should not be surrounded by spaces when indicating
6020-512: A supermarket and placed a recorder in their cart. They crashed it around the parking lot and then let it tumble down a hill. To create Hal (WALL-E's pet cockroach)'s skittering, he recorded the clicking caused by taking apart and reassembling handcuffs . Thomas Newman recollaborated with Stanton on WALL-E since the two got along well on Finding Nemo , which gave Newman the Annie Award for Best Music in an Animated Feature. He began writing
6192-757: A theatrical release in China . In 2016, Jim Morris noted that the studio has no plans for a sequel, as they consider WALL-E a finished story with no need for continuation. To promote the film, a website was created for Buy n Large, the featuring megacorporation. This website had fake press releases beginning in 2057, including "Wisconsin Mall Granted City Status," "BnL Announces Police Select." These fictional reports also quotes "analyst Richard Greenberg," which Multichannel News pointed said sounds like Richard Greenfield who has analysed Disney. Greenfield said that "I would be sincerely flattered if there
6364-477: A three-dimensional replica of WALL-E, filming it with a 70 mm camera, and then trying to replicate that in the computer. Stanton cited the shallow lens work of Gus Van Sant 's films as an influence, as it created intimacy in each close-up. Stanton chose angles for the virtual cameras that a live-action filmmaker would choose if filming on a set. Stanton wanted the Axiom ' s interior to resemble Shanghai and Dubai . Eggleston studied 1960s NASA paintings and
6536-406: A variety of uses in some modern languages. The multiplication dot or "dot operator" is frequently used in mathematical and scientific notation, and it may differ in appearance from the interpunct. Various dictionaries use the interpunct (in this context, sometimes called a hyphenation point) to indicate where to split a word and insert a hyphen if the word doesn't fit on the line. There is also
6708-481: A wheelchair someone had developed that used treads instead of wheels. The animators wanted him to have elbows, but realized this was unrealistic because he is only designed to pull garbage into his body. His arms also looked flimsy when they did a test of him waving. Animation director Angus MacLane suggested they attach his arms to a track on the sides of his body to move them around, based on the inkjet printers his father designed. This arm design contributed to creating
6880-542: Is a common theme in fiction with many films and books set in a post-ecocide world, including the James Cameron's Avatar films , Blade Runner , Mad Max , WALL-E , Interstellar , Threads and Soylent Green . The Independent Expert Panel for the Legal Definition of Ecocide, convened by Stop Ecocide Foundation describes ecocide as "unlawful or wanton acts committed with knowledge that there
7052-585: Is a connection between anything Pixar creates and our research work." Small quantities of merchandise were sold for WALL-E , as Cars items were still popular, and many manufacturers were more interested in Speed Racer , which was a successful product line despite the film's failure at the box office. Thinkway, which created the WALL-E toys, had previously made Toy Story dolls when other toy producers had not shown an interest. Among Thinkway's items were
WALL-E - Misplaced Pages Continue
7224-494: Is a substantial likelihood of severe and either widespread or long-term damage to the environment being caused by those acts". Ecocide may occur with or without intent. Environmental lawyer Polly Higgins distinguishes between ascertainable and non-ascertainable ecocide, with the former having a clear human cause while the latter does not. An example of non-ascertainable ecocide is destruction due to extreme weather events related to climate change. Arthur H. Westing discussed
7396-651: Is also Pixar's first animated film with segments featuring live-action characters. Thomas Newman composed the film's musical score. The film cost $ 180 million to produce, a record-breaking sum for an animated film at the time. Following Pixar tradition, WALL-E was paired with a short film titled Presto for its theatrical release. WALL-E was released in the United States on June 27, 2008. The film received critical acclaim for its animation, story, voice acting, characters, visuals, score, sound design, screenplay, use of minimal dialogue, and scenes of romance. It
7568-562: Is also sometimes used to separate lists in Japanese instead of the Japanese comma . Dictionaries and grammar lessons in Japanese sometimes also use a similar symbol to separate a verb suffix from its root. While some fonts may render the Japanese middle dot as a square under great magnification, this is not a defining property of the middle dot that is used in China or Japan. However,
7740-401: Is broken by the arrival of a robot called EVE (Extraterrestrial Vegetation Evaluator), which scans the planet for sustainable life. WALL-E is smitten by the sleek, futuristic robot, and the two begin to connect, until EVE goes into standby mode when WALL-E shows her his most recent find: a living seedling. EVE takes the plant, with WALL-E clinging on, to its mothership, the starliner Axiom . In
7912-775: Is dedicated to Justin Wright (1981–2008), a Pixar animator who had worked on Ratatouille and died of a heart attack before WALL-E ' s release. Walt Disney Imagineering (WDI) built animatronic WALL-Es to promote the picture, which made appearances at Disneyland Resort , the Franklin Institute , the Miami Science Museum , the Seattle Center , and the Tokyo International Film Festival . Due to safety concerns,
8084-535: Is especially true for Indigenous people . Ecocide resulting from climate change and resource extraction may become a primary driver of genocide worldwide. Some Indigenous scholars have argued that ecocide and genocide are inextricable. Mainstream understanding of genocide (as defined by the United Nations ) restricts genocide to acts committed against the bodies of individual people. Some genocide researchers argue that this human rights framework does
8256-428: Is interchangeable with the multiplication sign ( × ), as long as the multiplication sign is between numerals such that it would not be mistaken as variable x {\textstyle x} . For instance, 2 ⋅ 3 y {\textstyle 2\cdot 3y} means the same thing as 2 × 3 y {\textstyle 2\times 3y} . However, when dealing with vectors ,
8428-484: Is long overdue. It could lead to an important change in the way people perceive – and respond to – the current environmental crisis." In 2023, Greta Thunberg , Luisa Neubauer , Anuna de Wever and Adélaïde Carlier demanded, in an open letter, that all European Union leaders and heads of state must "advocate to make ecocide an international crime at the International Criminal Court." At
8600-490: Is now littered with explosives and more than 2.4 million hectares of forest have been damaged. According to Netherlands-based peace organization PAX, Russia's "deliberate targeting of industrial and energy infrastructure" has caused "severe" pollution, and the use of explosive weapons has left "millions of tonnes" of contaminated debris in cities and towns. In early June 2023, the Kakhovka Dam , under Russian occupation,
8772-489: Is often described by academics as an ecocide. The situation has made Indonesia the world's largest forest-based emitter of greenhouse gases. It also threatens the survival of indigenous and endemic species. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) identified 140 species of mammals as threatened and 15 as critically endangered, including the Bali myna , Sumatran orangutan and Javan rhinoceros . After
