117-722: WIN Corporation is a private Australian media company, that owns assets including the WIN Television network, Crawford Productions and several local radio stations. The company is based in Wollongong , New South Wales . The WIN brand began from a sole free-to-air terrestrial television station in Wollongong, WIN-4 , owned by Television Wollongong Transmissions (TWT). In 1979, then-owner Rupert Murdoch sold his 76 per cent controlling interest in TWT to Oberon Broadcasters ,
234-479: A Mediterranean climate . The south-east ranges from oceanic (Tasmania and coastal Victoria) to humid subtropical (upper half of New South Wales), with the highlands featuring alpine and subpolar oceanic climates . The interior is arid to semi-arid . Driven by climate change , average temperatures have risen more than 1°C since 1960 . Associated changes in rainfall patterns and climate extremes exacerbate existing issues such as drought and bushfires . 2019
351-525: A belt of Brigalow grasslands lie between the coast and the mountains, while inland of the dividing range are large areas of grassland and shrubland. These include the western plains of New South Wales, and the Mitchell Grass Downs and Mulga Lands of inland Queensland. The northernmost point of the mainland is the tropical Cape York Peninsula . The landscapes of the Top End and
468-824: A large wave of immigration from across Europe , with such immigrants referred to as " New Australians ". This required a relaxation of the white Australia policy , which was justified to Australians using the slogan "populate or perish". A member of the Western Bloc during the Cold War , Australia participated in the Korean War and the Malayan Emergency during the 1950s and the Vietnam War from 1962 to 1972. During this time, tensions over communist influence in society led to unsuccessful attempts by
585-515: A "coming soon" test pattern on channels 85 and 86 on 10 February 2016. Both channels began broadcasting on 1 March 2016. As a result, their channel listing was reshuffled to match Nine's metropolitan with 9Gem on channel 82, 9Go! on channel 83, 9Life on channel 84, Extra on channel 85, and Gold on channel 86. The network continued to produce its own local news service, WIN News , for most of its markets throughout its Nine affiliation, although requests for increased revenue by Nine repeatedly threatened
702-461: A date which later became Australia's national day . Most early settlers were convicts , transported for petty crimes and assigned as labourers or servants to "free settlers" (willing immigrants). Once emancipated , convicts tended to integrate into colonial society. Convict rebellions and uprisings were suppressed under martial law, which lasted for two years following the 1808 Rum Rebellion , Australia's only successful coup d'état . During
819-489: A deal was secured on 28 March 2017 for the sole sale of NRN to WIN for $ 55 million. The sale took effect on 31 May 2017; NRN was rebranded as WIN on 1 September 2017, with playout and transmission transferred to WIN, while the LCNs were reshuffled to align with WIN's other stations, although they stayed as 5-numbered due to 8-numbering already held by Nine-owned NBN Television for Northern NSW. On 28 May 2018, WIN announced
936-889: A direct feed from Nine, excluding WIN News. The only local programming broadcast by the WIN Network as of 2023 consists of half-hour local WIN News bulletins for its Nine stations in Regional Queensland, Southern New South Wales, Griffith, Regional Victoria, and Tasmania, as well as short news updates for its Ten station in northern New South Wales. WIN News is the network's local news service. Fourteen regional bulletins and news updates are presented from studios in Wollongong , with reporters and camera crews based in district newsrooms. In most markets, WIN News may compete with Seven News or Nightly News . WIN has produced independent news reports and bulletins since 1962 for its original Wollongong station. As well as
1053-417: A geographically large portion of regional and remote Australia through owned-and-operated stations including RTQ Queensland, NRN Northern New South Wales, WIN Southern New South Wales & ACT, VTV Victoria, TVT Tasmania, MTN Griffith, STV Mildura, SES Mount Gambier, RTS Riverland, and WOW Western Australia. WIN's high-definition channel, WIN HD , originally launched on 17 March 2008 as
1170-604: A long-term interest in a small cinema chain in Tasmania through a joint venture with Village Roadshow until 2013. The joint venture owned four cinemas which were branded as 'Village Cinemas'. This interest was originally acquired by ENT Ltd. in 1988. In early 2006, WIN Corporation bought a 25% stake in the St. George Illawarra Dragons from the Illawarra Steelers for $ 6.5 million. In August 2018 WIN Corporation purchased
1287-481: A mixture of Seven and existing WIN programming, commencing on 1 October 2007. WIN also started producing some local Australian programmes to replace key Nine content, including Alive and Cooking and Susie , as well as the independently sourced The Ellen DeGeneres Show . WIN also produced Fishing Australia as part of its local content output on the WIN Network. Two years later, WIN officially reinstated its supply of Nine content to regional South Australia with
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#17327722609421404-518: A new programme supply agreement with the Australian News Channel to carry Sky News Australia content on a new free-to-air channel, Sky News on WIN , which launched on 2 September 2018. The channel consisted of mixed Sky News and Fox Sports News programming, along with WIN's All Australian News, while Sky programmes gained access to WIN's regional news stories. WIN converted TVSN to MPEG-4 SD on 30 August 2018, two days before
1521-575: A new supplementary channel, WIN SA, relaying NWS from Adelaide. On 9 August 2009, WIN began transmission of the new digital channel GO! on channel 88 in Southern NSW, Regional Victoria, Tasmania, and Regional Queensland. It soon reached Mildura in 2010 and regional SA in 2011. In June 2010, playout was moved from WIN's Wollongong headquarters to its new Media Hub facility in the south-west Sydney suburb of Ingleburn , co-owned with ABC Television . On 26 September 2010, WIN began transmission of
1638-613: A private investment group which included Paramount Television programming executive Bruce Gordon . This allowed Murdoch to purchase Sydney station TEN-10 . In 1985, TWT was made public on the Sydney Stock Exchange as TWT Holdings Limited with Gordon retaining a 70 per cent stake. Gordon privatised the business in 1992 to become WIN Corporation . In the late 1980s, the Federal Government's television equalisation program (known as aggregation) gave Gordon
