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60-630: WCKL (97.9 MHz ) is a non-commercial FM radio station licensed to Chicago, Illinois , featuring a Christian contemporary format via the K-Love network. Owned and operated by Educational Media Foundation (EMF), WCKL serves the Chicago metro area with a transmitter located atop the John Hancock Center . One of the oldest surviving FM stations in Chicago, this station signed on

120-570: A local marketing agreement (LMA) with Cumulus Media in 2014. This LMA was terminated after Cumulus entered into bankruptcy proceedings, prompting Merlin Media to sell the station to EMF, which relaunched the station as part of the K-Love network on March 10, 2018. The classic rock format and "Loop" branding was retained on the second HD subchannel of WKQX . In addition to a standard analog transmission , WCKL broadcasts over four HD subchannels and

180-727: A Who concert that previous weekend, WLUP switched back to a rock format. The first song under the relaunched "Loop" was " Rock and Roll " by Led Zeppelin . Also that month, Jonathon Brandmeier would be released from the station due to the ownership change. In June 1998, WLUP shifted to classic rock and adopted the slogan, "Classic Rock That Really Rocks". During this period, full-time on air personalities included Byrd (now with WDRV Chicago), Steve Downes , Eddie Webb, Pete McMurray, Seaver, Cara Carriveau , Sari, and Mark Zander. In October 2004, Emmis Communications traded three of their stations in Phoenix to Bonneville for WLUP-FM and $ 70 million;

240-497: A format featuring a "blend of pop rock , pop alternative, and adult alternative " music on September 30, 1996. Brandmeier remained the morning man and Dave Fogel was brought in for afternoons. In 1997, Evergreen and Chancellor Media merged. In order to stay under federally mandated ownership limits, Evergreen opted to sell WLUP to Bonneville International in July. On July 21 at 5 a.m., after stunting with all- The Who songs as part of

300-762: A group headed by former Tribune Company executive Randy Michaels . Emmis, who would retain a minority stake in Merlin Media, would grant Merlin a local marketing agreement to operate WKQX and WLUP-FM from July 15 until the sale to Merlin officially closed on September 1. On May 3, 2012, Merlin added a satellite-fed version of the smooth jazz format on WLUP's HD3 subchannel (97.9-HD3). Radio personality and WEBN alum Maxwell Slater "Max" Logan (Benjamin Bornstein), best known for his years as host of The Maxwell Show at WMMS and WNCX in Cleveland, took over as

360-552: A more detailed treatment of this and the above frequency ranges, see Electromagnetic spectrum . Gravitational waves are also described in Hertz. Current observations are conducted in the 30–7000 Hz range by laser interferometers like LIGO , and the nanohertz (1–1000 nHz) range by pulsar timing arrays . Future space-based detectors are planned to fill in the gap, with LISA operating from 0.1–10 mHz (with some sensitivity from 10 μHz to 100 mHz), and DECIGO in

420-409: A new weekday morning show called Barely Today which aired from 4:30–5 a.m. The new morning show was simulcast on WLUP-FM and hosted by Bruce Wolf , who was the former weekday morning traffic/sports anchor for WMAQ. The show would be cancelled five months later due to poor ratings. On June 21, 2011, Emmis announced that it would sell WKQX, sister station WLUP-FM, and New York's WRXP to Merlin Media,

480-501: A period in the early 1980s. Buzz Killman was newsman. On February 6, 1981, Steve Dahl was fired for what WLUP's management and Dahl said was a contract dispute, though Heftel Broadcasting said it was for violating "community standards". Garry Meier left the station as well, to remain Dahl's sidekick. A series of morning men including Matt Bisbee, Mark McEwen , and the team of R.J. Harris and Pat Still tried their hand until Jonathon Brandmeier

540-564: A reunion of ex-WLUP-FM DJs, including Kevin Matthews, current WGN hosts Wendy Snyder and Bill Leff, and broadcast executive Larry Wert, paying tribute to its legacy. The LMA with EMF took effect March 10, 2018 at midnight, at which point the station switched to K-Love. In a last jab at the impending transition to Christian music, WLUP-FM, after spending a majority of their final hour playing songs themed around farewells and/or departures, closed by playing, for their final block of music, " Shout at

