52-654: [REDACTED] Look up WFM in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. WFM may refer to: Science and technology [ edit ] Waveform monitor a type of oscilloscope used to monitor video signals Wired for Management , an Intel standard for managing computer systems Wideband FM , a form of frequency modulated radio Organisations [ edit ] Western Federation of Miners , an American labor union Whole Foods Market , an American foods supermarket World Federalist Movement/Institute for Global Policy ,
104-528: A global citizens movement Other [ edit ] Wallace Fard Muhammad , founder of the Nation of Islam Woman FIDE Master , a title awarded by FIDE to women chess players after fulfilling certain requirements Workforce management , the activities related to a company's employees WFM (motorcycle) , defunct Polish motorcycle manufacturer Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
156-475: A global citizens movement Other [ edit ] Wallace Fard Muhammad , founder of the Nation of Islam Woman FIDE Master , a title awarded by FIDE to women chess players after fulfilling certain requirements Workforce management , the activities related to a company's employees WFM (motorcycle) , defunct Polish motorcycle manufacturer Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
208-803: A letter from the Mexican border. Beynon described the substance of Fard's teaching as follows: The black men in North America are not Negroes, but members of the lost tribe of Shabazz , stolen by traders from the Holy City of Mecca 379 years ago. The prophet came to America to find and to bring back to life his long lost brethren, from whom the Caucasians had taken away their language, their nation and their religion. Here in America they were living other than themselves. They must learn that they are
260-421: A physical manifestation of Allah, Wallace denounced Fard as a human who "had his own designs on the black community". The group discontinued the annual Savior's Day celebration in honor of Fard. Wallace brought the group closer to mainstream Sunni Islam, restyling their 'temples' as mosques while 'ministers' became known as imams. Wallace rejected black nationalism in favor of Islamic anti-racism and disbanded
312-633: A responsible and ideal husband, who would later become the face and leader of the Nation Of Islam. From interviews with approximately two hundred families who followed Fard, Beynon concluded: Although the prophet lived in Detroit from July 4, 1930 until June 30, 1934, virtually nothing is known about him, save that he 'came from the East' and that he 'called' the Negroes of North America to enter
364-468: A room with a makeshift altar. In the audience were twelve adult witnesses and Harris's wife and children. Smith, who believed he was being inducted into the Allah Temple of Islam, was asked if he would sacrifice his life for Islam, and Smith nodded his assent. Harris then stabbed Smith in the chest, and proceeded to bludgeon him to death with an axle rod . After neighbors called the police, Harris
416-440: A severe chastisement until we did submit. And that He was able to force the whole world into submission to his will. He said that he loved us (the so-called Negroes), his lost and found, so well that he would eat rattlesnakes to free us if necessary, for he has power over all things. Part of Fard's teaching also involved admiration for Japan. Fard was known to teach from what outsiders described as "The Bible of Islam"; In 2023,
468-480: A textbook and taught in the style of a Southern Baptist preacher. Beynon writes that "With growing prestige over a constantly increasing group, [Fard] became bolder in his denunciation of white people and began to attack the teachings of the Bible in such a way as to shock his audience and bring them to an emotional crisis." Fard taught a form of black exceptionalism and self-pride to poor Southern blacks during
520-477: Is held in honor of Fard's birth. In 2020, it attracted an estimated 14,000 participants. With regard to Elijah Muhammad , Beynon's article stated: "From among the larger group of Muslims there has sprung recently an even more militant branch than the Nation of Islam itself. This new movement, known as the Temple People. To Mr. Fard alone do they offer prayer and sacrifice. Since Mr. Fard has been deified,
572-834: The Great Northward Migration at a time when old ideas of scientific racism were prevalent. He advocated that community members establish and own their own businesses, eat healthy, raise families, and refrain from drugs and alcohol. In 1938, sociologist Erdmann Doane Beynon published in the American Journal of Sociology a firsthand account of several interviews he conducted with followers of Fard in Michigan. From those interviews, Beynon wrote that Fard lived and taught in Detroit from 1930 to 1934. Fard taught his followers to reject surnames inherited from white slaveowners . As part of their initiation into
