Misplaced Pages

#272727

82-884: AP Television News is the video division of the Associated Press . It provides many of the world's broadcasters with a round-the-clock continuous feed of news, sports, entertainment and feature video content. Associated Press Television News Ltd. is a UK corporation owned and controlled by the Associated Press. Headquartered in North London , AP Television News was founded in 1994 as Associated Press Television or APTV. They moved to their present headquarters in 1999 when APTV bought out competitor Worldwide Television News (WTN) and hired Roberto FE Soto as their first NYC Bureau Chief. The WTN building and facilities located at 1995 Broadway were deemed more suitable than

164-470: A 60-page report which was submitted to the investigating judge. They re-evaluated two factors that the BEA had found to be of negligible consequence to the crash, the unbalanced weight distribution in the fuel tanks and the loose landing gear. Chauve and Suaud gave detailed calculations, stating that without the retardation caused by the missing undercarriage spacer, the aircraft would have taken off 1684 metres from

246-409: A Parisian court from February to December 2010. Continental Airlines was found criminally responsible for the disaster. It was fined €200,000 ($ 271,628) and ordered to pay Air France €1 million . Taylor was given a 15-month suspended sentence , while Ford, Perrier, Hérubel, and Frantzen were cleared of all charges. The court ruled that the crash resulted from a piece of metal from a Continental jet that

328-459: A closed-circuit system as an analog signal. Broadcast or studio cameras use a single or dual coaxial cable system using serial digital interface (SDI). See List of video connectors for information about physical connectors and related signal standards. Video may be transported over networks and other shared digital communications links using, for instance, MPEG transport stream , SMPTE 2022 and SMPTE 2110 . Digital television broadcasts use

410-461: A full satellite uplink are able to use the local agency bureaux. AP has a department called "AP360" which specialises in providing on site production and transmission facilities either through the AP bureaux infrastructure or at breaking or set-piece news events. APTN managed to get a satellite dish and transmission gear into Banda Aceh , Indonesia , following the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake before

492-428: A hotel in nearby Gonesse two minutes after takeoff. All nine crew and 100 passengers on board were killed, as well as four people in the hotel. Four other people sustained slight injuries. In the wake of the disaster, the entire Concorde fleet was grounded. It returned to service on November 7, 2001, following the implementation of various modifications to the airframe, but to limited commercial success, especially in

574-433: A natively progressive broadcast or recorded signal, the result is the optimum spatial resolution of both the stationary and moving parts of the image. Interlacing was invented as a way to reduce flicker in early mechanical and CRT video displays without increasing the number of complete frames per second . Interlacing retains detail while requiring lower bandwidth compared to progressive scanning. In interlaced video,

656-560: A network of local bureaux by the agencies means that local staff with expert knowledge are on hand to capture footage in places where Western camera crews could be in danger. An example of this is the Kosovo War in Serbia during which most journalists left the country prior to the NATO bombing campaign. In addition, TV reporters who often do not have the budgets or expertise to carry with

738-442: A number is available. Analog video is a video signal represented by one or more analog signals . Analog color video signals include luminance (Y) and chrominance (C). When combined into one channel, as is the case among others with NTSC , PAL , and SECAM , it is called composite video . Analog video may be carried in separate channels, as in two-channel S-Video (YC) and multi-channel component video formats. Analog video

820-438: A particular refresh rate, display resolution , and color space . Many analog and digital recording formats are in use, and digital video clips can also be stored on a computer file system as files, which have their own formats. In addition to the physical format used by the data storage device or transmission medium, the stream of ones and zeros that is sent must be in a particular digital video coding format , for which

902-512: A ratio between width and height. The ratio of width to height for a traditional television screen is 4:3, or about 1.33:1. High-definition televisions use an aspect ratio of 16:9, or about 1.78:1. The aspect ratio of a full 35 mm film frame with soundtrack (also known as the Academy ratio ) is 1.375:1. Pixels on computer monitors are usually square, but pixels used in digital video often have non-square aspect ratios, such as those used in

