Edmund Wade Davis CM (born December 14, 1953) is a Canadian cultural anthropologist , ethnobotanist , photographer, and writer.
62-458: Wade Davis may refer to: Wade Davis (anthropologist) (born 1953), Canadian anthropologist and ethnobotanist Wade Davis (American football) (born 1977), former American football player Wade Davis (baseball) (born 1985), former baseball player Wade–Davis Bill , American legislation, vetoed by President Abraham Lincoln in 1864 Wade Davis, president and CEO of UniMás Topics referred to by
124-445: A Freedom of Information Act request fulfilled that confirmed that the use of psychoactive drugs during interrogation was a long-standing practice. Captives and former captives had been reporting medical staff collaborating with interrogators to drug captives with powerful psychoactive drugs prior to interrogation since the very first captives release. In May 2003 recently released Pakistani captive Sha Mohammed Alikhel described
186-432: A breach of ethics. The strictly scientific criticism of Davis's zombie project has focused on the claims about the chemical composition of the "zombie powder". Several samples of the powder were analyzed for TTX levels by experts in 1986. They reported that only "insignificant traces of tetrodotoxin [were found] in the samples of 'zombie powder' which were supplied for analysis by Davis" and that "it can be concluded that
248-554: A category of psychoactive drugs (substances) that are designed to mimic the effects of often illegal drugs, usually in efforts to circumvent existing drug laws. Psychoactive drugs are divided according to their pharmacological effects. Common subtypes include: The ways in which psychoactive substances are used vary widely between cultures. Some substances may have controlled or illegal uses, others may have shamanic purposes, and others are used medicinally. Examples would be social drinking, nootropic supplements, and sleep aids. Caffeine
310-702: A combination of psychotherapy , support groups, and other psychoactive substances. Conversely, certain psychoactive drugs may be so unpleasant that the person will never use the substance again. This is especially true of certain deliriants (e.g. Jimson weed ), powerful dissociatives (e.g. Salvia divinorum ), and classic psychedelics (e.g. LSD , psilocybin ), in the form of a " bad trip ". Psychoactive drug misuse, dependence, and addiction have resulted in legal measures and moral debate. Governmental controls on manufacture, supply, and prescription attempt to reduce problematic medical drug use; worldwide efforts to combat trafficking in psychoactive drugs are commonly termed
372-661: A drug overdose was the most common suicide method in females. In 2019 in males the percentage is 16%. Self-poisoning accounts for the highest number of non-fatal suicide attempts. In the United States about 60% of suicide attempts and 14% of suicide deaths involve drug overdoses. The risk of death in suicide attempts involving overdose is about 2%. Most people are under the influence of sedative-hypnotic drugs (such as alcohol or benzodiazepines) when they die by suicide, with alcoholism present in between 15% and 61% of cases. Countries that have higher rates of alcohol use and
434-465: A greater density of bars generally also have higher rates of suicide. About 2.2–3.4% of those who have been treated for alcoholism at some point in their life die by suicide. Alcoholics who attempt suicide are usually male, older, and have tried to take their own lives in the past. In adolescents who misuse alcohol, neurological and psychological dysfunctions may contribute to the increased risk of suicide. Overdose attempts using painkillers are among
496-443: A higher form of reality. It is, however, necessary to understand precisely what is meant by the use of drugs. We do not mean the purely physical craving ... That of which we speak is something much higher, namely the knowledge of the possibility of the soul to enter into a lighter being, and to catch a glimpse of deeper insights and more magnificent visions of the beauty, truth, and the divine than we are normally able to spy through
558-712: A means of decompression from combat to everyday life. However, this reliance on alcohol can have negative consequences for physical and mental health. The first documented case of a soldier overdosing on methamphetamine during combat, was the Finnish corporal Aimo Koivunen , a soldier who fought in the Winter War and the Continuation War . Psychoactive drugs have been used in military applications as non-lethal weapons . Psychoactive drugs are often prescribed to manage pain . The subjective experience of pain
620-719: A primary goal of reducing the adverse health effects of drug use. Psychoactive and psychotropic are often used interchangeably in general and academic sources, to describe substances that act on the brain to alter cognition and perception; some sources make a distinction between the terms. One narrower definition of psychotropic refers to drugs used to treat mental disorders, such as anxiolytic sedatives, antidepressants, antimanic agents, and neuroleptics. Another usage of psychotropic refers to substances determined to pose "high abuse liability", including stimulants, hallucinogens, opioids, and sedatives/hypnotics including alcohol. In international drug control, psychotropic substances refers to