600-425: Is AC/DC 's ' Highway to Hell '! On March 9, 2018, Dahl gave listeners a chance to say goodbye to WLUP-FM via a simulcast of his afternoon program on WLS. Dahl also brought back alumni Sky Daniels and Kevin Matthews to help give WLUP-FM a proper send off, while WDRV paid homage to the station with a day long tribute led by Bob Stroud, another WLUP-FM veteran, with guests and surprises. WGN's 'Dave Plier Show' also aired

660-427: Is 1/time (T ). Expressed in base SI units, the unit is the reciprocal second (1/s). In English, "hertz" is also used as the plural form. As an SI unit, Hz can be prefixed ; commonly used multiples are kHz (kilohertz, 10  Hz ), MHz (megahertz, 10  Hz ), GHz (gigahertz, 10  Hz ) and THz (terahertz, 10  Hz ). One hertz (i.e. one per second) simply means "one periodic event occurs per second" (where

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720-494: Is also used to describe the clock speeds at which computers and other electronics are driven. The units are sometimes also used as a representation of the energy of a photon , via the Planck relation E  =  hν , where E is the photon's energy, ν is its frequency, and h is the Planck constant . The hertz is defined as one per second for periodic events. The International Committee for Weights and Measures defined

780-476: Is available online. WCKL-HD2 carries Air1 programming, WCKL-HD3 carries "Boost Radio" Christian hip hop and WCKL-HD4 features Radio Nueva Vida programming. The station was first granted a construction permit on April 7, 1942, with the call sign W83C, licensed to broadcast at 48.3 MHz on the original 42-50 MHz FM broadcast band . The station was owned by Richard W. Hoffman , who also owned WHFC . Its studios and transmitter were initially located at

840-493: Is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI), often described as being equivalent to one event (or cycle ) per second . The hertz is an SI derived unit whose formal expression in terms of SI base units is s , meaning that one hertz is one per second or the reciprocal of one second . It is used only in the case of periodic events. It is named after Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (1857–1894),

900-452: Is usually measured in kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (MHz), or gigahertz (GHz). with the latter known as microwaves . Light is electromagnetic radiation that is even higher in frequency, and has frequencies in the range of tens of terahertz (THz, infrared ) to a few petahertz (PHz, ultraviolet ), with the visible spectrum being 400–790 THz. Electromagnetic radiation with frequencies in the low terahertz range (intermediate between those of

960-524: The M iddle", in reference to the station's position at the middle of the FM dial. The station was also known as "the station with the girls and all that jazz", as it featured all female DJs known as "Den Pals", which included Yvonne Daniels , Danae Alexander, Cody Sweet, Penny Lane, Nancy Plum, Connie Szerszen , known on the air as "Dawn", and Linda Ellerbee , known on the air as "Hush Puppy". WSDM played "pop-oriented jazz and jazz oriented pop". Program director

1020-595: The Medinah Athletic Club building at 505 N. Michigan Avenue, but were moved to the Bankers Building at 105 West Adams by 1945. On November 1, 1943, the station was assigned the WEHS call sign, and it was granted its first license on October 8, 1945. The callsign stood for "Elizabeth Hoffman's Station", named for owner Richard Hoffman's mother. In January 1946, the station received permission from

1080-544: The "P" stood for brother Phil Chess ). Leonard primarily ran the record labels and recording studio while brother Phil was president of the radio company. The WHFC call sign was moved to WEHS on March 3, 1963, while WHFC was assigned the WVON ("The Voice of the Negro") call sign. WHFC aired an R&B format and simulcast WVON 24 hours a day. On March 8, 1965, WHFC's call sign was changed to WSDM, which stood for " S mack D ab in

1140-449: The 0.1–10 Hz range. In computers, most central processing units (CPU) are labeled in terms of their clock rate expressed in megahertz ( MHz ) or gigahertz ( GHz ). This specification refers to the frequency of the CPU's master clock signal . This signal is nominally a square wave , which is an electrical voltage that switches between low and high logic levels at regular intervals. As