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#1732772938759624-547: The "Nation of Islam". Following the rapid increase in membership, he instituted a formal organizational structure. He established the Moslem Girls' Training and General Civilization Class , where women were taught how to keep their houses, clean, and cook. The men of the organization were drilled by captains and referred to as the Fruit of Islam . The entire movement was placed under a Minister of Islam. On September 25, Fard
676-457: The Allah Temple of Islam but vehemently denied any teaching of human sacrifice , were examined by psychiatrist David Clark, who recommended they be committed for further observation . A judge agreed, and both Fard and Ugan Ali were placed in straitjackets and confined in padded cells . With Fard and Ugan Ali still in custody five days after the murder, Elijah Muhammad, at the time known as Elijah Karriem, led over two hundred members into
728-477: The Blackman in America , which is a compilation of articles written for newspapers throughout the early part of his ministry, Muhammad summarized what Fard taught him as follows: He began teaching us the knowledge of ourselves, of God and the devil, of the measurement of the earth, of other planets, and of the civilization of some of the planets other than earth. ... He measured and weighed the earth and its water;
780-725: The Conference Members by the name of Mr. Osman Sharrieff said to the Eleven Members of the Conference: 'The Lost-Found Nation of Islam will not return to their original Land unless they, first, have a thorough Knowledge of their own.' So they sent a Messenger to them of their own. Now, the Messenger and his Laborers worked day and night for the last three and one-half years, and their accomplishments are approximately twenty-five thousand... In this lesson, Fard places
832-471: The Criminal Insane ; he died there on June 19, 1935. Faced with criminal charges, Ugan Ali was released after promising to help disband the Allah Temple of Islam, while Fard agreed to forever leave Detroit as a condition of release. On December 7, 1932, police put Fard on a train bound for Chicago. The Allah Temple of Islam was officially disbanded, though soon replaced by a new organization called
884-679: The Devils, and Present Time of our Delivery from the Devils by OUR SAVIOUR (ALLAH). PRAISE HIS HOLY NAME! There is No God but ALLAH. How that ALLAH would separate us from the Devils and, then destroy them; and Change us into a New and Perfect People; and Fill the Earth with FREEDOM, JUSTICE and EQUALITY as it was filled with wickedness; and Making we, the Poor Lost-Founds, the Perfect RULERS. In Elijah Muhammad's 1965 book Message to
936-584: The Islamic New Deal that if she cut off the heads of four devils—devils being unrighteous people—she would win a free trip to Mecca and a button of some sort." She further testified that she had been taught that Caucasians would be destroyed in the year 1934 by poison gas and fighting. Elijah Muhammad was found guilty for his role in establishing an unlicensed school, but he was released on probation. Amid rumors that police wanted both Fard and his chief aide dead, Elijah Muhammad fled for Chicago, and Fard
988-685: The Muslims to Copy, the Minister, Elijah Muhammad's Answers? The past History shows that the ALMIGHTY ALLAH sends Prophets and Apostles for the people's Guide and Example, and through them HIS Mystery was Revealed. And those who follow the Apostle would see the Light." Fard wrote several lessons which are read and committed to memory by members of the Nation of Islam. Some of the lessons are in
1040-426: The Nation of Islam. Former leader Ugan Ali was replaced by Elijah Muhammad. In January 1933, Fard snuck back into Detroit and held secret meetings with followers. Fard left Detroit for a few weeks but returned to Detroit and resumed preaching on street corners. Recognized by police, he was arrested on May 25, booked, and photographed . He was again released and ordered to depart the city. Fard renamed his community
1092-402: The Nation of Islam. His very name is uncertain. He was known usually as Mr. Wali Farrad or Mr. W. D. Fard, though he used also the following names: Professor Ford, Mr. Farrad Mohammed, Mr. F. Mohammed Ali. One of the few survivors who heard his first addresses states that he himself said: 'My name is W. D. Fard and I came from the Holy City of Mecca . More about myself I will not tell you yet, for
