Wattle Day is a day of celebration in Australia on the first day of September each year, which is the start of the Australian spring. This is the time when many Acacia species (commonly called wattles in Australia), are in flower. So, people wear a sprig of the flowers and leaves to celebrate the day.
88-613: Although the national floral emblem of Australia is a particular species, named the golden wattle ( Acacia pycnantha ), any acacia can be worn to celebrate the day. The day was originally intended to promote patriotism for the new nation of Australia: "Wattle Days emerged to prominence in Australia in the early years of the federated nation. They took on some of the national and civic responsibilities for children that [the more formal] Australia Day could not." - Libby Robin On 1 December 1838,
176-406: A self-governing Crown colony with responsible government . Brisbane was selected as the capital city. On 10 December 1859, a proclamation was read by George Bowen , the first Governor of Queensland , formally establishing Queensland as a separate colony from New South Wales. On 22 May 1860 the first Queensland election was held and Robert Herbert , Bowen's private secretary, was appointed as
264-467: A campaign to have both gazetted. With the aid of ABC's Ian McNamara , whose Sunday morning national program Australia All Over focuses on all things Australian, the message went out resulting in hundreds of letters of support being sent to the prime minister. The campaign was not progressing until Hitchcock met with Senator Graham Richardson at a Labor Party event in Armidale. Soon after the decision
352-597: A force of settlers and native police at Battle Mountain near modern Cloncurry . The subsequent battle of Battle Mountain ended in disaster for the Kalkadoon, who suffered heavy losses. Fighting continued in North Queensland , however, with First Nations raiders attacking sheep and cattle while Native Police mounted heavy retaliatory massacres. Tens of thousands of South Sea Islanders were kidnapped from islands nearby to Australia and sold as slaves to work on
440-569: A great rush to take up the surrounding land in the Darling Downs , Logan and Brisbane Valley and South Burnett onwards from 1840, in many cases leading to widespread fighting and heavy loss of life. The conflict later spread north to the Wide Bay and Burnett River and Hervey Bay region, and at one stage the settlement of Maryborough was virtually under siege. The largest reasonably well-documented massacres in southeast Queensland were
528-619: A leading ornithologist and field naturalist with a particular passion for Australian wattles, of which there are more than 1,000 species. For several years the club organised bush outings on the first day in September specifically for the appreciation of wattles in their natural setting. Campbell was an active member of the Field Naturalists Club of Victoria . Their 1904 outing went to the You Yangs and in 1906 they went to
616-499: A more diverse meaning in Slovenian culture. First meaning comes from French and Russian revolutionaries and symbolises revolution and workers. Red carnations also symbolise love and courtship. In folksongs and folk traditions, when young men in the country villages were calling girls in the night under their windows and serenading them, receiving a red carnation bouquet meant, that the serenaded girl accepted their courtship. Finally, at
704-615: A national day on which to celebrate the wattle blossom. In 1910 the League settled on "Wattle Day" as 1 September, and approached Sowden to form a branch of the League in South Australia. Campbell and A. K. Warner founded a branch in Melbourne. It was taken up, and there were celebrations in 1910 in three state capital cities: Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide, although the Melbourne event was a muted affair due to heavy rain. The day
792-502: A new distinct species. The national flower of Brunei is Simpoh Ayer ( Dillenia suffruticosa ). Cambodia formally adopted the romduol ( Khmer : រំដួល ) as its national flower in the year 2005 by a royal decree. The royal decree designates the taxon as Mitrella mesnyi , however, this is a taxonomically illegitimate synonym for Sphaerocoryne affinis , which does not occur in Cambodia. The accepted species name for romduol
880-595: A population of half a million people. Since then, Queensland has remained a federated state within Australia, and its population has significantly grown. In 1905 women voted in state elections for the first time. The state's first university, the University of Queensland , was established in Brisbane in 1909. In 1911, the first alternative treatments for polio were pioneered in Queensland and remain in use across
968-478: A process known as blackbirding or press-ganging, and their employment conditions constituted an allegedly exploitative form of indentured labour. Italian immigrants entered the sugar cane industry from the 1890s. During the 1890s, the six Australian colonies, including Queensland, held a series of referendums which culminated in the Federation of Australia on 1 January 1901. During this time, Queensland had