1200-495: The 1960s. In 1962, she was let go by WBBR and returned to WOBS. In the mid-1960s, Daniels moved to Chicago to become a host for WYNR before being hired to co-host a night show for WCFL in June 1965. Daniels remained at WCFL until 1967 when she moved to WSDM . With WSDM, she was a part of the station's first all-woman radio team until 1972. The following year, Daniels became the first woman DJ for WLS in 1973. In 1982, Daniels

1260-468: The 1970s. In some usage, the "per second" was omitted, so that "megacycles" (Mc) was used as an abbreviation of "megacycles per second" (that is, megahertz (MHz)). Sound is a traveling longitudinal wave , which is an oscillation of pressure . Humans perceive the frequency of a sound as its pitch . Each musical note corresponds to a particular frequency. An infant's ear is able to perceive frequencies ranging from 20 Hz to 20 000  Hz ;

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1320-564: The Devil " by Mötley Crüe , " The Number of the Beast " by Iron Maiden , and (as Dahl suggested) "Highway to Hell". The first song played on WLUP-FM as K-Love was " Whom Shall I Fear " by Chris Tomlin . EMF's purchase of WCKL-FM was consummated on May 31, 2018. On January 16, 2020, EMF changed the station's call sign to the current WCKL. Around that time, EMF returned the HD Radio subchannels to

1380-468: The FCC to go silent to convert to operation on the new 88-108 MHz FM broadcast band, which the FCC had created on June 27, 1945. On July 31, 1946, the station was reassigned to 100.1 MHz, and then granted a move to 97.9 MHz on September 23, 1947. WEHS was the first commercial radio station to air "storecasts". It broadcast background music for National Tea grocery stores in the Chicago area. When

1440-534: The FM station was assigned the WLUP-FM call sign. WLUP (AM) became a partial simulcast of WLUP-FM, and Steve and Garry moved to the AM station. In 1988, WLUP-AM-FM were sold to the newly formed Evergreen Media. By 1989, the AM station would evolve to mostly talk with a few rock songs mixed in per hour. In the early 1990s, WLUP aired a popular television commercial featuring a fat man dubbed "Joey Bag O' Donuts" dancing. In

1500-466: The K-Love schedule carried by future sister station WJKL (94.3 FM). Cumulus also retained the WLUP-FM call sign, warehousing it on an existing station in Cambridge, Minnesota . Merlin retained the "Loop" intellectual property and transitioned that branding to WKQX-HD2 in a fully automated form. The sale of WLUP-FM also ended the annual "Loopfest", a sponsored event the most recent version of which

1560-555: The WLUP-FM morning host on July 30, 2012. Former personality Zakk Tyler (Dominic Zaccagnini) also returned. On January 3, 2014, Merlin Media announced a local marketing agreement (LMA) with Cumulus Media that would see Cumulus take over operations of WLUP-FM and sister station WIQI as well as inherit Merlin's LMA for WKQX-LP . The deal included an option for Cumulus to purchase the stations from Merlin. The deal saw Merlin relinquish operations of its last remaining radio stations. The deal also sees an expansion of Cumulus' Chicago reach;

1620-483: The air at the time as "Matthew Meier", was an overnight DJ, and was later teamed with Dahl as the morning newsman. Soon thereafter, Meier became Steve's full-time sidekick, and used his real name, Garry Meier. In 1979, Jeff Schwartz became head of sales and Mitch Michaels was hired as afternoon DJ. Michaels became program director shortly thereafter. Sky Daniels was also hired in 1979, and served as disc jockey and music director. Chuck Swirsky provided sports reports for

1680-506: The air on April 7, 1942, as W83C. Throughout the station's early existence, it changed callsigns, formats and owners before relaunching itself on March 14, 1977, as WLUP "97.9 The Loop", a nod to the Chicago Loop . As WLUP, the station aired various formats ranging from classic rock, pop rock, pop alternative, and adult alternative formats. It changed ownership several times before being sold to Merlin Media in 2011 and subsequently entered

1740-737: The air with its Christian worship -formatted Air1 network on WCKL-HD2 and Christian classic hits from K-Love Classics on WCKL-HD3. In late 2020, with the demise of the K-Love Classics format, that network became "K-Love Christmas" for the duration of the holiday season. Following that, WCKL-HD3 debuted "K-Love 2000s", a Christian classic hits variant. In March 2021, WCKL-HD3 adopted the "Boost Radio" Christian pop/hip hop format from KXBS in St. Louis as part of an agreement between that station's owners and EMF, and began simulcasting on translator 97.5 W248BB. Hertz The hertz (symbol: Hz )

