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75-598: Sambo is a combat sport , and a recognized style of amateur wrestling governed by the UWW in the World Wrestling Championships along with Graeco-Roman wrestling and freestyle wrestling . Practiced worldwide, sambo is a martial art with Soviet origins. Many of its moves have been incorporated in other forms of combat sport such as mixed martial arts . It originated in the Russian SFSR of

150-530: A cultural universal . Boxing contests date back to ancient Sumer in the 3rd millennium BCE and ancient Egypt circa 1350 BCE. The ancient Olympic Games included several combat-related sports: armored foot races , boxing, wrestling, and pankration , which was introduced in the Olympic Games of 648 BCE. In ancient China , combat sport appeared in the form of lei tai . It was a no-holds barred combat sport that combined boxing and wrestling. There

225-842: A standing or flying wristbar . The chief distinction from Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ), apart from striking techniques, is that combat sambo rules and regulations do not permit a one-sided resort to ground fighting without throws or other combative manoeuvres (i.e., by simply sitting down and continuing from the ground without touching his opponent that BJJ allows). In terms of aliveness , combat sambo surpasses ARB by design, though both were designed for combat situations only. Competitors wear jackets as in sport sambo, but also hand protection and sometimes shin protection and headgear . The first FIAS World Combat Sambo Championships were held in 2001. The World Combat Sambo Federation, based in Russia, also sanctions international combat sambo events. Combat sambo

300-630: A badge of office, may accompany or replace medical uniforms. Uniforms are required for students in many schools in different countries. School uniforms vary from a standard issue T-shirt to rigorous requirements for many items of formal wear at private schools. School uniforms are in place in many public schools as well. Countries where mandatory school uniforms are common include Japan , South Korea , Hong Kong , Thailand , India , Australia , UAE , Singapore , Albania , Philippines , some schools in Taiwan , New Zealand , South Africa , Indonesia and

375-771: A combative investigator for Dynamo, he travelled to Mongolia and China to observe their native fighting styles. In 1923, Oschepkov and Spiridinov collaborated (independently) with a team of other experts on a grant from the Soviet government to improve the Red Army's hand-to-hand combat system. Spiridonov had envisioned integrating the most practical aspects of the world's fighting systems into one comprehensive style that could adapt to any threat. Oschepkov had observed Kano Jigoro's distillation of Tenjin Shinyo Ryu , Kito Ryu and Fusen-ryū jujutsu into judo , and he had developed

450-618: A cooperative agreement. While this does not place sambo back on UWW's recognized list, it does move towards unity and prevents future 'turf wars' regarding the sport's promotion. A similar agreement was signed by FIAS and the International Judo Federation in 2014 as well. Both FIAS and the World Combat Sambo Federation host international combat sambo competition. The American Sambo Association has continued to host freestyle sambo tournaments in

525-463: A few diplomatic services, and are seldom worn. Members of the police in every country have a uniform for identification as law-enforcement personnel or agents. They are distinguished from the public by the uniform the police wear during overt policing activity. Usually each country has its own different police uniform. Contrast plainclothes law enforcement and undercover operations . Most, if not all, sports teams also wear uniforms, made in

600-540: A glove and headguard in maximising the impact energy attenuation. A study conducted by Lystad showed that combat sports with little to no protective gear such as MMA or boxing has an injury incidence rate range of 85.1–280.7 per 1000 athletes in comparison to another striking combat sport like Taekwondo which has a large amount of protective gear such as pads, headgear, mouth guard and gloves, has an injury incidence rate range of 19.1–138.8 per 1000 athletes. This means that injury rates are drastically lowered when protective gear

675-561: A light color, but as of the 2017–18 season allows home teams to wear any uniform color, mandating only that away teams wear a color that sufficiently contrasts with the home team's choice. These rules are not strictly enforced, however, for any of the four major professional sports leagues in North America. Some NFL teams, most notably the Dallas Cowboys , prefer to wear their white jerseys for home games. When Joe Gibbs

