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39-520: The Waverly Hills Sanatorium is a former sanatorium located in the Waverly Hills neighborhood of Louisville , Kentucky . In the early 1900s, Jefferson County was ravaged by an outbreak of tuberculosis – known as the "White Plague" – which prompted the construction of a new hospital. The Sanatorium opened in 1910 as a two-story facility able to accommodate between 40 and 50 tuberculosis patients. The hospital closed in 1961, due to

78-539: A mecca for curiosity seekers who believe it is haunted. Because of its dry climate, Colorado Springs was home to several sanatoria . A. G. Holley Hospital in Lantana, Florida , was the last remaining freestanding tuberculosis sanatorium in the United States until it closed on July 2, 2012. In 1907, Stannington Sanatorium was opened in the northeast of England to treat tuberculosis in children. The sanatorium

117-628: A distinction should be made between the health resorts with which people were familiar and the new tuberculosis treatment hospitals: "So they decided to use a new word which instead of being derived from the Latin noun sanitas , meaning health, would emphasize the need for scientific healing or treatment. Accordingly, they took the Latin verb root sano , meaning to heal, and adopted the new word sanatorium." Switzerland used to have many sanatoria, as health professionals believed that clean, cold mountain air

156-608: A graduate student at Rutgers University , discovered streptomycin , an antibiotic and the first cure for tuberculosis, sanatoria began to close. As in the case of the Paimio Sanatorium, many were transformed into general hospitals. By the 1950s, tuberculosis was no longer a major public health threat in the developed world; it was controlled by antibiotics rather than extended rest. Most sanatoria had been demolished years before. Some, however, have been adapted for new medical roles. The Tambaram Sanatorium in south India

195-402: A local school for his daughters to attend. He started a one-room schoolhouse on Pages Lane and hired Lizzie Lee Harris as the teacher. Due to Miss Harris' fondness for Walter Scott 's Waverley novels , she named the schoolhouse Waverley School. Major Hays liked the peaceful-sounding name, so he named his property Waverley Hill. The Board of Tuberculosis Hospital kept the name when they bought

234-527: A new county: These regulations have reined in the proliferation of counties in Kentucky. Since the 1891 Constitution, only McCreary County has been legally created, in 1912. The General Assembly's creation of Beckham County in 1904 was ruled unconstitutional. Because today's largest county by area, Pike County , is 788 square miles (2,041 km ), it is only still possible to form a new county from portions of more than one existing county; McCreary County

273-411: A tunnel built to carry steam and supplies between the heating plant located at the bottom of the hill and the main sanatorium building. The tunnel was equipped with a cable car used to transport items up and down the passageway. According to a number of stories and anecdotes, during a limited time between the 1920s and 1940s the tunnel also served to transport corpses to a waiting ambulance at the bottom of

312-704: Is now a hospital for AIDS patients. The state hospital in Sanatorium, Mississippi , is now a regional center for programs for treatment and occupational therapy associated with intellectual disability . In Japan in 2001, the Ministry of Welfare suggested changing the name of a leprosarium to a sanatorium. Fiscal Court There are 120 counties in the U.S. Commonwealth of Kentucky . Despite ranking 37th in size by area, Kentucky has 120 counties, fourth among states (including Virginia's independent cities). The original motivation for having so many counties

351-730: The Paimio Chair . In Portugal , the Heliantia Sanatorium in Valadares was used for the treatment of bone tuberculosis between the 1930s and 1960s. In the early 20th century, tuberculosis sanatoria became common in the United States . The first of several in Asheville, North Carolina was established by Dr. Horatio Page Gatchell in 1871, before the cause of tuberculosis (then called "phthisis" or "consumption")

390-468: The 120 counties have fewer than 10,000 residents, and half have fewer than 20,000. The 20 largest counties by population all have populations of 49,000 or higher, and just 7 of the 120 have a population of 100,000 or higher. The average county population, based on the estimated 2023 state population of 4.526 million, was 37,718. Following concerns of too many counties, the 1891 Kentucky Constitution placed stricter limits on county creation, stipulating that

429-461: The Ohio River, which were perfect for the tuberculosis bacteria. To try to contain the disease, a two-story wooden sanatorium was opened which consisted of an administrative/main building and two open air pavilions, each housing 20 patients, for the treatment of "early cases". In the early part of 1911, the city of Louisville began to make preparations to build a new Louisville City Hospital, and

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468-454: The West that not enough housing was available. In 1910, tent cities began to pop up in different areas; one was described as a place of squalor and shunned by most citizens. Many of the infected slept in the open desert. The area adjacent to what was then central Phoenix, called Sunnyslope, was home to another large TB encampment. The residents primarily lived in tents pitched along the hillsides of

507-425: The county. In both of these counties, while Lexington and Louisville city governments govern their respective counties, a county judge/executive is still elected, as required by Kentucky's Constitution, but does not have substantive powers. The Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) code, which is used by the United States government to uniquely identify counties, is provided with each entry; for Kentucky,