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#17327729387591144-409: The Temple People raise the former Minister of Islam, now a resident of Chicago." This reference is in conflict with the first hand accounts of Malcolm X, such as his appearance in 1963 on the news program City Desk. Malcolm X states that Elijah Mohammed was neither Allah nor a Prophet, but rather that he was a Messenger. Elijah Muhammad, who led the Nation of Islam from 1934 to 1975, heard Fard teach for
1196-719: The book was identified as Deliverance! by Joseph Franklin Rutherford , of the Watch Tower Society or Jehovah's Witnesses . Both during and after his life, some charged that Fard was a conman who used mystery and charisma to swindle poor blacks, selling them new Muslim names and stirring up racial animosity by copying selected elements of other Muslim religious sects and ideologies that fit his racial supremacist narrative. Fard influenced his successor Elijah Muhammad , Malcolm X , and many other Black nationalist thinkers. The annual Saviours' Day event
1248-424: The community contributed money and rented a hall to serve as a temple where meetings were conducted. The Quran was soon introduced as the most authoritative of all texts for the study of the faith. Fard prepared texts that served as authoritative manuals of the faith and were memorized verbatim by his followers. According to Beynon, Fard's followers grew to approximately eight thousand, and "[w]ithin three years
1300-491: The court building and staged a protest on the main floor. The police spent a full day expelling the protesters. On November 25, Harris was arraigned on charges of first-degree murder ; he pleaded guilty, but his bizarre courtroom behavior convinced witnesses of his insanity . On December 6, three psychiatrists testified that Harris was legally insane , and he was committed to the Ionia State Hospital for
1352-457: The date of his arrival. Acting as a door-to-door salesman , Fard spread his religious teachings throughout Detroit, and within three years grew the movement to a reported 25,000 members in Detroit, Chicago, and other cities. Fard began by selling Oriental silks door-to-door in Detroit's black section. Fard visited the homes of black families who had recently migrated to Detroit from the rural South. Fard told black residents that his silks were
1404-626: The first time in 1931. Elijah Muhammad stated that he and Fard became inseparable between 1931 and 1934, where he felt "jailed almost" due to the amount of time that they spent together with Fard teaching him day and night. A handwritten lesson written by Fard states: Twelve Leaders of Islam from all over the Planet have conferred in the Root of Civilization concerning the Lost-Found Nation of Islam – must return to their original Land. One of
1456-458: The form of questions asked by Fard to Elijah Muhammad. One such lesson concludes with the text: "This Lesson No. 2 was given by our Prophet, W.D. Fard, which contains 40 questions answered by Elijah Muhammad, one of the lost found in the wilderness of North America February 20th, 1934." While some scholars argue that Fard's divinity was a creation of Elijah Muhammad, Morrow points out that Fard did identify himself as God to Detroit police and that
1508-579: The 💕 [REDACTED] Look up WFM in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. WFM may refer to: Science and technology [ edit ] Waveform monitor a type of oscilloscope used to monitor video signals Wired for Management , an Intel standard for managing computer systems Wideband FM , a form of frequency modulated radio Organisations [ edit ] Western Federation of Miners , an American labor union Whole Foods Market , an American foods supermarket World Federalist Movement/Institute for Global Policy ,
1560-512: The group, Fard bestowed new Muslim names upon his converts. He taught that this practice restored their original and true identities, while also revealing the lies that cloaked the origins of the so-called Asiatic Blackman. Such names included Muhammad, Ali, Karriem, and Fardan. Scholars note that new names had previously been given by Noble Drew Ali of the Moorish Science Temple of America , who assigned surnames El and Bey;
1612-427: The history of the moon; the history of the two nations, black and white, that dominate the earth. He gave the exact birth of the white race; the name of their God who made them and how; and the end of their time, the judgment, how it will begin and end. ... He taught us the truth of how we were made 'slaves' and how we are kept in slavery by the 'slave-masters' children. He declared the doom of America, for her evils to us
WFM - Misplaced Pages Continue