750-487: A mouthguard and must wear suitable gloves. The lack of protective clothing makes competitors vulnerable to concussions and further traumatic head injuries. A scientific experiment, conducted in 2015 by Dr Andrew McIntosh of ACRISP at the Federation University of Australia, tested the impact of seven different head guards in combat sport. The results of the experiment revealed the benefits of the combination of

825-705: A national Sambo competition at Kellogg Arena in Battle Creek, Michigan , on July 13. 1995 AAU Grand National edition hosted a national Sambo competition in Tulsa, Oklahoma . The 1999 AAU Grand National Wrestling Championships also offered Sambo to competitors on June 30 at Metra in Billings, Montana . The 2002 AAU Grand National Wrestling Championships saw Sambo competition on June 19 at Hirsch Coliseum in Shreveport, Louisiana . USA Wrestling has added Sambo as

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900-660: A result of political complications of the 1980 Olympic boycott which arose after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan , Sambo was at first reduced to a demonstration sport at the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, USSR . But later, because of the sport's strong association with the Soviet Union, it was removed from demonstration sport status. It is true that youth sambo was demonstrated in the Games' opening ceremonies; however, sambo

975-655: A sambo 'Master of Sport' in Russia include FIAS, FKE, and the International Combat Sambo Federation. Other nations have governing bodies that award 'Masters of Sport' as well, including the American Sambo Association in the United States. Sambo World Cup and Supercup have been contested since 1969, initially held by FILA, and since 1985 by FIAS. United States National Sambo Championships known initially as

1050-644: A second dan in the sport. This led to him developing the SAMBO self-defence techniques which were developed and utilised by the Soviet Red Army and intelligence services. Oshchepkov, despite his important legacy, ultimately died in prison aged just 45 as a result of the Stalinist political purges of 1937 after accusations of being a Japanese spy. He was posthumously "rehabilitated" and cleared of wrongdoing in 1957. Viktor Spiridonov and Anatoly Kharlampiev,

1125-444: A second. Employees all wearing black, for example, may appear conspicuous and thus represent the organization even though their attire is uniform only in the color of their clothing, not in its features. Pratt & Rafaeli, (1997) described struggles between employees and management about organizational dress as struggles about deeper meanings and identities that dress represents. And Pratt & Rafaeli (2001) described dress as one of

1200-479: A standard corporate image ; it also has important effects on the employees required to wear uniforms. The term uniform may be misleading because employees are not always fully uniform in appearance and may not always wear attire provided by the organization, while still representing the organization in their attire. Academic work on organizational dress by Rafaeli & Pratt (1993) referred to uniformity (homogeneity) of dress as one dimension, and conspicuousness as

1275-459: A student of Oshchepkov, are also considered pioneers of SAMBO. Spiridonov and Oshchepkov independently developed two different styles, which eventually cross-pollinated and became what is known as SAMBO. Sambo is relatively modern since its development began in the early 1920s by the Red Army and other forces to improve hand-to-hand combat abilities of their servicemen. It was intended to merge

1350-1322: A style since the 2007 U.S. National Wrestling Championships in Las Vegas, Nevada. Fedor Emilianenko Although sambo is a Russian acronym , exponents of the sport in the English-speaking world have faced problems concerning the linguistically unrelated racist term . Sambo representatives have opted to use the alternative spelling Sombo to avoid offence. FIAS references the sport with its acronym spelling: SAMBO. Combat sport Some combat sports (and their national origin) include boxing (Greek-British), Brazilian jiu-jitsu (Japanese-Brazilian), catch wrestling (British-American), jujutsu (Japanese), judo (Japanese), freestyle wrestling (British-American), Greco-Roman wrestling (French), karate (Chinese-Okinawan-Japanese), kickboxing (numerous origins, mainly Southeast Asian), Lethwei (Burmese), mixed martial arts (numerous origins), Muay Thai (Thai), sambo (Soviet/Russian), sanda (Chinese), savate (French), taekwondo (Korean), Vale Tudo (Brazilian), pankration (Ancient Greek), luta livre (Brazilian), and folk wrestling (various). Traditional styles of wrestling exist in most cultures; wrestling can be considered