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#17327836542321056-575: Is Hibiscus syriacus . Known in South Korea as mugunghwa ( Korean : 무궁화), the flower's symbolism relates to the Korean word mugung , which means "eternity" or "inexhaustible abundance". Despite being made the national flower officially after Korea regained its independence from Japan, mugunghwa has been associated with Korean culture for many centuries, with the Silla kingdom having called itself
1144-505: Is Natalie's ramonda ( Ramonda nathaliae ). It is considered a symbol of Serbia's struggle and victory in World War I , with country suffering the largest casualty rate relative to its population. To commemorate Serbian soldiers who died in war as well as the resurrection of the country after the devastating war, people wear artificial Natalie's ramonda as a symbol of remembrance, especially during week leading up to Armistice Day , which
1232-540: Is Sphaerocoryne lefevrei . The symbolic flower of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong orchid tree ("洋紫荊"), Bauhinia blakeana . The lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera ) is the national flower of India. It is a sacred flower in the art and mythology of ancient India. There are three types of floral emblems used to symbolize Indonesia : All three were chosen on World Environment Day in 1990, and enforced by law through Presidential Decree ( Keputusan Presiden ) No. 4 1993, On
1320-544: Is edelweiss ( Leontopodium nivale ). The flower of the strawberry tree ( Arbutus unedo ) is the national flower of Italy. The strawberry tree is also the national tree of Italy because of its green leaves, its white flowers and its red berries, colors that recall the Italian flag . While most people believe it to be the tulip , the actual national flower of the Netherlands is the daisy ( Bellis perennis ). It
1408-488: Is Australia's national floral emblem, but in addition each Australian state has its own floral emblem . While different to the national significance of Australia's Wattle Day, other countries have separate events related to wattle trees where they have been introduced from Australia. Since 1931, the French town of Mandelieu-la-Napoule has celebrated the local flowering of wattles known as mimosa ( Acacia dealbata ) with
1496-746: Is a state in northeastern Australia , and is the second-largest and third-most populous of the Australian states. It is bordered by the Northern Territory , South Australia and New South Wales to the west, south-west and south, respectively. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and the Pacific Ocean ; to the state's north is the Torres Strait , separating the Australian mainland from Papua New Guinea , and
1584-733: Is a common adornment on religious images. Sampaguita in the Filipino language is a direct loan word from the Indian sanskrit word "campaka". Plants of some species of flowers like Sampaguita, fruits like mango and nangka , vegetables like ampalaya , patola , malunggay , name of Philippine's pre-Christian chief god Bathala (from sanskrit Bhattara Guru ), came from India during pre-Spanish Indianised trade and influences . Among strong traces of continuity of Hindu influence in Philippines are placing of Sampaguita garland around
1672-468: Is a public holiday. The national flower of Slovenia is a carnation . It is traditionally present at all significant moments of someone's life. White carnations can be traditionally present at Slovenian christenings and at Slovenian weddings, where the bride has a white carnation flower stuck in her hair and the groom wears a white carnation pinned to his breast pocket or buttonhole. While white carnation represents happiness and celebration, red carnation has
1760-563: Is a source of pride for Slovenian homes. This can be observed throughout Slovenia, most prominently in Gorenjska and Štajerska regions. The national flower of Sweden is Campanula rotundifolia . It won a public vote in 2021. The national flower of Switzerland is edelweiss ( Leontopodium nivale ). The national flower of Turkey is the tulip . Queensland Queensland ( locally / ˈ k w iː n z l æ n d / KWEENZ -land , commonly abbreviated as Qld )
1848-487: Is home to the Torres Strait Islander peoples . Torres Strait Islanders are ethnically and culturally distinct from mainland Aboriginal peoples. They have a long history of interaction with both Aboriginal peoples of what is now Australia and the peoples of New Guinea . In February 1606, Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon landed near the site of what is now Weipa , on the western shore of Cape York . This
