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118-519: The WCS incorporated in 2012, by which time it had grown to include two weeks of activities, chief of which are a parade and championship held in Nagoya , Aichi , Japan , on Saturday and Sunday of the first weekend of August. Other related events are held in the Kanto, Kansai, and Tokai regions. Competitors are drawn from partnering anime/manga events held in the respective countries and regions. The summit

236-411: A Japanese study of 137,734 people found that 42.2% self-identify as a type of otaku. This study suggests that the stigma of the word has vanished, and the term has been embraced by many. Marie Kondo told ForbesWomen in 2020: "I credit being an otaku with helping me to focus deeply, which definitely contributed to my success." In the late 1990s, otaku was a popular subculture among Generation Xers in

354-554: A Kickstarter campaign was held to support the event in Japan and its partner organizations around the world. The campaign raised over 11,000,000 yen. In 2021, Colombia , Latvia , and Ukraine joined WCS and Saudi Arabia participated as an observer. However, due to COVID-19 restrictions on gatherings and travel, a number of countries/regions were unable to send teams, including Colombia, Latvia, Austria, China, South Korea, Trinidad and Tobago, UAE, Portugal, Denmark, and Myanmar.This brought

472-416: A city on 1 September 1956, by government ordinance . Nagoya became an industrial hub for the region. Its economic sphere included the famous pottery towns of Tokoname , Tajimi and Seto , as well as Okazaki , one of the only places where gunpowder was produced under the shogunate . Other industries included cotton and complex mechanical dolls called karakuri ningyō . Mitsubishi Aircraft Company

590-425: A location, such as Akiba-kei ("Akihabara-style"), which applies to those familiar with Akihabara's culture. Miyadai describes two big subtypes of the otaku type, a world type and a battle royale type. There is a chronological development from the world type of the late 1990s to the battle royale type of the 2000s but they also coexisted. The antagonism between the world type and the battle royale type emerged in

708-546: A manga and anime adaptation, is Welcome to the N.H.K. , which focuses on otaku subcultures and highlights other social outcasts, such as hikikomori and NEETs . Works that focus on otaku characters include WataMote , the story of an unattractive and unsociable otome gamer otaku who exhibits delusions about her social status; and No More Heroes , a video game about an otaku assassin named Travis Touchdown and his surrealistic adventures inspired by anime and manga. Media about otaku also exist outside of Japan, such as

826-572: A manufacturer of aircraft. It is the first airliner designed and produced in Japan since the NAMC YS-11 of the 1960s. The MRJ's first flight was on November 11, 2015. Japanese pottery and porcelain has a long tradition due to suitable clay being available in Owari Province . Before and during the Edo period there were two main kilns in the region: Seto and Tokoname . In Nagoya Castle

944-415: A medium for unpopular students, catering to obsessed fans. After these fans discovered Comic Market, the term was used as a self-confirming and self-mocking collective identity. The 1989 "Otaku Murderer" case gave the fandom a negative connotation from which it has not fully recovered. The perception of otaku was again damaged in late 2004 when Kaoru Kobayashi kidnapped, sexually assaulted, and murdered

1062-551: A much higher estimation in 2004, but this definition focused on consumerism and not the "unique psychological characteristics" of otaku used in the 2005 study. The NRI's 2005 study also put forth five archetypes of otaku: The Hamagin Research Institute found that moe -related content was worth ¥88.8 billion ($ 807 million) in 2005, and one analyst estimated the market could be as much as ¥2 trillion ($ 18 billion). Japan-based Tokyo Otaku Mode ,

1180-643: A nationwide U.S. survey conducted by Dentsu in July 2022, 34％ of American Gen-Zs (around 15 million people), acknowledged themselves as anime otaku . In 2005, the Nomura Research Institute divided otaku into twelve groups and estimated the size and market impact of each of these groups. Other institutions have split it further or focused on a single otaku interest. These publications classify distinct groups including anime, manga, camera, automobile, J-idol , and electronics otaku. In 2005,

1298-564: A person unable to relate to reality." The term thus has more of a negative association in Japanese society. The word entered English as a loanword from the Japanese language. It is typically used to refer to a fan of anime and manga , but can also refer to Japanese video games or even Japanese culture in general. Platforms like TrackOtaku and the American magazine Otaku USA popularize and cover these aspects. The usage of

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1416-648: A place for news related to otaku, has been liked on Facebook almost 10 million times. Other classifications of otaku interests include Vocaloid , cosplay , figures , and professional wrestling , as categorized by the Yano Research Institute, which reports and tracks market growth and trends in sectors heavily influenced by otaku consumerism. In 2012, it noted around 30% of growth in dating sim and online gaming otaku, while Vocaloid, cosplay, idols and maid services grew by 10%, confirming its 2011 predictions. Ōkina otomodachi ( 大きなお友達 )

1534-530: A refuge from the nanpa culture. In 1980, around the Kabuki-chō district of Shinjuku in Tokyo, there was a boom of nyū fūzoku , or new sex services employing female college or vocational school students. The burusera boom and the compensated dating boom in the 1990s were extensions of this. In this sense, the period from 1980 to the mid-1990s was the "age of sexual love". The higher the sexual love boom rose,

1652-762: A second parade was held in Ichinomiya during the Tanabata Festival. The sequence of activities were altered, with the Championship held on the Saturday and the Parade on Sunday. In 2013, Vietnam and the Philippines joined as observer nations, bringing the overall total to 24. The event was held with the help of local and international volunteers since 2009; however, this year saw the beginning of

1770-412: A seven-year-old first-grade student. Japanese journalist Akihiro Ōtani suspected that Kobayashi's crime was committed by a member of the figure moe zoku even before his arrest. Although Kobayashi was not an otaku , the degree of social hostility against otaku increased. Otaku were seen by law enforcement as possible suspects for sex crimes, and local governments called for stricter laws controlling