SECTION 10

#1732772780273

984-404: A sequence of miniature photographic images visible to the eye when the film is physically examined. Video, by contrast, encodes images electronically, turning the images into analog or digital electronic signals for transmission or recording. Video technology was first developed for mechanical television systems, which were quickly replaced by cathode-ray tube (CRT) television systems. Video

1066-591: A variety of media, including radio broadcasts , magnetic tape , optical discs , computer files , and network streaming . The word video comes from the Latin video (I see). Video developed from facsimile systems developed in the mid-19th century. Early mechanical video scanners, such as the Nipkow disk , were patented as early as 1884, however, it took several decades before practical video systems could be developed, many decades after film . Film records using

1148-476: Is also made available from its extensive film and video archives, which date back to 1895. It includes the film and video archives of onetime AP rival UPI 's longtime newsfilm service United Press International Television News , which was the original agency that became WTN. AP Video is based in North London (in a former gin warehouse on the Regent's Canal called "The Interchange" because its original function

1230-500: Is an electronic medium for the recording, copying , playback, broadcasting , and display of moving visual media . Video was first developed for mechanical television systems, which were quickly replaced by cathode-ray tube (CRT) systems, which, in turn, were replaced by flat-panel displays of several types. Video systems vary in display resolution , aspect ratio , refresh rate , color capabilities, and other qualities. Analog and digital variants exist and can be carried on

1312-456: Is in rough chronological order. All formats listed were sold to and used by broadcasters, video producers, or consumers; or were important historically. Digital video tape recorders offered improved quality compared to analog recorders. Optical storage mediums offered an alternative, especially in consumer applications, to bulky tape formats. A video codec is software or hardware that compresses and decompresses digital video . In

1394-455: Is less sensitive to details in color than brightness, the luminance data for all pixels is maintained, while the chrominance data is averaged for a number of pixels in a block, and the same value is used for all of them. For example, this results in a 50% reduction in chrominance data using 2-pixel blocks (4:2:2) or 75% using 4-pixel blocks (4:2:0). This process does not reduce the number of possible color values that can be displayed, but it reduces

1476-517: Is often described as 576i50 , where 576 indicates the total number of horizontal scan lines, i indicates interlacing, and 50 indicates 50 fields (half-frames) per second. When displaying a natively interlaced signal on a progressive scan device, the overall spatial resolution is degraded by simple line doubling —artifacts, such as flickering or "comb" effects in moving parts of the image that appear unless special signal processing eliminates them. A procedure known as deinterlacing can optimize

1558-527: Is reduced by registering differences between parts of a single frame; this task is known as intraframe compression and is closely related to image compression . Likewise, temporal redundancy can be reduced by registering differences between frames; this task is known as interframe compression , including motion compensation and other techniques. The most common modern compression standards are MPEG-2 , used for DVD , Blu-ray, and satellite television , and MPEG-4 , used for AVCHD , mobile phones (3GP), and

1640-422: Is shot at a slower frame rate of 24 frames per second, which slightly complicates the process of transferring a cinematic motion picture to video. The minimum frame rate to achieve a comfortable illusion of a moving image is about sixteen frames per second. Video can be interlaced or progressive . In progressive scan systems, each refresh period updates all scan lines in each frame in sequence. When displaying

1722-418: Is that decompressed video has lower quality than the original, uncompressed video because there is insufficient information to accurately reconstruct the original video. Air France Flight 4590 On 25 July 2000, Air France Flight 4590 , a Concorde passenger jet on an international charter flight from Paris to New York , crashed shortly after takeoff, killing all 109 people on board and four on