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#17327836542321936-652: Is the Tulip . It is called Lala (لاله) in the Farsi language and Khatol in the Pashto language . The national flower of Bangladesh is the water lily Nymphaea nouchali . It is called Shapla (শাপলা) in the Bengali language . The national flower of Bhutan is the blue poppy. Previously misidentified as the non-native Meconopsis grandis , national flower of Bhutan was identified in 2017 as Meconopsis gakyidiana ,
2024-565: Is the chrysanthemum , which has been a symbol of the Imperial House of Japan , and featured on the Imperial Seal since at least 1183. The national flower of Jordan is black iris (Iris nigricans) . The national flower of Laos is the plumeria ( champa ), despite it no longer being endemic. The national flower of Malaysia is the bunga raya (Chinese hibiscus, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis ). The national flower of
2112-456: Is the Korean mountain magnolia ( Magnolia sieboldii , Korean : 목란/ 木蘭 mongnan ). The national flower of Pakistan is common jasmine also known as Jasminum officinale. The Philippines adopted the sampaguita (Arabian jasmine, Jasminum sambac ) in 1934 as its national flower because it symbolizes purity and cleanliness due to its color and sweet smell. It is popularly strung into garlands presented to visitors and dignitaries and
2200-582: The 138th meridian east , and to the southwest by northeastern South Australia . The state's southern border with New South Wales is constituted in the east by the watershed from Point Danger to the Dumaresq River , and the Dumaresq, Macintyre and Barwon rivers. The west of the southern border is defined by the 29th parallel south (including some minor historical encroachments ) until it reaches South Australia. Like much of eastern Australia,
2288-625: The Australian frontier wars of the 19th century, colonists killed tens of thousands of Aboriginal people in Queensland while consolidating their control over the territory. On 6 June 1859 (now commemorated as Queensland Day ), Queen Victoria signed the letters patent to establish the colony of Queensland, separating it from New South Wales and thereby establishing Queensland as a self-governing Crown colony with responsible government . A large part of colonial Queensland's economy relied on blackbirded South Sea Islander slavery. Queensland
2376-524: The Brisbane River . He returned in 1824 and established a penal settlement at what is now Redcliffe . The settlement, initially known as Edenglassie , was then transferred to the current location of the Brisbane city centre . Edmund Lockyer discovered outcrops of coal along the banks of the upper Brisbane River in 1825. In 1839 transportation of convicts was ceased, culminating in the closure of
2464-630: The Gayiri Aboriginal people in response. Frontier violence peaked on the northern mining frontier during the 1870s, most notably in Cook district and on the Palmer and Hodgkinson River goldfields, with heavy loss of Aboriginal lives and several well-known massacres. Raids conducted by the Kalkadoon held settlers out of Western Queensland for ten years until September 1884 when they attacked
2552-610: The Great Dividing Range runs roughly parallel with, and inland from, the coast, and areas west of the range are more arid than the humid coastal regions. The Great Barrier Reef , which is the world's largest coral reef system, runs parallel to the state's Coral Sea coast between the Torres Strait and K'gari (Fraser Island) . Queensland's coastline includes the world's three largest sand islands: K'gari (Fraser Island) , Moreton , and North Stradbroke . The state contains six World Heritage -listed preservation areas:
2640-542: The Gulf of Carpentaria to the north-west. With an area of 1,723,030 square kilometres (665,270 sq mi), Queensland is the world's sixth-largest subnational entity ; it is larger than all but 16 countries . Due to its size, Queensland's geographical features and climates are diverse, and include tropical rainforests , rivers , coral reefs , mountain ranges and white sandy beaches in its tropical and sub-tropical coastal regions, as well as deserts and savanna in
2728-579: The Kilcoy and Whiteside poisonings, each of which was said to have taken up to 70 Aboriginal lives by use of a gift of flour laced with strychnine . At the Battle of One Tree Hill in September 1843, Multuggerah and his group of warriors ambushed one group of settlers, routing them and subsequently others in the skirmishes which followed, starting in retaliation for the Kilcoy poisoning. Central Queensland
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2816-657: The Kingdom of Great Britain on 22 August 1770 at Possession Island , naming eastern Australia, including Queensland, New South Wales . The Aboriginal population declined significantly after a smallpox epidemic during the late 18th century and massacres by the European settlers. In 1823, John Oxley , a British explorer, sailed north from what is now Sydney to scout possible penal colony sites in Gladstone (then Port Curtis ) and Moreton Bay . At Moreton Bay, he found
