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39-649: The Ladentown Outlier is the most northern of the Watchung Outliers, located along the border of the Town of Haverstraw and Ramapo, New York , approximately seven miles north of the maximum extent of the Watchung Mountains at Campgaw Mountain . The outlier is completely composed of volcanic trap rock , the Ladentown basalt, which covers a considerable area, running at or beneath the surface for

78-646: A length of about two miles with a width of about a mile. Originally, because of its close proximity to the Palisades , the Ladentown basalt was thought to be an extension of the intrusive sill. It is now known from magnetic and gravity measurements that the Ladentown basalt is linked to the Palisades by a significant subsurface volcanic dike, but it is definitely an extrusive feature, displaying Orange Mountain Basalt characteristic of First Watchung Mountain. This makes

117-443: A plan to raise $ 500,000 annually was produced. That year the school's per-student cost was $ 5,500 but it relied on archdiocese funds as it deliberately had tuition below cost, at $ 3,600, so children of working class backgrounds could attend. It had an increasing enrollment at the time of closure, with 328 students in its final year. Haverstraw was home to three Medal of Honor recipients: Palisades Sill The Palisades Sill

156-800: A police department. Major highways include the Palisades Interstate Parkway , U.S. Route 9W , U.S. Route 202 , and NY Route 45 . Haverstraw is also a terminus of the NY Waterway / Metro-North Railroad Haverstraw–Ossining Ferry . Short Line , part of Coach USA , provides daily service along U.S. Route 9W heading to and from the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan and West Point Military Academy or Newburgh . New York Central 's West Shore Railroad began operations along

195-479: Is a Triassic , 200 Ma diabase intrusion . It extends through portions of New York and New Jersey . It is most noteworthy for The Palisades , the cliffs that rise steeply above the western bank of the Hudson River . The ideal location and accessibility of the sill , as well as its unique features, have generated much attention from nature enthusiasts, rock climbers, and geologists alike. The outcrop of

234-631: Is now north-western Africa, creating the young Atlantic Ocean . Magma was generated through decompression melting , and a portion of it was intruded into the sandstones and arkoses of the Stockton Formation within the Newark Basin , one of the Eastern North America Rift Basins . The magma would eventually solidify and, after millions of years, the overlying rocks would be uplifted and eroded, exposing

273-681: Is now part of the CSX River Subdivision which runs between North Bergen Yard in New Jersey and Selkirk, New York . The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York operates Catholic schools in Rockland County. St. Peter Parish School was in Haverstraw. In 2012, after the archdiocese announced that it could potentially be closed, the school community did a fundraising drive as the school was told it could remain open if

312-452: Is the original seat of government for the town, hosting the area's historic central downtown business district and the densest population in northern Rockland County. In 1609, the region was explored by Henry Hudson . A land purchase was made in this town in 1666 from local natives and confirmed as a patent in 1671. The region was known as Haverstroo , meaning "oat straw" in Dutch . During

351-482: Is therefore considered to constitute a phacolith . 40°30′40″N 74°51′58″W  /  40.511°N 74.866°W  / 40.511; -74.866 Haverstraw (town), New York Haverstraw / ˈ h æ v ər ˌ s t r ɔː / is a town in Rockland County , New York , United States, located north of the Town of Clarkstown and the Town of Ramapo ; east of Orange County ; south of

390-638: The American Revolution , it served (under the command of Col. Ann Hawkes Hay ) as an important lookout for British activities on the Hudson. A blue-marked trail, the Long Path, may be taken 2 miles (3 km) eastward from Central Highway along the crest of South Mountain to High Tor. Halfway is Little Tor, the second highest peak on South Mountain. The town of Haverstraw was formed in 1788 while still part of Orange County, New York . Haverstraw

429-612: The Oldwick Outlier ) is the most northern of the outliers south of the Watchung Mountains. The hills of the New Germantown Outlier are located along the border of Tewksbury Township and Readington Township, New Jersey , approximately seven miles southwest of the southern extent of the Watchungs and about three miles north of Cushetunk Mountain . The structure of the New Germantown Outlier appears to mirror

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468-460: The Town of Stony Point ; and west of the Hudson River . The town runs from the west to the east border of the county in its northern section. The population was 39,087 at the 2020 census. The name comes from the Dutch word Haverstroo meaning "oats straw", referring to the grasslands along the river. The town contains three villages , one of which is also known as Haverstraw . Haverstraw village

507-606: The First and Second ridges of the Watchungs. Finally, at the center of the horseshoe is a dome of volcanic rock forming a hill known as Round Top . The hill is composed of Preakness Mountain Basalt, making it the equivalent of Second Watchung Mountain in the New Germantown complex. The thickness of basalt in this outlier is estimated at close to 425 ft (~130 m). Located along the border of western Flemington and Raritan Township, New Jersey , Prospect Hill constitutes