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#17327985531888944-538: Is one of the most polluted regions in the world. The heavy contamination of the air, ground and water with toxic pollutants is often used as an example of ecocide. Damage to the Amazon has widely been described by indigenous groups, human rights groups, politicians, academics and journalists as an ecocide and a genocide . Indigenous chiefs and human rights organizations have submitted an Article 15 communication against former president of Brazil Jair Bolsonaro to
9116-508: Is properly used to help humans cultivate their true nature—that it must be subordinate to human flourishing, and help move that along." Stanton, who is a Christian , named EVE after the Biblical figure because WALL-E's loneliness reminded him of Adam , before God created his wife. Dreher noted EVE's biblical namesake and saw her directive as an inversion of that story; EVE uses the plant to tell humanity to return to Earth and move away from
9288-491: Is technically not a punctuation symbol but actually an obsolete Hangul jamo . Because araea is a full-width letter, it looks better than middle dot between Hangul. In addition, it is drawn like the middle dot in Windows default Korean fonts such as Batang . The interpunct ( interpunctus ) was regularly used in classical Latin to separate words. In addition to the most common round form, inscriptions sometimes use
9460-475: Is tolerated rather than encouraged. Historically, medieval Catalan also used the symbol · as a marker for certain elisions , much like the modern apostrophe (see Occitan below) and hyphenations . There is no separate physical keyboard layout for Catalan: the flying point can be typed using ⇧ Shift + 3 in the Spanish (Spain) layout or with Option + ⇧ Shift + 9 on a US English layout. On
9632-552: Is used in Catalan between two Ls in cases where each belongs to a separate syllable, for example cel·la , "cell". This distinguishes such " geminate Ls" ( ela geminada ), which are pronounced [ ɫ ː ] , from "double L" ( doble ela ), which are written without the flying point and are pronounced [ ʎ ] . In situations where the flying point is unavailable, periods (as in col.lecció ) or hyphens (as in col-lecció ) are frequently used as substitutes, but this
9804-427: Is used to distinguish the following graphemes: Although it is considered to be a spelling error, a period is frequently used when a middle dot is unavailable: des.har, in.hèrn , which is the case for French keyboard layout . In modern editions of Old Occitan texts, the apostrophe and interpunct are used to denote certain elisions that were not originally marked. The apostrophe is used with proclitic forms and
9976-503: Is with functions , where the dot is used as a placeholder for a function argument , in order to distinguish between the (general form of the) function itself and the value or a specific form of a function evaluated at a given point or with given specifications. For example, f ( ⋅ ) {\textstyle f(\cdot )} denotes the function x ↦ f ( x ) {\textstyle x\mapsto f(x)} , and θ ( s ,
10148-451: The 36 initials , the onset 影 (typically reconstructed as a glottal stop ) may be transliterated with a middot ⟨ꞏ⟩ , and the onset 喻 (typically reconstructed as a null onset ) with an apostrophe ⟨ʼ⟩ . Conventions vary, however, and it is common for 影 to be transliterated with the apostrophe. These conventions are used both for Chinese itself and for other scripts of China, such as ʼPhags-pa and Jurchen . In
10320-787: The Canadian Aboriginal syllabics , a middle dot ⟨ᐧ⟩ indicates a syllable medial ⟨w⟩ in Cree and Ojibwe , ⟨y⟩ or ⟨yu⟩ in some of the Athapascan languages , and a syllable medial ⟨s⟩ in Blackfoot . However, depending on the writing tradition, the middle dot may appear after the syllable it modifies (which is found in the Western style) or before the syllable it modifies (which is found in the Northern and Eastern styles). In Unicode,
10492-648: The International Association of Penal Law in 2019 stated that "By 'ecocide' we should understand the loss, damage and destruction of ecosystems of a given territory, so that its enjoyment by the inhabitants has been or may be severely affected. This is a fifth category of crimes against peace, which should be recognised as such by the international community." He also stated that "sins against ecology" should be added to Catholic teachings. Environmentalist Jane Goodall supported ecocide being made an international crime, stating: "The concept of Ecocide
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#173279855318810664-638: The International Criminal Court for crimes against humanity and genocide for harm to Indigenous people and destruction of the Amazon. Another has been submitted for ecocide by indigenous chiefs. There has been extensive environmental damage caused by the ongoing Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip (itself a part of the Israel–Hamas war ), including the destruction of agricultural land, displacement of people, bombing of Gaza ,
10836-510: The Israeli blockade , and famine in the Gaza Strip . By March 2024, nearly half of tree cover and farmland in Gaza had been destroyed. Israeli bombardment and the blockade have led to a total collapse of Gaza's civil infrastructure, including sewage treatment, waste disposal, water management, and fuel supplies. Water has been polluted by 130,000 cubic metres of sewage being discharged into
11008-609: The Maldives called for ecocide to be added to the Statute. In June 2021, an international panel of lawyers submitted a definition of ecocide and proposed a draft amendment to the Rome Statute that would include ecocide among the international crimes prosecuted under the Statute. The panel included members from the UK, Senegal, the US, France, Ecuador, Bangladesh, Sierra Leone, Samoa and Norway, and their proposed definition is: For
11180-541: The PlayStation 3 , Xbox 360 , Wii version, Asobo Studio for the PlayStation 2 and PC version, Savage Entertainment for the PlayStation Portable version as well as a Nintendo DS game developed by Helixe . The PlayStation 3, Wii and Xbox 360 versions feature nine explorable levels. The Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable versions feature twenty-four levels, and
11352-476: The Rome Statute has been proposed as a deterrent to corporations responsible for climate change, although others argue that criminalizing ecocide will not address the root causes of the climate crisis . While ecocide is recognised as a crime in a small number of countries, many examples of environmental destruction have been described as ecocides by academics, journalists, politicians and others. One of
11524-703: The UK Supreme Court . In 2012, a concept paper on the Law of Ecocide was sent out to governments. In June 2012 the idea of making ecocide a crime was presented to legislators and judges from around the world at the World Congress on Justice Governance and Law for Environmental Sustainability, held in Mangaratiba before the Rio +20 Earth Summit . Making ecocide an international crime was voted as one of
11696-532: The hyphen ( do-beir , -beir ) or colon ( do:beir , :beir ) may be used for this purpose. Runic texts use either an interpunct-like or a colon-like punctuation mark to separate words. There are two Unicode characters dedicated for this: Up to the mid twentieth century, and sporadically even much later, the interpunct could be found used as the decimal point in British publications, such as tables of constants (e.g., " π = 3·14159 "). Conversely
11868-491: The newton expressed in terms of SI base units. In the United States, the use of a centered dot for the multiplication of numbers or values of quantities is discouraged by NIST . In mathematics , a small middle dot can be used to represent multiplication ; for example, x ⋅ y {\displaystyle x\cdot y} for multiplying x {\displaystyle x} by y {\textstyle y} . When dealing with scalars , it