2904-456: The Maldives is the pink polyantha rose ( Rosa polyantha ), called fiyaathoshi finifenmaa . The national flower of Mongolia is Scabiosa comosa ( Mongolian : бэр цэцэг , ber tsetseg ). The national flower of Myanmar is Pterocarpus indicus ( paduak ). The national flower of Nepal is the tree rhododendron ( Rhododendron arboreum ). The national flower of North Korea
2992-531: The Seychelles is the tropicbird orchid (known locally as orkid payanke ), Angraecum eburneum . The national flower of South Africa is the King Protea , Protea cynaroides . The national flower of Tunisia is jasmine . It was chosen as a symbol for the 2010 Tunisian Revolution . The national flower of Zimbabwe is the flame lily, Gloriosa superba . The national flower of Afghanistan
3080-553: The Sunshine Coast , Townsville , Cairns , Ipswich , and Toowoomba . 24.2% of the state's population were born overseas . The state has the highest inter-state net migration in Australia. Queensland was first inhabited by Aboriginal Australians , with the Torres Strait Islands inhabited by Torres Strait Islanders . Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon , the first European to land in Australia, explored
3168-601: The Sunshine State for its tropical and sub-tropical climates, Great Barrier Reef , and numerous beaches, tourism is also important to the state's economy. Queensland was one of the largest regions of pre-colonial Aboriginal population in Australia. The Aboriginal occupation of Queensland is thought to predate 50,000 BC, and early migrants are believed to have arrived via boat or land bridge across Torres Strait . Through time, their descendants developed into more than 90 different language and cultural groups. During
3256-414: The Torres Strait to the north, with Boigu Island off the coast of New Guinea representing the northern extreme of its territory. The triangular Cape York Peninsula , which points toward New Guinea, is the northernmost part of the state's mainland. West of the peninsula's tip, northern Queensland is bordered by the Gulf of Carpentaria . To the west, Queensland is bordered by the Northern Territory , at
3344-677: The Werribee Gorge . The first suggestion of a dedicated Wattle Day was made by Campbell during a speech in September 1908. The Wattle Day League was formed on 13 September 1909 at the Elizabeth Street, Sydney headquarters of the Royal Society , with J. H. Maiden , director of the Sydney Botanic Gardens as president. Its purpose was to present to the various state governments a unified proposal for
3432-643: The White Australia policy came into effect, which saw most foreign workers in Australia deported under the Pacific Island Labourers Act 1901 , which saw the Pacific Islander population of the state decrease rapidly. A public meeting was held in 1851 to consider the proposed separation of Queensland from New South Wales. On 6 June 1859, Queen Victoria signed letters patent to form the separate colony of Queensland as
3520-482: The White Australia policy in 1973 saw the beginning of a wave of immigration from around the world, and most prominently from Asia, which continues to the present. In 1981 the Great Barrier Reef off Queensland's northeast coast, one of the world's largest coral reef systems, was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site . In 2003 Queensland adopted maroon as the state's official colour. The announcement
3608-534: The semi-arid and desert climatic regions of its interior . Queensland has a population of over 5.5 million, concentrated along the east coast, particularly in South East Queensland . The capital and largest city in the state is Brisbane , Australia's third-largest city . Ten of Australia's thirty largest cities are located in Queensland, the largest outside Brisbane being the Gold Coast ,
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3696-847: The "Country of the Mugunghwa" (Korean: 근화향, Romanized: Geunhwahyang ). The national flower of Sri Lanka is Nil mānel (නිල් මානෙල්), the blue-star water-lily ( Nymphaea stellata ). Although nil means "blue" in Sinhala , the Sinhalese name of this plant is often rendered as "water-lily" in English. This beautiful aquatic flower appears in the Sigiriya frescoes and has been mentioned in ancient Sanskrit , Pali and Sinhala literary works. Buddhist lore in Sri Lanka claims that this flower
3784-654: The 34 provinces of Indonesia also has a native plant as its provincial flower . The national flower of Iran is the water lily which is also called nymphaea ( Niloofare Abi , in Persian ). The flower is the national flower of Iran since the Achaemenid Empire era (552 BC). The national flower of Israel is the poppy anemone ( Anemone coronaria ; calanit metzuya in Hebrew ), chosen in 2013 to replace Cyclamen persicum . The national flower of Japan
3872-653: The Brisbane penal settlement. In 1842 free settlement, which had already commenced, was officially permitted. In 1847, the Port of Maryborough was opened as a wool port. While most early immigrants came from New South Wales, the first free immigrant ship to arrive in Moreton Bay from Europe was the Artemisia , in 1848. Earlier than this immigrant ship was the arrival of the Irish famine orphan girls to Queensland. Devised by