1425-535: Is UFC. Combat sports are generally more popular among men as athletes and spectators. For many years, participation in combat sports was practically exclusive to men; USA Boxing had a ban on women's boxing until 1993. A study conducted by Greenwell, Hancock, Simmons, and Thorn in 2015 revealed that combat sports had a largely male audience. The techniques used can be categorized into three domains: striking , grappling , and weapon usage , with some hybrid rule-sets combining striking and grappling. In combat sports

1500-478: Is any uniform worn by individuals incarcerated in a prison , jail or similar facility of detention . The beauticians use uniforms to protect their skin from harmful chemicals and acid. These chemical resistant and water proof uniforms are not only safe to work in but also provide a professional, polished appearance throughout the day. The Scout uniform is a specific characteristic of the Scouting movement, in

1575-603: Is credited as one of the founding fathers. Born into a family of exiles in 1893, Oshchepkov also played a key role in introducing judo into the Soviet Union. An intelligence officer during both Tsarist and Soviet periods, he was educated in Japan and later returned there to work in the 1920s. He studied at the Kodokan Judo Institute in Tokyo, founded by Jigoro Kano, and eventually became the first Russian to receive

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1650-418: Is designed to tackle certain tasks. The effectiveness of this martial art determined by its structure, namely by three components: boxing, sambo, and adapters. Adapters of combat sambo were developed by the academician G. S. Popov. The task of adapters is to ensure the safe transition from middle distance to close one, as well as the consistent usage of sambo and boxing techniques. The given configuration provides

1725-552: Is evidence of similar combat sports in ancient Egypt, India and Japan . Through the Middle Ages and Renaissance , the tournament was popular. Tournaments were competitions that featured several mock combat events, with jousting as a main event. While the tournament was popular among aristocrats , combat sports were practiced by all levels of society. The German school of late medieval martial arts distinguished sportive combat ( schimpf ) from serious combat ( ernst ). In

1800-421: Is known as sambo. Compared to Oshchepkov's system, called "free wrestling" in Russia, Spiridonov's style was softer and less brutal. It was also less strength-dependent, which in large part was due to injuries Spiridonov sustained during World War I . Anatoly Kharlampiev , a student of Vasili Oshchepkov , is also considered a founder of sambo. On 16th of November 1938, it was recognized as an official sport when

1875-647: Is light. In the four major North American sports leagues , one of the two uniforms is almost always predominantly white, and each league except for the National Basketball Association (NBA) has a rule to determine which team should normally wear its white uniform. Customarily, National Football League (NFL) and National Hockey League (NHL) teams wear their color uniforms for home games. By contrast, Major League Baseball (MLB) teams wear their white uniforms for home games. The NBA traditionally required home teams to wear white, or at least

1950-530: Is often called the "father of sambo". This may be more legend than fact, since only he had the longevity and political connections to remain with the art while the new system was named "sambo". However, Kharlampiyev's political manoeuvring is single-handedly responsible for the USSR Committee of Sport's accepting sambo as the official combat sport of the Soviet Union in 1938 – decidedly the "birth" of sambo. So, more accurately, Kharlampiyev could be considered

2025-743: Is open and scalable in nature, Systema is very effective in many situations and against many fighting styles. This is also why the special units, the spetsnaz, are trained in Systema. There are two major streams of Systema; one more "flexible", the other more "hard" Sambo's early development stemmed from the independent efforts of Vasili Oshchepkov and Viktor Spiridonov to integrate the techniques of Catch wrestling , Judo , Jujutsu , and other foreign martial arts into native Turkic wrestling styles , Armenian kokh, Romanian trântă, Mongolian khapsagay and Georgian chidaoba ( ru:Чидаоба , ka:ქართული ჭიდაობა ). Oschepkov taught judo to elite Red Army forces at