12040-554: The " false god " of BnL and the lazy lifestyle it offers. In cohesion with the classical Christian viewpoint, WALL-E shows that work is what makes humans human. Whereas other sources would say that laziness and pleasure is paradise, WALL-E tries to show that that is not true. Dreher emphasized the false god parallels to BnL in a scene where a robot teaches infants "B is for Buy n Large, your very best friend", which he compared to modern corporations such as McDonald's creating brand loyalty in children. Megan Basham of World magazine felt
12212-489: The 1972 UN Conference on the Human Environment , Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme described the damage caused by defoliant Agent Orange in the Vietnam War as ecocide and called for it to be made an international crime. United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said in 2017 that it is "highly desirable" to include ecocide as a crime at the International Criminal Court. Pope Francis in his address to
12384-399: The 318 kg robots were always strictly controlled and WDI always needed to know exactly what they were required to interact with. For this reason, they generally refused to have their puppets meet and greet children at the theme parks in case a WALL-E trod on a child's foot. Those who wanted to take a photograph with the character had to make do with a cardboard cutout. The film was denied
12556-582: The 54th session of the Human Rights Council, Volker Türk , United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights supported ecocide being made a crime at national and international levels. Stop Ecocide International (SEI) is an organisation which advocates amending the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court to include ecocide. It works with governments, politicians, diplomats and wider society. The organisation has branches or associate groups in almost 50 countries. SEI's sister organisation,
12728-608: The EU for products derived from ecocidal activities. Three members of the European Parliament, Keith Taylor , Eva Joly , and Jo Leinen , publicly gave the first signatures. The initiative did not collect the 1 million signatures needed, but was discussed in the European Parliament. In December 2019 at the 18th session of the Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Vanuatu and
12900-634: The Environment was formed at the conference, and a draft Ecocide Convention was submitted into the United Nations in 1973. This convention called for a treaty that would define and condemn ecocide as an international war crime, recognising that "man has consciously and unconsciously inflicted irreparable damage to the environment in times of war and peace." The International Law Commission 1978 Yearbook's ' Draft articles on State Responsibility and International Crime ' included: "an international crime (which) may result, inter alia, from: (d)
13072-551: The Holo-Detector. The reversal of EVE and WALL-E being damaged was actually intended to occur in the movie, but was later changed. Interpunct An interpunct · , also known as an interpoint , middle dot , middot , centered dot or centred dot , is a punctuation mark consisting of a vertically centered dot used for interword separation in Classical Latin . ( Word-separating spaces did not appear until some time between 600 and 800 CE .) It appears in
13244-425: The Japanese writing system usually does not use space or punctuation to separate words (though the mixing of katakana, kanji and hiragana gives some indication of word boundary). In Japanese typography , there exist two Unicode code points: The interpunct also has a number of other uses in Japanese, including the following: to separate titles, names and positions: 課長補佐・鈴木 (Assistant Section Head · Suzuki); as
13416-496: The Legal Definition of Ecocide describes it as "unlawful or wanton acts committed with knowledge that there is a substantial likelihood of severe and either widespread or long-term damage to the environment being caused by those acts". Common causes of ecocide include war, pollution, over-exploitation of natural resources such as the Amazon rainforest , and industrial disasters. The term was popularised by Olof Palme when he accused
13588-489: The Nintendo DS features fourteen explorable worlds. The Wii is the only version of the game that features 3 head-to-head multiplayer modes, while the Nintendo DS version features co-op modes playable as WALL-E or EVE . As the player plays through the levels of the Nintendo DS version, they unlock clips from the movie viewable at any time. The Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable versions allow
13760-589: The Promotion and Protection of Human Rights on the prevention and punishment of genocide was prepared by then Special Rapporteur , Benjamin Whitaker . The report contained a passage that Some members of the Sub-Commission have, however, proposed that the definition of genocide should be broadened to include cultural genocide or "ethnocide", and also "ecocide": adverse alterations, often irreparable, to
13932-778: The Stop Ecocide Foundation convened the Independent Expert Panel for the Legal Definition of Ecocide. The concept of ecocide originated in the 1970s after the United States devastated the environment in Vietnam through use of Agent Orange during the Vietnam War . The word was first recorded at the Conference on War and National Responsibility in Washington DC, where American plant biologist and bioethicist Arthur Galston proposed
14104-471: The Symbol column above may not render correctly in all browsers. Ecocide Ecocide (from Greek oikos "home" and Latin cadere "to kill") is the destruction of the environment by humans. Ecocide threatens all human populations who are dependent on natural resources for maintaining ecosystems and ensuring their ability to support future generations. The Independent Expert Panel for
14276-558: The United States of ecocide at the 1972 UN Conference on the Human Environment . There is currently no international crime of ecocide that applies in peacetime, only in wartime, covered by the Rome Statute . It was originally planned to be included in the Rome Statute and supported by many states, but was removed due to objections by the United Kingdom , France and the United States of America . Ecocide has been made
14448-458: The animators had to treat her like a drawing, relying on posing her body to express emotion. They also found her similar to a manatee or a narwhal because her floating body resembled an underwater creature. Auto was a conscious homage to HAL 9000 from 2001: A Space Odyssey , and the usage of The Blue Danube when Captain McCrea observes his daily tasks, also Also sprach Zarathustra for
14620-438: The artistic strive of Pixar itself, Hrag Vartanian compared WALL-E to Butades in a scene where the robot expresses his love for EVE by making a sculpture of her from spare parts. "The Ancient Greek tradition associates the birth of art with a Corinthian maiden who longing to preserve her lover's shadow traces it on the wall before he departed for war. The myth reminds us that art was born out of longing and often means more for
14792-399: The audience and went with Eggleston's original idea of a small number of larger signs. The premier class is a large Zen -like spa with colors limited to turquoise, cream, and tan, and leads on to the captain's warm carpeted and wooded quarters and the sleek dark bridge. In keeping with the artificial Axiom , camera movements were modeled after those of the steadicam . The use of live action
14964-408: The audience to understand and they could easily be driven off from the storyline. The Gels had a royal family, who host a dance in a castle on a lake in the back of the ship, and the Axiom curled up into a ball when returning to Earth in this incarnation of the story. Stanton decided this was too bizarre and unengaging, and conceived humanity as "big babies". Stanton developed the metaphorical theme of
15136-407: The centuries since the Axiom left Earth, its passengers have degenerated into helpless obesity due to microgravity and laziness, with robots catering to their every whim. Captain B. McCrea sits back while his robotic AI autopilot helm, nicknamed AUTO, pilots the ship. McCrea is unprepared for the positive probe response, but discovers that placing the plant in the ship's Holo-Detector will trigger