3960-604: The Feisty Colleens, never set foot on Sydney soil, and instead sailed up to Brisbane (then Moreton Bay) on 21 October 1848 on board the Ann Mary . This scheme continued until 1852. In 1857, Queensland's first lighthouse was built at Cape Moreton . The frontier wars fought between European settlers and Aboriginal tribes in Queensland were the bloodiest and most brutal in colonial Australia. Many of these conflicts are now seen as acts of genocide. The wars featured
4048-1077: The Great Barrier Reef along the Coral Sea coast, K'gari (Fraser Island) on the Wide Bay–Burnett region's coastline, the wet tropics in Far North Queensland including the Daintree Rainforest , Lamington National Park in South East Queensland , the Riversleigh fossil sites in North West Queensland , and the Gondwana Rainforests in South East Queensland. The state is divided into several unofficial regions which are commonly used to refer to large areas of
4136-468: The Native Police between 1859 and 1897. The military force of the Queensland Government in this war was the Native Police , who operated from 1849 to the 1920s. The Native Police was a body of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander troopers that operated under the command of white officers. The Native Police were often recruited forcefully from far-away communities. Conflict spread quickly with free settlement in 1838, with settlement rapidly expanding in
4224-510: The November-flowering black wattle ( Acacia mearnsii ) was substituted for the regatta. The custom of wearing a sprig of wattle at the regatta persisted until at least 1883. The theme of wattle in literature, poetry and song took off from the 1860s to the early 1900s. When Adam Lindsay Gordon died in 1870 he was buried "where the wattle blossoms wave" - a quotation from his poem "The sick Stockrider". There were wattle waltzes and you could drink Foster's Wattle beer. A "Wattle Blossom League"
4312-408: The age of sixteen. In total, approximately 15,000 South Sea Islander slaves died while working in Queensland, a figure which does not include those who died in transit or who were killed in the recruitment process. This represents a mortality rate of at least 30%, which is high considering most were only on three year contracts. It is also similar to the estimated 33% death rate of enslaved Africans in
4400-400: The closure of the state borders. With a total area of 1,729,742 square kilometres (715,309 square miles), Queensland is an expansive state with a highly diverse range of climates and geographical features. If Queensland were an independent nation, it would be the world's 16th largest. Queensland's eastern coastline borders the Coral Sea , an arm of the Pacific Ocean. The state is bordered by
4488-480: The colony's agricultural plantations through a process known as blackbirding . This trade in what were then known as Kanakas was in operation from 1863 to 1908, a period of 45 years. Some 55,000 to 62,500 were brought to Australia, most being recruited or blackbirded from islands in Melanesia , such as the New Hebrides (now Vanuatu ), the Solomon Islands and the islands around New Guinea . The majority of those taken were male and around one quarter were under
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#17327836542324576-536: The eight-day Fête du Mimosa during their winter in February. Starting in 1946 in Italy, yellow mimosa flowers hold significance as a symbol during International Women's Day . Floral emblem In a number of countries, plants have been chosen as symbols to represent specific geographic areas. Some countries have a country-wide floral emblem ; others in addition have symbols representing subdivisions. Different processes have been used to adopt these symbols – some are conferred by government bodies, whereas others are
4664-409: The first Hobart Town Anniversary Regatta was held in Hobart , Tasmania to celebrate the anniversary of the 17th-century European discovery of the island by Dutch explorer Abel Tasman , who made the first reported European sighting of the island on 24 November 1642. It was estimated between 5000 and 6000 people attended. On 10 August 1853 in Launceston, during "Cessation of Transportation Celebrations"
4752-407: The first Premier of Queensland . In 1865, the first rail line in the state opened between Ipswich and Grandchester . Queensland's economy expanded rapidly in 1867 after James Nash discovered gold on the Mary River near the town of Gympie , sparking a gold rush and saving the State of Freddy-Mercury-land from near economic collapse. While still significant, they were on a much smaller scale than
