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30-518: Wooroloo Prison Farm is an Australian minimum-security prison located in Wooroloo , Western Australia . It was established in 1972 under an arrangement that it would offer some of its amenities to the community of Wooroloo. It was previously the site of a sanatorium . The Wooroloo Sanatorium was officially opened on 1 May 1915, designed by two Western Australian Principal Architects , Hillson Beasley and William Hardwick The complex operated as

60-612: A tuberculosis sanatorium until 1959. From 1960 to 1970, the former sanatorium operated as a geriatric and district hospital. Since 1970, the former sick staff ward has remained in use as the Wooroloo hospital. Since 1970, the site has operated as a minimum-security prison for short-term offenders. Approved prisoners can work under supervision in the local community and are involved in reforestation and environmental programs, training at local businesses and general community projects. The prison's large industries complex produces goods for

90-514: A 100 link chain, 22 yards (66 feet) long, called the Gunter's Chain . Other surveyors chains have been used historically. A longer chain of 100 feet (30.5 m), with a hundred 1 foot (305 mm) links, was devised in the UK in the late 18th century by Jesse Ramsden , though it never supplanted Gunter's chain. Surveyors also sometimes used such a device, and called it the engineer's chain . In

120-512: A 20 m chain, and ±8 mm for a 30 m chain. In India, a revenue chain with 16 links and of length 10 m (33 ft) is used in cadastral surveys . Also in North America, a variant of the chain is used in forestry for traverse surveys . This modern chain is a static cord (thin rope) 50 metres long, marked with a small tag at each metre, and also marked in the first metre every decimetre . When working in dense bush,

150-461: A Dutch map of 1607, and in an English book for surveyors of 1610. In 1593 the English mile was redefined by a statute of Queen Elizabeth I as 5,280 feet, to tie in with agricultural practice . In 1620, the polymath Edmund Gunter developed a method of accurately surveying land using a surveyor's chain 66 feet long with 100 links. The 66-foot unit, which was four perches or rods, took on

180-475: A booking railway station from 1897 to 1965 on the Eastern Railway . Wooroloo currently has the 328 Transperth bus three times weekdays from Midland , with a journey time of approximately 50 minutes; also has two 331 trips during weekdays from Mundaring, with a journey time of approximately 35 minutes. All services are operated by Swan Transit . Chain (length) The chain has been used since

210-475: A chain (10.1 m). In rural areas the roads were wider, up to 10 chains (201.2 m) where a stock route was required. 5 chains (100.6 m) roads were surveyed as major roads or highways between larger towns, 3 chains (60.4 m) roads between smaller localities, and 2 chains (40.2 m) roads were local roads in farming communities. Roads named Three Chain Road etc. persist today. The "Queen's Chain"

240-554: A circumference of 0.1 chain (diameter ≈ 2.1 ft or 64 cm) are still readily available in Canada and the United States. For a rectangular tract, multiplying the number of turns of a chain wheel for each of two adjacent sides and dividing by 1,000 gives the area in acres. In Canada, road allowances were originally 1 chain wide and are now 20 metres. The unit was also used in mapping the United States along train routes in

270-402: A new branch line. Since railways are linear in topology, the "mileage" or "chainage" is sufficient to identify a place uniquely on any given route. Thus, a given bridge location may be indicated as 112 miles and 63 chains (181.51 km) from the origin. In the case of the photograph, the bridge is near Keynsham , which is that distance from London Paddington station . The indication "MLN" after

300-532: A short axe or hatchet is commonly tied to the end of the chain, and thrown through the bush in the direction of the traverse. Another version used extensively in forestry and surveying is the hip-chain : a small box containing a string counter, worn on the hip. The user ties off the spooled string to a stake or tree and the counter tallies distance as the user walks away in a straight line. These instruments are available in both feet and metres . The lyrics of Three Chain Road , by Lee Kernaghan , include

330-528: Is a concept that has long existed in New Zealand, of a strip of public land, usually 20 metres (or one chain in pre-metric measure) wide from the high water mark, that has been set aside for public use along the coast, around many lakes, and along all or part of many rivers. These strips exist in various forms (including road reserves, esplanade reserves, esplanade strips, marginal strips and reserves of various types) but not as extensively and consistently as

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360-511: Is a town on the outer fringe of the Perth metropolitan region , located off Great Eastern Highway in the eastern part of the Shire of Mundaring . At the 2021 census , Wooroloo had a population of 2,613. The name comes from a Noongar word that was first recorded in 1841, with other spellings also used. A timber mill operated by Byfield Brothers commenced operations in the 1880s, and Byfield's Mill

390-429: Is often assumed. The chain also survives as the length of a cricket pitch , being the distance between the stumps. Civil engineers and surveyors use various instruments including chains to measure distance. Other instruments used for measuring distance include tapes and bands. A steel band is also known as a "band chain". In 1620, the polymath Edmund Gunter developed a method of accurately surveying land using

420-471: Is the site of two major prisons in the Western Australian prison system, the minimum-security Wooroloo Prison and the medium-security Acacia Prison . The pool at Wooroloo Prison is open to local residents. The population in 1991 was 761, and in 1996 was 853. The water course and catchment of the same name has its source in the locality. Wooroloo, at 36 miles and 40 chains from Perth, was

450-913: The Southwestern United States , the vara chain also called the Texas chain , of 20 varas (16.9164 m , or 55 + 1 ⁄ 2  ft) was used in surveying Spanish and later Mexican land grants, such as the major Fisher–Miller and Paisano Grants in Texas, several similarly large ones in New Mexico , and over 200 smaller ranchos in California . Metric chains, of lengths 5 m, 10 m, 20 m and 30 m, are widely used in India. Tolerances are ±3 mm for 5 m and 10 m chains, ±5 mm for