SECTION 20

#1732772780273

1804-509: Is used in NTSC television, YUV is used in PAL television, YDbDr is used by SECAM television, and YCbCr is used for digital video. The number of distinct colors a pixel can represent depends on the color depth expressed in the number of bits per pixel. A common way to reduce the amount of data required in digital video is by chroma subsampling (e.g., 4:4:4, 4:2:2, etc.). Because the human eye

1886-440: Is used in both consumer and professional television production applications. Digital video signal formats have been adopted, including serial digital interface (SDI), Digital Visual Interface (DVI), High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) and DisplayPort Interface. Video can be transmitted or transported in a variety of ways including wireless terrestrial television as an analog or digital signal, coaxial cable in

1968-538: The 2012 Summer Olympics . The British Save Concorde Group, SCG, and French group Olympus 593 were attempting to obtain four Rolls-Royce Olympus engines from the Le Bourget Air and Space Museum . In March 2005, French authorities began a criminal investigation of Continental Airlines, whose plane dropped the debris on the runway, and in September of the same year, Henri Perrier, the former chief engineer of

2050-503: The MPEG-2 and other video coding formats and include: Analog television broadcast standards include: An analog video format consists of more information than the visible content of the frame. Preceding and following the image are lines and pixels containing metadata and synchronization information. This surrounding margin is known as a blanking interval or blanking region ; the horizontal and vertical front porch and back porch are

2132-556: The consumer market . Digital video is capable of higher quality and, eventually, a much lower cost than earlier analog technology. After the commercial introduction of the DVD in 1997 and later the Blu-ray Disc in 2006, sales of videotape and recording equipment plummeted. Advances in computer technology allow even inexpensive personal computers and smartphones to capture, store, edit, and transmit digital video, further reducing

2214-632: The wake of the September 11 attacks . Concorde aircraft were finally retired by Air France in May 2003 and by British Airways in November of the same year. The aircraft involved was a 25-year-old Aérospatiale-BAC Concorde (registration F-BTSC, serial number 203). It was powered by four Rolls-Royce Olympus 593/610 turbojet engines, each of which was equipped with reheat . The aircraft's last scheduled repair had taken place on 21 July 2000, four days before

2296-584: The AP. As of 2023, the APTN abbreviation is not officially used, but many broadcasters still refer to the organisation as APTN. AP distributes video to its client broadcasters around the world, mostly by satellite and streaming. Many major broadcasters and networks rely heavily upon The AP for major breaking news from around the world. The company also provides specialised broadcast services to clients, via its AP360 operation, such as editing, crewing or satellite feeds from news and sports events. Historical footage

2378-668: The APTN video feed by local terrestrial circuits, known as "local ends," via the BT Tower .) Video news agencies such as AP, and its main competitors AFP TV and Reuters Video News, typically do not produce programmes that TV owners could watch. Rather, they provide footage of an event with only natural sound and very loose editing. However, AP does also produce a range of entertainment and special interest programmes that are provided as white-label products for client use. Agency customers, who are local and national TV stations, documentary producers, cable television news channels, and

2460-581: The Air France Concorde nonetheless proved to be the beginning of the end for the type. Just before service resumed, the September 11 attacks took place, resulting in a marked drop in passenger numbers, and contributing to the eventual end of Concorde flights. Air France stopped flights in May 2003 , followed by British Airways five months later. In June 2010, two groups attempted, unsuccessfully, to revive Concorde for "Heritage" flights in time for

2542-779: The American National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) sent a letter of concern to the French BEA that included safety recommendations for Concorde . This communiqué was the result of the NTSB's investigations of four Air France Concorde incidents during a 20-month period from July 1979 to February 1981 . The NTSB described those incidents as "potentially catastrophic", because they were caused by blown tyres during takeoff. During its 27 years in service, Concorde had about 70 tyre- or wheel-related incidents, seven of which caused serious damage to