4840-414: The first commercial production of oil in Queensland and Australia began at Moonie . During World War II Brisbane became central to the Allied campaign when the AMP Building (now called MacArthur Central ) was used as the South West Pacific headquarters for General Douglas MacArthur , chief of the Allied Pacific forces, until his headquarters were moved to Hollandia in August 1944. In 1942, during
4928-458: The first three years of being taken to America. The trade was legally sanctioned and regulated under Queensland law, and prominent men such as Robert Towns made massive fortunes off of exploitation of slave labour, helping to establish some of the major cities in Queensland today. Towns' agent claimed that blackbirded labourers were "savages who did not know the use of money" and therefore did not deserve cash wages. Following Federation in 1901,
5016-482: The funeral of a loved one, their acquaintances, friends and family bid a final farewell to the deceased by each throwing a red carnation into the open grave. Furthermore, carnations often appear embroidered on tablecloths, handkerchiefs, blouses, bed linen, lace and on parts of Slovenian national costume, such as skirts, trouser legs and traditional headwear, especially avba . Additionally, carnations are often flowers hanging from flowerbeds on balconies and windows, which
5104-407: The goal was finally achieved. Hitchcock bundled all the letters together and sent them to Canberra requesting gazettal of National Wattle Day for 1 September each year. On 23 June 1992, Governor-General Bill Hayden declared that "1 September in each year shall be observed as 'National Wattle Day' throughout Australia and in the external Territories of Australia". In 1998, the Wattle Day Association
5192-422: The gold rushes of Victoria and New South Wales. Immigration to Australia and Queensland, in particular, began in the 1850s to support the state economy. During the period from the 1860s until the early 20th century, many labourers, known at the time as Kanakas , were brought to Queensland from neighbouring Pacific Island nations to work in the state's sugar cane fields. Some of these people had been kidnapped under
5280-404: The golden wattle ( Acacia pycnantha ) was officially proclaimed as Australia's national floral emblem by the Governor-General of Australia, Sir Ninian Stephen . A formal ceremony was held in the National Botanic Gardens on 1 September, at which Maria Hitchcock was a guest of the government. Specimens of Acacia pycnantha were planted near the entry. In 1986 Maria Hitchcock of Armidale NSW began
5368-449: The groom's kris is often adorned with a lock of jasmine. However, jasmine is also often used as a floral offering for spirits and deities, and also often present during funerals, which has caused it to be seen as having mystical and sacred properties. Moon orchid was chosen for its beauty, while the other two rare flowers, Rafflesia arnoldii and Titan arum , were chosen to demonstrate uniqueness and Indonesia's rich biodiversity. Each of
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#17327836542325456-435: The harshest winters. The triple grouping of stamens represents Dr. Sun Yat-sen 's Three Principles of the People , while the five petals symbolize the five branches of the government. The national flower of Thailand is the Golden Shower Tree ( Cassia fistula ), locally known as dok khuen or rachapruek . The national flower of Vietnam is the lotus flower (Nelumbo nucifera) . The national flower of Austria
5544-424: The last ice age , Queensland's landscape became more arid and largely desolate, making food and other supplies scarce. The people developed the world's first seed-grinding technology. The end of the glacial period brought about a warming climate, making the land more hospitable. It brought high rainfall along the eastern coast, stimulating the growth of the state's tropical rainforests. The Torres Strait Islands
5632-490: The later decades of the 20th century, the humid subtropical climate —regulated by the availability of air conditioning—saw Queensland become a popular destination for migrants from interstate. Since that time, Queensland has continuously seen high levels of migration from the other states and territories of Australia. In 1966, Lyndon B. Johnson became the first U.S. president to visit Queensland. During his visit, he met with Australia prime minister Harold Holt . The end of
5720-452: The most frequent massacres of First Nations people, the three deadliest massacres on white settlers, the most disreputable frontier police force, and the highest number of white victims to frontier violence on record in any Australian colony. Across at least 644 collisions at least 66,680 were killed — with Aboriginal fatalities alone comprising no less than 65,180. Of these deaths, around 24,000 Aboriginal men, women and children were killed by
5808-495: The neck of visitors to show hospitality and friendship, throwing the rice over bride and groom for prosperity, performing paninilbihan , paying dowry, visiting a shrine to pray for fertility, etc. The national flower of Saudi Arabia is Taif’s Rose (Rosa × damascena) . The national flower of Singapore is a hybrid orchid cultivar known as the Singapore orchid or Vanda Miss Joaquim ( Papilionanthe teres × Papilionanthe hookeriana ). The national flower of South Korea