15308-574: The character's posture, so if they wanted him to be nervous, they would lower them. Stanton was unaware of the similarities between WALL-E and Johnny 5 from Short Circuit until others pointed it out to him. Stanton wanted EVE to be at the higher end of technology, and asked iPod designer Jonathan Ive to inspect her design. He was very impressed. Her eyes are modelled on Lite-Brite toys, but Pixar chose not to make them overly expressive as it would be too easy to have her eyes turn into hearts to express love or something similar. Her limited design meant
15480-578: The code point U+0387 · GREEK ANO TELEIA , however, it is also expressed as an interpunct. In practice, the separate code point for ano teleia canonically decomposes to the interpunct. The Hellenistic scholars of Alexandria first developed the mark for a function closer to the comma , before it fell out of use and was then repurposed for its present role. Interpuncts are often used to separate transcribed foreign names or words written in katakana . For example, " Beautiful Sunday " becomes ビューティフル・サンデー ( Byūtifuru·sandē ). A middle dot
15652-411: The concept of being fetus-like to allow the audience to see themselves in the characters. In a later version of the film, AUTO comes to the docking bay to retrieve EVE's plant. The film would have its first cutaway to the captain, but Stanton moved that as he found it too early to begin moving away from WALL-E's point-of-view. As an homage to Get Smart , AUTO takes the plant and goes into the bowels of
15824-587: The concrete and direct overall military advantage anticipated. The UN's International Law Commission (ILC) considered the inclusion of the crime of ecocide to be included within the Draft Code of Crimes Against the Peace and Security of Mankind, the document which later became the Rome Statute . Article 26 (crime against the environment) was publicly supported by 19 countries in the Legal Committee but
15996-532: The creator than the muse. In the same way Stanton and his Pixar team have told us a deeply personal story about their love of cinema and their vision for animation through the prism of all types of relationships." WALL-E premiered at the Greek Theatre in Los Angeles on June 23, 2008. Continuing a Pixar tradition, the film was paired with a short film for its theatrical release, Presto . The film
16168-525: The crime among those prosecuted by the International Criminal Court established by the Rome Statute . These crimes include genocide , crimes against humanity , war crimes and the crime of aggression . In 2010, environmental lawyer Polly Higgins submitted a proposal to the United Nations International Law Commission that defined ecocide as: The extensive damage to, destruction of or loss of ecosystems of
16340-615: The disaster, four square kilometres (1.5 sq mi) of pine forest directly downwind of the reactor turned reddish-brown and died, earning the name of the " Red Forest ". Some animals in the worst-hit areas also died or stopped reproducing. The disaster has been described by lawyers, academics and journalists as an example of ecocide. The effects of oil exploration in the fragile region of Niger Delta communities and environment have been vast. Local indigenous people have seen little improvement in their standard of living while suffering serious damage to their natural environment. Some of
16512-441: The dot operator denotes a dot product (e.g. x → ⋅ y → {\textstyle {\vec {x}}\cdot {\vec {y}}} , a scalar), which is distinct from the cross product (e.g. x → × y → {\displaystyle {\vec {x}}\times {\vec {y}}} , a vector). Another usage of this symbol in mathematics
16684-459: The element of intent in relation to ecocide, stating that "Intent may not only be impossible to establish without admission but, I believe, it is essentially irrelevant." Ecocide can threaten a people's cultural and physical existence, and several studies have shown that ecocide has genocidal dimensions. Destruction of the natural environment can result in cultural genocide by preventing people from following their traditional way of life. This
16856-505: The environment – for example through nuclear explosions, chemical weapons, serious pollution and acid rain, or destruction of the rain forest – which threaten the existence of entire populations, whether deliberately or with criminal negligence. Discussion of international crimes continued in the International Law Commission in 1987, where it was proposed that "the list of international crimes include "ecocide", as
17028-649: The environmental damage and how to prosecute it. Indonesia has one of the world's fastest deforestation rates. In 2020, forests covered approximately 49.1% of the country's land area, down from 87% in 1950. Since the 1970s, log production, various plantations and agriculture have been responsible for much of the deforestation in Indonesia . Most recently, it has been driven by the palm oil industry, which has been criticised for its environmental impact and displacement of local communities. The widespread deforestation (and other environmental destruction) in Indonesia
17200-491: The film criticizes the pursuit of leisure, whereas WALL-E in his stewardship learns to truly appreciate God's creation. During writing, a Pixar employee noted to Jim Reardon that EVE was reminiscent of the dove with the olive branch from the story of Noah's Ark , and the story was reworked with EVE finding a plant to return humanity from its voyage. WALL-E himself has been compared to Prometheus , Sisyphus , and Butades : in an essay discussing WALL-E as representative of
17372-627: The film's end. Jim Capobianco , director of the Ratatouille short film Your Friend the Rat , created an end credits animation that continued the story—and stylized in different artistic movements throughout history—to clarify an optimistic tone. WALL-E was the most complex Pixar production since Monsters, Inc. because of the world and the history that had to be conveyed. Whereas most Pixar films have up to 75,000 storyboards , WALL-E required 125,000. Production designer Ralph Eggleston wanted
17544-450: The film, he found its incorporation into the story "genius". Coincidentally, Newman's uncle Lionel worked on Hello, Dolly! Newman travelled to London to compose the end credits song " Down to Earth " with Peter Gabriel , who was one of Stanton's favorite musicians. Afterwards, Newman rescored some of the film to include the song's composition, so it would not sound intrusive when played. Louis Armstrong 's rendition of " La Vie en rose "
17716-531: The film, which was twice the average number for a Star Wars film, and a record in his career. Burtt began work in 2005, and experimented with filtering his voice for two years. Burtt described the robot voices as "like a toddler … universal language of intonation . 'Oh', 'Hm?', 'Huh!', you know?" During production Burtt had the opportunity to look at the items used by Jimmy MacDonald , Disney's in-house sound designer for many of their classic films. Burtt used many of MacDonald's items on WALL-E . Because Burtt
17888-462: The film. In " WALL-E : from environmental adaption to sentimental nostalgia ," Robin Murray and Joseph Heumann explain the important theme of nostalgia in this film. Nostalgia is clearly represented by human artifacts, left behind, that WALL-E collects and cherishes, for example Zippo lighters, hubcaps, and plastic sporks. These modern items that are used out of necessity are made sentimental through