Associated Press Television News - Misplaced Pages Continue

2624-497: The Concorde departed, Continental Airlines Flight 55, a McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 , took off from the same runway for Newark International Airport and lost a titanium alloy strip that was part of the engine cowl, identified as a wear strip about 435 millimetres (17.1 in) long, 29 to 34 millimetres (1.1 to 1.3 in) wide, and 1.4 millimetres (0.055 in) thick. The DC-10 was not seriously affected by this. At 16:42,

2706-459: The Concorde division at Aérospatiale at the time of the first test flight in 1969 and the programme director in the 1980s and early 1990s, was placed under formal investigation. In March 2008, Bernard Farret, a deputy prosecutor in Pontoise , outside Paris, asked judges to bring manslaughter charges against Continental Airlines and two of its employees – John Taylor, the mechanic who replaced

2788-595: The Concorde is returning to runway zero nine in the opposite direction." Pilot : "No time, no (unclear)." Co-pilot : "Negative, we're trying Le Bourget" (four switching sounds). Co-pilot : "No (unclear)." Fire service leader : "De Gaulle tower from fire service leader, can you give me the situation of the Concorde?" (two gongs and sound of switch, followed by another switch and sounds likened to objects being moved) Pilot : (unclear, sounds like exertion) Pilot : (unclear, sounds like exertion) Pilot : (unclear, sounds like exertion) End of recording The flight

2870-431: The Concorde ran over this piece of debris during its take-off run while the aircraft was at a speed of 185 mph (300 km/h), cutting the right-front tyre (tyre No 2) of its left main wheel bogie and sending a large chunk of tyre debris (4.5 kilograms or 9.9 pounds) into the underside of the left wing at an estimated speed of 140 metres per second (270 kn; 500 km/h; 310 mph). It did not directly puncture any of

2952-468: The Internet. Stereoscopic video for 3D film and other applications can be displayed using several different methods: Different layers of video transmission and storage each provide their own set of formats to choose from. For transmission, there is a physical connector and signal protocol (see List of video connectors ). A given physical link can carry certain display standards that specify

3034-493: The PAL and NTSC variants of the CCIR 601 digital video standard and the corresponding anamorphic widescreen formats. The 720 by 480 pixel raster uses thin pixels on a 4:3 aspect ratio display and fat pixels on a 16:9 display. The popularity of viewing video on mobile phones has led to the growth of vertical video . Mary Meeker , a partner at Silicon Valley venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers , highlighted

3116-458: The accident; no problems were reported during the repair. At the time of the crash, the aircraft had flown for 11,989 hours and had made 4,873 take-off and landing cycles. The cockpit crew consisted of the following: The wind at the airport was light and variable that day, and was reported to the cockpit crew as an eight-knot (15 km/h; 9 mph) tailwind as they lined up on runway 26R. At 16:38 CEST (14:38 UTC ), five minutes before

3198-478: The agencies, and on rare occasions footage shot by the public (such as the famous footage of the 2000 crash of an Air France Concorde outside Paris and the hijacked Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 , which ditched off the Comoro Islands in 1996) Footage shot with broadcast-quality cameras is preferred, but quality can sometimes come second to content or immediacy for an exclusive story. The maintenance of

3280-461: The aircraft or were potentially catastrophic. Because it is a tailless delta-wing aircraft, Concorde could not use the normal flaps or slats to assist takeoff and landing, and required a significantly higher air and tyre speed during the takeoff roll than an average airliner. That higher speed increased the risk of tyre burst during takeoff. Analysis of test results revealed that this occurring could release sufficient kinetic energy to cause

3362-472: The aircraft's manifest, giving the aircraft a weight of 186 tonnes, which exceeded the aircraft's certified maximum structural weight by one tonne. A change in wind conditions created an 8 knot tailwind, which would have reduced the regulated takeoff weight to 180 tonnes, six tonnes below the actual aircraft weight. Rather than to take off from the other end of the runway to take off into the wind, no change in takeoff direction occurred. The additional weight of