480-405: The section (640 acres or 259 hectares), quarter-section (160 acres or 64.7 hectares), and quarter-quarter-section (40 acres or 16.19 hectares). Respectively, these square divisions of land are approximately 80 chains (one mile or 1.6 km), 40 chains (half a mile or 800 m), and 20 chains (a quarter mile or 400 m) on a side. The chain is still used in agriculture: measuring wheels with

510-690: The 1960s the sanatorium was no longer required and the institution became a general hospital for the surrounding district. The facility was subsequently converted into a prison after Corrective Services took over the site in 1972. In 1970, Ray Williams, a Perth businessman, travelled around the world looking for what he considered to be the perfect horse to breed and cross with Australian horses. He decided upon Andalusian horses after seeing them at an equestrian show in London, and subsequently travelled to Jerez de la Frontera , Spain and in September 1971 bought

540-537: The 19th century. Railroads in the United States have long since used decimal fractions of a mile. Some subways such as the New York City Subway and the Washington Metro were designed with and continue with a chaining system using the 100-foot engineer's chain . In the United States, the chain is also used as the measure of the rate of spread of wildfires (chains per hour), both in

570-463: The United Kingdom, the chain is no longer used for practical survey work. However, it is still used on the railways as a location identifier. When railways were designed, the location of features such as bridges and stations was indicated by a cumulative longitudinal "mileage", using miles and chains, from a zero point at the origin or headquarters of the railway, or the originating junction of

600-528: The adoption of the imperial system of units in 1824. In India, "metric chains" of exactly 20 metres (65.62 feet) are used, along with fractions thereof. The UK statute chain is 22 yards, which is 66 feet (20.1168 m). This unit is a statute measure in the United Kingdom, defined in the Weights and Measures Act 1985 . One link is a hundredth part of a chain, which is 7.92 inches (20.1168 cm). The surveyor's chain first appears in an illustration in

630-534: The chain and the link became standard surveyors' units of length and crossed to the colonies. The thirteen states of America were expanding westward and the public land had to be surveyed for a cadastral . In 1784 Thomas Jefferson wrote a report for the Continental Congress proposing the rectangular survey system ; it was adopted with some changes as the Land Ordinance of 1785 on 20 May

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660-722: The chain was mandatory in laying out US townships. A federal law was passed in 1785 (the Public Land Survey Ordinance ) that all official government surveys must be done with a Gunter's (surveyor's) chain. Chains and links are commonly encountered in older metes and bounds legal descriptions. Distances on township plat maps made by the US General Land Office are shown in chains. Under the US Public Land Survey System , parcels of land are often described in terms of

690-546: The early 17th century in England, and was brought by British settlers during the colonial period to other countries around the globe. In the United Kingdom, there were 80 chains to the mile, but until the early nineteenth century the Scottish and Irish customary miles were longer than the statute mile ; consequently a Scots chain was about 74 (imperial) feet, an Irish chain 84 feet. These longer chains became obsolete following

720-523: The following year. In the report, the use of the chain as a unit of measurement was mandated, and the chain was defined. The chain is the unit of linear measurement for the survey of the public lands as prescribed by law. All returns of measurement in the rectangular system are made in the true horizontal distance in links, chains, and miles. The only exceptions to this rule are special requirements for measurement in feet in mineral surveys and townsite surveys. Linear Measurement Area Measurement In

750-549: The mileage is the Engineer's Line Reference describing the route as the Great Western Main Line , which is needed to uniquely determine the bridge, as there may be points at 112 miles 63 chains on other routes. On new railway lines built in the United Kingdom such as High Speed 1 , the position along the alignment is still referred to as "chainage", although the value is now expressed in metres. The use of

780-555: The name the chain. By 1675 it was accepted, and Ogilby wrote: ...a Word or two of Dimensurators or Measuring Instruments, whereof the mosts usual has been the Chain, and the common length for English Measures 4 Poles, as answering indifferently to the Englishs Mile and Acre, 10 such Chains in length making a Furlong, and 10 single square Chains an Acre, so that a square Mile contains 640 square Acres...' From Gunter's system ,

810-618: The predictive National Fire Danger Rating System as well as in after-action reports. The term chain is used by wildland firefighters in day-to-day operations as a unit of distance. In Australia and New Zealand , most building lots in the past were a quarter of an acre, measuring one chain by two and a half chains, and other lots would be multiples or fractions of a chain. The street frontages of many houses in these countries are one chain wide—roads were almost always 1 chain (20.1 m) wide in urban areas, sometimes 1.5 chains (30.2 m) or 2.5 chains (50.3 m). Laneways would be half

840-408: The prison system and for external contracts including prison food , offsetting some of the costs of prisoner management. Prisoners are taught workshop skills and can take part in traineeships to help them find a job when they are released from prison. This article about an Australian prison is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Wooroloo, Western Australia Wooroloo

870-517: The stallion "Bodeguero" and five purebred mares. He then started the first Andalusian stud in Australia at Wooroloo, "Bodeguero Stud", which in 1974 was incorporated into El Caballo Blanco , now El Caballo Resort. Wooroloo contains a community hall, liquor and general store, post office and primary school (1903), and was also home to El Caballo Resort , with a convention centre and 18-hole golf course, as well as horse dressage displays. The town

900-417: Was established as a railway stopping place for the Eastern Railway in 1893, being renamed to Wooroloo in 1897. A school opened on 22 August 1903 with 22 children and one teacher, and a community hall was built with help from residents of nearby Chidlow in 1904; the townsite of Wooroloo was declared in 1913. The Wooroloo Sanatorium for people with tuberculosis and leprosy was built in 1915, but by

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