1755-491: A programme supply agreement with third-placed metropolitan broadcaster Network 10 for its Northern New South Wales station. WIN also produces and broadcasts weeknight half-hour local news bulletins across its Queensland, southern New South Wales, Victoria, and Tasmania markets as WIN News . Through its many television broadcast licences, WIN re-broadcasts metropolitan network content into regional Australian markets, as follows: Television Wollongong Transmission Limited (TWT)
1872-648: A prominent role in the local Illawarra community through investment in long-term naming rights to the Dragons' Wollongong home ground, WIN Stadium . WIN also holds naming rights to the neighbouring WIN Entertainment Centre , home to basketball's Illawarra Hawks . In June 2019, WIN closed several newsrooms throughout New South Wales and Queensland, including Orange, Wagga, Albury and Queensland's Hervey Bay. WIN Corporation owns two FM radio stations in New South Wales : Australia Australia , officially
1989-581: A settlement was established in Van Diemen's Land (present-day Tasmania ), and in 1813, Gregory Blaxland , William Lawson and William Wentworth crossed the Blue Mountains west of Sydney, opening the interior to European settlement. The British claim extended to the whole Australian continent in 1827 when Major Edmund Lockyer established a settlement on King George Sound (modern-day Albany ). The Swan River Colony (present-day Perth )
2106-562: A short distance off the north-east coast and extends for more than 2,000 km (1,200 mi). Mount Augustus , claimed to be the world's largest monolith, is located in Western Australia. At 2,228 m (7,310 ft), Mount Kosciuszko is the highest mountain on the Australian mainland. Even taller are Mawson Peak , at 2,745 m (9,006 ft), on the remote Australian external territory of Heard Island , and, in
2223-584: A single television station covering the Wollongong region. The WIN Network has since grown to cover much of regional Australia. The network's name, WIN , originates from its first station, Wollongong's WIN-4 . WIN has a programme supply agreement with metropolitan broadcaster Nine Network , covering its stations in Regional Queensland , Southern and Western New South Wales , Griffith , Regional Victoria , Mildura , Tasmania , Eastern South Australia , and Regional Western Australia . WIN also has
2340-494: A sister to the Nine Network's rebranded high-definition simulcast, 9HD . WIN HD broadcast in 1080i high definition and was available on WIN's regional stations, RTQ Queensland, WIN Southern New South Wales and ACT, VTV Victoria, and TVT Tasmania. The channel broadcast breakaway programming from launch until 3 August 2009, when it was turned into a straight HD simulcast. WIN HD fully ceased broadcasting on 26 September 2010 with
2457-483: A total audience reach of 4.842 million people. Through Bruce Gordon's leadership, in the late 1990s and 2000s, WIN built stakes in PBL , Network Ten , and TPG Telecom . TPG Telecom was at the time known as SP Telemedia and owned fellow Nine affiliate NBN Television . August 2005 saw WIN purchase a controlling 50.1 per cent stake in satellite subscription television carrier SelecTV , however failure in adequately growing
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#17327722609422574-411: A wide variety of landscapes, with tropical rainforests in the north-east, mountain ranges in the south-east, south-west and east, and desert in the centre. The desert or semi-arid land commonly known as the outback makes up by far the largest portion of land. Australia is the driest inhabited continent; its annual rainfall averaged over continental area is less than 500 mm. The population density
2691-436: Is 3.4 inhabitants per square kilometre, although the large majority of the population lives along the temperate south-eastern coastline. The population density exceeds 19,500 inhabitants per square kilometre in central Melbourne. In 2021 Australia had 10% of the global permanent meadows and pastureland. Forest cover is around 17% of Australia's total land area. The Great Barrier Reef , the world's largest coral reef, lies
2808-413: Is a constitutional monarchy , a parliamentary democracy and a federation . The country has maintained its mostly unchanged constitution alongside a stable liberal democratic political system since Federation in 1901. It is one of the world's oldest federations, in which power is divided between the federal and state governments. The Australian system of government combines elements derived from
2925-519: Is an affiliate of Network 10 in Griffith, Northern New South Wales , and eastern South Australia . WIN Television has always produced regional programming, including the flagship local news service WIN News , that supplements programmes sourced from affiliates. Since its inception, the network has produced and broadcast notable programmes, including Sportsview and Sportsworld , a review of international, national, and local sporting events. From
3042-461: Is governed by convention and their precise scope is unclear. The most notable exercise of these powers was the dismissal of the Whitlam government in the constitutional crisis of 1975 . WIN Television WIN Television is an Australian television network owned and operated by WIN Corporation that is based in Wollongong , New South Wales. WIN commenced transmissions on 18 March 1962 as
3159-586: Is now Southeast Asia. It is uncertain how many waves of immigration may have contributed to these ancestors of modern Aboriginal Australians. The Madjedbebe rock shelter in Arnhem Land is possibly the oldest site showing the presence of humans in Australia. The oldest human remains found are the Lake Mungo remains , which have been dated to around 41,000 years ago. Aboriginal Australian culture
3276-629: Is one of only two pristine Archaean 3.6–2.7 Ga (billion years ago) crusts identified on the Earth. Having been part of all major supercontinents , the Australian continent began to form after the breakup of Gondwana in the Permian , with the separation of the continental landmass from the African continent and Indian subcontinent. It separated from Antarctica over a prolonged period beginning in
3393-466: Is one of the oldest continuous cultures on Earth. At the time of first European contact, Aboriginal Australians belonged to wide range of societies, with diverse economies spread across at least 250 different language groups . Estimates of the Aboriginal population before British settlement range from 300,000 to 3 million. Aboriginal Australians cultures were (and remain) deeply connected with
3510-411: Is unique. About 85% of flowering plants, 84% of mammals, more than 45% of birds , and 89% of in-shore, temperate-zone fish are endemic . Australia has at least 755 species of reptile, more than any other country in the world. Besides Antarctica, Australia is the only continent that developed without feline species. Feral cats may have been introduced in the 17th century by Dutch shipwrecks, and later in