682-479: A three-year campaign sponsored by Nissan and TBWA to support zero emission vehicles . In 1983, Davis first advanced his hypothesis that tetrodotoxin (TTX) poisoning could explain the existence of Haitian zombies. This idea has been controversial and his 1985 follow-up book ( The Serpent and the Rainbow ) elaborating upon this claim has been criticized as containing scientific inaccuracies. A point questioned
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#1732764686326744-1162: Is a chemical substance that changes brain function and results in alterations in perception , mood , consciousness , cognition , or behavior . The term psychotropic drug is often used interchangeably, while some sources present narrower definitions . These substances may be used medically; recreationally ; to purposefully improve performance or alter consciousness ; as entheogens for ritual, spiritual, or shamanic purposes; or for research, including psychedelic therapy . Physicians and other healthcare practitioners prescribe psychoactive drugs from several categories for therapeutic purposes. These include anesthetics , analgesics , anticonvulsant and antiparkinsonian drugs as well as medications used to treat neuropsychiatric disorders , such as antidepressants , anxiolytics , antipsychotics , and stimulants . Some psychoactive substances may be used in detoxification and rehabilitation programs for persons dependent on or addicted to other psychoactive drugs. Psychoactive substances often bring about subjective changes in consciousness and mood (although these may be objectively observed) that
806-620: Is a human behavior in which an individual uses a substance or any exogenous influence to self-administer treatment for physical or psychological conditions, for example headaches or fatigue . The substances most widely used in self-medication are over-the-counter drugs and dietary supplements, which are used to treat common health issues at home. These do not require a doctor's prescription to obtain and, in some countries, are available in supermarkets and convenience stores. Sex and drugs date back to ancient humans and have been interlocked throughout human history. Both legal and illegal,
868-858: Is a Fellow of the International League of Conservation Photographers (iLCP). Davis served as Explorer-in-Residence with the National Geographic Society from 2000 to 2013. Davis' 2012 book Into the Silence: The Great War, Mallory and the Conquest of Everest won the Baillie Gifford Prize (formerly the Samuel Johnson prize) for non-fiction. His account weaves together the three Everest expeditions in 1922, 1923 and 1924, set in
930-1119: Is a GABA agonist, and ketamine is an NMDA receptor antagonist . Performance-enhancing substances , also known as performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs), are substances that are used to improve any form of activity performance in humans. A well-known example of cheating in sports involves doping in sport , where banned physical performance-enhancing drugs are used by athletes and bodybuilders . Athletic performance-enhancing substances are sometimes referred as ergogenic aids. Cognitive performance-enhancing drugs, commonly called nootropics , are sometimes used by students to improve academic performance. Performance-enhancing substances are also used by military personnel to enhance combat performance. Many psychoactive substances are used for their mood and perception altering effects, including those with accepted uses in medicine and psychiatry. Examples of psychoactive substances include caffeine , alcohol , cocaine , LSD , nicotine , cannabis , and dextromethorphan . Classes of drugs frequently used recreationally include: In some modern and ancient cultures, drug usage
992-443: Is a less harmful, more ethical and a more effective public policy." In some countries, there has been a move toward harm reduction , where the use of illicit drugs is neither condoned nor promoted, but services and support are provided to ensure users have adequate factual information readily available, and that the negative effects of their use be minimized. Such is the case with Portugal's drug policy of decriminalization , with
1054-679: Is a licensed river guide and has worked as a park ranger and forestry engineer. Mostly through the Harvard Botanical Museum, he spent three years in the Amazon and Andes as a plant explorer, living among fifteen indigenous groups in eight Latin American nations, while making some 6,000 botanical collections. He conducted ethnographic fieldwork among several indigenous societies of northern Canada. His work later took him to Haiti to investigate folk preparations implicated in
1116-468: Is a time to consume cannabis. Operation Overgrow is the name, given by cannabis activists, of an "operation" to spread marijuana seeds wildly "so it grows like weed". The thought behind the operation is to draw attention to the debate about legalization/decriminalization of marijuana. A drug overdose involves taking a dose of a drug that exceeds safe levels. In the UK (England and Wales) until 2013,