2100-517: Is stylistically similar to old-time judo , and in a lot of ways influenced by it, but with some differences in rules, protocol, and uniform . Sambo allows various types of leg locks like old Judo before the ban of the Ashi Garami techniques, while not allowing chokeholds . It also focuses on throwing, groundwork, and submissions, with very few restrictions on gripping and holds. Sambo is an international style of amateur wrestling recognized by

2175-1161: Is the case of the Commissioned Corps of the United States Public Health Service or the French prefects . For some organizations, such as police, it may be illegal for non-members to wear the uniform. From the Latin unus (meaning one), and forma (meaning form). Workers sometimes wear uniforms or corporate clothing of one nature or another. Workers required to wear a uniform may include retail workers, bank and post-office workers, public-security and health-care workers, blue-collar employees, personal trainers in health clubs, instructors in summer camps , lifeguards , janitors , public-transit employees, towing - and truck -drivers, airline employees and holiday operators, and bar , restaurant and hotel employees. The use of uniforms in commercial or public-service organizations often reflects an effort in branding and in developing

2250-469: Is used. Gear includes: Uniform A Uniform is a variety of costume worn by members of an organization while usually participating in that organization's activity. Modern uniforms are most often worn by armed forces and paramilitary organizations such as police , emergency services , security guards , in some workplaces and schools , and by inmates in prisons . In some countries, some other officials also wear uniforms in their duties; such

2325-788: The German Renaissance , sportive combat competitions were known as Fechtschulen , corresponding to the Prize Playing in Tudor England . Out of these Prize Playing events developed the English boxing (or prizefighting ) of the 18th century, which evolved into modern boxing with the introduction of the Marquess of Queensberry rules in 1867. Amateur boxing has been part of the modern Olympic Games since their introduction in 1904. Professional boxing became popular in

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2400-747: The National AAU Sambo Wrestling Championships are the annual championships held in the United States. American enthusiasts of martial arts took up Sambo shortly before it was contested at the 1973 World Wrestling Championships and was rapidly making its way to become an Olympic sport in 1980. The national Sambo competition also was held along with Graeco-Roman and Freestyle events at the 1987 and 1988 AAU/USA Grand National Wrestling Championships on July 1, 1987, and July 6, 1988, respectively, both held at Market Square Arena in Indianapolis, Indiana . The next year it

2475-536: The United Kingdom , among many other places. In some countries, uniform types vary from school to school, in the United Kingdom, many pupils between 11 and 16 of age wear a blazer , tie and trousers for boys and blouse , tie and trousers , skirt , or culottes for girls. The ties tend to have a set pattern or a logo embroidered representing the school, and jackets will usually carry a badge on

2550-592: The leadership of N. I. Podvoyskiy to train the Red Army. The task of developing and organizing Red Army military hand-to-hand combat training fell to K. Voroshilov , who in turn, created the NKVD physical training centre, Dynamo Sports Society . Spiridonov was a combat veteran of World War I and one of the first wrestling and self-defence instructors hired for Dynamo. His background included Free wrestling (i.e. Catch wrestling ), Graeco-Roman wrestling , many Turkic folk wrestling styles , and Japanese jujutsu . As

2625-483: The 1980s and 1990s. Modern MMA developed out of the interconnected subcultures of Vale Tudo and shoot wrestling . It was introduced in Japan in the form of Shooto in 1985, and in the United States as Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) in 1993. The Unified Rules of Mixed Martial Arts were introduced in 2000, and the sport experienced peak popularity in the 2000s. During this period, multiple brands and promotions were established. The most well-known promotion for MMA

2700-553: The Central Red Army House. Vasili Oschepkov was one of the first foreigners to learn Judo in Japan and had earned his Nidan (second-degree black belt , out of then five) from judo 's founder, Kano Jigoro . Spiridonov's background involved indigenous martial arts from various Soviet regions as well as an interest in Japanese jujutsu (though he never formally trained it). His reliance on movement over strength