18060-716: The filmmakers knew all emotions could be conveyed silently. Stanton cited Keaton's "great stone face" as giving them perseverance in animating a character with an unchanging expression. As he rewatched these, Stanton felt that filmmakers—since the advent of sound—relied on dialogue too much to convey exposition. The filmmakers dubbed the cockroach WALL-E keeps as a pet "Hal", in reference to silent film producer Hal Roach (as well as being an additional reference to HAL 9000). They also watched 2001: A Space Odyssey , The Black Stallion and Never Cry Wolf , films that had sound but were not reliant on dialogue. Stanton acknowledged Silent Running as an influence because its silent robots were
18232-425: The foliage, and to deprive them of food. Defoliation was also used to clear sensitive areas, including base perimeters and possible ambush sites along roads and canals. More than 20% of South Vietnam's forests and 3.2% of its cultivated land was sprayed at least once. 90% of herbicide use was directed at forest defoliation. The chemicals used continue to change the landscape, cause diseases and birth defects, and poison
18404-570: The food chain. Agent Orange in combination with bombings and poaching by locals for their erroneously valued horns led to the extinction of the Vietnamese Javan rhinoceros , reducing the population to 12 or less individuals in Cát Tiên National Park where the final individual of the subspecies was killed by a poacher in 2010. The aforementioned ecocides, bombings, and poaching and wildlife trafficking fuelled by
18576-534: The full stop. The space dot is still used by some in handwriting. In the early modern era, full stops (periods) were sometimes written as interpuncts (for example in the depicted 1646 transcription of the Mayflower Compact ). In the Shavian alphabet , interpuncts replace capitalization as the marker of proper nouns. The dot is placed at the beginning of a word. The punt volat ("flying point")
18748-492: The futuristic architecture of Santiago Calatrava . Eggleston divided the inside of the ship into three sections; the rear's economy class has a basic gray concrete texture with graphics keeping to the red, blue, and white of the BnL logo. The coach class with living/shopping spaces has "S" shapes as people are always looking for "what's around the corner". Stanton intended to have many colorful signs, but he realized this would overwhelm
18920-509: The hazardous damage of oil and gas exploration in the ecosystem are life threatening which includes Air pollution, Water pollution, Noise pollution etc. Affecting the aquatic lives, human health, also leads to deforestation. According to Nigerian federal government figures, there were more than 7,000 oil spills between 1970 and 2000. It has been estimated that a clean-up of the region, including full restoration of swamps, creeks, fishing grounds and mangroves , could take 25 years. The Niger Delta
19092-424: The historical Buy n Large CEO because "[h]e's the most friendly and insincere car salesman I could think of." The CEO says " stay the course ", which Stanton used because he thought it was funny and a "natural thing to say at the time". Industrial Light & Magic did the visual effects for these shots. WALL-E went undeveloped during the 1990s partly because Stanton and Pixar were not confident enough yet to have
19264-525: The humans learning to stand again and "grow[ing] up", wanting WALL-E and EVE's relationship to inspire humanity because he felt few films explore how utopian societies come to exist. The process of depicting the descendants of humanity as the way they appear in the movie was slow. Stanton first decided to put a nose and ears on the Gels so the audience could recognize them. Eventually, fingers, legs, clothes, and other characteristics were added until they arrived at
19436-400: The idea dark because having a planet covered in garbage was for him a childish imagining of disaster. Stanton and Docter developed the film under the title of Trash Planet for two months in 1995, but they did not know how to develop the story and Docter chose to direct Monsters, Inc. instead. Stanton came up with the idea of WALL-E finding a plant, because his life as the sole inhabitant on
19608-666: The interpunct in Chinese shares the code point U+00B7 ( · ), and it is properly (and in Taiwan formally) of full-width U+30FB ( ・ ). When the Chinese text is romanized , the partition sign is simply replaced by a standard space or other appropriate punctuation. Thus, William Shakespeare is written as 威廉·莎士比亞 ( Wēilián Shāshìbǐyà ) and George W. Bush as 喬治·W·布什 ( 喬治·W·布殊 ; Qiáozhì W. Bùshí ). Titles and other translated words are not similarly marked: Genghis Khan and Elizabeth II are simply 成吉思汗 ( Chéngjísī hán ) and 伊利沙伯二世 ( 伊麗莎白二世 ; Yīlìshābái èrshì ) without
19780-1024: The interpunct is used with enclitic forms: Bela Domna·l vostre cors gens E·lh vostre bel olh m'an conquis, E·l doutz esgartz e lo clars vis, E·l vostre bels essenhamens, Que, can be m'en pren esmansa, De beutat no·us trob egansa: La genser etz c'om posc'e·l mon chauzir, O no·i vei clar dels olhs ab que·us remir. Domna·l [ˈdonnal] = Domna, lo ("Lady, the": singular definite article ) E·lh [eʎ] = E li ("And the": plural definite article) E·l [el] = E lo ("And the") E·l = E lo ("And the") No·us [nows] = Non vos ("(do) not... you": direct object pronoun) E·l = En lo ("in the") No·i [noj] = Non i ("(do) not... there") // Que·us [kews] = Que vos ("that (I)... you") O pretty lady, all your grace and eyes of beauty conquered me, sweet glance and brightness of your face and all your nature has to tell so if I make an appraisal I find no one like in beauty: most pleasing to be found in all
19952-490: The last robot?" Having struggled for many years with making the characters in Toy Story appealing, Stanton found his simple Robinson Crusoe -esque idea of a lonely robot on a deserted planet strong. Stanton made WALL-E a waste collector as the idea was instantly understandable, and because it was a low-status menial job that made him sympathetic. Stanton also liked the imagery of stacked cubes of garbage. He did not find
20124-576: The late 19th century the use of such punctuation has largely fallen out of use in favor of whitespace, except in formal hand-written or liturgical texts. In Eritrea the character may be used as a comma. In Franco-Provençal (or Arpitan), the interpunct is used in order to distinguish the following graphemes: In modern French , the interpunct is sometimes used for gender-neutral writing, as in les salarié·e·s for les salariés et les salariées ("the employees [both male and female]"). Ancient Greek lacked spacing or interpuncts but instead ran all
20296-423: The lens of the bleak future of Earth. Nostalgia is also expressed through the musical score, as the film opens with a camera shot of outer space that slowly zooms into a waste filled Earth while playing "Put on Your Sunday Clothes", reflecting on simpler and happier times in human history. This film also expresses nostalgia through the longing of nature and the natural world, as it is the sight and feeling of soil, and
20468-429: The letters together. By Late Antiquity , various marks were used to separate words, particularly the Greek comma . In modern Greek , the ano teleia mark ( Greek : άνω τελεία , romanized : ánō teleía , lit. 'upper stop'; also known as άνω στιγμή , áno stigmí ) is the infrequently-encountered Greek semicolon and is properly romanized as such. In Greek text, Unicode provides
20640-428: The lighting of the first act on Earth to be romantic, and that of the second act on the Axiom to be cold and sterile. During the third act, the romantic lighting is slowly introduced into the Axiom environment. Pixar studied Chernobyl and the city of Sofia to create the ruined world; art director Anthony Christov was from Bulgaria and recalled Sofia used to have problems storing its garbage. Eggleston bleached out
20812-410: The lights he has collected light up to give an inviting atmosphere, like a Christmas tree . Eggleston tried to avoid the colors yellow and green so WALL-E—who was made yellow to emulate a tractor—would not blend into the deserted Earth, and to make the plant more prominent. Stanton also wanted the lighting to look realistic and evoke the science fiction films of his youth. He thought that Pixar captured