1178-481: Is a useful model in dealing with the effects of psychoactive substances, especially in a controlled therapeutic setting as well as in recreational use. Dr. Timothy Leary , based on his own experiences and systematic observations on psychedelics, developed this theory along with his colleagues Ralph Metzner , and Richard Alpert ( Ram Dass ) in the 1960s. The first factor, dosage, has been a truism since ancient times, or at least since Paracelsus who said, "Dose makes
1240-480: Is a violation of personal autonomy and freedom . In the United States, critics have noted that prohibition or regulation of recreational and spiritual drug use might be unconstitutional , and causing more harm than is prevented. Some people who take psychoactive drugs experience drug or substance induced psychosis. A 2019 systematic review and meta-analysis by Murrie et al. found that the pooled proportion of transition from substance-induced psychosis to schizophrenia
1302-586: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Wade Davis (anthropologist) Davis came to prominence with his 1985 best-selling book The Serpent and the Rainbow about the zombies of Haiti. He is professor of anthropology and the BC Leadership Chair in Cultures and Ecosystems at Risk at the University of British Columbia . Davis
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#17327646863261364-480: Is evidence of the chewing of coca leaves, for example, in Peruvian society 8,000 years ago. Psychoactive substances have been used medicinally and to alter consciousness. Consciousness altering may be a primary drive, akin to the need to satiate thirst, hunger, or sexual desire. This may be manifest in the long history of drug use, and even in children's desire for spinning, swinging, or sliding, suggesting that
1426-561: Is not legally available outside clinical trials, with some exceptions. The aims and methods of psychonautics, when state-altering substances are involved, is commonly distinguished from recreational drug use by research sources. Psychonautics as a means of exploration need not involve drugs, and may take place in a religious context with an established history. Cohen considers psychonautics closer in association to wisdom traditions and other transpersonal and integral movements. Self-medication , sometime called do-it-yourself (DIY) medicine,
1488-451: Is primarily regulated by endogenous opioid peptides . Thus, pain can often be managed using psychoactives that operate on this neurotransmitter system, also known as opioid receptor agonists . This class of drugs can be highly addictive, and includes opiate narcotics , like morphine and codeine . NSAIDs , such as aspirin and ibuprofen , are also analgesics. These agents also reduce eicosanoid -mediated inflammation by inhibiting
1550-695: Is protected only for members of the Native American Church , which is allowed to cultivate and distribute peyote . However, the genuine religious use of peyote, regardless of one's personal ancestry, is protected in Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, and Oregon. Psychedelic therapy (or psychedelic-assisted therapy ) refers to the proposed use of psychedelic drugs , such as psilocybin , MDMA , LSD , and ayahuasca , to treat mental disorders . As of 2021, psychedelic drugs are controlled substances in most countries and psychedelic therapy
1612-414: Is seen as a status symbol. Recreational drugs are seen as status symbols in settings such as at nightclubs and parties. For example, in ancient Egypt , gods were commonly pictured holding hallucinogenic plants. Because there is controversy about regulation of recreational drugs, there is an ongoing debate about drug prohibition . Critics of prohibition believe that regulation of recreational drug use
1674-604: Is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive substance, and is legal and unregulated in nearly all jurisdictions; in North America, 90% of adults consume caffeine daily. Psychiatric medications are psychoactive drugs prescribed for the management of mental and emotional disorders , or to aid in overcoming challenging behavior . There are six major classes of psychiatric medications: In addition, several psychoactive substances are currently employed to treat various addictions. These include acamprosate or naltrexone in
1736-424: Is whether Bokors or Caplatas (the priests and priestesses) who are associated with creating "zombies" can keep "zombies" in a pharmacologically induced trance for many years. As part of his Haitian investigations, Davis commissioned the exhumation of a recently buried child. (Dead human tissue is supposed to be a part of the "zombie powder" used by Bokors and Caplatas to produce zombies.) This has been criticized as
1798-941: The International Center of Photography (ICP), the Marsha Ralls Gallery (Washington, D.C.), the United Nations (Cultures on the Edge exhibition 2004), the Carpenter Center of Harvard University, and the Utama Center ( Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia). Some of his images are part of the permanent collection of the U.S. State Department , Africa and Latin America Bureaus. Davis is the co-curator of The Lost Amazon: The Photographic Journey of Richard Evans Schultes , first exhibited at