2775-492: The FILA (now UWW) Congress in 1966. Combat sambo ( Russian : Боевое Самбо , romanized :  Boyevoye Sambo ). Used and developed for the military, combat sambo resembles modern mixed martial arts , including forms of striking and grappling . Combat sambo allows regular punches, kicks, elbows, and knees, as well as soccer kicks , headbutts and groin strikes, in addition to throws, holds, chokes and locks, except for

2850-440: The Games. Nevertheless, Jerry Matsumoto, Head of the U.S. Sambo Association, saw in 1990 Sambo becoming an Olympic sport, at least at the demonstration level, within the next eight years. In 1968, FILA accepted sambo as the third style of international wrestling . In 1985, the sambo community formed its own organization, Federation International Amateur Sambo (FIAS) . In 1993, FIAS split into two organizations, both of which used

2925-560: The IOC. This close relationship is reestablishing the global popularity and media emphasis on sambo. Similar to wrestling, a sambo practitioner normally wears either a red or a blue competition outfit. The kurtka ( Russian : куртка ), also called a sambovka ( Russian : самбовка ), similar to the keikogi in style and function, although it is tighter fitting and has epaulettes and belt loops. as well as shoulder straps, wrestling-style shorts, and special protective shoes called Bortsovki and match

3000-795: The Olympic roster, there are rumours that sambo is highly unlikely to ever make it to the Olympics. However, sambo has been included in the 27th Annual Summer Universiade for the first time in history. FIAS submitted an application to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to consider sambo for the 2020 Games and has devoted 2010–2013 to creating a sambo commission in the International Sports Press Association (AIPS). As of 30 November 2018, sambo has indeed received temporary recognition by

3075-563: The Soviet Union during the 1920s. The word sambo is an acronym of sam ozashchita b ez o ruzhiya ( Russian : сам озащита б ез о ружия ), which literally translates to 'self-defence without weapons'. SAMBO is a martial art and combat sport developed and used by the Soviet Red Army in the early 1920s to improve their hand-to-hand combat abilities. The sport is somewhat similar in many ways to judo and jiu-jitsu but also incorporates different types of wrestling and various self-defence systems. Soviet martial arts expert Vasili Oshchepkov

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3150-557: The US and Canada since 2004. These events are unrecognized by UWW. Rumours rising in 2012 stating that sambo will be included as a demonstration sport in the 2016 Olympics are therefore not supported by any facts, and thus sambo is still a very long way from maturing into an Olympic sport, notwithstanding the effort that is being put into the matter. Indeed, given the intention of the Olympic Committee to remove classic wrestling from

3225-498: The USSR All-Union Sports Committee issued resolution no. 633. There are multiple competitive sport variations of sambo (though sambo techniques and principles can be applied to many other combat sports). Below are the main formats that are recognized by FIAS. Sport sambo or Sambo wrestling ( Russian : Борьбa Самбо , romanized :  Borba Sambo , lit.   'Sambo Wrestling')

3300-566: The United States in the 1920s and experienced a "golden age" after World War II . Professional wrestling was once competitive catch wrestling , a legitimate combat sport in the late 19th and early 20th century, however it has since evolved into athletic theater. The creation of Brazilian jiu-Jitsu is attributed to the Gracie family of Brazil in 1925 after Asian martial arts were introduced to Brazil. Vale-tudo , wrestling, Muay Thai kickboxing and luta livre gained popularity. Modern Muay Thai

3375-486: The attacker's aggression against them, which is similar to what is done in both Jiu-Jitsu and Aikido. Spiridonov's influence is strong in this style of Sambo. This type of Sambo was made for the Argentinian Army during the military dictatorship. It is similar to special sambo in terms of origin and uses. This type of Sambo was made for Army Special Forces and other rapid response forces. It is only designed for