5896-399: The only Australian state with a unicameral parliament . In 1935 cane toads were deliberately introduced to Queensland from Hawaii in an unsuccessful attempt to reduce the number of French's cane and greyback cane beetles that were destroying the roots of sugar cane plants, which are integral to Queensland's economy. The toads have remained an environmental pest since that time. In 1962,
5984-451: The other occasion, bunga bangkai ( Titan arum ) was also added as puspa langka together with rafflesia . Melati ( Jasminum sambac ), a small white flower with sweet fragrance, has long been considered a sacred flower in Indonesian tradition , as it symbolizes purity, sacredness, graceful simplicity and sincerity. For example, on her wedding day, a traditional Indonesian bride's hair is often adorned with arrangements of jasmine, while
6072-402: The procession marched under a triumphal arch decorated with wattle blossom. It was suggested that for future regattas, the event should be celebrated by the wearing of a sprig of silver wattle blossom ( Acacia dealbata ) tied with British Navy blue ribbon. The proposal attracted some ridicule as the silver wattle blooms in August and September and would be unobtainable in November. As a result,
6160-399: The result of informal public polls. The term floral emblem, which refers to flowers specifically, is primarily used in Australia and Canada. In the United States, the term state flower is more often used. The national flower of Mauritius is Ruizia boutoniana . The national flower of Nigeria is Costus spectabilis which is commonly known as Yellow Trumpet. The national flower of
6248-439: The then British Secretary of State for the Colonies, The Earl Grey Scheme established a special emigration scheme which was designed to resettle destitute girls from the workhouses of Ireland during the Great Famine. The first ship, the "Earl Grey", departed Ireland for a 124-day sail to Sydney. After controversy developed upon their arrival in Australia, a small group of 37 young orphans, sometimes referred to as The Belfast Girls or
6336-428: The war, Brisbane was the site of a violent clash between visiting US military personnel and Australian servicemen and civilians, which resulted in one death and hundreds of injuries. This incident became known colloquially as the Battle of Brisbane . The end of World War II saw a wave of immigration from across Europe, with many more immigrants coming from southern and eastern Europe than in previous decades. In
6424-555: The west coast of the Cape York Peninsula in 1606. In 1770, James Cook claimed the east coast of Australia for the Kingdom of Great Britain . In 1788, Arthur Phillip founded the colony of New South Wales, which included all of what is now Queensland. Queensland was explored in subsequent decades, and the Moreton Bay Penal Settlement was established at Brisbane in 1824 by John Oxley . During
6512-603: The world today. World War I had a major impact on Queensland . Over 58,000 Queenslanders fought in World War I and over 10,000 of them died. Australia's first major airline, Qantas (originally standing for "Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services"), was founded in Winton in 1920 to serve outback Queensland. In 1922 Queensland abolished the Queensland Legislative Council , becoming
6600-532: Was "to promote a national patriotic sentiment among the women of Australia". The last monthly meeting of the Wattle Blossom League was held at Beach's Rooms on 1 June 1893. The push for the recognition of the nation-wide use of wattle as a symbol of the first day of spring was given momentum by the formation in 1899 of the "Wattle Club" in Victoria. It was initiated by Archibald James Campbell ,
6688-587: Was among the six colonies which became the founding states of Australia with Federation on 1 January 1901. Since the Bjelke-Petersen era of the late 20th century, Queensland has received a high level of internal migration from the other states and territories of Australia and remains a popular destination for interstate migration. Queensland has the third-largest economy among Australian states, with strengths in mining, agriculture, transportation, international education , insurance, and banking. Nicknamed
6776-484: Was elected in a public vote in 2023. The national flower of North Macedonia is the poppy . Portugal does not officially have a national flower, though the lavender is commonly cited. The carnation ( Dianthus caryophyllus ) is also a symbol of the nation's triumph against the authoritarian far-right Estado Novo dictatorship, known as the Carnation Revolution . The national flower of Serbia