1888-500: A student's interests will be recognized and nurtured, catering to the interests of otaku . Secondly, the vertical structure of Japanese society identifies the value of individuals by their success. Until the late 1980s, unathletic and unattractive males focused on academics, hoping to secure a good job and marry to raise their social standing. Those unable to succeed socially focused instead on their interests, often into adulthood, with their lifestyle centering on those interests, furthering

2006-572: A total of 28 participating cosplayers. About 10,000 people attended the Cosplay Championship. "World Cosplay Summit 2007: Giza-suge yatsura ga yattekita Z!" (The Super Cool Have Arrived!) was televised, and became a part of MLIT's 2007 "Visit Japan" campaign. In 2008, with growing recognition of Japan's otaku culture, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) became the third national ministry to join in official support of

2124-482: A traditional craft from the area. Robot technology is another rapidly developing industry. A materials engineering industry is developing. Brother Industries , which is known for office electronics such as multifunction printers is based in Nagoya, as is Hoshizaki Electric, which is known for commercial ice machines and refrigeration equipment. Many small machine tool and electronics companies are also based in

2242-413: A type of oniwa-yaki (literally "garden ware") called Ofukei ware was produced by the feudal lord's court. Almost every feudal lord had his own oniwa-yaki , also to have gifts made. In the town itself Toyoraku ware and Sasashima ware Japanese tea utensils were made with refined tastes. Ofukei ware started under the first Owari lord Tokugawa Yoshinao and was interrupted once, but continued on until

2360-839: Is itasha ( 痛車 , literally "painful (i.e. cringeworthy) car(s)") , which describes vehicles decorated with fictional characters, especially bishōjo game or eroge characters. The Nomura Research Institute (NRI) has made two major studies into otaku, the first in 2004 and a revised study with a more specific definition in 2005. The 2005 study defines twelve major fields of otaku interests. Of these groups: The remaining five categories include mobile device otaku, with 70,000 individuals and ¥8 billion; audio-visual equipment otaku, with 60,000 individuals and ¥12 billion; camera otaku, with 50,000 individuals and ¥18 billion; fashion otaku, with 40,000 individuals and ¥13 billion; and railway otaku, with 20,000 individuals and ¥4 billion. These values were partially released with

2478-616: Is Otome Road in Ikebukuro, Tokyo. Students from Nagoya City University started a project to help promote hidden tourist attractions and attract more otaku to Nagoya . There are specific terms for different types of otaku, including fujoshi ( 腐女子 , lit. "rotten girl(s)") , a self-mockingly pejorative Japanese term for female fans of yaoi , which focuses on homosexual male relationships. Reki-jo are female otaku who are interested in Japanese history . Some terms refer to

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2596-716: Is twinned with: The sister city relationship with Nanjing , China was suspended on February 21, 2012, following public comments by Nagoya mayor Takashi Kawamura denying the Nanking Massacre . Nagoya Airfield 's sister airport is: Nagoya is the center of Greater Nagoya , which earned nearly 70 percent of Japan's 2003 trade surplus. Nagoya's main industry is automotive. Toyota 's luxury brand Lexus , Denso , Aisin Seiki Co. , Toyota Industries , JTEKT and Toyota Boshoku have their headquarters in or near Nagoya. Mitsubishi Motors has an R&D division in

2714-509: Is a central theme of various anime, manga, documentaries, and academic research. The subculture began in the 1980s as changing social mentalities and the nurturing of otaku traits by Japanese schools combined with the resignation of such individuals to what was then seen as inevitably becoming social outcasts. The subculture's birth coincided with the anime boom after the release of works such as Mobile Suit Gundam , before it branched into Comic Market . The otaku culture could also be seen as

2832-592: Is different from the normal that it has to be a media from Japanese only.And this is the first time that WCS official YouTube channel has broadcast live competition in Saudi Arabia. Just like the WCS Championship in Japan. But due to some problems, the representative from Lebanon will not be able to perform on stage, but will still participate in activities on stage with representatives of all nations. In 2024,The WCS organizing committee has announced that

2950-437: Is less direct and more distant than intimate pronouns, such as anata , and masculine pronouns, such as kimi and omae . The origin of the pronoun's use among 1980s manga and anime fans is unclear. Science fiction fans were using otaku to address owners of books by the late 1960s (in a sense of "Do[es] [your home] own this book?"). Social critic Eiji Ōtsuka posits that otaku was used because it allowed people meeting for

3068-556: Is mostly equivalent to " geek " or " nerd " (both in the broad sense; a technological geek would be a gijutsu otaku ( 技術オタク ) and an academic nerd would be a bunkakei otaku ( 文化系オタク ) or gariben ( ガリ勉 ) ), but in a more derogatory manner than used in the West. It is also applied to any fan of any particular theme, topic, hobby or form of entertainment. "When these people are referred to as otaku , they are judged for their behaviors — and people suddenly see an 'otaku' as

3186-472: Is not permitted to directly copy original drawings or logos to your equipment or props. 7. You are required to bear the cost of any overweight luggage charges when shipping costumes and other items. It is not possible to send them to Japan by air or ship beforehand. 8. Please prepare your own music for your performance. A performance sheet stating what you will perform is to be submitted in advance. The use of voice actors voices from original works in your music

3304-692: Is now used for general aviation and as an airbase and is the main Fuji Dream Airlines hub. Nagoya Station , the world's largest train station by floor area, is on the Tōkaidō Shinkansen line, the Tōkaidō Main Line , and the Chūō Main Line , among others. JR Central , which operates the Tōkaidō Shinkansen , has its headquarters there. Meitetsu is also based in Nagoya, and along with Kintetsu provides regional rail service to

3422-404: Is prohibited. 9. Please send the documents and sound file at latest one month before the date of the Cosplay Championship. 1. Only handmade costume 2. The costumes must be from Japanese anime , manga , and tokusatsu . 3. The Stage Performance team must in group 2 judging time is 2.30 min for performance Nagoya Nagoya ( 名古屋市 , Nagoya-shi , [naꜜɡoja] )