20984-758: The means of destruction, damage or injury to any other State Party." There is no definition of the terms 'widespread, long-lasting or severe'. In February 2024, the European Parliament adopted a law making large-scale, intentionally caused, environmental damage “comparable to ecocide” a crime that can be punished by up to 10 years in prison. Members of the states of the European Union have two years from that date to incorproate their crime into their national laws. As of early 2024, there are growing calls to recognize ecocide as an international crime. Efforts to criminalise ecocide have sought to include
21156-648: The middle dot is encoded both as independent glyph U+1427 ᐧ CANADIAN SYLLABICS FINAL MIDDLE DOT or as part of a pre-composed letter, such as in U+143C ᐼ CANADIAN SYLLABICS PWI . In the Carrier syllabics subset, the middle dot Final indicates a glottal stop, but a centered dot diacritic on [ə] -position letters transform the vowel value to [i] , for example: U+1650 ᙐ CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SE , U+1652 ᙒ CANADIAN SYLLABICS CARRIER SI . Characters in
21328-547: The most controversial aspects of the U.S. military effort in Southeast Asia was the widespread use of chemical defoliants between 1961 and 1971. 20 million gallons of toxic herbicides (like Agent Orange ) were sprayed on 6 million acres of forests and crops by the U.S. Air Force. They were used to defoliate large parts of the countryside to prevent the Viet Cong from being able to hide weaponry and encampments under
21500-521: The multiplication sign was a full stop (period). In publications conforming to the standards of the International System of Units , as well as the multiplication sign (×), the centered dot (dot operator) or space (often typographically a non-breaking space ) can be used as a multiplication sign. Only a comma or full stop (period) may be used as a decimal marker. The centered dot can be used when multiplying units, as in m·kg·s for
21672-468: The natural environment on a massive scale breach a duty of care owed to humanity in general. He proposed that such breaches, where deliberate, reckless or negligent, be identified as ecocide where they entail serious, and extensive or lasting, ecological damage ; international consequences; and waste . In 2011, the Hamilton Group drafted a mock Ecocide Act and then tested it via a mock trial in
21844-436: The opening shots of space with 1930s French swing music , but changed his mind after seeing The Triplets of Belleville (2003), not wanting to appear as if he were copying it. Stanton then thought about the song "Put On Your Sunday Clothes" from Hello, Dolly! , since he had portrayed the sidekick Barnaby Tucker in a 1980 high school production. Stanton found that the song was about two naive young men looking for love, which
22016-604: The original concept art for Tomorrowland for the Axiom , to reflect that era's sense of optimism. Stanton remarked "We are all probably very similar in our backgrounds here [at Pixar] in that we all miss the Tomorrowland that was promised us from the heyday of Disneyland ," and wanted a " jet pack " feel. Pixar also studied the Disney Cruise Line and visited Las Vegas , which was helpful in understanding artificial lighting. Eggleston based his Axiom designs on
22188-479: The physics of being underwater with Finding Nemo and so for WALL-E , he wanted to push that for air. While rewatching some of his favorite science fiction films, he realized that Pixar's other movies had lacked the look of 70 mm film and its barrel distortion , lens flare , and racking focus . Producer Jim Morris invited Roger Deakins and Dennis Muren to advise on lighting and atmosphere. Muren spent several months with Pixar, while Deakins hosted one talk and
22360-441: The plant brought back to the space ship by EVE, that make the captain decide it is time for humans to move back to Earth. WALL-E expresses nostalgia also, by reflecting on romantic themes of older Disney and silent films. Stanton describes the theme of the film as "irrational love defeats life's programming": I realized the point I was trying to push with these two programmed robots was the desire for them to try and figure out what
22532-431: The plant grows into a mighty tree, beneath which WALL-E and EVE rest. BACK ON M-O AND WALLY [ sic ] M-O just finishes cleaning the floor. Wally is fascinated. Impishly makes another mark. M-O compulsively cleans it. Can't resist. M-O (bleeps): [Look, it stays clean. You got that?] Wally wipes the bottom of his tread on M-O's face. M-O loses it. Scrubs his own face. —Stanton wrote
22704-402: The plant into the Holo-Detector, initiating the hyperjump back to Earth. Arriving on Earth, EVE repairs WALL-E, but his memory and personality have been erased. EVE gives WALL-E a goodbye "kiss", which releases a static electricity shock, restoring him. WALL-E and EVE reunite as the Axiom inhabitants take their first steps on Earth. Humans and robots turn the ravaged planet into a paradise, and
22876-478: The plant to the captain with repairing WALL-E, and it made WALL-E even more heroic if he held the holo-detector open despite being badly hurt. The idea of WALL-E losing his memory and personality came after the braintrust team abandoned a scene where EVE had been shot in her heart battery and WALL-E gave her his own battery instead. Stanton felt half the audience at the screening believed the humans would be unable to cope with living on Earth and would have died out after
23048-480: The player to use music to summon reject bots throughout the game. The story mode is based on an earlier version of the film with some creative liberties also taken, as the character's roles are different from the movie. GO-4 survives and tries to steal the plant when the Axiom lands on Earth, EVE is tasered by AUTO, WALL-E repairing EVE (EVE tries to repair WALL-E in the original) and WALL-E survives from getting crushed by
23220-522: The point of living was … It took these really irrational acts of love to sort of discover them against how they were built … I realized that that's a perfect metaphor for real life. We all fall into our habits, our routines and our ruts, consciously or unconsciously to avoid living. To avoid having to do the messy part. To avoid having relationships with other people or dealing with the person next to us. That's why we can all get on our cell phones and not have to deal with one another. I thought, 'That's
23392-518: The practice of using middle dot still exists. Historically, it was derived in the late 19th century from an older barred-o with curly tail as an adaptation to the typewriter. In Tibetan the interpunct, called tsek ( ཙེག་ ), is used as a morpheme delimiter. The Geʽez (Ethiopic) script traditionally separates words with an interpunct of two vertically aligned dots, like a colon , but with larger dots: U+1361 ፡ ETHIOPIC WORDSPACE . (For example ገድለ፡ወለተ፡ጴጥሮስ ). Starting in
23564-616: The purpose of this Statute, "ecocide" means unlawful or wanton acts committed with knowledge that there is a substantial likelihood of severe and either widespread or long-term damage to the environment being caused by those acts. Many notable people have publicly supported ecocide being made a crime at the International Criminal Court. Several world leaders, environmentalists and celebrities have publicly supported ecocide being made an international crime including Pope Francis , Antonio Guterres , Greta Thunberg , Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa , Emmanuel Macron , Jane Goodall and Paul McCartney . At
23736-417: The request of Stanton, Disney licensed WALL-E to The Criterion Collection , which re-released the film as a special edition 4K Blu-Ray -standard Blu-ray combo pack on November 22, 2022, marking the first Pixar film to ever receive such an honor. In the 29th century, Earth is a garbage-strewn wasteland due to an ecocide caused by rampant consumerism , corporate greed, and environmental neglect. Humanity