3450-605: The breast pocket with the school's name, coat of arms , and motto or emblem . Children in many British state primary schools will have a uniform jumper and/or polo shirt with the school name and logo. Some universities in the DPRK require students to wear uniforms. From about 1800 to after the Second World War, diplomats from most countries (and often senior non-military officials generally) wore official uniforms at public occasions. Such uniforms are now retained by only

3525-404: The canvas floor protection from a hard fall. In sports such as Taekwondo, competitors are permitted to wear a trunk protector, head guard, gloves, groin guard and shin and forearm pads. Professional boxing and MMA are two of the most dangerous combat sports in the world due to the lack of protective gear worn (compared to the protected fists). Competitors in these two sports have the option to wear

3600-464: The case of antiques , often outlast the fabric components of the uniform, and become highly collectable items. Nowadays, buttons come in different materials, shapes sizes and colors. In some countries or regions such as the UK , Australia or Hong Kong , the cost of cleaning one's uniform or work clothing can be partially deducted or rebated from the personal income tax , if the organization for which

3675-544: The father of "sport" sambo. Spiridonov was the first to begin referring to the new system with a name similar to 'sambo'. He eventually developed a softer style called Samoz that could be used by smaller, weaker practitioners or even wounded soldiers and secret agents . Spiridonov's inspiration to develop 'Samoz' stemmed from his World War I bayonet injury, which greatly restricted his left arm and thus his ability to practise wrestling. Refined versions of sambo are still used today or fused with specific sambo applications to meet

3750-724: The form of standardised and distinctive dress, intended for identification and display, are typically a sign of organised military forces equipped by a central authority. Most military forces have developed several different uniform types. Military personnel in most armed forces and some civilian officials may wear some or all of the following: combat uniform , service dress , dress uniform , full dress uniform , mess dress . Uniforms can distinguish various categories of staff in medical institutions: doctors, surgeons, nurses, ancillary staff and volunteers. Traditional female nurses' uniforms resemble uniforms ( habits ) worn by religious orders . Equipment - notably stethoscopes - worn like

3825-609: The fusion of two martial arts into a single system. Women participated in Combat Sambo for the first time in an official tournament in the Paris Grand Prix 2015. The first recognized instance of women competing in an international combat Sambo tournament was in the 2022 Asian and Oceania Sambo Championships. In 2022, Australia and New Zealand competed for the first time in the Asian sambo championship. This type of Sambo

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3900-469: The growth of sambo before the success of several sambo fighters increased its popularity a decade later. In 2005, FILA reached an agreement with FIAS "West" and re-assumed sanctioning over sport sambo. However, in 2008, FILA again discontinued sanctioning sambo and sambo is now notably missing from the UWW website. At present, only FIAS sanctions international competition in sport sambo. In 2014 FIAS and FILA signed

3975-417: The insight required to evaluate and integrate combative techniques into a new system. Their developments were supplemented by Anatoly Kharlampiyev and I. V. Vasiliev who also travelled the globe to study the native fighting arts of the world. Ten years in the making, their catalogue of techniques was instrumental in formulating the early framework of the art to be eventually referred to as sambo. Kharlampiyev

4050-439: The larger set of symbols and artifacts in organizations, which coalesce into a communication grammar . Military uniform is the standardised costume worn by members of the armed forces and paramilitaries of various nations. Military dress and military styles have gone through great changes over the centuries from colourful and elaborate to utilitarian camouflage uniforms for field and battle purposes. Military uniforms in

4125-729: The most effective techniques of other martial arts. The pioneers of sambo were Viktor Spiridonov and Vasili Oshchepkov . Oshchepkov spent several years living in Japan and training in Judo under its founder Kano Jigoro . Oshchepkov died in prison as a result of the Great Purge after being accused of being a Japanese spy, and judo was banned in the USSR for decades until the 1964 Olympics , where Sambists won four bronze medals . Spiridonov and Oshchepkov independently developed two different styles, which eventually cross-pollinated and became what