1800-476: The average adult human can hear sounds between 20 Hz and 16 000  Hz . The range of ultrasound , infrasound and other physical vibrations such as molecular and atomic vibrations extends from a few femtohertz into the terahertz range and beyond. Electromagnetic radiation is often described by its frequency—the number of oscillations of the perpendicular electric and magnetic fields per second—expressed in hertz. Radio frequency radiation

1860-444: The company already owned and operated news/talk station WLS (890 AM) and classic hits station WLS-FM (94.7 FM). On September 12, 2014, WLUP released morning hosts Maxwell (Benjamin Bornstein) and John Czahor and afternoon host Patrick Capone. On September 15, 2014, a new weekday lineup was announced, with Lyndsey Marie hosting middays, Tim Virgin hosting afternoons, and Pyke hosting evenings. Virgin previously worked at The Loop in

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1920-593: The contract with National ran out in the mid-1950s, WEHS simulcast the foreign language and Black programming of co-owned WHFC for six hours a day, the minimum broadcast time to keep the license. In 1952, WEHS's studios and transmitter were moved to WHFC's studio and transmitter site at 3350 S. Kedzie. L & P Broadcasting Corporation purchased WEHS in February 1963, along with WHFC, for $ 1 million. The Chess family of Chess , Checker and Cadet Records fame owned L & P Broadcasting (the "L" stood for Leonard Chess while

1980-440: The event being counted may be a complete cycle); 100 Hz means "one hundred periodic events occur per second", and so on. The unit may be applied to any periodic event—for example, a clock might be said to tick at 1 Hz , or a human heart might be said to beat at 1.2 Hz . The occurrence rate of aperiodic or stochastic events is expressed in reciprocal second or inverse second (1/s or s ) in general or, in

2040-403: The first person to provide conclusive proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves . For high frequencies, the unit is commonly expressed in multiples : kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (MHz), gigahertz (GHz), terahertz (THz). Some of the unit's most common uses are in the description of periodic waveforms and musical tones , particularly those used in radio - and audio-related applications. It

2100-449: The hertz has become the primary unit of measurement accepted by the general populace to determine the performance of a CPU, many experts have criticized this approach, which they claim is an easily manipulable benchmark . Some processors use multiple clock cycles to perform a single operation, while others can perform multiple operations in a single cycle. For personal computers, CPU clock speeds have ranged from approximately 1 MHz in

2160-413: The highest normally usable radio frequencies and long-wave infrared light) is often called terahertz radiation . Even higher frequencies exist, such as that of X-rays and gamma rays , which can be measured in exahertz (EHz). For historical reasons, the frequencies of light and higher frequency electromagnetic radiation are more commonly specified in terms of their wavelengths or photon energies : for

2220-459: The late 1970s ( Atari , Commodore , Apple computers ) to up to 6 GHz in IBM Power microprocessors . Various computer buses , such as the front-side bus connecting the CPU and northbridge , also operate at various frequencies in the megahertz range. Higher frequencies than the International System of Units provides prefixes for are believed to occur naturally in the frequencies of

2280-482: The mid-1990s. Mornings remained open. On March 30, 2015, Mancow Muller joined WLUP as its new morning show host. WLUP's first ever "Rock Girl", Lorelei Shark, was the official spokesperson and the face of The Loop in the late 1970s and 1980s. In 2005, the Loop Rock Girl was reintroduced, with Erica Gustafson being the new holder of the title. Another prominent Loop Rock Girl prior to the station's 2018 closure

2340-421: The news of the sale, Steve Dahl pointed to WLUP-FM's legacy and heritage, saying: As I look back on my 40 years on the radio in this market, I am reminded almost daily of The Loop's impact not only my career, but also rock and roll history in Chicago, and around the world. They just don't make brave risk-taking local radio stations like that anymore, and that's everybody's loss. I hope the last song they play there