Associated Press Television News - Misplaced Pages Continue

3444-450: The building blocks of the blanking interval. Computer display standards specify a combination of aspect ratio, display size, display resolution, color depth, and refresh rate. A list of common resolutions is available. Early television was almost exclusively a live medium, with some programs recorded to film for historical purposes using Kinescope . The analog video tape recorder was commercially introduced in 1951. The following list

3526-534: The burning plane on takeoff and the aftermath of the crash was captured by a passing driver. The crew tried to divert to nearby Paris–Le Bourget Airport , but accident investigators stated that a safe landing would have been highly unlikely, given the aircraft's flightpath. The cockpit voice recorder (CVR) recorded the last intelligible words in the cockpit (translated into English): Co-pilot : "Le Bourget, Le Bourget, Le Bourget." Pilot : "Too late (unclear)." Control tower : "Fire service leader, correction,

3608-558: The centre of gravity was aft of the take-off limit. Fuel transfer during taxiing left the number 5 wing tank 94 per cent full. A 30-centimetre (12 in) spacer normally keeps the left main landing gear in alignment, but it had not been replaced after recent maintenance; the BEA concluded that this did not contribute to the accident. The final report was issued on 16 January 2002. The BEA concluded that: Former British Airways Concorde captain John Hutchinson said

3690-427: The command of the captain. According to Mike Bannister, former British Airways Concorde Chief Pilot, there is evidence to suggest that the fuel tank transfer pump that fed the ruptured fuel tank, was left running, causing fuel to be pumped overboard and subsequently feeding the fire, and that the fuel tank was approximately 30% full at the time of crash rather than empty, if the pump had been off. In November 1981,

3772-438: The context of video compression, codec is a portmanteau of encoder and decoder , while a device that only compresses is typically called an encoder , and one that only decompresses is a decoder . The compressed data format usually conforms to a standard video coding format . The compression is typically lossy , meaning that the compressed video lacks some information present in the original video. A consequence of this

3854-417: The cost of video production and allowing programmers and broadcasters to move to tapeless production . The advent of digital broadcasting and the subsequent digital television transition are in the process of relegating analog video to the status of a legacy technology in most parts of the world. The development of high-resolution video cameras with improved dynamic range and color gamuts , along with

3936-537: The crash of Air France Flight 4590 at Paris, the British Airways Concorde operation made a net average profit of about £30M (equivalent to £52M in 2023) a year. Commercial service was resumed on November 7, 2001, after a £17M (£29M today) safety improvement programme, until the type was retired between May (Air France) and October (British Airways), 2003. This was the only fatal accident of Concorde's entire service life. The official investigation

4018-409: The crash, all Air France Concordes were grounded, pending an investigation into the cause of the crash and possible remedies. Air France's Concorde operation had been a money-losing venture, and it is claimed that the aeroplane had been kept in service as a matter of national pride; British Airways claimed to make a profit on its Concorde operations. According to Jock Lowe, a Concorde pilot, until

4100-509: The display of an interlaced video signal from an analog, DVD, or satellite source on a progressive scan device such as an LCD television , digital video projector , or plasma panel. Deinterlacing cannot, however, produce video quality that is equivalent to true progressive scan source material. Aspect ratio describes the proportional relationship between the width and height of video screens and video picture elements. All popular video formats are rectangular , and this can be described by

4182-474: The existing AP headquarters and Soto redesigned the newsroom, where APTN NY stayed until AP moved their operations to W 33 street in New York City , and later to 200 Liberty Street in New York City in 2017, where they remain. Since its rebranding in 2005, the APTN name and logo was dropped in favour of "AP Television News", featuring the red AP logo of the Associated Press to emphasise its connection to

SECTION 50

#1732772780273

4264-447: The extra fuel in tank 11, the rearmost tank, plus the additional luggage shifted the aircraft's centre of gravity rearwards, to beyond the safe operating limit of 54 per cent, set by the Concorde test pilots. Once the damaged forward tank 5 began to lose fuel, the centre of gravity moved even further rearward. At one point, it drifted toward a just-landed Air France Boeing 747 that was carrying then-French President Jacques Chirac (who