3540-466: Is served by Chubu Centrair International Airport (NGO), built on an artificial island in Tokoname . The airport has international flights and a high volume of domestic flights. A second airport is Nagoya Airfield (Komaki Airport, NKM) near the city's boundary with Komaki and Kasugai . On February 17, 2005, Nagoya Airport's commercial international flights moved to Centrair Airport. Nagoya Airfield

3658-634: Is the largest city in the Chūbu region of Japan. It is the fourth-most populous city in Japan, with a population of 2.3   million in 2020, and the principal city of the Chūkyō metropolitan area , which is the third-most populous metropolitan area in Japan with a population of 10.11   million. Located on the Pacific coast in central Honshu , it is the capital and most populous city of Aichi Prefecture , with

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3776-530: The Imperial Regalia of Japan , the legendary sword Kusanagi no Tsurugi . According to traditional sources, Yamato Takeru died in 113 AD. The possessions of the dead prince were gathered together along with the sword Kusanagi; and his widow venerated his memory in a shrine at her home. The Seigan-ji was built by the Fujiwara clan in the late Heian period . A member served as the head priest of

3894-622: The Mie and Gifu prefectures, with a total population of about 10   million people, surpassed only by Osaka and Tokyo. In the Jomon and Yayoi period , the Ōguruwa Shell Midden was discovered before the settlement of Nagoya. In the Kofun period , Nagoya was settled and the Danpusan Kofun and Shiratori Kofun was built in this area. The Atsuta Shrine is of ancient origin, it is home to

4012-625: The Nagoya International School and Colégio Brasil Japão Prof. Shinoda Brazilian school . State and private colleges and universities primarily located in the eastern area. Some Western-style institutions were founded early in the Meiji era , with more opening during the Taishō and Shōwa eras. Nagoya University was set up in 1871 as a medical school and has produced seven Nobel Prize laureates in science. Nanzan University

4130-734: The Omotenashi (Hospitality) student volunteer group. This was the first year of the WCS as an independent company after 10 years where it was organized through the Events Department of TV Aichi. This was the first year of the World Cosplay Summit has become available broadcast live via Niconico . In 2014, This was the first year that the Championship was held at the Aichi Arts Center beside Oasis 21. Portugal

4248-632: The Port of Nagoya being Japan's largest seaport. In 1610, the warlord Tokugawa Ieyasu , a retainer of Oda Nobunaga , moved the capital of Owari Province from Kiyosu to Nagoya. This period saw the renovation of Nagoya Castle . The arrival of the 20th century brought a convergence of economic factors that fueled rapid growth in Nagoya, during the Meiji Restoration , and became a major industrial hub for Japan. The traditional manufactures of timepieces, bicycles, and sewing machines were followed by

4366-556: The Shōnai River comes from the northeast and turns south towards the bay at Nishi Ward. The human-made Hori River was constructed as a canal in 1610. It flows from north to south, as part of the Shōnai River system. The rivers allowed for trade with the hinterland. The Tempaku River feeds from a number of smaller river in the east, flows briefly south at Nonami and then west at Ōdaka into the bay. The city's location and its position in

4484-716: The Tokaido Shinkansen , and is home to the Nagoya Stock Exchange as well as the headquarters of Brother Industries , Ibanez , Lexus , and Toyota Tsusho , among others. Nagoya is home of educational institutes such as Nagoya University , the Nagoya Institute of Technology , and Nagoya City University . Famous landmarks in the city include Atsuta Shrine , Higashiyama Zoo and Botanical Gardens , Port of Nagoya Public Aquarium , Nagoya Castle , Hisaya Ōdori Park , and Nagoya TV Tower , one of

4602-507: The Tōkai and Kansai regions . Nagoya Subway provides urban transit service. Otaku Otaku ( Japanese : おたく , オタク , or ヲタク ) is a Japanese word that describes people with consuming interests, particularly in anime, manga , video games , or computers . Its contemporary use originated with a 1983 essay by Akio Nakamori in Manga Burikko . Otaku subculture

4720-595: The Yagoto area of Nagoya as part of a bombing raid in order to train for their mission to Hiroshima . In 1959, the city was flooded and severely damaged by the Ise-wan Typhoon . After the war the city was able to rebuild and take up its role again as one of the country's leading industrial and manufacturing centers, it became known as the " Houston and Montreal of the Orient". It also plays an increasing role in

4838-419: The centre of Japan allowed it to develop economically and politically. Nagoya has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen climate classification : Cfa ) with hot, humid summers and cool winters. The summer is noticeably wetter than the winter, although rain falls throughout the year. Nagoya has 16 wards . One of the earliest censuses , carried out in 1889, counted 157,496 residents. The population reached

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4956-670: The meetings, incentives, conferencing, exhibitions (MICE) industry, hosting the Expo 2005 and the Nagoya Protocol conference in 2010. The Nagoya International Center promotes international exchange in the local community. It houses the U.S. Consulate Archived 2020-12-28 at the Wayback Machine on the 6th floor and the United Nations Centre for Regional Development ( UNCRD ) on the 7th floor. Nagoya

5074-801: The meetings, incentives, conferencing, exhibitions (MICE) industry. It hosted in 1989 the World Design Expo (世界デザイン博覧会) for which the Nagoya Congress Center was constructed. It hosted the Expo 2005 and the Nagoya Protocol conference in 2010, as well as the G20 Aichi-Nagoya Foreign Ministers' Meeting in November 2019, which was held at the Nagoya Kanko Hotel and Kawabun . Mechanized puppets, called " karakuri ningyō ", are