546-567: The Hudson River north until reaching Haverstraw . It is at this point that the sill makes a turn to the west, where it disappears near Pomona . At this turn, the sill cuts across local strata , making it a dike in that area, not a sill. It has been proposed that the sill reemerges in two locations in Pennsylvania (where the outcrops are also discordant with local strata), but this idea is not generally agreed upon, and discussion of

585-539: The Ladentown basalt unique among the Watchung basalts in that it appears to be rooted to an intrusive feature. In this respect, the Ladentown basalt can be thought of as the remains of a fissure volcano , owing to the extrusion's slab-like character and ramping profile. New research indicates that the vicinity of Ladentown may have served as the primary vent from which the magma of the Palisades Sill erupted to

624-477: The Palisades Sill as we know it today. The composition of the sill is that of diabase , although its mineral assemblage is not uniform throughout the thickness of the body. The mineralogy of the sill consists principally of plagioclase feldspar , several varieties of pyroxenes , and olivine , with minor biotite , titanite , zircon and oxides . Most researchers report that, generally speaking,

663-633: The Palisades Sill is quite recognizable for its prominent cliffs above the Hudson River; it is easily seen from the western portions of Manhattan . The exposure is approximately 80 kilometers (50 mi) long, most of it following the Hudson River . It first emerges in Staten Island in New York City . The sill then crosses the state line into New Jersey, where Jersey City , Union City , Fort Lee , and Englewood Cliffs all lie on it. The sill eventually crosses back into New York, following

702-551: The Palisades Sill is usually limited to the exposure in New York and New Jersey. A portion of the sill is also home to the Palisades Interstate Parkway , a stretch of road that passes through the park area preserved by John D. Rockefeller to protect its natural beauty. The end of the Triassic Period saw large-scale rifting during the break-up of Pangaea . What is now eastern North America began to separate from what

741-437: The Palisades Sill. Magnetic and gravity measurements have indicated the presence of a large subsurface dike between the Palisades intrusion and the Ladentown basalt, an extrusive body of Watchung basalt north of Suffern, New York. More recently, the various Watchung flows have been correlated to geochemically distinct layers within the Palisades sill, bolstering the theory that eruptions of the Palisades magma were responsible for

780-561: The Palisades magma found a way to the surface, albeit not as significant as in the Ladentown Outlier. The Sand Brook Outlier , located in the eastern part of Delaware Township, New Jersey , appears nearly identical in construction to the New Germantown Outlier. A low ridge composed of Orange Mountain Basalt forms a horseshoe around the eastern edge of a belt of sedimentary strata from the Feltville Formation. In

819-657: The Sand Brook and New Germantown outliers. As in the other two outliers, the Jacksonwald Outlier features a low, horseshoe shaped ridge of Orange Mountain Basalt (sometimes referred to as just the Jacksonwald Basalt) that embraces an area composed of sedimentary strata from the Feltville Formation. However, unlike in the Sand Brook and New Germantown outliers, the Jacksonwald Outlier lacks a central dome of Preakness Mountain Basalt. The thickness of

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858-419: The age of 18 living with them, 54.4% were married couples living together, 15.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.0% were non-families. 21.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.94 and the average family size was 3.43. In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.3% under

897-460: The age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 31.2% from 25 to 44, 23.6% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.4 males. The median income for a household in the town was $ 53,850, and the median income for a family was $ 61,119. Males had a median income of $ 40,109 versus $ 31,979 for females. The per capita income for

936-523: The banks of the Hudson in 1883 and until 1958 operated passenger service between Albany and Weehawken Terminal in Weehawken, New Jersey , where passengers could transfer to ferries to Manhattan . Service between West Haverstraw and Weehawken was discontinued in 1959. The right of way is still used for freight and is known as the River Line. Conrail operated the system until its dissolution. It

975-438: The basalt in this outlier is estimated to be in excess of 325 ft (~100 m). An interesting trait of the Jacksonwald Outlier is that it is surrounded by a ridge of intrusive diabase on its eastern side. The diabase, which lies stratagraphically below the basalt, is thought to have been intruded into the syncline containing the Jacksonwald Outlier during or after some degree of folding had affected local strata. The diabase

1014-485: The construction of the Watchung Mountains on a tiny scale. The eastern side of the feature consists of a horseshoe shaped ridge with prongs facing to the west. This ridge is composed of Orange Mountain (First Watchung Mountain) basalt which is actively quarried. West of this First Watchung-like ridge is a valley occupied by sedimentary layers of the Feltville Formation , characteristic of the valley between