6864-568: Was established to promote National Wattle Day. 2010 marked the centenary of the celebration of Wattle Day on 1 September 1910 in NSW, Victoria and South Australia, and Australian Geographic magazine was amongst those who urged the public not to miss the chance to celebrate it again. With the controversy over 26 January as Australia Day , in light of the historic treatment of Indigenous people, some Australians have been proposing Wattle Day as an alternative for national celebrations. The golden wattle
6952-599: Was inaugurated by W. J. Sowden and the South Australian chapter of the Australian Natives' Association in 1890 as a women's branch of the Association. The aim of the Wattle Blossom League was to "encourage Australian literature and music". Members should "at all suitable public assemblies wear a spray of wattle blossom either real or artificial, as a distinctive badge". Another aim of the league
7040-499: Was incorporated as an accessory in the design of the coat of arms of Australia in 1912. Following the outbreak of World War 1 all attempts to gazette the emblem or Wattle Day were put aside. There was some confusion in New South Wales over the date. In 1916, NSW changed its date for Wattle Day to 1 August, so that the indigenous, early-flowering Cootamundra wattle ( Acacia baileyana ) could be used. The Cootamundra wattle
7128-575: Was made as a result of an informal tradition to use maroon to represent the state in association with sporting events. After three decades of record population growth, Queensland was impacted by major floods between late 2010 and early 2011 , causing extensive damage and disruption across the state. In 2020 Queensland was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic . Despite a low number and abrupt decline in cases from April 2020 onward, social distancing requirements were implemented from March 2020 including
7216-584: Was made to gazette the emblem at a special ceremony in Canberra at the Australian National Botanic Gardens on 1 September. At that ceremony Hitchcock was told by Senator Ray that she would have to personally gain letters of approval for the gazettal of National Wattle Day from each premier and chief minister. Once again enlisting the aid of McNamara and his listeners, a new campaign of letter writing began. It took three years but
7304-455: Was often recited on past Wattle Days: I dreamed of a sunny country last night, a golden dream Of wattles down the gully, and of gum trees by the stream; Of dancing haze and sides of blue, no other land can show Save this, our sunny country, where the golden wattles grow. On 19 August 1988, as part of events to mark the 200th anniversary of the arrival of First Fleet in Sydney in 1788,
7392-552: Was one of the 108 auspicious signs found on Prince Siddhartha 's footprint. The national flower of the Republic of China was officially designated as the plum blossom by the Executive Yuan on 21 July 1964. The plum blossom, known as the meihua ( Chinese : 梅花 ; pinyin : méihuā ), is a symbol of resilience and perseverance in the face of adversity, because plum trees often bloom most vibrantly even during
7480-565: Was particularly hard hit during the 1860s and 1870s, several contemporary writers mention the Skull Hole, Bladensburg, or Mistake Creek massacre on Bladensburg Station near Winton , which in 1901 was said to have taken up to 200 Aboriginal lives. First Nations warriors killed 19 settlers during the Cullin-La-Ringo massacre on 17 October 1861. In the weeks afterwards, police, native police and civilians killed up to 370 members of
7568-653: Was planted all over Sydney and when the Red Cross called for sprigs of wattle to sell in Martin Place for the war effort, this species had mostly finished flowering. The League was granted a temporary change. Schools in NSW continued to use 1 August as the date for Wattle Day and there was some resistance to 1 September despite the association with spring. That resistance now appears to have almost disappeared. Among other poetry, Scottish-Australian poet and bush balladeer William Henry Ogilvie wrote "Sunny country", which
7656-547: Was significant in being the first organised demonstration on a definite day across a number of states ever witnessed in Australia. On 1 September 1911 Adelaide was described as a city "decked with gold". In 1913, the national Wattle Day League (or Federation) was established to formalise the organisation of events for the celebration of Wattle Day. Queensland followed in 1913. Sydney celebrated that year by planting 200 wattle trees in Centennial Park . The Golden Wattle
7744-556: Was the first recorded landing of a European in Australia , and it also marked the first reported contact between Europeans and the Aboriginal people of Australia . The region was also explored by French and Spanish explorers (commanded by Louis Antoine de Bougainville and Luís Vaez de Torres , respectively) before the arrival of Lieutenant James Cook in 1770. Cook claimed the east coast under instruction from King George III of
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