5192-507: The 1   million mark in 1934 and as of December 2010 had an estimated population of 2,259,993 with a population density of 6,923 inhabitants per square kilometre (17,930/sq mi). Also as of December 2010 an estimated 1,019,859 households resided there—a significant increase from 153,370 at the end of the Pacific War in 1945. The area is 326.45 square kilometres (126.04 sq mi). Its metropolitan area extends into

5310-481: The 17th century and houses 110,000 items, including books of classic literature such as historic editions of The Tale of Genji that are an heirloom of the Owari Tokugawa and were bequeathed to the city. The Nagoya City Archives store a large collection of documents and books. Tsuruma Central Library is a public library and Nagoya International Center has a collection of foreign-language books. Nagoya

5428-458: The 1980s, through the work of humorist and essayist Akio Nakamori . His 1983 series ' Otaku' Research ( 『おたく』の研究 , "Otaku" no Kenkyū ) , printed in the lolicon magazine Manga Burikko , applied the term as pejorative for "unpleasant" fans, attacking their supposed poor fashion sense and physical appearance in particular. Nakamori was particularly critical of "manga maniacs" drawn to cute girl characters, and explained his label otaku as

5546-610: The 20th anniversary of the WCS but COVID-19 pandemic are continues including 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , a number of countries/regions were unable to send teams. The WCS organizing committee stipulates that there will be competitions in two categories by WCS representatives are coming to Japan with 11 nations for participate in Stage division (6 August) and 17 nations who cannot send representatives come to Japan will send video for participate in Video Division (7 August). But at

5664-456: The American documentary Otaku Unite! which focuses on the American side of the otaku culture, and the Filipino novel Otaku Girl , which tells the story of a virtual reality world where otaku can role-play and use the powers of their favorite anime characters. A term used in the otaku fandom is wotagei or otagei ( ヲタ芸 or オタ芸 ) , a type of cheering performed as a group. Another term

5782-462: The Cosplay Championship performance begins are limited to a maximum weight of 10 kg (22 lb). Prop dimensions are limited to 2,100 mm (83 in) in height, 2,100 mm (83 in) in width and 900 mm (35 in) in depth. 5. All large props set on stage are limited to a maximum of 3 items. Dimensions of hand held props carried onto the stage must be relayed to WCS head office in written form and accompanied by photographs. 6. It

5900-471: The Cosplay Summit both prior and during the event, will be attributed to TV Aichi. 10. After the World Cosplay Summit, images, photographs, footage, programs broadcast, Internet homepages and DVDs, etc. of the contestants will come under the jurisdiction of TV Aichi. Compensation will not be furnished for such images used by the media. 1. A minimum of three costumes must be brought to Japan: one for

6018-485: The Japanese pavilion in the 2004 International Architecture exhibition of the Venice Biennale (Biennale Architecture) featured 'otaku'. In 2005, the word moe — one of the keywords of the present volume — was chosen as one of the top ten ' buzzwords of the year'." Former Prime Minister of Japan Taro Aso has also claimed to be an otaku, using this subculture to promote Japan in foreign affairs. In 2013,

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6136-585: The Nagoya area who gradually succeeded in unifying Japan. In 1610, Tokugawa Ieyasu moved the capital of Owari Province from Kiyosu, about seven kilometers (4.3 miles) away, to a more strategic location in present-day Nagoya. In May–June 1560, the Battle of Okehazama took place in Dengakuhazama, Owari Province which was just outside of what would become Nagoya city. In this battle, Oda Nobunaga defeated Imagawa Yoshimoto and established himself as one of

6254-420: The Parade, one for the Championship, and one for media appearances. 2. In the Cosplay Championship, the costumes of the characters must be from the same Japanese manga, anime, video game or tokusatsu series. 3. All equipment, costumes and props for the Cosplay Championship performance are limited to a maximum weight of 40 kg (88 lb) combined for both performers. 4. All large props set on stage before

6372-564: The Tokyo Round at Tokyo Dome City Hall on 27 August, only the two teams with the most points in each group from the costume show will be qualified for the finals immediately and the remaining 32 teams will compete in the next round. It was originally announced that Group 3's Mexico and Costa Rica would advance to the Final, With the mistake of counting the votes and it was discovered later that Russia had more points than Costa Rica. So Russia has

6490-594: The US. In the early 2000s, the otaku community in the United States often consisted of suburban young people and niche online groups. The district of Akihabara in Tokyo, where there are maid cafés featuring waitresses who dress up and act like maids or anime characters, is a notable attraction center for otaku. Akihabara also has dozens of stores specializing in anime, manga, retro video games , figurines, card games, and other collectibles. Another popular location

6608-580: The WCSxGamers8 event (not as WCS member countries). It is the first time that Colombia, Latvia has sent a joint representative after being unable to do so in 2021. The representatives are all alumni over the years, including the most recent representative and some representatives has been direct invite by WCS.By competing in such events, the WCS does not have an official live broadcast. In 2023, Austria, Malaysia and Portugal returned to participate after being absent in 2021.The WCS organizing committee had set

6726-399: The WCSxGamers8 event (not as WCS member countries). It is the first time that Myanmar has sent a joint representative after being unable to do so in 2019, bringing the number of participating nations/region to 45. This competition still adheres to the rules of the WCS competition, but this competition, each national representative allowed the use of dialog and scenarios from Western media. which

6844-459: The age in which reality and fiction are regarded as equivalent tools for self-defense. He further describes the internet society as a rhizomic structure which invalidates the distinction between "reality" and "fiction". The world type treats fiction as an equivalent of reality (real-ization of fiction), while the battle royale type treats reality as an equivalent of fiction (fictionalization of reality). Otaku often participate in self-mocking through

6962-488: The area. The World Expo 2005 , also known as Aichi Expo was held near Nagoya in the neighboring cities of Nagakute and Seto from March 25 to September 25, 2005. Retail is of importance in the city. Traditional department stores with roots in Nagoya are Matsuzakaya , Maruei and the Meitetsu Department Store . Oriental Nakamura was bought by Mitsukoshi from Tokyo in 1977. The Owari province