4346-472: The families of the victims, Continental could be made to pay its share of that compensation payout. The French appeals court, while overturning the criminal rulings by the Parisian court, affirmed the civil ruling and left Continental liable for the compensation claims. A monument in honour of the crash victims was established at Gonesse . The Gonesse monument consists of a piece of transparent glass with

4428-445: The fields one at a time, rather than dividing up a complete frame after it is captured, the frame rate for motion is effectively doubled as well, resulting in smoother, more lifelike reproduction of rapidly moving parts of the image when viewed on an interlaced CRT display. NTSC, PAL, and SECAM are interlaced formats. Abbreviated video resolution specifications often include an i to indicate interlacing. For example, PAL video format

4510-424: The fire on its own should have been 'eminently survivable; the pilot should have been able to fly his way out of trouble'. Hutchinson believed this did not happen due to a series of operational errors and 'negligence' by the maintenance department. According to a report in a British newspaper, by journalist David Rose, the crash had "more than one contributing factor, most of which were avoidable." While examining

4592-414: The first practical video tape recorders (VTR). In 1951, the first VTR captured live images from television cameras by writing the camera's electrical signal onto magnetic videotape . Video recorders were sold for $ 50,000 in 1956, and videotapes cost US$ 300 per one-hour reel. However, prices gradually dropped over the years; in 1971, Sony began selling videocassette recorder (VCR) decks and tapes into

4674-463: The fuel tank to rupture. The analysis of impact energy considered a tyre piece of 4.5 kilograms (9.9 lb) with a speed around 140 metres per second (310 mph). The piece could reach this speed by combination of rotation of the tyre on takeoff and the tyre burst. The accident led to modifications to Concorde, including more-secure electrical controls, Kevlar lining to the fuel tanks, and specially developed burst-resistant tyres. The crash of

4756-543: The fuel tanks, but it sent out a pressure shockwave that ruptured the number 5 fuel tank at its weakest point, just ahead of the left landing gear well. Leaking fuel gushing out from the bottom of the wing was most likely ignited either by an electric arc in the landing gear bay (debris cutting the landing gear wire) or through contact with hot parts of the engine. Engines 1 and 2 both surged and lost all power, likely due to ingestion of hot gases (both engines) and tyre debris (engine 1 only), and then engine 1 slowly recovered over

4838-415: The ground. It was the only fatal Concorde accident during its 27-year operational history. Whilst taking off from Charles de Gaulle Airport , Air France Flight 4590 ran over debris on the runway dropped by an aircraft during the preceding departure, causing a tyre to explode and disintegrate. Tyre fragments, launched upwards at great speed by the rapidly spinning wheel, violently struck the underside of

4920-466: The growth of vertical video viewing in her 2015 Internet Trends Report – growing from 5% of video viewing in 2010 to 29% in 2015. Vertical video ads like Snapchat 's are watched in their entirety nine times more frequently than landscape video ads. The color model uses the video color representation and maps encoded color values to visible colors reproduced by the system. There are several such representations in common use: typically, YIQ

5002-432: The horizontal scan lines of each complete frame are treated as if numbered consecutively and captured as two fields : an odd field (upper field) consisting of the odd-numbered lines and an even field (lower field) consisting of the even-numbered lines. Analog display devices reproduce each frame, effectively doubling the frame rate as far as perceptible overall flicker is concerned. When the image capture device acquires