4200-439: The needs of Russian commandos. After being recognized by FILA (known since September 2014 as United World Wrestling) in 1968, by the U.S. National Amateur Athletic Union in 1972, and after being included to the programme of the 1973 World Wrestling Championships along with Graeco-Roman and Freestyle wrestling (which are indeed Olympic sports,) Sambo was rapidly making its way to become an Olympic sport . The first World Cup

4275-402: The other red, the same as traditional Sambo. Matches are held on a traditional wrestling mat, not in a cage or ring like normal MMA fights. Techniques from all martial arts are used to defeat an opponent by knock out, submission or point victory. This kind of Sambo is about defending oneself. In it, practitioners are taught to guard against weapons. Most of the moves that are taught include using

4350-456: The particular group that uses it. In that sense, it's similar to sambo combat, which is also designed for a specific purpose. Sambo beach, as the name suggests, is held on soft beaches or strips of sand. Systema (or System) is also known as "Combat Sambo Spetsnaz". This Russian martial art is the evolutionary form of Spiridonov's Samoz. Systema falls into the category of military Sambo. The evolution of Spiridonov's Samoz and Ochtchepkov's Sambo

4425-401: The same name and logo, and the two groups were often referred to as FIAS "East" (under Russian control) and FIAS "West" (under US and Western European control). This split mirrored the last days of Cold War politics of the time as well as the recent break-up of the Soviet Union. In the U.S., disagreements between the sport's organizers and the rise of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu in the 1990s slowed down

4500-685: The schedule of the upcoming 1983 U.S. Olympic Festival and the 1983 Pan American Games (the 1983 Pan American event in Caracas became the first and subsequently the last edition of Sambo at the Pan Am Games.) In 1979 the National AAU Sambo Committee established several annual awards to honour outstanding persons in the sport of Sambo wrestling. By the 1980s it has been included to Pan American Games , National Sports Festival and AAU Junior Olympics programme. But as

4575-402: The team's distinctive colors. In individual sports like tennis and golf, players may choose any clothing design allowed by the competition rules. To prevent the confusion (for officials, players, and fans) that might result from two opposing teams wearing uniforms (kits) with similar colors, teams have different variations for " home " and " away " games, where typically one is dark and the other

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4650-597: The uniform's colour. The sambo uniform does not reflect rank or competitive rating. Sport rules require an athlete to have both red and blue sets to visually distinguish competitors on the mat. Also similar to the wrestling ranking system used in Russia, a competitive rating system is used (rather than the belt colour ranking system used in judo and gendai jujutsu ). Various sport organizations distribute these ranks for high levels of competition achievement or in some cases coaching merits. People who have earned these ranks are known as 'Masters of Sport.' Institutions that grant

4725-407: The use of these various techniques are highly regulated to minimize permanent or severe physical damage to each participant though means of organized officiating by a single or multiple referees that can distribute penalties or interrupt the actions of the competitors during the competition. In weapon based sports, the weapons used are made to be non-lethal by means of modifying the striking portions of

4800-495: The weapon and requiring participants to wear protective clothing/armor. In combat sports, victory is obtained from blows, punches or attacks to the head to a point of physical injury that the opponent is unable to continue. Different forms of combat sport have different rules and regulations into the equipment competitors have to wear. In Amateur boxing seen at the Olympics, competitors are permitted to wear head guards and correctly weighted padded gloves, mouth guards are optional and

4875-403: The words of Baden-Powell at the 1937 World Jamboree, "it covers the differences of country and race and make all feel that they are members one with another of one World Brotherhood". The original uniform, which has created a familiar image in the public eye, consisted of a khaki button-up shirt , shorts and a broad-brimmed campaign hat . Baden-Powell himself wore shorts since being dressed like

4950-402: The youth contributed to reducing perceived "distance" between the adult and the young person. Nowadays, uniforms are frequently blue, orange, red, or green, and shorts are replaced by long pants in areas where the culture calls for modesty, and in winter weather. The campaign hats have also been dropped in some Scouting organisations. Some uniforms have specially- manufactured buttons, which, in