7080-658: The competition to be just Stage performance as before.It was announced that there were 34 countries/regions, but later the Philippines withdrew from the competition bringing the number of participating nations/regions to 33 only.Later August 28-28, the WCS exhibition will be held again in Riyadh ,Saudi Arabia called "Gamers8 Cosplay Cup supported by World Cosplay Summit". Argentina , Bangladesh , Croatia , Czech Republic , Hungary , Iraq , Mauritius , Mongolia , Morocco , Panama , Peru , Qatar , Serbia and Slovakia joined

7198-415: The contemporary knowledge magazine Bessatsu Takarajima dedicated its 104th issue to the topic of otaku. It was called Otaku no Hon ( おたくの本 , lit. The Book of Otaku ) and delved into the subculture of otaku with 19 articles by otaku insiders, among them Akio Nakamori. This publication has been claimed by scholar Rudyard Pesimo to have popularized the term. In modern Japanese slang, the term otaku

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7316-439: The creation of the otaku subculture. Even prior to the coinage of the term, the stereotypical traits of the subculture were identified in a 1981 issue of Fan Rōdo (Fan road) about "culture clubs". These individuals were drawn to anime, a counter-culture, with the release of hard science fiction works such as Mobile Suit Gundam . These works allowed a congregation and development of obsessive interests that turned anime into

7434-493: The depiction of eroticism in otaku materials. Not all attention has been negative. In his book Otaku , Hiroki Azuma observed: "Between 2001 and 2007, the otaku forms and markets quite rapidly won social recognition in Japan", citing the fact that "[i]n 2003, Hayao Miyazaki won the Academy Award for his Spirited Away ; around the same time Takashi Murakami achieved recognition for otaku-like designs; in 2004,

7552-421: The development and expansion of the event. The parade had grown to 500 cosplayers, and 30 participants from 15 countries competed in the Cosplay Championship before 12,000 spectators, with Australia and Finland being the two newest participating nations. The first international symposium was held at Nagoya University entitled "Outward Minded: Worldwide Impact of Cosplay and Interpretations in Japan". In 2010,

7670-452: The economic impact of otaku was estimated to be as high as ¥2 trillion ( US$ 18  billion). Otaku is derived from a Japanese term for another person's house or family ( お宅 , otaku ). The word can be used metaphorically as a part of honorific speech in Japanese , as a second-person pronoun . In this usage, its literal translation is "you". It is associated with some dialects of Western Japanese and with housewives , and

7788-548: The end of July to early August for the World Cosplay Summit Championship. 5. Participating minors must have consent of a guardian (rules may vary depending on the preliminary rules in different countries). 6. Contestants must participate in a positive manner in order to ensure the success of the World Cosplay Summit. 7. Legal Documents (i.e. passport application, official documentation, etc.) must be prepared and submitted as quickly as possible at

7906-564: The end of the Edo period . It became widely known in Japan. The lord's taste in ceramics was also imitated by other Owari samurai, such as Hirasawa Kurō and Masaki Sōzaburō , who made their own pieces. Toyoraku ware continued on until the Taishō era under the 8th generation. Colourful pieces and gorgeous tea utensils were highly valued. Sasashima ware also experienced its heyday during this time. Colourful and soft ceramic items such as sake and tea utensils and objects were produced and intently collected. An early type of manufactured production

8024-573: The event took place in two main locations: the Cosplay Parade was held in Osu on July 31 and the Cosplay Championship was held at the Expo Dome on August 7 during Expo 2005 . 40 people from seven countries participated in the first Cosplay Championship, with France winning the group category, Italy winning the individual category, and with the overall contest winner being Italy. The initial goal of

8142-631: The event was to bring a part of Japanese youth culture to Expo 2005 . In 2006, the venue for the Cosplay Championship was moved to Oasis 21 in Sakae, Nagoya . Nine countries competed: Italy, Germany, France, Spain , China , Brazil , Thailand , Singapore and Japan, with a total of 22 cosplayers. The grand prize was won by brother-and-sister team Maurisio and Monica Somenzari L. Olivas, representing Brazil. (Dressed respectively as Hughes de Watteau and Augusta Vradica from Trinity Blood , they made their costumes by hand with help from their parents.) The event

8260-490: The event. About 300 cosplayers participated in the Parade. Thirteen countries with a total of 28 representative cosplayers performed in the Championship in front of 12,000 visitors. TV Aichi produced and broadcast the WCS special "Everyone's Heroes Get Together!". It's a last time Japan had more national team representative than one team. In April 2009, the WCS Executive Committee was created to administrate

8378-499: The expansion of the Internet and media, as more anime, video games, shows, and comics were created. The definition of otaku subsequently became more complex, and numerous classifications of otaku emerged. Otaku may be used as a pejorative, with its negativity stemming from a stereotypical view of otaku as social outcasts and the media's reporting on Tsutomu Miyazaki , "The Otaku Murderer", in 1989. Otaku discrimination

8496-548: The final and compete against the 8 previous teams who have previously qualified for the final, a total of 24 teams in the World Cosplay Championship. This was the first year of the WCS was broadcast live on YouTube , But Tokyo Round And Nagoya Round Only. In 2020, the cosplay championship stage was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic . In place of the event, a 24-hour live stream fund-raising event and

8614-548: The first event was held at the Rose Court Hotel in Nagoya. Activities included a panel discussion and photography session. Five cosplayers were invited from Germany , France and Italy ; "International Common Language" ( MANGAは世界の共通語 ) , a television programme dealing with the contemporary situation of anime and manga in Frankfurt , Paris and Rome , was produced and broadcast on November 24. The 2004 event

8732-473: The first time, such as at a convention , to interact from a comfortable distance. One theory posits that otaku was popularized as a pronoun by science fiction author Motoko Arai in a 1981 essay in Variety magazine, and another posits that it was popularized by fans of anime studio Gainax , some of whose founders came from Tottori Prefecture in western Japan (where otaku is commonly used). The pronoun