SECTION 60

#1732772780273

5084-754: The introduction of high-dynamic-range digital intermediate data formats with improved color depth , has caused digital video technology to converge with film technology. Since 2013, the use of digital cameras in Hollywood has surpassed the use of film cameras. Frame rate , the number of still pictures per unit of time of video, ranges from six or eight frames per second ( frame/s ) for old mechanical cameras to 120 or more frames per second for new professional cameras. PAL standards (Europe, Asia, Australia, etc.) and SECAM (France, Russia, parts of Africa, etc.) specify 25 frame/s, while NTSC standards (United States, Canada, Japan, etc.) specify 29.97 frame/s. Film

5166-654: The like, edit the agency footage to suit their style, and add their own graphics and voice-overs before transmission. The premise for a video news agency is simple: very few TV stations devote enough money to newsgathering to put hundreds of thousands of dollars' worth of camera, editing, and satellite transmission equipment everywhere that news might happen. Video news agencies provide rapid response coverage and international reach for those TV stations. The agency obtains footage from their own camera crews, arrangements with local TV broadcasters to redistribute their material, material shot by freelancers who sell their footage to

5248-431: The next few seconds. A large plume of flame developed, and the flight engineer shut down engine 2 in response to a fire warning and the captain's command. Air traffic controller Gilles Logelin noticed the flames before the Concorde was airborne and informed the flight crew. However, the aircraft had passed V 1 speed , at which point takeoff is considered unsafe to abort. The plane did not gain enough airspeed with

5330-639: The number of distinct points at which the color changes. Video quality can be measured with formal metrics like peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) or through subjective video quality assessment using expert observation. Many subjective video quality methods are described in the ITU-T recommendation BT.500 . One of the standardized methods is the Double Stimulus Impairment Scale (DSIS). In DSIS, each expert views an unimpaired reference video, followed by an impaired version of

5412-453: The region was closed to air traffic. This became just about the only live video feed point available for the world's media, and was used extensively by network reporters for transmitting their recorded reports, or going "live" on air into their news and bulletins. Wherever viewers see the same footage on more than one news station, the chances are that it came either from or via a video news agency. There has been little published research into

5494-497: The right wing lifted from the asymmetrical thrust, banking the aircraft to over 100 degrees. The crew reduced the power on engines three and four in an attempt to level the aircraft, but they lost control due to deceleration and the aircraft stalled . The aircraft struck the ground left wing low after a heading change of nearly 180°, crashing into the Hôtelissimo Les Relais Bleus Hotel. A video of

5576-415: The runway by the left rear landing wheels show the Concorde was veering to the left as it accelerated toward takeoff. Photographs in the BEA report showed a smashed steel landing light, clipped by the aircraft, parts of which were probably ingested by engine number 1. According to Rose, former French Concorde pilot Jean-Marie Chauve and former Concorde flight engineer Michel Suaud spent six months preparing

5658-460: The same time, charges were laid against Henri Perrier, head of the Concorde program at Aérospatiale; Jacques Hérubel, Concorde's chief engineer; and Claude Frantzen, head of DGAC , the French airline regulator. It was alleged that Perrier, Hérubel, and Frantzen knew that the plane's fuel tanks could be susceptible to damage from foreign objects, but nonetheless allowed it to fly. The trial ran in

5740-436: The same video. The expert then rates the impaired video using a scale ranging from "impairments are imperceptible" to "impairments are very annoying." Uncompressed video delivers maximum quality, but at a very high data rate . A variety of methods are used to compress video streams, with the most effective ones using a group of pictures (GOP) to reduce spatial and temporal redundancy . Broadly speaking, spatial redundancy

5822-411: The start of the runway, before the point where the metal strip was located, although the BEA disputed this, saying the acceleration was normal. At the start of the takeoff, the aircraft had 1.2 tonnes of extra fuel which should have been burnt during the aircraft's taxi. Nineteen items of luggage, weighing some 500kg (0.5 tonnes) were loaded onto the aircraft at the last minute without being included in

5904-416: The three remaining engines as damage to the landing gear bay door prevented the retraction of the undercarriage. The aircraft was unable to climb or accelerate, and its speed decayed during the course of its brief flight. The fire damaged the inner elevon of the left wing and it began to disintegrate, melted by the extremely high temperatures. Engine number 1 surged again, but did not fully recover, and