546-670: The desert were formed by pitching tents and building cabins. During the tuberculosis epidemic, cities in Arizona advertised the state as an ideal place for treating TB. Many sanatoria in Arizona were modeled after European away-from-city resorts of the time, boasting courtyards and individual rooms. Each sanatorium was equipped to take care of about 120 people. The first sanatorium in the Pacific Northwest opened in Milwaukie Heights, Oregon , in 1905, followed closely by

585-512: The developers dropped the plan after neighbors protested. Todd and Thompson then proposed converting the hospital into apartments, but they counted on Jefferson Fiscal Court to buy around 140 acres (57 ha) from them for $ 400,000, giving them the money to start the project. In March 1996, Robert Alberhasky bought Waverly Hills and the surrounding area. Alberhasky's Christ the Redeemer Foundation Inc. made plans to construct

624-670: The first state-owned TB hospital in Salem, Oregon , in 1910. Oregon was the first state on the West Coast to enact legislation stating that the government was to supply proper housing for people with TB who could not receive adequate care at home. The West Coast became a popular spot for sanatoriums. The greatest area for sanatoria was in Tucson with over twelve hotel-style facilities in the city. By 1920, Tucson had 7,000 people who had come for treatment of tuberculosis. So many people came to

663-531: The goal was to add a new building each year to continually grow so there may have even been more beds available than specifically listed. Due to constant need for repairs on the wooden structures, need for a more durable structure, as well as need for more beds so that people would not be turned away due to lack of space, construction of a five-story building that could hold more than 400 patients began in March 1924. The new building opened on October 17, 1926, but after

702-468: The grounds of Waverly Hills pending the completion of a hospital for advanced cases. In December 1912, a hospital for advanced cases opened for the treatment of another 40 patients. In 1914, a children's pavilion added another 50 beds making the known "capacity" around 130 patients. The children's pavilion was not only for sick children but also for the children of tuberculosis patients who could not be cared for properly otherwise. This report also mentions that

741-469: The head of government of the county, is an ex officio member of the fiscal court and its presiding officer. Constitutionally, the fiscal court may either be composed of the magistrates for the county or of three commissioners elected from the county at large. The largest city in Kentucky, Louisville , is a consolidated local government under KRS 67C. When the Louisville Metro government

780-532: The hill, sparing patients the knowledge that someone had died. 38°07′48.53″N 85°50′30.22″W  /  38.1301472°N 85.8417278°W  / 38.1301472; -85.8417278 Sanatorium Sanatoriums should not be confused with the Russian sanatoriums from the time of the Soviet Union, which were a type of sanatorium resort residence for workers. The first suggestion of sanatoria in

819-526: The hospital commissioners decided in their plans that there would be no provision made in the new City Hospital for the admission of pulmonary tuberculosis, and the Board of Tuberculosis Hospital was given $ 25,000 to erect a hospital for the care of advanced cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. On August 31, 1912, all tuberculosis patients from the City Hospital were relocated to temporary quarters in tents on

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858-551: The introduction of streptomycin in 1943, the number of tuberculosis cases gradually lowered until there was no longer need for such a large hospital. The remaining patients were sent to Hazelwood Sanatorium in Louisville. Waverly Hills closed in June 1961. The building was reopened in 1962 as Woodhaven Geriatric Center , a nursing home primarily treating aging patients with various stages of dementia and mobility limits, as well as

897-414: The land and opened the sanatorium. It is not known exactly when the spelling changed to exclude the second "e" and became Waverly Hills. However, the spelling fluctuated between both spellings many times over the years. In the early 1900s, Jefferson County was severely stricken with an outbreak of tuberculosis . There were many tuberculosis cases in Louisville at the time because of all the wetlands along

936-633: The last show of the touring music festival Sounds of the Underground on August 11, 2007. The show featured prominent acts in the extreme metal and metalcore scene, including Job for a Cowboy , The Acacia Strain , Hatebreed , Shadows Fall , Chimaira , GWAR , Cameo , Lamb of God , and The Number Twelve Looks Like You . Similar festivals or concerts will likely not happen again at the Waverly Hills Sanatorium, due to complaints made by local residents. The sanatorium featured

975-707: The late-19th century onward. The Adirondack Cottage Sanitarium , established in Saranac Lake, New York , in 1885, was the first such establishment in North America. According to the Saskatchewan Lung Association, when the National Anti-Tuberculosis Association (Canada) was founded in 1904, its members, including renowned pioneer in the fight against tuberculosis Dr. R.G. Ferguson , believed that

1014-580: The modern sense was likely made by George Bodington , who opened a sanatorium in Sutton Coldfield in 1836 and later published his essay "On the Treatment and Cure of Pulmonary Consumption" in 1840. His novel approach was dismissed as "very crude ideas and unsupported assertions" by reviewers in the Lancet , and his sanatorium was converted to an asylum soon after. The rationale for sanatoria in