3627-629: The Broadcasting Services Act , the network was able to introduce, in partnership with other stations, additional digital-only Network Ten affiliates. These included Tasmania's TDT , launched in late 2003 in partnership with Southern Cross Broadcasting , and Mildura's MDV in January 2006, with Prime Television . On 30 May 2007, WIN purchased NWS from Southern Cross Broadcasting for A$ 105 million. Similarly, STW Perth , owned by Sunraysia Television and affiliated with
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3744-768: The Colonial Office that it be formally adopted. In 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known officially by that name. The first official published use of the new name came with the publication in 1830 of The Australia Directory by the Hydrographic Office . Colloquial names for Australia include " Oz ", " Straya " and " Down Under ". Other epithets include "the Great Southern Land", "the Lucky Country" (from
3861-535: The Commonwealth of Australia , is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands . Australia has a total area of 7,688,287 km (2,968,464 sq mi), making it the sixth-largest country in the world and the largest country by area in Oceania . It is the world's oldest, flattest, and driest inhabited continent, with some of
3978-595: The Gulf Country —with their tropical climate—include forest, woodland, wetland, grassland, rainforest and desert. At the north-west corner of the continent are the sandstone cliffs and gorges of The Kimberley , and below that the Pilbara . The Victoria Plains tropical savanna lies south of the Kimberley and Arnhem Land savannas, forming a transition between the coastal savannas and the interior deserts. At
4095-551: The Indian Ocean Dipole and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation , which is correlated with periodic drought , and the seasonal tropical low-pressure system that produces cyclones in northern Australia. These factors cause rainfall to vary markedly from year to year. Much of the northern part of the country has a tropical, predominantly summer-rainfall ( monsoon ). The south-west corner of the country has
4212-539: The Iraq War from 2003 to 2009. The nation's trade relations also became increasingly oriented towards East Asia in the 21st century, with China becoming the nation's largest trading partner by a large margin. In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic , several of Australia's largest cities were locked down for extended periods and free movement across the national and state borders was restricted in an attempt to slow
4329-664: The Menzies Government to ban the Communist Party of Australia , and a bitter split in the Labor Party in 1955. As a result of a 1967 referendum , the federal government gained the power to legislate with regard to Indigenous Australians, and Indigenous Australians were fully included in the census . Pre-colonial land interests (referred to as native title in Australia) was recognised in law for
4446-674: The Nine Network enabled it to clinch the Nine Network affiliation away from QTV , which was then forced to affiliate with third-placed Network Ten with just days to go. ENT Limited , a Launceston -based company that owned a number of television and radio stations in regional Victoria and Tasmania , was taken over by WIN in 1994. Television Victoria and TasTV were, as a result, rebranded as WIN Television. The network further expanded to Griffith in 1998, when WIN purchased MTN-9 Griffith and its supplementary station AMN-31 from its local owners. As MTN had been affiliated with WIN since
4563-478: The Nine Network , was purchased on 8 June 2007 for A$ 163.1 million. Despite the station's ownership of Nine Perth, the regional WIN WA service continued to broadcast Ten News Perth , produced for and shown on rival Perth station Ten Perth , until 27 August 2007, when Ten West came into service. A conflict between WIN and its long-time metropolitan partner, the Nine Network, arose in mid-2007, with PBL Media , Nine's parent company, requesting 40 percent of
4680-738: The Pacific Community ; the Commonwealth of Nations ; and the defence and security organisations ANZUS , AUKUS , and the Five Eyes . It is also a major non-NATO ally of the United States. The name Australia (pronounced / ə ˈ s t r eɪ l i ə / in Australian English ) is derived from the Latin Terra Australis ( ' southern land ' ), a name used for a hypothetical continent in
4797-532: The Permian and continuing through to the Cretaceous . When the last glacial period ended in about 10,000 BC, rising sea levels formed Bass Strait , separating Tasmania from the mainland. Then between about 8,000 and 6,500 BC, the lowlands in the north were flooded by the sea, separating New Guinea, the Aru Islands , and the mainland of Australia. The Australian continent is moving toward Eurasia at
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4914-686: The Territory of Papua and New Guinea in 1949 and gained independence from Australia in 1975. In 1914, Australia joined the Allies in fighting the First World War, and took part in many of the major battles fought on the Western Front . Of about 416,000 who served, about 60,000 were killed and another 152,000 were wounded. Many Australians regard the defeat of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) at Gallipoli in 1915 as
5031-528: The Torres Strait Islands . The Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines and named the island continent " New Holland " during the 17th century, and although no attempt at settlement was made, a number of shipwrecks left men either stranded or, as in the case of the Batavia in 1629, marooned for mutiny and murder, thus becoming the first Europeans to permanently inhabit
5148-697: The Viewer Access Satellite Television service. WIN News bulletins are carried on the VAST service to allow viewers in remote areas of Central and Eastern Australia, as well as terrestrial reception blackspots, to obtain news local to their area. Subscription cable is also provided by TransACT in the Australian Capital Territory and Neighbourhood Cable in Ballarat and Mildura . WIN broadcasts to
5265-696: The bombing of Darwin and other Japanese attacks on Australian soil , led to a widespread belief in Australia that a Japanese invasion was imminent , and a shift from the United Kingdom to the United States as Australia's principal ally and security partner. Since 1951, Australia has been allied with the United States under the ANZUS treaty. In the decades following World War II, Australia enjoyed significant increases in living standards, leisure time and suburban development. Governments encouraged
