Misplaced Pages

#105894

22-562: The union of the Waterton Lakes National Park and the Glacier National Park is attributed to a number of individuals throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Early proponents of a borderless international park include Canadian George "Kootenay" Brown , a long-time settler and first forest ranger-in-charge of Waterton, and American Albert Henry “Death-on-the-Trail” Reynolds, an early ranger of

44-471: A Blackfoot on his way to Fort Garry (now Winnipeg ), where he settled and became a whisky trader. Subsequent to that, he worked briefly for a company delivering mail to the United States Army until 1874, during which time he was captured and nearly killed by Sitting Bull in 1869. After a quarrel and gunfight at Fort Benton, Montana , with "celebrated hunter" Louis Ell , in which Ell

66-658: A fishery officer and in 1910, a forest ranger . He lived to see the reserve expanded into Waterton Lakes National Park , which became contiguous with Glacier National Park in Montana , in 1914. In 1869, Kootenay Brown married a local Métis woman and ultimately made a living bison hunting and wolfing . Kootenay Brown died in Waterton Lakes, Alberta , Canada and was buried alongside his two wives. The 1991 movie The Legend of Kootenai Brown starring Tom Burlinson , Raymond Burr and Donnelly Rhodes , provides

88-603: A loose portrayal of his life. The Kootenai Brown Pioneer Village in Pincher Creek , Alberta, is named after Kootenai Brown for his contribution to the history of the surrounding area. Kootenai Brown's cabin is also located on site. Cariboo Gold Rush The Cariboo Gold Rush was a gold rush in the Colony of British Columbia , which later became the Canadian province of British Columbia . The first gold discovery

110-899: The United States Senate in March 1932. The Canadian federal government decided to wait until after the United States government had passed a bill in order to act, and the Canadian bill was further delayed by protests of proponents of the International Peace Garden between Manitoba and North Dakota . Finally, John Stewart's Act respecting the Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park was passed by Parliament, and given royal assent on May 26, 1932. The union of

132-516: The Canadian side, is the only road border crossing within the Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park. It is one of only two on the US–Canada border that are closed in winter ( Poker Creek - Little Gold Creek Border Crossing is the other). [REDACTED] Media related to Waterton Glacier International Peace Park at Wikimedia Commons Kootenay Brown John George Brown (10 October 1839 – 18 July 1916), better known as "Kootenai" Brown ,

154-590: The Cariboo Road include Clinton, 100 Mile House and Williams Lake , although most had their beginnings before the Cariboo rush began. During the rush, the largest and most important town lay at the road's end at Barkerville, which had grown up around the most profitable and famous of the many Cariboo mining camps. The Cariboo Wagon Road was an immense infrastructure burden for the colony but needed to be built to enable access and bring governmental authority to

176-582: The Cariboo gold rush era were Keithley Creek , Quesnel Forks or simply "the Forks", Antler, Richfield , Quesnellemouthe (which would later be shortened to Quesnel ), Horsefly and, around the site of the Hudson's Bay Company's fort of the same name, Alexandria . The Cariboo Gold Rush is the most famous of the gold rushes in British Columbia , so much so that it is sometimes erroneously cited as

198-537: The Cariboo goldfields, which was necessary in order to maintain and assert control of the wealth, which might more easily have passed through the Interior to the United States. The wagon road's most important freight was the Gold Escort, which brought government bullion to Yale for shipment to the colonial treasury. Despite the wealth of the Cariboo goldfields, the expense of colonizing the Cariboo contributed to

220-862: The Fraser rush. The boom in the Cariboo goldfields was the impetus for the construction of the Cariboo Wagon Road by the Royal Engineers , which bypassed the older routes via the Fraser Canyon and the Lakes Route (Douglas Road) via Lillooet by using the canyon of the Thompson River to Ashcroft and from there via the valley of the Bonaparte River to join the older route from Lillooet at Clinton . Towns along

242-624: The Mainland Colony's virtual bankruptcy and its forced union with the Island Colony, and similarly into Confederation. A 1976 young adult novel, Cariboo Runaway , by Sandy Frances Duncan , is set in the Cariboo area during the Cariboo Gold Rush. "Cariboo Road" by Alan Sullivan - published 1946, is a fictional historical novel about a family that travels from San Francisco to seek gold near Williams Creek. The story