8850-481: The important Tōkaidō road, which linked the two capitals of Kyoto and Edo (now Tokyo). A town developed around the temple to support travelers. The castle and shrine towns formed the city. During the Meiji Restoration Japan's provinces were restructured into prefectures and the government changed from family to bureaucratic rule. Nagoya was proclaimed a city on October 1, 1889, and designated

8968-549: The leading warlords in the Sengoku period . During this period Nagoya Castle was constructed, built partly from materials taken from Kiyosu Castle . During the construction, the entire town around Kiyosu Castle, consisting of around 60,000 people, moved from Kiyosu to the newly planned town around Nagoya Castle. Around the same time, the nearby ancient Atsuta Shrine was designated as a waystation , called Miya (the Shrine), on

9086-430: The more people were disappointed in sexual love for not giving them that comprehensive acceptance. The advent of information technology and databases, first and foremost, enriched the means for the homeostasis of the self, that is, self-defense; and, secondly, it thereby rapidly weakened the sense that "reality" (or embodied communication) is more fruitful than "fiction" (or virtual reality). The otaku subculture grew with

9204-482: The nearby Atsuta Shrine, one of the legendary shrines of Japan. It is believed that Yura-Gozen, also known as Urahime, a daughter of Fujiwara no Suenori , was married to Minamoto no Yoshitomo (1123–60) and their son Minamoto no Yoritomo 's birthplace is Nagoya, he is also the founder of the Kamakura shogunate . Oda Nobunaga and his protégés Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu were powerful warlords based in

9322-422: The next round by an organized committee from each country who has no stake in their own country in each group and special prizes (Brother, Niconico etc.) will be distributed immediately after the selection. It was later found that the votes were miscounted, with Germany and South Korea having the same score as some of the nations with the fewest points to qualify. The jury has decided that both nations will advance to

9440-460: The next round for justice. which resulted in a total of 18 teams qualified for the next round. In The Second Stage held on Sunday All teams qualified in the afternoon before the start of the main event in the Championship round. They had to meet with the committee to explain the costumes. This was the first year of the World Cosplay Summit has become available used backscreen for enhance abilities representative's performance.The number of visitors during

9558-538: The number of participating nations to 30. WCS 2021 was planned to utilize a combination of recorded, online and in-person events.A large mosaic mural of the Oasis 21 complex depicting cosplay images of many of the campaign backers was hung at Chubu International Airport. The WCS Championship was broadcast live on multiple channels: officially on Facebook, Niconico, and YouTube and by recognized broadcasters in various languages on Bilibili, Discord, and Twitch. In 2022 will

9676-558: The number of participating nations/region to 34. This was the first year the WCS allowed the use of dialog and scenarios from Japanese live action adaptations for performances. During the final stage of the Championships, participants from Taiwan and Brazil made unexpected marriage proposals on the stage. In 2018, Bulgaria , Costa Rica , and South Africa joined WCS. Kuwait returned to participate while Puerto Rico and United Arab Emirates were unable to send representatives, bringing

9794-557: The number of participating nations/regions now total 28.This is the last year that WCS used the song " We are the world " during the closing ceremony on stage after using this song many years before. In 2016, India (the first nation from South Asia) and Switzerland joined the WCS, bringing the number of participating nations/region to 30. With this large field, the Championship was held in two stages over consecutive days. The First Stage, held on Saturday, will be divided into 2 groups and only 8 teams will be selected per group to qualify for

9912-584: The number of participating nations/regions to 36. The Championship was held in a single stage at the Dolphins Arena Gymnasium. The Taiwanese cosplayers who became engaged during the 2017 championship held their wedding ceremony in the Wedding Hall Photo Party event;after the cake cutting ceremony, there was another surprise as the male WCS representative from Singapore made an unexpected marriage proposal.A night parade event

10030-577: The numbered targets and raised the area burned to almost one-fourth of the entire city. Nagoya Castle, which was being used as a military command post, was hit and mostly destroyed on May 14, 1945, followed by the Yokkaichi bombing in June 1945. Reconstruction of the main building was completed in 1959. Later in the same year on July 26, 1945, the Enola Gay also dropped a conventional pumpkin bomb in

10148-440: The oldest TV towers in Japan. It will be the third Japanese city to host the 2026 Asian Games , after Tokyo 1958 and Hiroshima 1994 . The city's name was historically written as 那古野 or 名護屋 (both read as Nagoya ). One possible origin is the adjective nagoyaka ( 和やか ) , meaning 'calm'. The name Chūkyō ( 中京 ) , consisting of chū (middle) + kyō (capital) is also used to refer to Nagoya. Notable examples of

10266-403: The pejorative usage, were intermixed. The term was also popularized by William Gibson 's 1996 novel Idoru , which references otaku . Kaichirō Morikawa identifies the subculture as distinctly Japanese, a product of the school system and society. Japanese schools have a class structure which functions as a caste system , but clubs are an exception to the social hierarchy. In these clubs,

10384-473: The periad exceeded 300,000. "We Can Start!!", the official WCS theme song, sung by Tōru Furuya WCS senior judges, was first sung during closing ceremonies on stage and later became the theme song during WCS events, including used in the closing ceremony on stage until now In 2017, 15th anniversary of the WCS.Nagoya city declared ”Cosplay Host Town”. Belgium , Chile , Myanmar , Puerto Rico , and United Arab Emirates joined, while Kuwait withdrew, bringing

10502-466: The preliminaries for each country are decided by the event in which the respective preliminaries takes place. The following are participation regulations of the WCS Championship (finals) in Japan 1. Each country will be represented by one team of two cosplayers. 2. The costumes must be from Japanese anime , manga , and tokusatsu . 3. Cosplay costumes are to be hand-made. 4. Prospective entrants must be able to travel to Japan for about one week from