5382-426: The emu and the kookaburra . Australia is home to many dangerous animals including some of the most venomous snakes in the world. The dingo was introduced by Austronesian people who traded with Indigenous Australians around 3000 BCE . Many animal and plant species became extinct soon after first human settlement, including the Australian megafauna ; others have disappeared since European settlement, among them
5499-595: The governor-general at the federal level and by the governors at the state level, who by section 63 of the Constitution and convention act on the advice of their ministers. Thus, in practice the governor-general acts as a legal figurehead for the actions of the prime minister and the Cabinet. The governor-general may in some situations exercise reserve powers : powers exercisable in the absence or contrary to ministerial advice. When these powers may be exercised
5616-661: The "baptism of fire" that forged the new nation's identity . The beginning of the campaign is commemorated annually on Anzac Day , a date which rivals Australia Day as the nation's most important. From 1939 to 1945, Australia joined the Allies in fighting the Second World War. Australia's armed forces fought in the Pacific , European and Mediterranean and Middle East theatres . The shock of Britain's defeat in Singapore in 1942, followed soon after by
5733-587: The "island continent" and is sometimes considered the world's largest island . Australia has 34,218 km (21,262 mi) of coastline (excluding all offshore islands), and claims an extensive exclusive economic zone of 8,148,250 square kilometres (3,146,060 sq mi). This exclusive economic zone does not include the Australian Antarctic Territory . Mainland Australia lies between latitudes 9° and 44° south , and longitudes 112° and 154° east . Australia's size gives it
5850-428: The 18th century by European settlers. They are now considered a major factor in the decline and extinction of many vulnerable and endangered native species. Seafaring immigrants from Asia are believed to have brought the dingo to Australia sometime after the end of the last ice age—perhaps 4000 years ago—and Aboriginal people helped disperse them across the continent as pets, contributing to the demise of thylacines on
5967-539: The 1964 book of the same name ), "the Sunburnt Country", and "the Wide Brown Land". The latter two both derive from Dorothea Mackellar 's 1908 poem " My Country ". Indigenous Australians comprise two broad groups: Human habitation of the Australian continent is estimated to have begun 50,000 to 65,000 years ago, with the migration of people by land bridges and short sea crossings from what
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#17327722609426084-543: The 2018 Environmental Performance Index . There are more than 1,800 animals and plants on Australia's threatened species list, including more than 500 animals. Paleontologists discovered a fossil site of a prehistoric rainforest in McGraths Flat , in South Australia, that presents evidence that this now arid desert and dry shrubland / grassland was once home to an abundance of life. Australia
6201-691: The ACT, and regional areas in Victoria and Queensland switch to Nine affiliation at midnight on 1 July 2016. With that announcement, WIN was effectively stripped of its 27-year partnership with Nine. In response, WIN entered affiliation talks with Network Ten , in which Gordon held a significant stake, reaching a final agreement on 23 May 2016. From 1 July 2016, WIN carried Ten programming into its regional Queensland, Southern NSW, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, and Western Australia markets. Supplementary station deals were left until late due to disagreement over
6318-656: The Australian Antarctic Territory, Mount McClintock and Mount Menzies , at 3,492 m (11,457 ft) and 3,355 m (11,007 ft) respectively. Eastern Australia is marked by the Great Dividing Range , which runs parallel to the coast of Queensland, New South Wales and much of Victoria. The name is not strictly accurate, because parts of the range consist of low hills, and the highlands are typically no more than 1,600 m (5,200 ft) in height. The coastal uplands and
6435-558: The Australian mainland. The first ship and crew to chart the Australian coast and meet with Aboriginal people was the Duyfken , captained by Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon . He sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula in early 1606, and made landfall on 26 February 1606 at the Pennefather River near the modern town of Weipa on Cape York. Later that year, Spanish explorer Luís Vaz de Torres sailed through and navigated
6552-741: The Broadcasting Services Act, allowing the network to launch a WIN Ten service using the MGS call sign in Mount Gambier and LRS in the Riverland. This enabled the main SES/RTS station to be a sole Nine Network affiliate, which lasted until 2007, when a supply agreement was made with Seven. As well as the flagship weeknightly WIN News bulletin, WIN has been prolific in broadcasting relevant programmes for its audience. In
6669-434: The Commonwealth of Australia. This continued a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom, highlighted by the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942 , and culminating in the Australia Acts of 1986. Australia is a federal parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy comprising six states and ten territories . Its population of more than 28 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on
6786-443: The HD digital channel GEM on channel 80 in Southern NSW, Regional Victoria, Tasmania, and Regional Queensland. On 1 May 2012, WIN began transmission of an SD digital infomercial channel, Gold , on channel 84. The second infomercial channel, Gold2 , began on 13 July 2013 as a five-hour timeshift of Gold. Following Nine's launch of 9HD and 9Life on 26 November 2015 and WIN's promise of following suit, WIN began broadcasting
6903-429: The Illawarra Steelers remaining 25% stake for a "commercially in confidence" sum, taking its stake to 50%. It was announced on 23 May 2016 that WIN Television had signed an affiliation agreement with Network Ten for a five-year period starting on 1 July 2016. WIN's former affiliation partner, Nine Network , signed with Southern Cross Austereo in April 2016 having secured a 50 per cent revenue share deal. WIN plays
7020-473: The Nine-branded metropolitan Adelaide station to Nine Network 's parent Nine Entertainment Co. for $ 140 million along with an option to purchase the Perth station, which was exercised in September 2013. In October 2015 WIN Corporation purchased a 14 per cent stake in Nine Entertainment Co. from investment fund operator Apollo. In 2008, WIN invested in a 50 per cent share of the Australian Poker League, buying from its founder Martin Martinez. However this stake