1664-467: The militaristic "Fruit of Islam" group. In a 2000s interview alongside Louis Farrakhan, Warith Deen Muhammad described breaking with his father Elijah Muhammad over the issue of Fard's divinity: I differed with my father, and I didn't want to differ with him. In fact I never differed with him directly, he was told that someone heard me saying something different. So he called me to question me about it. And I told him that I could more readily believe he
1716-446: The name of Allah (God) or one of His divine attributes. He also taught us to give up all evil doings and practices and do righteousness or be destroyed from the face of the earth. He taught us that the slave-masters had taught us to eat the wrong food and that this is the cause of our sickness and short span of life. He declared that he would heal us and set us in heaven at once, if we would submit to Him. Otherwise he would chastise us with
1768-464: The number of converts obtained in Detroit at 25,000, and he describes a "Messenger" sent to the "Lost-Found Nation of Islam" who is "of their own". Nation of Islam theology states that this "Messenger" is Elijah Muhammad. Fard wrote, in his instructions to the leaders of his community, that they should "copy the Answers of Lesson of Minister Elijah Muhammad." He went on to state: "Why is Stress made to
1820-474: The original people, noblest of the nations of the earth. The Caucasians are the colored people, since they have lost their original color. The original people must regain their religion, which is Islam, their language, which is Arabic, and their culture, which is astronomy and higher mathematics, especially calculus. They must live according to the law of Allah, avoiding all meat of 'poison animals', hogs, ducks, geese, possums and catfish. They must give up completely
1872-533: The pattern of dropouts and alerted authorities. On March 27, the Detroit Free Press proclaimed that the " voodoo cult" had been revived, and the city initiated legal action against the school. The school was raided by police, and Elijah Muhammad was arrested. Press reported that at trial, fifteen-year-old Sally Ali, who had attended the University of Islam, testified that she had been taught "in
1924-708: The prophet not only began the movement but organized it so well that he himself was able to recede into the background, appearing almost never to his followers during the final months of his residence in Detroit." During this time, Clara Poole, later renamed Clara Muhammad, was introduced to W.D. Fard and his teachings through her in-laws . His teachings gave Poole hope and presented her life with new possibilities and new memories. After one of Fard's services, during which he asked if someone knew Elijah Poole, Clara, introduced him and his teachings to her husband, Elijah Poole, who later became Elijah Muhammad. His guidance and teachings eventually changed and reformed Elijah Poole into
1976-484: The psychiatrists who examined Fard after his arrest reported that Fard had delusions of Godhood. Morrow argues that under Elijah Muhammad, the doctrine of whites as devils was emphasized, while Fard had taught that "devils" were unbelievers of all races. Upon Elijah Muhammad's death in February 1975, his son Wallace (later Warith) was named successor and instituted sweeping reforms. Where his father has regarded Fard as
2028-454: The same kind that their ancestors in Mecca used and claimed to be a traveler from that land. When offered food, Fard reportedly ate what was provided but would advise residents to avoid certain foods, promising health benefits would follow. At his suggestion, he came back to teach the residents, along with guests. In the early stage of his ministry, Fard used the Bible as his textbook, since it
2080-512: The term "slave name" was used by the MSTA. After Fard's disappearance, Elijah Muhammad continued the practice of giving new Muslim names to converts to the Nation of Islam and added the letter X, symbolizing the unknown, instead of a name. Beynon's interviewees told him that reports of Fard's message spread throughout the black community. Attendance at the house meetings grew until the listeners were divided into groups and taught in shifts. Finally,
2132-420: The time has not yet come. I am your brother. You have not yet seen me in my royal robes.' Legends soon sprang up about this mysterious personality. In 1933, he began signing his name "W. F. Muhammad", which stood for Wallace Fard Muhammad, and used it on several lessons written in 1933 and 1934. On November 20, 1932, Robert Harris (who had received the name Robert Karriem from Fard) escorted James J. Smith into
WFM - Misplaced Pages Continue
2184-443: The title WFM . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WFM&oldid=1155079489 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages WFM From Misplaced Pages,