10620-409: The production of special steels, ceramic, chemicals, oil, and petrochemicals, as the area's automobile, aviation, and shipbuilding industries flourished. These factors made the city a target for air raids during the Pacific War . Following the war, Nagoya's economy diversified, but the city remains a significant centre for industry and transport in Japan. It is linked with Tokyo, Kyōto, and Osaka by

10738-449: The production or interest in humor directed at their subculture. Anime and manga otaku are the subject of numerous self-critical works, such as Otaku no Video , which contains a live-interview mockumentary that pokes fun at the otaku subculture and includes Gainax 's own staff as the interviewees. Other works depict otaku subculture less critically, such as Genshiken and Comic Party . A well-known light novel , which later received

10856-504: The request of the WCS sponsor ( TV Aichi ). 8. Media such as TV programs, Internet homepages, newspapers, magazines, etc. may use photos and images of the preliminary contests prior to the World Cosplay Summit. On these occasions, compensation will not be furnished. 9. All image rights in all media exposure, such as news from TV programs and other assorted media involved with the World Cosplay Summit, promotional activities in print media as well as events and performances, and announcements of

10974-666: The right to compete in the final instead of Costa Rica. On 31 August, A bridal cosplay party was held in Wedding Hall Bleu Leman, where the male WCS Alumni 2018 from Chile made an unexpected marriage proposal during the event. The Nagoya Round (Semi) and Final (Championship) moved to the venue within the Aichi Arts Center. In the Nagoya Round, there will be a method of selection through the Stage Performance Contest. Only 16 teams can advance to

11092-532: The same time, 11 nations who have participated in Stage division will also participate in this event too, a total of 28 nations. On August 1, the WCS Organizing Committee announced that Finland unable send representatives to the stage division but still participating in the video division. And Saudi Arabia's participation in only video divisions has been canceled,total of countries participating to only 27 nations. The WCS Championship broadcast live

11210-450: The spring of 1945, and included large-scale firebombing . Nagoya was the target of two of Bomber Command 's attacks. These incendiary attacks, one by day and one by night, devastated 15.3 square kilometres (5.9 sq mi). The XXI Bomber Command established a new U.S. Army Air Force record with the greatest tonnage ever released on a single target in one mission—3,162 tons of incendiaries. It also destroyed or damaged twenty-eight of

11328-607: The suburb of Okazaki . Major component suppliers such as Magna International and PPG also have a strong presence here. Spark plug maker NGK and Nippon Sharyo , known for manufacturing rolling stock including the Shinkansen are headquartered there. The aviation history has historically been of importance since the industrialization. During the Second World War the Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighter

11446-754: The symposium was moved to the Mode Gakuen Spiral Towers .The number of visitors in event reached 89,800. In 2011, the Netherlands and Malaysia joined, bringing the total participating countries to 17. In 2012, the United Kingdom , Indonesia and Russia entered competitively at WCS, with Hong Kong and Taiwan participating under observer status, bringing the total number of represented countries to 22. WCS expanded to 12 days for its 10th anniversary, with official visits paid to Gifu, Mie, Tottori and Aichi Prefectural offices, and

11564-437: The term of address used between junior high school kids at manga and anime conventions. In 1989, the case of Tsutomu Miyazaki , "The Otaku Murderer", brought the fandom, very negatively, to national attention. Miyazaki, who randomly chose and murdered four girls, had a collection of 5,763 video tapes, some containing anime and slasher films that were found interspersed with videos and pictures of his victims. Later that year,

11682-421: The three largest centers of the Japanese aircraft industry. It was estimated that 25% of its workers were engaged in aircraft production. Important Japanese aircraft targets (numbers 193, 194, 198, 2010, and 1729) were within the city itself, while others (notably 240 and 1833) were to the north of Kagamigahara . It was estimated that they produced between 40% and 50% of Japanese combat aircraft and engines, such as

11800-595: The use of the name Chūkyō include the Chūkyō Industrial Area , Chūkyō Metropolitan Area , Chūkyō Television Broadcasting , Chukyo University and the Chukyo Racecourse . Nagoya lies north of Ise Bay on the Nōbi Plain . The city was built on low-level plateaus to ward off floodwaters. The plain is one of the nation's most fertile areas. The Kiso River flows to the west along the city border, and

11918-557: The video division will return and renamed the World Cinematic Cosplay Summit and change to online event competition on June 8-9 and broadcast live on officially on Facebook, Twitch, X (Twitter) and YouTube, while the WCS Championship will remain on its original schedule in August.The participating countries include 19 original member nations.The first day was a competition to select the top 5 representatives from

12036-551: The vital Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighter. The Nagoya area also produced machine tools, bearings, railway equipment, metal alloys, tanks, motor vehicles and processed foods during the war. Air raids began on April 18, 1942, with an attack on a Mitsubishi Heavy Industries aircraft works, the Matsuhigecho oil warehouse, the Nagoya Castle military barracks and the Nagoya war industries plant. The bombing continued through

12154-563: The wild card group to compete with the 19 member nations in the next day. Each country could send more than 1 team, but in the end, the competition ended with 6 representatives because the bottom 2 teams had the same score.The WCCS champions who win the tournament will be invited to participate in the WCs events in August.Czech Republic and Mongolia joined WCS as member countries.bringing the number of participating nations/regions to 36. in 2025, Bolivia , Peru and Poland joined WCS. Regulations of

12272-681: The word is a source of contention among some fans, owing to its negative connotations and stereotyping of the fandom. Widespread English exposure to the term came in 1988 with the release of Gunbuster , which refers to anime fans as otaku . Gunbuster was released officially in English in March 1990. The term's usage spread throughout the Usenet group rec.arts.anime with discussions about Otaku no Video ' s portrayal of otaku before its 1994 English release. Positive and negative aspects, including