7137-586: The Southern Hemisphere since ancient times. Several 16th-century cartographers used the word Australia on maps, but not to identify modern Australia. When Europeans began visiting and mapping Australia in the 17th century, the name Terra Australis was applied to the new territories. Until the early 19th century, Australia was best known as New Holland , a name first applied by the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1644 (as Nieuw-Holland ) and subsequently anglicised. Terra Australis still saw occasional usage, such as in scientific texts. The name Australia
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#17327722609427254-624: The WIN Network's stations, it relays sports coverage broadcast from Nine's Wide World of Sports . On WIN's Northern New South Wales 10 station and other 10 stations in Griffith, Mildura, Regional WA, and Eastern SA owned by WIN and affiliated with 10, it relays sports coverage provided by 10 Sport . The Seven stations in Griffith, Mount Gambier, and the Riverland carry Seven Sport sports coverage. WIN Television's transmissions are available from both free-to-air terrestrial transmitters in major regional centres and free-to-view satellite transmissions across regional and remote Western Australia on
7371-451: The case on 28 April 2016, ruling that the definition of "broadcasting" in WIN's affiliation agreement with the Nine Network did not cover internet streaming "and that Nine is under no express or implied obligation not to do it". Shortly after WIN's legal defeat, Nine announced a new $ 500 million, five-year programme supply agreement with Southern Cross Austereo , the Ten affiliate. This saw Southern Cross Austereo's stations in Southern NSW,
7488-438: The centre and Phanerozoic sedimentary basins , metamorphic and igneous rocks in the east. The Australian mainland and Tasmania are situated in the middle of the tectonic plate and have no active volcanoes, but due to passing over the East Australia hotspot , recent volcanism has occurred during the Holocene , in the Newer Volcanics Province of western Victoria and south-eastern South Australia. Volcanism also occurs in
7605-420: The colonies was achieved after a decade of planning, constitutional conventions and referendums , resulting in the establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia as a nation under the new Australian Constitution . After the 1907 Imperial Conference , Australia and several other self-governing British settler colonies were given the status of self-governing dominions within the British Empire. Australia
7722-475: The continent. In 1770, Captain James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast, which he named " New South Wales " and claimed for Great Britain. Following the loss of its American colonies in 1783, the British Government sent a fleet of ships, the First Fleet , under the command of Captain Arthur Phillip , to establish a new penal colony in New South Wales . A camp was set up and the Union Flag raised at Sydney Cove , Port Jackson , on 26 January 1788,
7839-478: The convict system culminated in its abolition in the eastern colonies by the 1850s. Initially a free colony, Western Australia practised penal transportation from 1850 to 1868. The six colonies individually gained responsible government between 1855 and 1890, thus becoming elective democracies managing most of their own affairs while remaining part of the British Empire . The Colonial Office in London retained control of some matters, notably foreign affairs. In
7956-425: The country's economy. It ranks highly for quality of life, health, education, economic freedom, civil liberties and political rights. Australia is a middle power , and has the world's thirteenth-highest military expenditure . It is a member of international groups including the United Nations; the G20 ; the OECD ; the World Trade Organization ; Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ; the Pacific Islands Forum ;
8073-465: The country, incumbent GWN has remained the market's most-watched station. The second ratings survey of 2006 placed WIN Television with a 34.7% commercial audience share in prime-time, compared to the Golden West Network with 65.3%. Also in 1999, WIN purchased two stations in South Australia: SES-8 in Mount Gambier and RTS-5a in the Riverland region. They became known as WIN SA . In 2002, supplementary licences were granted under Section 38A of
8190-480: The early 1990s, the station was easily integrated into the network. WIN became regional Western Australia's second commercial television network on 26 March 1999 after winning the rights tender in 1997. Prior to the launch of the new station, GWN held a commercial monopoly on the market. GWN became an affiliate of the Seven Network , while WIN took a combination of Nine Network and Network Ten programming. Despite Nine's traditional ratings dominance throughout most of
8307-459: The early 2010s after the 2000s Australian drought . Although most of Australia is semi-arid or desert, the continent includes a diverse range of habitats from alpine heaths to tropical rainforests . Fungi typify that diversity—an estimated 250,000 species—of which only 5% have been described—occur in Australia. Because of the continent's great age, extremely variable weather patterns, and long-term geographic isolation, much of Australia's biota
8424-481: The eastern seaboard. Canberra is the nation's capital, while its most populous cities are Sydney and Melbourne , both with a population of more than 5 million. Australia's culture is diverse, and the country has one of the highest foreign-born populations in the world . It has a highly developed market economy and one of the highest per capita incomes globally . Its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade relations are crucial to
8541-772: The first time when the High Court of Australia held in Mabo v Queensland (No 2) that Australia was neither terra nullius ( ' land belonging to no one ' ) or "desert and uncultivated land" at the time of European settlement. Following the abolition of the last vestiges of the White Australia policy in 1973, Australia's demography and culture transformed as a result of a large and ongoing wave of non-European immigration, mostly from Asia. The late 20th century also saw an increasing focus on foreign policy ties with other Pacific Rim nations. The Australia Acts severed
8658-468: The first week of transmissions, the children's television series The Channel 4 Club was produced, with the children's television programme Stopwatch beginning in 1979. The English-language educational programme You Say the Word began in 1971, catering to non-English-speaking immigrants. The long-running entertainment programme Variety Italian Style premiered in 1974, with Malcom Elliott initially hosting