23908-411: The robots also take away humanity's need to put effort into relationships. Christian journalist Rod Dreher saw technology as the complicated villain of the film. The humans' artificial lifestyle on the Axiom has separated them from nature, making them "slaves of both technology and their own base appetites, and have lost what makes them human". Dreher contrasted the hardworking, dirt covered WALL-E with
24080-489: The score in 2005, in the hope that starting this task early would make him more involved with the finished film. But, Newman remarked that animation is so dependent on scheduling he should have begun work earlier on when Stanton and Reardon were writing the script. EVE's theme was arranged for the first time in October 2007. Her theme when played as she first flies around Earth originally used more orchestral elements, and Newman
24252-511: The screenplay to focus on the visuals and as a guide to what the sound effects needed to convey As depicted in the teaser trailer, Andrew Stanton conceived WALL-E during a lunch with fellow writers John Lasseter , Pete Docter , and Joe Ranft in 1994. Toy Story was near completion and the writers brainstormed ideas for their next projects— A Bug's Life , Monsters, Inc. , and Finding Nemo —at this lunch. Stanton asked, "What if mankind had to leave Earth and somebody forgot to turn off
24424-549: The sea every day due to Israel cutting off fuel supplies. Groundwater has been contaminated by toxins and munitions and air has been polluted by smoke and particulates from bombing. Soils have been degraded by uprooting trees and contaminated by toxins, munitions, heavy bombing and demolitions. Bombing by the Israeli army has created 37 million tonnes of debris and hazardous material, much of which contains human remains and tens of thousands of bombs. In June 2024, northern Gaza
24596-401: The sentence 'Oh, I think it likes me! I think it's hungry! I think it wants to go for a walk!'" He added, "We wanted the audience to believe they were witnessing a machine that has come to life." The animators visited recycling stations to study machinery, and also met robot designers, visited NASA 's Jet Propulsion Laboratory to study robots, watched a recording of a Mars rover , and borrowed
24768-497: The sequence. The film is recognized as a social criticism . Katherine Ellison asserts that "Americans produce nearly 400 million tons of solid waste per year but recycle less than a third of it, according to a recent Columbia University study." Landfills were filling up very rapidly worldwide, and predictions were made that the UK could run out of landfill space by 2017. In the DVD commentary, Stanton said that he has been asked if it
24940-455: The ship into a room resembling a brain where he watches videos of Buy n Large's scheme to clean up the Earth falling apart through the years. Stanton removed this to keep some mystery as to why the plant is taken from EVE. The captain appears to be unintelligent, but Stanton wanted him to just be unchallenged; otherwise he would have not been sympathetic. One example of how unintelligent the captain
25112-517: The ship. Originally, EVE would have been electrocuted by AUTO, and then be quickly saved from ejection at the hands of the Waste Allocation Load Lifter: Axiom-class (WALL-A) robots, by WALL-E. He would have then revived her by replacing her power unit with a cigarette lighter he brought from Earth. Stanton reversed this following a 2007 test screening, as he wanted to show EVE replacing her directive of bringing
25284-511: The showdown between Captain McCrea and Auto furthers that. The manner in which he hangs from a wall or ceiling gives him a threatening feel, like a spider. Originally, Auto was designed entirely differently, resembling EVE, but masculine and authoritative and SECUR-T was also a more aggressive patrol steward robot. The majority of the robot cast were formed with the Build-a-bot program, where different heads, arms and treads were combined in over
25456-407: The sleek clean robots on the ship. However, it is the humans and not the robots who make themselves redundant. Humans on the ship and on Earth have overused robots and the ultra-modern technology. During the end credits, humans and robots are shown working alongside each other to renew the Earth. " WALL-E is not a Luddite film," he said. "It doesn't demonize technology. It only argues that technology
25628-501: The sound effect good enough to properly cast her in the role. Burtt recorded a flying 10-foot-long (3.0 m) radio-controlled jet plane for EVE's flying, and for her plasma cannon, Burtt hit a slinky hung from a ladder with a timpani stick. He described it as a "cousin" to the blaster noise from Star Wars . MacInTalk was used because Stanton "wanted Auto to be the epitome of a robot, cold, zeros & ones, calculating, and soulless [and] Stephen Hawking 's kind of voice I thought
25800-441: The sound of cars being wrecked at a demolition derby provided for WALL-E's compressing trash in his body. The Macintosh computer chime was used to signify when WALL-E has fully recharged his battery. For EVE, Burtt wanted her humming to have a musical quality. Burtt was only able to provide neutral or masculine voices, so Pixar employee Elissa Knight was asked to provide her voice for Burtt to electronically modify. Stanton deemed
25972-493: The title, originally spelled " W.A.L.-E. " While the first act of WALL-E "fell out of the sky" for Stanton, he had originally wanted aliens to plant EVE to explore Earth and the rest of the film was different. When WALL-E comes to the Axiom , he incites a Spartacus -style rebellion by the robots against the remnants of the human race, which were cruel alien Gels (completely devolved, gelatinous, boneless, legless, see-through, green creatures that resemble Jell-O ). James Hicks,
26144-704: The two witness McCrea's first mate robot, GO-4, stowing the plant in a pod set to self-destruct, revealing that WALL-E did not steal the plant. WALL-E enters the pod to retrieve the plant just as it launches, and he and the plant survive the destruction of the pod. EVE catches up to him and they reconcile, celebrating with a dance in space around the Axiom . EVE brings the plant to McCrea, who watches her recordings of Earth, concluding that they must save it. AUTO reveals that secret no-return directive A113 orders them to not return to Earth, on account of toxicity levels making Earth unlivable. When McCrea goes against Directive A113, AUTO electrocutes WALL-E, throws WALL-E and EVE down
26316-647: The war from locals also furthered the declines of several other native Vietnamese species such as the Indochinese tiger , Asian elephant , Edward's pheasant , northern white-cheeked gibbon , and saola . Official US military records have listed figures including the destruction of 20% of the jungles of South Vietnam and 20-36% (with other figures reporting 20-50%) of the mangrove forests. The environmental destruction caused by this defoliation has been described by Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme , lawyers, historians and other academics as an ecocide. Based on
26488-400: The whites on Earth to make WALL-E feel vulnerable. The overexposed light makes the location look more vast. Because of the haziness, the cubes making up the towers of garbage had to be large, otherwise they would have lost shape (in turn, this helped save rendering time). The dull tans of Earth subtly become soft pinks and blues when EVE arrives. When WALL-E shows EVE all his collected items, all
26660-515: The world or else the eyes I see you with have dimmed. In many linguistic works discussing Old Irish (but not in actual Old Irish manuscripts), the interpunct is used to separate a pretonic preverbal element from the stressed syllable of the verb, e.g. do·beir "gives". It is also used in citing the verb forms used after such preverbal elements (the prototonic forms), e.g. ·beir "carries", to distinguish them from forms used without preverbs, e.g. beirid "carries". In other works,