12390-490: Was addition a new on Twitter And Locipo (Video Division Only). The first year WCS have grand champion two categories by Stage Division,Video Division And for the first time that the same nation has been got runner-up 2nd from both categories. Later 3 – 4 September A WCS Exhibition Event will be hosted for the first time in outside of Japan in Riyadh ,Saudi Arabia called "World Cosplay Summit Exhibition Gamers8!!". Bangladesh , Czech Republic , Egypt , Lebanon and Poland joined

12508-412: Was also used in the popular anime Macross , first aired in 1982, by the characters Hikaru Ichijyo and Lynn Minmay , who address each other as otaku until they get to know each other better. The modern slang form, which is distinguished from the older usage by being written in hiragana (おたく), katakana (オタク or, less frequently, ヲタク) or rarely in rōmaji , first appeared in public discourse in

12626-545: Was constructed in Nagoya. The aviation tradition continues with Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation headquartered in the Nagoya Airfield 's terminal building in Komaki . The Mitsubishi Regional Jet (MRJ) aircraft is produced at a factory adjacent to the airport. The MRJ is a partnership between majority owner Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Toyota with design assistance from Toyota affiliate Subaru Corporation , already

12744-1702: Was established by the Roman Catholic Society of the Divine Word in 1932 as a high school and expanded to include Nanzan Junior College and the Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture . The main campus was designed in the 1960s by the renowned architect Antonin Raymond . Some universities specialise in engineering and technology, such as Nagoya University Engineering school, Nagoya Institute of Technology and Toyota Technological Institute ; these universities receive support and grants from companies such as Toyota . Other colleges and universities include: Aichi Prefectural College of Nursing & Health , Aichi Shukutoku Junior College , Aichi Toho University , Chukyo University , Daido University , Doho University , Kinjo Gakuin University , Kinjo Gakuin University Junior College , Meijo University , Nagoya City University , Nagoya College of Music , Nagoya Future Culture College , Nagoya Gakuin University , Nagoya Management Junior College , Nagoya Women's University , St. Mary's College, Nagoya , Sugiyama Jogakuen University , Sugiyama Jogakuen University Junior College , Tokai Gakuen Women's College . Various universities from outside Nagoya have set up satellite campuses, such as Tokyo University of Social Welfare . The Hōsa Library dates to

12862-476: Was established in 1920 in Nagoya and became one of the largest aircraft manufacturers in Japan. The availability of space and the central location of the region and the well-established connectivity were some of the major factors that lead to the establishment of the aviation industry there. Nagoya was the target of air raids during the Pacific War . The population of Nagoya at this time was estimated to be 1.5   million, fourth among Japanese cities and one of

12980-415: Was held for the first time at Central Park underground street. In 2019, Austria , Israel , Saudi Arabia , and Trinidad and Tobago joined WCS. United Arab Emirates returned to participate after being absent in 2018 while Kuwait and Puerto Rico were unable to send representatives for this year, bringing the number of participating nations/regions to 40. The WCS Championship expanded to a three-stage event:

13098-479: Was held in 2003 to highlight the international popularity of Japanese anime and manga through cosplay (costume play). It was subsequently held as part of Expo 2005 in Nagoya, where it gathered considerable media attention. The event grew to include participants from 40 countries and encompasses multiple activities including the Osu Cosplay Parade and the Cosplay Championship. On October 12, 2003,

13216-543: Was held on August 1 at the Ōsu shopping district in Naka-ku, Nagoya . Eight international cosplayers were invited, and about 100 cosplayers participated in the inaugural Osu Cosplay Parade. In 2005, the WCS was reorganized from an invitation-based system to a qualifying system with preliminary events held around the world, leading to the first WCS Cosplay Championship. Four cosplayers in single and group teams represented participating countries. Along with supporting activities,

13334-534: Was historically well known for the cloisonné art form. The Ando Cloisonné Company continues the long tradition. The confectionery company Marukawa is well known. The city offers venues for conferences and congresses such as the Nagoya Congress Center and the Nagoya International Exhibition Hall. Nagoya has mostly state-run primary and secondary schools. The area in the city limits includes international schools such as

13452-617: Was organized by broadcaster TV Aichi until 2012. It is supported by several city organizations, businesses, the WCS student volunteer organization Omotenashi, and the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA), Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT), and Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI). Japanese embassy representatives often attend preliminaries of events in foreign countries. The WCS relies heavily on corporate sponsorship rather than ticket sales to fund its activities. The first World Cosplay Summit

13570-427: Was particularly intense between 1989 (when a serial murder suspect was arrested) and 1996 (when the compensated dating boom was at its peak). According to studies published in 2013, the term has become less negative, and an increasing number of people now identify themselves as otaku , both in Japan and elsewhere. Out of 137,734 teens surveyed in Japan in 2013, 42.2% self-identified as a type of otaku . According to

13688-460: Was selected to join. Also, Kuwait joined the WCS as the first nation from the Middle East, which brought the total number of participating nations/regions to 26.The number of visitors to the main venue, Oasis 21, exceeded 200,000. In 2015, The Championship moved to the largest venue within the Aichi Arts Center called 'The Theater'. With the inclusion of Canada and Sweden as Observer Nations,

13806-445: Was supported by Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) and Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MLIT). Over 5,000 people attended the Cosplay Championship stage event and several thousand more attended the Cosplay Parade. TV Aichi produced and broadcast, "World Cosplay Summit 2006: New Challengers". In 2007, Denmark , Mexico and South Korea joined the event to bring the number of participating countries to 12, with

13924-447: Was the blue-and-white Kawana ware . With the advent of industrialization during the Meiji era of the late 19th century, some export wares were produced. Industrial-scale export porcelain was made by old Noritake , also Nagoya E-tsuke ( 名古屋絵付 ) became popular. Production of industrial ceramics continues to be an important economic factor with companies such as INAX , NGK , and NGK Insulators . The city has an increasing role in

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