8775-560: The flagship nightly bulletin, WIN Television has in the past produced current affairs programming, including the community affairs programme Roving Eye , and Sunday Review , a weekly review of international, national, and local stories. WIN also broadcast WIN's All Australian News at 7 a.m. weekdays and weeknights at late nights, which featured highlights from news bulletins from its regional stations that ceased in June 2021 due to Nine's new affiliation agreement with WIN. On most of
8892-412: The heart of the country are the uplands of central Australia . Prominent features of the centre and south include Uluru (also known as Ayers Rock), the famous sandstone monolith, and the inland Simpson , Tirari and Sturt Stony , Gibson , Great Sandy, Tanami , and Great Victoria deserts, with the famous Nullarbor Plain on the southern coast. The Western Australian mulga shrublands lie between
9009-479: The interior deserts and Mediterranean-climate Southwest Australia . Lying on the Indo-Australian Plate , the mainland of Australia is the lowest and most primordial landmass on Earth with a relatively stable geological history. The landmass includes virtually all known rock types and from all geological time periods spanning more than 3.8 billion years of the Earth's history. The Pilbara Craton
9126-417: The island of New Guinea (considered geologically as part of the Australian continent), and in the Australian external territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands . Seismic activity in the Australian mainland and Tasmania is also low, with the greatest number of fatalities having occurred in the 1989 Newcastle earthquake . The climate of Australia is significantly influenced by ocean currents, including
9243-620: The land and the environment, with stories of The Dreaming maintained through oral tradition , songs , dance and paintings. Certain groups engaged in fire-stick farming , fish farming , and built semi-permanent shelters . These practices have variously been characterised as " hunter-gatherer ", " agricultural ", "natural cultivation" and "intensification". Torres Strait Islander people first settled their islands at least 2,500 years ago. Culturally and linguistically distinct from mainland Aboriginal peoples, they were seafarers and obtained their livelihood from seasonal horticulture and
9360-581: The last five years, the opportunities presented by the WIN Network to both extend the reach of Nine's premium content into more regional markets under one agreement and to work cooperatively with them on a national and local news operation mean this is the right time for us to return to WIN". Also for the first time, WIN now broadcasts Nine content under Nine branding. WIN's multi-channels have again been rearranged, with 9Gem on channel 81, 9Go! on channel 82, and 9Life on channel 83, while TVSN and Gold would continue to broadcast on channels 84 and 85, but despite
9477-642: The launch of Sky News on WIN . On 31 October 2018, at 6:30 p.m., during The Project , WIN updated its logo, launching at the same time as the launch of Network 10's new logo. WIN also rebranded its versions of 10's multi-channels, One and Eleven, into WIN Boss (later changed to WIN Bold in December) and WIN Peach . On 29 March 2021, the WIN channel in the Illawarra region was converted to MPEG-4 HD as an experiment for other WIN areas. On 14 May 2021, it
9594-623: The launch of the HD multi-channel GEM (now 9Gem). On 10 February 2016, WIN announced that it would launch its own HD simulcast in the coming months in response to Nine Network relaunching 9HD as its second high-definition channel. WIN HD re-launched on 1 March 2016. Four WIN regions were excluded from the 1 March launch date, although in four regions the launch was delayed: Griffith , Mildura , Eastern South Australia (2 March due to technical issues), and Regional Western Australia (10 March). On 1 July 2016, with WIN's new programme supply agreement,
9711-447: The least fertile soils. It is a megadiverse country , and its size gives it a wide variety of landscapes and climates including deserts in the interior and tropical rainforests along the coast . The ancestors of Aboriginal Australians began arriving from south-east Asia 50,000 to 65,000 years ago, during the last glacial period . By the time of British settlement, Aboriginal Australians spoke 250 distinct languages and had
9828-555: The location for the future federal capital of Canberra . While it was being constructed, Melbourne served as the temporary capital from 1901 to 1927. The Northern Territory was transferred from the control of South Australia to the Commonwealth in 1911. Australia became the colonial ruler of the Territory of Papua (which had initially been annexed by Queensland in 1883) in 1902 and of the Territory of New Guinea (formerly German New Guinea ) in 1920. The two were unified as
9945-448: The mainland. Australia is also one of 17 megadiverse countries. Australian forests are mostly made up of evergreen species, particularly eucalyptus trees in the less arid regions; wattles replace them as the dominant species in drier regions and deserts. Among well-known Australian animals are the monotremes (the platypus and echidna ); a host of marsupials , including the kangaroo , koala , and wombat , and birds such as
10062-474: The mid-19th century, explorers such as Burke and Wills charted Australia's interior. A series of gold rushes beginning in the early 1850s led to an influx of new migrants from China , North America and continental Europe, as well as outbreaks of bushranging and civil unrest; the latter peaked in 1854 when Ballarat miners launched the Eureka Rebellion against gold license fees. The 1860s saw
10179-416: The network independently. On 16 August 2007, WIN Television dropped key Nine Network programmes from its daytime television schedule, including Mornings with Kerri-Anne and National Nine News: Morning Edition . WIN also secured a new programme supply agreement for its regional South Australian station with Nine's rival Seven Network . Announced on 4 September 2007, the new programme schedule included
10296-530: The network with two additional competitors, The Prime Network and Capital Television . In 1990, WIN purchased Queensland station Star TV, with stations in Rockhampton ( RTQ ) and the Darling Downs (DDQ and SDQ), just weeks before aggregation was to occur in regional Queensland. The station had already been set to become a Network 10 affiliate under its previous owners; however, WIN's links with
10413-499: The network's advertising revenue in return for programme supply. WIN's owner, WIN Corporation , rejected this offer, expecting to pay only 29% (a 3% decrease from the previous contract and in line with many of the network's competitors, such as Prime Television and Southern Cross Ten ). The network's owner, Bruce Gordon, subsequently threatened to sever the network's affiliation after negotiations stagnated, stating that his previous position at Paramount Pictures meant he could programme