26832-450: Was a stepping stone for Pixar, as Stanton was planning to make John Carter of Mars his next project. Storyboarder Derek Thompson noted introducing live action meant that they would make the rest of the film look even more realistic. Eggleston added that if the historical humans had been animated and slightly caricaturized, the audience then would not have been able to recognize how serious their devolution was. Stanton cast Fred Willard as
27004-568: Was also commercially successful, grossing $ 521.3 million worldwide and becoming the ninth-highest grossing film of 2008 . It won the 2008 Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film , the 2009 Hugo Award for Best Long Form Dramatic Presentation , the final Nebula Award for Best Script , the Saturn Award for Best Animated Film and the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature with five additional Oscar nominations. The film
27176-578: Was damaged , causing flooding and triggering warnings of an ″ecological disaster.″ The Ukrainian government, international observers and journalists have described the damage as ecocide. The Ukrainian government is investigating more than 200 war crimes against the environment and 15 incidents of ecocide (a crime in Ukraine). Zelenskyy and Ukraine's prosecutor general Andriy Kostin have met with prominent European figures ( Margot Wallstrom , Heidi Hautala , Mary Robinson and Greta Thunberg ) to discuss
27348-499: Was depicted initially is that he was seen to wear his hat upside-down, only to fix it before he challenges AUTO. In the finished film, he merely wears it casually atop his head, tightening it when he really takes command of the Axiom . Stanton also moved the moment where WALL-E reveals his plant (which he had snatched from the self-destructing escape pod) from producing it from a closet to immediately after his escape, as it made EVE happier and gave them stronger motivation to dance around
27520-449: Was described as a "wasteland", unable to sustain life. There is no international law against ecocide that applies in peacetime, but the Rome Statute makes it a crime to Intentionally launch an attack in the knowledge that such attack will cause incidental loss of life or injury to civilians or damage to civilian objects or widespread, long-term and severe damage to the natural environment which would be clearly excessive in relation to
27692-429: Was distracted by them. The director was reminded of Buster Keaton and decided the robot would not need a nose or mouth. Stanton added a zoom lens to make WALL-E more sympathetic. Ralph Eggleston noted this feature gave the animators more to work with and gave the robot a childlike quality. Pixar's studies of trash compactors during their visits to recycling stations inspired his body. His tank treads were inspired by
27864-410: Was encouraged to make it sound more feminine. Newman said Stanton had thought up many ideas for how he wanted the music to sound, and he generally followed them as he found scoring a partially silent film difficult. Stanton wanted the whole score to be orchestral, but Newman felt limited by this idea especially in scenes aboard the Axiom , and used electronics too. Stanton originally wanted to juxtapose
28036-514: Was evacuated to space by the megacorporation Buy n Large (BnL) on giant spaceships 700 years prior, leaving trash-compacting robots to clean up the planet. All but one of the robots have stopped functioning; the last remaining active robot, WALL-E (Waste Allocation Load Lifter: Earth-class), has developed a personality. WALL-E remains active by salvaging parts from inactive robots with his pet cockroach Hal as his only companion. WALL-E's routine of compressing trash and collecting interesting objects
28208-426: Was his intention to make a movie about consumerism. His answer was it was not; it was a way to answer the question of how would the Earth get to the state where one robot would be left to continue the cleanup by itself. Nevertheless, some critics have noted an incongruity between the perceived pro-environmental and anti-consumerist messaging of the film, and the environmental impacts in the production and merchandising of
28380-403: Was not simply adding sound effects in post-production, the animators were always evaluating his new creations and ideas, which Burtt found an unusual experience. He worked in sync with the animators, returning their animation after adding the sounds to give them more ideas. Burtt would choose scientifically accurate sounds for each character, but if he could not find one that worked, he would choose
28552-406: Was perfect." Additional sounds for the character were meant to give him a clockwork feel, to show he is always thinking and calculating. Burtt had visited Niagara Falls in 1987 and used his recordings from his trip for the sounds of wind, and ran around a hall with a canvas bag up to record the sandstorm. For the scene where WALL-E flees from falling shopping carts, Burtt and his daughter went to
28724-670: Was removed due to opposition from the Netherlands , the United Kingdom and the United States of America . In 1977 the United Nations adopted the Convention on the Prohibition of Military or any other Hostile use of Environmental Modification Technique . Article I of this Convention says, "Each State Party to this Convention undertakes not to engage in military or any other hostile use of environmental modification techniques having widespread, long-lasting or severe effects as
28896-441: Was requested to stay on for another two weeks. Stanton said Muren's experience came from integrating computer animation into live-action settings, while Deakins helped them understand not to overly complicate their camerawork and lighting. 1970s Panavision cameras were used to help the animators understand and replicate handheld imperfections like unfocused backgrounds in digital environments. The first lighting test included building
29068-428: Was similar to WALL-E's own hope for companionship. Jim Reardon , storyboard supervisor for the film, suggested WALL-E find the film on video, and Stanton included "It Only Takes a Moment" and the clip of the actors holding hands, because he wanted a visual way to show how WALL-E understands love and conveys it to EVE. Hello, Dolly! composer Jerry Herman allowed the songs to be used without knowing what for; when he saw
29240-561: Was to create a duty of care to mitigate or prevent naturally occurring disasters as well as creating criminal responsibility for human-caused ecocide. The proposal has yet to be accepted by the United Nations. On 22 January 2013, a committee of eleven citizens from nine European Union countries launched the " European Citizens Initiative (ECI) to End Ecocide in Europe". The initiative aimed at criminalizing ecocide and investments in activities causing ecocide, as well as denying market access to
29412-519: Was used for a montage where WALL-E attempts to impress EVE on Earth. The script also specified using Bing Crosby 's " Stardust " for when the two robots dance around the Axiom , but Newman asked if he could score the scene himself. A similar switch occurred for the sequence in which WALL-E attempts to wake EVE up through various means; originally, the montage would play with the instrumental version of " Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head ", but Newman wanted to challenge himself and scored an original piece for
29584-702: Was widely named by critics and organizations, including the National Board of Review and American Film Institute , as one of the best films of 2008, and is considered among the greatest animated films ever made . In 2021, WALL-E became the second Pixar feature film (after Toy Story ) to be selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". In September 2022, at
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