5025-670: Was carefully dissected and considered for its merits, and if found acceptable in unarmed combat, refined to reach sambo's ultimate goal: to stop an armed or unarmed adversary in the least time possible. Thus, many techniques from jujutsu , judo , and other martial systems joined with the indigenous fighting styles to form the sambo repertoire. When the techniques were perfected, they were woven into sambo applications for personal self-defence, police , crowd control , border guards , secret police , dignitary protection , psychiatric hospital staff, military , and commandos . In 1918, Lenin created Vsevobuch (General Military Training ) under

5100-539: Was contested at the 1989 AAU/Carrier Grand National Wrestling Championships on July 5 at Metra in Billings, Montana . 1990 AAU Grand National Wrestling Championships also hosted a national Sambo competition at Market Square Arena in Indianapolis, Indiana , on July 10. 1992 AAU Grand National edition hosted a national Sambo competition in July in Amarillo, Texas . 1994 AAU Grand National Wrestling Championships also hosted

5175-599: Was contested in 1969. Don Curtis , a member of the U.S. Olympic Wrestling Committee, had predicted in 1975, that the Russians would introduce Sambo wrestling in the 1980 Olympics programme in Moscow. In 1975 the first United States National Sambo Championships were held in Mesa, Arizona , in 1977. It was contested along with G.R. and Freestyle at the first Pan American Wrestling Championships in Mexico City , and included in

5250-573: Was developed in the 1920s to 1930s. Sambo was introduced in the Soviet Union . Modern Taekwondo also emerged after the Japanese occupation of Korea and became an Olympic sport in 2000. Sanshou as part of modern wushu was developed in the People's Republic of China since the 1950s. Kickboxing and full contact karate were developed in the 1960s and became popular in Japan and the West during

5325-714: Was in part because during World War I, he received a bayonet wound which would leave his left arm lame. Both Oschepkov and Spiridonov independently hoped that Soviet military hand-to-hand combat techniques could be improved with an infusion of the techniques distilled from other foreign martial arts. Contrary to common lore, Oschepkov and Spiridonov did not cooperate on the development of their hand-to-hand systems. Rather, their independent notions of hand-to-hand combat merged through cross-training between students and formulating efforts by their students and military staff . While Oschepkov and Spiridonov did have occasion to collaborate, their efforts were not completely united. Each technique

5400-537: Was introduced by the American Sambo Association in 2004. Its purpose was to encourage non-Sambo practitioners such as Judo and Jiu-Jitsu to participate in Sambo. Freestyle Sambo allows the use of chokeholds and other submission techniques that are not used in Sambo wrestling. This was developed in 2003 as a form of Sambo without competing in the traditional uniform of Kurtka (jacket), shorts and boots. Competitors just wear fight shorts and gloves. One competitor wears blue and

5475-503: Was maintained in parallel by the NKVD which itself became the KGB. It is out of the official path of the evolution of Military and Sports Sambo that Systema was created, even if the latter is based on similar bases to Sambo. The Systema design has been designed to be highly adaptable and practical. It uses breathing exercises, "drills" and "sparring" exercises to replace traditional kata. Because it

5550-467: Was never formally recognized as a demonstration sport. This common error in history books is noted in several sources including From SAMOZ to SAMBO by Anatoly Makovetskii and Lukashev's History of Hand-to-Hand Combat in the First Half of the 20th Century: Founders and Authors . Furthermore, the official documents of the 1980 Olympic Organizing Committee do not mention sambo as a participating sport in

5625-550: Was the head coach of the Washington Redskins — first from 1981 to 1992, and again from 2004 to 2007 — the Redskins exclusively wore white jerseys at home games. In the United Kingdom , especially in football , the terms "kit" or "strip" (as in ' football kit ') are more common (instead of uniform). Domestic workers are often required by their employers-managers to wear a uniform. A prison uniform

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