1053-411: The episodic flood basalts of the Newark Basin . Due to the presence of the olivine-rich zone, the normally difficult task of determining the history of an igneous body becomes even tougher. Each of these theories supported the idea of crystal fractionation playing a significant, if not total, role in the differentiation of the sill. A single source for the magma was assumed. Due to the interest in

1092-458: The hill except for the slopes of its perimeter. Like the Ladentown Outlier, Union Hill was once considered to be an extension of the Palisades. It was determined later in the 20th century that the hill was composed of extrusive basalt with a minimum thickness of 125 ft (38 m). However, by 2011 it was known that the outlier, once considered to consist only of a single type of basalt, is more complex than originally thought. The outermost part of

1131-546: The main body of the sill to up to 28% within this layer. It is the origin of this layer, and subsequently, the sill as a whole, that has generated much of the attention, as well as the varying origin theories proposed for the intrusion (see below). There is an average stratigraphic thickness of 300 meters (~1000 feet), with the famous cliffs rising 100 meters (300 ft) on average above sea level. The intrusion dips between 10 and 15 degrees westward for most of its length. It has been determined through stratigraphic studies that

1170-540: The middle of the outlier is a dome-like structure of what is likely Preakness Mountain Basalt, not unlike Round Top in the New Germantown complex. The thickness of the basalt in this outlier is estimated at nearly 400 ft (~120 m), similar to New Germantown. The Jacksonwald Outlier is the only Watchung Outlier in Pennsylvania. It is located over 100 km southwest of the actual Watchung Mountains in Exeter Township . The outlier shares some similarity with

1209-408: The outlier is composed of an elongated arc of Orange Mountain Basalt. Lying within this arc and stratigraphically above it is a band of sedimentary rock from the Feltville Formation . Finally, lying within and above the band of sedimentary rock is a central area of Preakness Mountain Basalt which constitutes the portion of the outlier reduced by quarrying. The New Germantown Outlier (also known as

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1248-457: The sill becomes progressively differentiated as one moves away from either the upper or lower contact. The "sandwich horizon" is the term given to the central region where both cooling fronts met; it is here where the diabase is the most differentiated. The most intriguing geological feature of the sill is a 10-meter-thick olivine -rich zone roughly 10 meters (30 ft) from the lower contact. The modal percent of olivine goes from 0-2% within

1287-489: The sill was intruded at a depth of approximately 3-5 kilometers. These studies also concluded that the sill was emplaced in a position nearly identical to its current one (10-to-15-degree dip); this is further confirmed by the still-vertical orientation of the columnar jointing . It has been proposed that the Watchung basalt flows of the Watchung Mountains are extrusive eruptions of the same magma that created

1326-467: The smallest of the Watchung Outliers, being approximately one fourth of a mile wide and extending north to south for less than half a mile. The hill is composed of Orange Mountain Basalt, with no overlying Jurassic sediments apparent. Dikes branching south from the vicinity of the outlier appear to be connected to the intrusive igneous Sourland Mountain , an extension of the Palisades Sill . In this respect, Prospect Hill likely marks another location where

1365-463: The surface to form the Watchung flood basalts. Union Hill is located near the village of Suffern in Ramapo, New York , about three and a half miles north of the Watchung Mountains, or about halfway between the Ladentown Outlier and Campgaw Mountain. The hill, primarily composed of trap rock, originally rose 150 feet above the surrounding terrain, but extensive quarrying has since obliterated most of

1404-481: The town has a total area of 27.4 square miles (71.0 km ), of which 22.2 square miles (57.4 km ) is land and 5.3 square miles (13.6 km ), or 19.19%, is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 33,811 people, 11,255 households, and 8,328 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,508.3 inhabitants per square mile (582.4/km ). There were 11,553 housing units at an average density of 515.4 per square mile (199.0/km ). The racial makeup of

1443-469: The town was $ 22,188. About 8.1% of families and 10.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.8% of those under age 18 and 13.8% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2020 census, there were 39,087 people residing in the town. Haverstraw has a council form of government. The town supervisor is Howard T. Phillips Jr., and council members are Vincent Gamboli, John J. Gould, Hector L. Soto and Isidro "Papo" Cancel. The town's services include

1482-516: The town was 66.24% white , 10.27% black or African American , .41% Native American , 3.21% Asian , .10% Pacific Islander , 15.65% from other races , and 4.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 31.73% of the population. Haverstraw has one of largest Dominican communities in the United States with Dominicans making up 32.4% of the population There were 11,255 households, out of which 37.3% had children under

1521-577: Was partitioned in 1791 to form the town of Clarkstown and the town of Ramapo and again in 1865 to form the town of Stony Point . In 1826 the town was the site of a short-lived effort to establish an Owenite colony called the Franklin Community . Underfinanced and wracked by internal dissent, the model Owenite community folded after a mere five months of operation. According to the United States Census Bureau ,

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