SECTION 10

#1732765000106

264-706: The ceremony and dedicating a cairn for conservation advocate Kootenay Brown. The two parks are administered separately and have separate entrance fees. In 2007, the International Dark-Sky Association named Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park the International Dark-Sky Park. The Chief Mountain Border Crossing, reached by Montana Highway 17 from the American side and by Alberta Highway 6 from

286-580: The first wave of the rush was largely American. By the time the Cariboo rush broke out there was more active interest in the Gold Colony (as British Columbia was often referred to) in the United Kingdom and Canada and there had also been time required for more British and Canadians to get there. The electorate of the Cariboo riding were among the most pro-Confederation in the colony, and this

308-744: The flood of prospectors joining the Cariboo Gold Rush in British Columbia, Canada. He proved unsuccessful as a prospector, turning to trapping and then briefly policing, serving as constable in Wild Horse Creek , a tributary of the Kootenay River in the East Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia (now gone). In 1865, he moved on, to Waterton Lakes , just east of the Kootenays, being wounded by

330-819: The northern portion of Glacier. The Cardston, Alberta , and Montana Rotary Clubs played a significant role in the park's establishment, holding a joint meeting at the Prince of Wales Hotel on July 4–5, 1931, which led to a resolution drafted by Samuel H. Middleton, calling on both groups to petition the proper authorities for the establishment of the Peace Park. An agreement was subsequently negotiated by Canadian Brigadier-General John Smith Stewart , Member of Parliament for Lethbridge , and American Congressman from Montana Scott Leavitt . The 72nd United States Congress passed An Act to establish Waterton Glacier International Peace Park on December 8, 1931, and be approved by

352-517: The parks was achieved through the efforts of Rotary International members from Alberta and Montana, on June 18, 1932, at Glacier Park Lodge . The dedication address was given by Sir Charles Arthur Mander , 2nd Baronet . The ceremony for the Canadian side was delayed by the Great Depression , and finally took place in July 1936, with Lieutenant Governor of Alberta William L. Walsh overseeing

374-570: The population that came for the Cariboo rush stayed on as permanent settlers, taking up land in various parts of the Interior in the 1860s and after, that wasn't the general rule for those involved in the Fraser rush. Many veterans of the Cariboo would spread out to explore the rest of the province, in particular triggering the Omineca and Cassiar Gold Rushes , just as the Cariboo itself had been found by miners seeking out in search of new finds from

396-491: The reason for the creation of the Colony of British Columbia . The Colony's creation had been prompted by an influx of American prospectors to the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush three years earlier in 1858, which had its locus in the area from Lillooet to Yale . Unlike its southern counterpart, the population of the Cariboo Gold Rush was largely British and Canadian , among them 4000 were Chinese, although

418-590: Was an Irish-born Canadian soldier, prospector, trader, guide, forest ranger, and conservation advocate. John George Brown was born and educated in Ennistymon , County Clare, Ireland. Brown was commissioned as a British Army officer in 1857 "without purchase" (a reference to the practice then common of purchasing officers' commissions ), joining the 8th Regiment as an ensign . After serving in India from 1858 to 1859, in 1862 he sold his commission and joined

440-682: Was in no small part because of the strong Canadian element in the local populace. One reason the Cariboo rush attracted fewer Americans than the original Fraser rush may have been the American Civil War , with many who had been around after the Fraser Gold Rush going home to take sides, or to the Fort Colville Gold Rush which was largely manned by men who had been on the Fraser or to other BC rushes such as those at Rock Creek and Big Bend . While some of

462-633: Was killed, and subsequent trial and acquittal by a territorial jury, Brown returned to his beloved Kootenay , where he settled, building a reputation as a guide and packer. In the North West Rebellion , he acted as chief scout to the Rocky Mountain Rangers . Always arguing vigorously for the region's preservation, after the Kootenay Lakes Forest Reserve was established in 1895, Brown became

SECTION 20

#1732765000106

484-522: Was made at Hills Bar in 1858, followed by more strikes in 1859 on the Horsefly River , and on Keithley Creek and Antler Creek in 1860. The actual rush did not begin until 1861, when these discoveries were widely publicized. By 1865, following the strikes along Williams Creek , the rush was in full swing. Towns grew up, the most famous of these being Barkerville , now preserved as a heritage site and tourist attraction. Other important towns of

#105894