2236-668: The title WFM . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WFM&oldid=1155079489 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Wallace Fard Muhammad Wallace Fard Muhammad , also known as W. F. Muhammad , W. D. Fard , Wallace D. Fard , or Master Fard Muhammad , among other names (reportedly born February 26, c. 1877 – disappeared c. 1934 ),
2288-499: The use of stimulants, especially liquor. They must clean themselves up – both their bodies and their houses. If in this way they obeyed Allah, he would take them back to the Paradise from which they had been stolen – the Holy City of Mecca. Fard's lessons themselves state that the "traders" referenced by Beynon came to Africa, not Mecca. Modern Nation of Islam theology is based upon the belief that Fard's teaching of Elijah Muhammad
2340-485: Was God, than I could believe that his teacher was God. Because his teacher was a white man and he said white people were devils. My mother, when I was leaving the home one day, after my father had insisted that I accept God the way he presented God, or I was gonna be cut off from all communication, he told me he knew it would hurt me to know that I wouldn't be able to see my mother. He said - "you won't be able to talk to your mother or see her". So... I didn't change, and as I
2392-567: Was arrested in Chicago by local police while addressing an audience in a rented hall. The following morning, the Chicago judge dismissed charges of disturbing the peace and released Fard. Fard made a third surreptitious visit to Detroit, this time preaching that the white man would soon be destroyed by poison bombs. Fard established the University of Islam, where school-aged children were taught, as an alternative to Detroit public schools. By January 1934, local truant officers had noticed
2444-492: Was arrested. Under questioning, he confessed to the murder: "I had to kill somebody, I could not forsake my gods". Police initiated a manhunt for Fard and another leader, Ugan Ali, who were arrested and questioned. Harris was deemed insane and committed to a mental hospital . "The society cannot be blamed for anything he did," Ali was quoted as saying in the Detroit News . Fard and Ugan Ali, who acknowledged leadership of
2496-835: Was fulfillment of scripture regarding God's teaching of an Apostle, where Fard is described as "God in Person", the " Messiah ", and the " Mahdi ". Fard wrote the following for his followers: [T]he LESSONS that OUR SAVIOUR (ALLAH) gave us to Study and Learn is the Fulfillment of the Prophecies of All the Former Prophets concerning the Beginning of the Devils, and the Ending of the Civilization, and of our Enslavement by
2548-660: Was never again seen by most residents of Detroit. On November 24, 1932, the Escanaba Daily Press reported that "Wallace Fard, said by police to be a leader of the Order of Islam religious cult, is awaiting an immigration hearing. Officials say he came to the United States from Asia." Fard was later released, but he may have been forced to accept voluntary deportation. After Fard's departure, he initially maintained communication with Elijah Muhammad, sending him
2600-438: Was past due. And that she is number one to be destroyed. Her judgment could not take place until we hear the truth. ... He declared that we were without the knowledge of self or anyone else. How we had been made blind, deaf and dumb by this white race of people and how we must return to our people, our God and His religion of peace (Islam), the religion of the prophets. We must give up the slave names of our slave-masters and accept
2652-783: Was the founder of the Nation of Islam . He arrived in Detroit in 1930 with an ambiguous background and several aliases and proselytized syncretic Islamic teachings to the city's black population. In 1934, he disappeared, and Elijah Muhammad succeeded him as leader of the Nation of Islam. The Islamic scholar John Andrew Morrow summarizes Fard's teachings as rooted in "a wide variety of (Islamic) ideas from both East and West" including " Twelver Shi'ism , Sevener Shi'ism , Druzism , and Shi'ite Extremism, as well as Babism , Baha'ism , Yezidism , Ahmadism , and Sufism ." Fard first appeared in Detroit in 1930; his followers cite July 4, 1930, as
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#17327729387592704-482: Was the only religious book with which the majority of his audience were familiar. Bowen similarly argues that in the early Nation of Islam, "ministers regularly referenced passages from the Bible to prove their claims". Fard's successor Elijah Muhammad would later claim Fard "knew the Bible better than any of the Christian-bred Negroes". Lomax wrote that Fard was "well-versed" in the Bible, used it as
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