1053-545: The mountains that rise to the north of the city. Several sanatoria also opened in southern California in the early 20th century due to the dry, warm climate. The first tuberculosis sanatorium for Black Americans in the segregated South was the Piedmont Sanatorium in Burkeville, Virginia . Waverly Hills Sanatorium , a Louisville, Kentucky , tuberculosis sanatorium, was founded in 1911. It has become

1092-640: The pre- antibiotic era was that a regimen of rest and good nutrition offered the best chance that the patient's immune system would "wall off" pockets of pulmonary TB infection. In 1863, Hermann Brehmer opened the Brehmersche Heilanstalt für Lungenkranke in Görbersdorf (Sokołowsko) , Silesia (now Poland), for the treatment of tuberculosis. Patients were exposed to plentiful amounts of high altitude, fresh air, and good nutrition. Tuberculosis sanatoria became common throughout Europe from

1131-409: The roof of the sanatorium. The second phase would convert the old sanatorium into a chapel, theater, and a gift shop at a cost of $ 8 million or more. The plan to construct this religious icon fell through because donations to the project fell well short of expectations. In a period of a year, only $ 3,000 was raised towards the project despite efforts to pool money from across the nation. The project

1170-411: The severely mentally handicapped. However, Woodhaven failed greatly because it was severely understaffed and overcrowded. Woodhaven also had reports over patient neglect and was closed by the state of Kentucky in 1980. Simpsonville developer J. Clifford Todd bought the hospital in 1983 for $ 3,005,000. He and architect Milton Thompson wanted to convert it into a minimum-security prison for the state, but

1209-453: The success of antibiotic drug streptomycin in lowering the needs for such a facility. At some point, plans were made to turn the abandoned hospital into a hotel, but this is no longer the case. The land that is known today as "Waverly Hill" was purchased by Major Thomas H. Hays in 1883 as the Hays family home. Since the new home was far away from any existing schools, Mr. Hays decided to open

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1248-563: The world's tallest statue of Jesus on the site, along with an arts and worship center. The statue, which was inspired by the famed Christ the Redeemer statue on Corcovado Mountain in Rio de Janeiro , would have been designed by local sculptor Ed Hamilton and architect Jasper Ward. The first phase of the development, coming in at a cost of $ 4 million, would have been a statue of 150 feet (46 m) tall and 150 feet (46 m) wide, situated on

1287-498: Was canceled in December 1997. After Alberhasky's efforts failed, Waverly Hills was sold to Tina and Charlie Mattingly in 2001. The Mattinglys hold tours of Waverly Hills and host a haunted house attraction each Halloween, with proceeds going toward restoration of the property. They're also currently restoring all the windows in the decrepit building while restoring the interior of the old sanatorium. Waverly Hills Sanatorium hosted

1326-607: Was even known. Fifty years earlier, Dr. J.F.E. Hardy had reportedly been cured in the "healing climate". Medical experts reported that at 2,200 feet (670 m) above sea level, air pressure was equal to that in blood vessels, and activities, scenery, and lack of stress also helped. In the early 1900s, Arizona's sunshine and dry desert air attracted many people (called "lungers") who had tuberculosis, rheumatism, asthma, and numerous other diseases. Wealthier people chose to recuperate in exclusive TB resorts, while others used their savings to journey to Arizona and arrived penniless. TB camps in

1365-546: Was formed in this manner, from parts of Wayne, Pulaski and Whitley counties. Kentucky was originally a single county in Virginia , created in 1776. In 1780, Kentucky County was divided into Fayette , Jefferson , and Lincoln counties. Kentucky was admitted as a state in 1792, when it had nine counties. Each county has a legislative council called the fiscal court; despite the name, it no longer has any responsibility for judicial proceedings. The county judge/executive ,

1404-581: Was formed, all incorporated cities in Jefferson County, apart from Louisville, retained their status as cities; however, the Louisville Metro Council is the main government for the entire county, and is elected by residents in all of Jefferson County. The second largest, Lexington , is an urban-county government under KRS 67A. Lexington and Fayette County are completely merged and there are no separate incorporated cities within

1443-482: Was opened using funds raised by a local charity, the Poor Children's Holiday Association, now the region's oldest children's charity, Children North East . The largest U.S. tuberculosis sanatorium was located on the site of Chicago's present-day North Park Village. Chicago's Peterson Park fieldhouse housed the lab and morgue of Chicago's Municipal Tuberculosis Sanatorium. After 1943, when Albert Schatz , then

1482-496: Was the best treatment for lung diseases . In Finland , a series of tuberculosis sanatoria were built throughout the country in isolated forest areas during the early 1900s. The most famous was the Paimio Sanatorium , completed in 1933 and designed by world-renowned architect Alvar Aalto . It had both sun-balconies and a rooftop terrace where the patients would lie all day either in beds or on specially designed chairs,

1521-401: Was to ensure that residents in the days of poor roads and horseback travel could make a round trip from their home to the county seat in a single day, as well as being able to travel from one county seat to the next in the same fashion. Later, however, politics began to play a part, with citizens who disagreed with their county government petitioning the state to create a new county. Today, 22 of

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