2400-460: The organization also owns translators and lower-power stations in the market. On March 6, Cumulus ended manned operations on WLUP-FM and the entire air staff was dismissed; however, the Mancow show continued via its independent online streaming platform. An automated playlist of music continued until March 10 at midnight, when EMF took control of the frequency from Merlin under a new LMA and assumed

2460-686: The quantum-mechanical vibrations of massive particles, although these are not directly observable and must be inferred through other phenomena. By convention, these are typically not expressed in hertz, but in terms of the equivalent energy, which is proportional to the frequency by the factor of the Planck constant . The CJK Compatibility block in Unicode contains characters for common SI units for frequency. These are intended for compatibility with East Asian character encodings, and not for use in new documents (which would be expected to use Latin letters, e.g. "MHz"). Yvonne Daniels In 1937, Daniels

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2520-564: The rules for capitalisation of a common noun ; i.e., hertz becomes capitalised at the beginning of a sentence and in titles but is otherwise in lower case. The hertz is named after the German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894), who made important scientific contributions to the study of electromagnetism . The name was established by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in 1935. It

2580-409: The second as "the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium -133 atom" and then adds: "It follows that the hyperfine splitting in the ground state of the caesium 133 atom is exactly 9 192 631 770  hertz , ν hfs Cs = 9 192 631 770  Hz ." The dimension of the unit hertz

2640-413: The specific case of radioactivity , in becquerels . Whereas 1 Hz (one per second) specifically refers to one cycle (or periodic event) per second, 1 Bq (also one per second) specifically refers to one radionuclide event per second on average. Even though frequency, angular velocity , angular frequency and radioactivity all have the dimension T , of these only frequency is expressed using

2700-552: The station effective March 5, 1979, for $ 3 million. Lee Abrams was hired as consultant. The rock format was kept in place, but emphasis was put on harder-edged rock. Jesse Bullit was the program director. Steve Dahl , who had been unemployed since WDAI (94.7 FM) went to a disco format in December 1978, began hosting mornings on March 19, 1979. On July 12, 1979, Dahl staged one of the most famous promotions in radio and sports history, Disco Demolition Night . Garry Meier , known over

2760-424: The station's lineup was overhauled, and it shifted towards a hot talk format. Garry Meier moved to middays on WLUP-FM, Brandmeier would move to afternoons, and Kevin Matthews moved to mornings for a time (though Brandmeier would later move back to mornings, and Matthews would move to middays). Danny Bonaduce hosted evenings, Ed Schwartz hosted overnights, and Seka hosted a program Saturday evenings. Liz Wilde

2820-621: The swap was completed in December of that year. While under Emmis ownership WLUP evolved into a mainstream rock format, but in January 2011 it reverted to classic rock. In 2005, Emmis brought back Jonathon Brandmeier to do mornings on The Loop and hired Zakk Tyler to host afternoon drive. Erin Carmen began hosting middays in 2006, remaining with the station until 2009. Brandmeier also exited WLUP in 2009. On January 15, 2007, Chicago's NBC owned-and-operated station , WMAQ-TV (channel 5), began

2880-481: The time span since the original commercial was aired, the footage of the dancing fat man in the commercial has been used by numerous other radio stations across the country and abroad. In September 1992, Steve and Garry returned to mornings on WLUP-FM. In September 1993, the pairing of Steve Dahl and Garry Meier broke up. Shortly thereafter, Dahl moved to AM 1000, which had recently added ESPN sports programming and changed call letters to WMVP. On September 27, 1993,

2940-485: The two Merlin stations. On March 5, 2018, Merlin Media sold WLUP-FM to Educational Media Foundation (EMF) for $ 21.5 million; with the sale, EMF announced it would convert the station to non-commercial educational status. The sale was prompted by Cumulus Media's Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing, in which it was determined that Cumulus would not proceed with the existing LMA or a sale of WLUP-FM from Merlin to Cumulus. The move gives EMF its second full-power outlet in Chicago;

3000-480: The unit hertz. Thus a disc rotating at 60 revolutions per minute (rpm) is said to have an angular velocity of 2 π  rad/s and a frequency of rotation of 1 Hz . The correspondence between a frequency f with the unit hertz and an angular velocity ω with the unit radians per second is The hertz is named after Heinrich Hertz . As with every SI unit named for a person, its symbol starts with an upper case letter (Hz), but when written in full, it follows