10530-470: The news division's viability. By 2016, only twelve bulletins were being produced and presented. After Nine launched its new online catch-up video on demand and live streaming service 9Now on 27 January 2016, WIN filed a lawsuit against Nine, claiming that live streaming into regional areas breached their exclusive affiliation agreement. Justice Hammerschlag of the NSW Supreme Court dismissed
10647-602: The next two decades, social and economic reforms, together with the establishment of a Legislative Council and Supreme Court , saw the penal colony transition to a civil society. The indigenous population declined for 150 years following European settlement, mainly due to infectious disease. British colonial authorities did not sign any treaties with Aboriginal groups . As settlement expanded, tens of thousands of Indigenous people and thousands of settlers were killed in frontier conflicts while settlers dispossessed surviving Indigenous peoples of most of their land. In 1803,
10764-498: The oldest living culture in the world. Australia's written history commenced with Dutch exploration of most of the coastline in the 17th-century. British colonisation began in 1788 with the establishment of the penal colony of New South Wales . By the mid-19th century, most of the continent had been explored by European settlers and five additional self-governing British colonies were established, each gaining responsible government by 1890. The colonies federated in 1901, forming
10881-463: The opportunity to initiate a period of growth by acquiring television stations in regional Queensland , Victoria , and Tasmania . In the late 1990s, WIN acquired their South Australian station and developed a new Western Australian station from scratch. These stations were integrated into what is now known as the WIN Network . The WIN Network covers large areas of regional Australia and has
10998-616: The past, it produced current affairs programming, including the community affairs programme Roving Eye , and Sunday Review , a weekly review of international, national, and local stories. It produced a mid-week rugby league wrap panel show in the mid-1990s, while in 1995, WIN Television Queensland produced its own rugby league coverage by televising games featuring the fledgeling North Queensland Cowboys in their maiden ARL Winfield Cup competition season. WIN Television began to introduce digital television soon after it became available to metropolitan areas in January 2001. Under Section 38A of
11115-428: The political systems of the United Kingdom (a fused executive , constitutional monarchy and strong party discipline ) and the United States ( federalism , a written constitution and strong bicameralism with an elected upper house), resulting in a distinct hybrid. Federal government power is partially separated between three groups: Charles III reigns as King of Australia and is represented in Australia by
11232-594: The protection of threatened species. Numerous protected areas have been created under the National Strategy for the Conservation of Australia's Biological Diversity to protect and preserve unique ecosystems; 65 wetlands are listed under the Ramsar Convention , and 16 natural World Heritage Sites have been established. Australia was ranked 21st out of 178 countries in the world on
11349-813: The purchase of stations in Victoria , Queensland , and New South Wales . In 1984, WIN became the first regional television station to transmit stereophonic sound. Close links between WIN Television and the Nine Network ensured the Nine Network affiliation for southern New South Wales when aggregation occurred in March 1989. The changes meant that WIN expanded into the rest of southern New South Wales, launching new stations in Canberra , Orange , Bathurst , Dubbo , and Wagga Wagga , with new buildings and studios built in Orange, Wagga, and Canberra. Aggregation also provided
11466-480: The rate of 6 to 7 centimetres a year. The Australian mainland's continental crust , excluding the thinned margins, has an average thickness of 38 km, with a range in thickness from 24 km to 59 km. Australia's geology can be divided into several main sections, showcasing that the continent grew from west to east: the Archaean cratonic shields found mostly in the west, Proterozoic fold belts in
11583-801: The rate that loss-making stations should make to Nine Network . With just days left, deals were secured for South Australia, Griffith, and Tasmania. However, no deal was secured for the Western Australia joint venture West Digital Television before 1 July, but a deal was later finalised on 2 July 2016, with the relay of Nine content commencing that night. The channel changes reshuffled WIN's LCN listing, with One on LCNs 81 and 86, Eleven on LCN 82, TVSN on LCN 84, and Gold on LCN 85. WIN and WIN HD remained on LCNs 8 and 80. WIN also relocated its SD simulcast from LCN 81 to LCN 88. Negotiations in January 2017 for WIN to acquire Northern New South Wales station NRN in exchange for WIN's Wollongong radio station i98FM with Southern Cross Austereo failed, although
11700-545: The remaining constitutional ties between Australia and the United Kingdom while maintaining the monarch in her independent capacity as Queen of Australia . In a 1999 constitutional referendum , 55% of voters rejected abolishing the monarchy and becoming a republic. Following the September 11 attacks on the United States, Australia joined the United States in fighting the Afghanistan War from 2001 to 2021 and
11817-419: The resources of their reefs and seas. Agriculture also developed on some islands and villages appeared by the 1300s. By the mid-18th century in northern Australia, contact, trade and cross-cultural engagement had been established between local Aboriginal groups and Makassan trepangers , visiting from present-day Indonesia. The Dutch are the first Europeans that recorded sighting and making landfall on
11934-657: The return, the "nine dots" were not reinstated on the network logo. WIN still broadcasts Network Ten content on its northern New South Wales station. On 18 March 2022, WIN Television celebrated 60 years of broadcasting across Wollongong and the Illawarra. On 16 June 2022, WIN Television converted 9Gem and 9Go! to MPEG-4 SD in Tasmania via WIN's Tasmanian station TVT . On 22 March 2023, WIN Television announced that they would be converting all of their remaining MPEG-2 channels to MPEG-4 later that same year. On 22 May 2023, 9Gem
12051-491: The rise of blackbirding , where South Sea Islanders were coerced or abducted into indentured labour, mainly by Queensland colonists. From 1886, Australian colonial governments began removing many Aboriginal children from their families and communities, justified on the grounds of child protection and forced assimilation policies. The Second Boer War (1899–1902) marked the largest overseas deployment of Australia's colonial forces . On 1 January 1901, federation of