5986-572: The wear strip on the DC-10, and his manager Stanley Ford – alleging negligence in the way the repair was carried out. Continental denied the charges, and claimed in court that it was being used as a scapegoat by the BEA . The airline suggested that the Concorde "was already on fire when its wheels hit the titanium strip, and that around 20 first-hand witnesses had confirmed that the plane seemed to be on fire immediately after it began its take-off roll". At

6068-441: The wing, damaging parts of the landing gear – thus preventing its retraction – and causing the integral fuel tank to rupture. Large amounts of fuel leaking from the rupture ignited, causing a loss of thrust in the left-hand-side engines 1 and 2. The aircraft lifted off, but the loss of thrust, high drag from the extended landing gear, and fire damage to the flight controls made it impossible to maintain control. The jet crashed into

6150-660: The work of television news agencies apart from a 2011 book which argues that through their agenda-setting role, they are an important, but mostly hidden, force shaping the global conversation about politics and international affairs. APTN's corporate services division produces and distributes video news releases (VNRs) , video-form press release designed for use on broadcast television, for businesses' public relations campaigns. APTN offers this service despite concern among journalists about some news broadcasters relying on VNR material for their news budgets instead of broadcasting their own original reporting. Video Video

6232-425: The wreckage in a warehouse, investigators noticed that a spacer was missing from the bogie beam on the left-hand main landing gear. (It was later found in an Air France maintenance workshop.) This skewed the alignment of the landing gear because a strut was able to wobble in any direction with 3° of movement. The problem was exacerbated on the left gear's three remaining tyres by the uneven fuel load. Drag marks left on

6314-538: Was chartered by German company Peter Deilmann Cruises . The passengers were on their way to board the cruise ship MS Deutschland in New York for a 16-day cruise to Manta, Ecuador . They included German football manager Rudi Faßnacht and German trade union board member Christian Götz . All the passengers and crew, and four employees of the Hotelissimo hotel were killed in the crash. A few days after

6396-511: Was conducted by France's accident investigation bureau, the Bureau of Enquiry and Analysis for Civil Aviation Safety (BEA) and led by chief investigator Alain Bouillard . Post-accident investigation revealed that the aircraft was over the maximum takeoff weight for ambient temperature and other conditions, and 810 kg (1,790 lb) over the maximum structural weight, loaded so that

6478-442: Was left on the runway; the object punctured a tyre on the Concorde and then ruptured a fuel tank. The convictions were overturned by a French appeals court in November 2012, thereby clearing Continental (which had merged with United Airlines by then) and Taylor of criminal responsibility. The Parisian court also ruled that Continental would have to pay 70% of any compensation claims. As Air France had paid out €100 million to

6560-407: Was originally exclusively live technology. Live video cameras used an electron beam, which would scan a photoconductive plate with the desired image and produce a voltage signal proportional to the brightness in each part of the image. The signal could then be sent to televisions, where another beam would receive and display the image. Charles Ginsburg led an Ampex research team to develop one of

6642-476: Was returning from the 26th G8 summit meeting in Okinawa, Japan ). As the plane was about to leave the tarmac, with the aircraft rotated for takeoff, its speed was only 188 knots, 11 knots under the minimum recommended velocity. The flight engineer shut down engine number two at only 25 feet altitude. The procedure for shutting down an engine is to wait until stable flight at 400 feet is achieved, and then only on

6724-457: Was to interchange freight between the canal and rail systems) with bureaus in 85 cities and 79 nations, including New York City , Washington D.C. , Paris , Rome and Moscow ; as well as current-event regions such as Iraq and Afghanistan . It uses fibre-optic and satellite-based distribution networks to relay video footage to TV networks and newsrooms . (Broadcasters based in London receive

#272727