3060-414: Was April Rose Haydock, who also served in that role in 2007. In January 2018, as part of Cumulus Media's bankruptcy proceedings, the company requested that a U.S. Bankruptcy Court release the company from several "extremely unprofitable" contracts, including its LMAs with WLUP-FM and WKQX. Cumulus stated that under the agreement, which carries a monthly fee of $ 600,000, the company had lost $ 8.4 million on

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3120-435: Was Mickey Shorr and later Burt Burdeen. In 1968, the station began airing a nighttime progressive rock program called Underground Den on weekends. In early 1971, WSDM began to mix rock music with its light jazz. The station positioned itself as "jazzed up rock". Ownership of the station was transferred to Phil Chess effective October 22, 1971. Phil Chess' son, Terry Chess, was general manager. In 1972, WSDM's transmitter

3180-490: Was adopted by the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) ( Conférence générale des poids et mesures ) in 1960, replacing the previous name for the unit, "cycles per second" (cps), along with its related multiples, primarily "kilocycles per second" (kc/s) and "megacycles per second" (Mc/s), and occasionally "kilomegacycles per second" (kMc/s). The term "cycles per second" was largely replaced by "hertz" by

3240-585: Was born in Jacksonville, Florida , a daughter of singer Billy Daniels . As a teenager, she began working as a singer and a R&B radio host. Daniels attended school at Stanton High School and Tuskegee University . In 1956, Daniels worked for WOBS in Jacksonville, Florida. Daniels later left Florida to begin her Illinois radio career in East St. Louis, Illinois for WBBR at the beginning of

3300-400: Was hired by WVON as a drive time radio host and was moved to the afternoon show in 1984 when WVON was renamed WGCI-AM . She remained at WGCI until 1989 when she became WNUA 's morning host. Daniels died from breast cancer on June 21, 1991, in Chicago , Illinois . In 1991, a part of Dearborn Street Bridge in Chicago was named Yvonne Daniels Way after her death. In 1995, Daniels

3360-481: Was hired in late 1982. Kilman remained as newsman, and Bruce Wolf joined the station as a sports reporter in 1982. Greg Solk became program director in 1983. Dr. Demento was carried on WLUP from 1978 through 2010, just prior to when Dr. Demento ceased over-the-air broadcasting. Steve and Garry returned in 1986 to host afternoons. In late December 1986, Heftel Broadcasting merged with Statewide Broadcasting, owner of WCFL (1000 AM). In April 1987, WCFL became WLUP, and

3420-547: Was hired to host evenings in March 1995, but her show was cancelled by November of the same year. In February 1996, sister station WYNY in New York City simulcasted WLUP for a day as part of a week-long stunt of simulcasting sister stations nationwide before flipping formats to rhythmic adult contemporary as WKTU. In June 1996, WMVP (1000 AM) dropped their sports format and returned to simulcasting WLUP. WLUP switched to

3480-420: Was moved to the John Hancock Center .  Actress Cindy Morgan was a DJ on the station in the 1970s. The call sign was changed to WLUP on March 14, 1977. The station adopted an album-oriented rock (AOR) format and was rebranded as "The Loop", referring to the nickname of Chicago's central business district . Jay Blackburn was Program Director and Tommy O'Toole served as the station's first morning host and

3540-494: Was planned for August 3, 2018 at Hollywood Casino Amphitheatre , with Lynyrd Skynyrd to support their final tour with .38 Special and the Marshall Tucker Band . WLUP-FM informed listeners who bought tickets that the event was canceled immediately after the station announced it the previous February, despite leaving event details on its website while not indicating who may take over the sponsorship. Upon hearing

3600-522: Was the first Loop DJ to sign on the air. The first song O'Toole played on "The Loop" was " Morning Has Broken " by Cat Stevens . The original Loop air staff included Tommy in mornings, William "Captain Billy" Martin in middays, Lester "Les" Tracy in afternoons, and Bob Shannon evenings. Other early Loop DJs included Greg Budell, Ford Colley, Don Davis, and Glory-June Greaif. Heftel Broadcasting Corporation, owned by Hawaiian Congressman Cecil Heftel , purchased

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