12168-412: The short-lived Tonight Show in 1981 before being replaced by John Tingle a year later. To commemorate WIN Television's 21st year of broadcasting, a one-and-a-half-hour retrospective montage special was produced in 1983. WIN Television also co-produced the telemovie Last Chance in 1986 with a Canadian television production company. Spanning close to a decade, the children's television series Goodsports
12285-741: The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus . Surrounded by the Indian and Pacific oceans, Australia is separated from Asia by the Arafura and Timor seas, with the Coral Sea lying off the Queensland coast, and the Tasman Sea lying between Australia and New Zealand. The world's smallest continent and sixth-largest country by total area , Australia—owing to its size and isolation—is often dubbed
12402-475: The subscriber base along with high debts saw the business placed in voluntary administration in February 2011. On 21 April 2007, the board of Sunraysia Television endorsed WIN's revised offer of $ 163 million for Channel Nine Perth , which went through on 8 June 2007. On 30 May 2007, Southern Cross Broadcasting announced its sale of Channel Nine Adelaide to WIN for $ 105 million. In June 2013, WIN offloaded
12519-406: The thylacine. Many of Australia's ecoregions, and the species within those regions, are threatened by human activities and introduced animal, chromistan , fungal and plant species. All these factors have led to Australia's having the highest mammal extinction rate of any country in the world. The federal Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 is the legal framework for
12636-615: Was Australia's warmest recorded year, and the 2019–2020 bushfire season was the country's worst on record . Australia's greenhouse gas emissions per capita are among the highest in the world. Water restrictions are frequently in place in many regions and cities of Australia in response to chronic shortages due to urban population increases and localised drought. Throughout much of the continent, major flooding regularly follows extended periods of drought, flushing out inland river systems, overflowing dams and inundating large inland flood plains, as occurred throughout Eastern Australia in
12753-528: Was converted into an MPEG-4 HD channel in most WIN areas, except Western Australia, and Northern NSW. WIN Television carries the programming of all three commercial television stations in Australia. It is a sole affiliate of the Nine Network in all broadcast areas except for Northern NSW, but it is also an affiliate of the Seven Network in Griffith, New South Wales , and eastern South Australia and
12870-606: Was converted into an MPEG-4 SD channel in most WIN areas, except Tasmania, Western Australia, and Northern NSW. On 19 June 2023, 9Go! was converted into an MPEG-4 SD channel in most WIN areas, except Tasmania, Western Australia, and Northern NSW. In most WIN areas, except Northern NSW and Western Australia, 9Gem was upgraded to an MPEG-4 HD channel on 27 July 2023. In Northern NSW, WIN upgraded 10 Bold and 10 Peach from MPEG-2 to MPEG-4 in November 2023, 10 Bold on 21 November 2023, and 10 Peach on 28 November 2023. On 6 December 2023, 9Go!
12987-413: Was established in 1829, evolving into the largest Australian colony by area, Western Australia . In accordance with population growth, separate colonies were carved from New South Wales: Tasmania in 1825, South Australia in 1836, New Zealand in 1841, Victoria in 1851, and Queensland in 1859. South Australia was founded as a free colony—it never accepted transported convicts. Growing opposition to
13104-637: Was incorporated on 4 October 1955 by a group of local businessmen. Five years later, it was awarded a licence by the Postmaster-General's Department over a number of other groups aligned to Sydney-based stations ATN-7 and TCN-9 to broadcast to the Illawarra and South Coast regions. The new station was to broadcast on the VHF -4 frequency, using the callsign WIN (which stood for Wollongong Illawarra New South Wales ), in line with other Australian call signs . During this period, WIN expanded through
13221-579: Was one of the founding members of the League of Nations in 1920, and the United Nations in 1945. The Statute of Westminster 1931 formally ended the ability of the UK to pass federal laws without Australia's consent. Australia adopted it in 1942, but it was backdated to 1939 to confirm the validity of legislation passed during World War II. The Australian Capital Territory was formed in 1911 as
13338-470: Was popularised by the explorer Matthew Flinders , who said it was "more agreeable to the ear, and an assimilation to the names of the other great portions of the Earth". The first time that Australia appears to have been officially used was in April 1817, when Governor Lachlan Macquarie acknowledged the receipt of Flinders' charts of Australia from Lord Bathurst . In December 1817, Macquarie recommended to
13455-568: Was produced by WIN Television from 1991 to 2000. WIN Television's current Australian programming productions consist of television shows including Fishing Australia and Alive and Cooking . On 17 May 2007, WIN Television announced a new midday programme called Susie ; however, this was subsequently moved to a morning timeslot. It lasted until 2009. WIN Television also broadcasts a range of exclusive overseas and domestically sourced programming, including The Ellen DeGeneres Show and Alive and Cooking ; however, since 2021, WIN has broadcast
13572-897: Was reverted to the MPEG-2 format in SD after viewers complained that they could no longer get the WIN channel on LCN 8. On 12 March 2021, Nine announced it had secured a new programme supply agreement with its original partner, WIN Network, across regional Australia beginning 1 July 2021, in effect dumping Southern Cross Austereo, which was forced to return to relaying third-placed Ten content. The seven-year deal sees WIN pay around 50 percent of broadcast advertising revenue to Nine Entertainment Co., plus advertising time for Nine's properties on WIN's television and radio assets. WIN also integrated advertising sales services for Nine's O&O regional stations, NBN , and NTD . Nine CEO Hugh Marks explained that "while our relationship with Southern Cross has been strong over
13689-504: Was sold in 2012. On 4 June 2009, signalling their continued interest in digital assets, WIN increased to 18.4 per cent their stake in publicly listed company Quickflix , an Australian provider of online DVD rental and subscription movie and television series downloads. In the following years, WIN's share of the business dwindled down to 3.5 per cent as of 2014 as Quickflix continued to raise capital through issuing new shares. In April 2016, Quickflix entered voluntary administration. WIN held
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