1860-619: The National Museum of Natural History , Smithsonian Institution , and currently touring Latin America. A first collection of Davis's photographs, Light at the Edge of the World , appeared in 2001 published by National Geographic Books , Bloomsbury , and Douglas & McIntyre . A second collection was under contract for 2013 publication with Douglas & McIntyre as well. Davis was the series creator, host, and co-writer of Light at
1922-508: The " war on drugs ". Ethical concerns have also been raised about the overuse of these drugs clinically and about their marketing by manufacturers. Popular campaigns to decriminalize or legalize the recreational use of certain drugs (e.g., cannabis ) are also ongoing. Psychoactive drug use can be traced to prehistory . Archaeological evidence of the use of psychoactive substances, mostly plants, dates back at least 10,000 years; historical evidence indicates cultural use 5,000 years ago. There
Wade Davis - Misplaced Pages Continue
1984-750: The Edge of the World , a four-hour ethnographic documentary series, shot in Rapa Nui , Tahiti , the Marquesas , Nunavut , Greenland, Nepal , and Peru , which aired in 165 countries on the National Geographic Channel and in the USA on Smithsonian Networks . He is featured in the MacGillivray Freeman IMAX film Grand Canyon Adventure: River at Risk , released in the spring of 2008. Other television credits include
2046-965: The Institute of Economic Botany of the New York Botanical Garden, he is a Fellow of the Linnean Society , a Fellow of the Explorer's Club, a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, and a Fellow of the Royal Canadian Geographical Society . Davis was a founding board member of the David Suzuki Foundation and completed a six-year term on the board of the Banff Centre , a Canadian institution for
2108-518: The US, NORML ( National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws ) has led since the 1970s a movement to legalize cannabis nationally. The so-called " 420 movement " is the global association of the number 420 with cannabis consumption: April 20th – fourth month, twentieth day – has become an international counterculture holiday based on the celebration and consumption of cannabis; 4:20 pm on any day
2170-486: The United States , where early in the century alcohol was made illegal for 13 years. In recent decades, an emerging perspective among governments and law enforcement holds that illicit drug use cannot be stopped through prohibition. One organization holding that view, Law Enforcement Against Prohibition (LEAP), concluded that "[in] fighting a war on drugs the government has increased the problems of society and made them far worse. A system of regulation rather than prohibition
2232-747: The arts. He has served on the board of directors since 2009 for the Amazon Conservation Association , whose mission is to conserve the biological diversity of the Amazon. In 2009, he delivered the CBC Massey Lectures , Canada's most prestigious public intellectual forum. He is a member of the International Advisory Board, Hunt Consolidated, PLNG, and has also been engaged in Journey to Zero,
2294-744: The award-winning documentaries Spirit of the Mask , Cry of the Forgotten People , Forests Forever , and Earthguide , a 13-part television series on the environment that aired on the Discovery Channel in 1990. His four-hour series with National Geographic, Ancient Voices / Modern World , was shot in Australia, Mongolia, and Colombia. It has been broadcast worldwide on the National Geographic Channel as part of
2356-410: The consumption of drugs and their effects on the human body encompasses all aspects of sex, including desire , performance , pleasure , conception , gestation , and disease . There are many different types of drugs that are commonly associated with their effects on sex, including alcohol , cannabis , cocaine , MDMA , GHB , amphetamines , opioids , antidepressants , and many others. In
2418-550: The cracks in our prison cell. But there are not many drugs which have the power of stilling such craving. The entire catalog, at least to the extent that research has thus far written it, may include only opium, hashish, and in rarer cases alcohol , which has enlightening effects only upon very particular characters. During the 20th century, the majority of countries initially responded to the use of recreational drugs by prohibiting production, distribution, or use through criminalization. A notable example occurred with Prohibition in
2480-522: The creation of zombies , an assignment that led to his writing Passage of Darkness (1988) and The Serpent and the Rainbow (1986), a bestseller. The book was used loosely as the basis of a Wes Craven horror film , The Serpent and the Rainbow (1988). Other books by Davis include Penan: Voice for the Borneo Rain Forest (1990), Nomads of the Dawn (1995), One River (1996), which
2542-407: The drive to alter one's state of mind is universal. In The Hasheesh Eater (1857), American author Fitz Hugh Ludlow was one of the first to describe in modern terms the desire to change one's consciousness through drug use: [D]rugs are able to bring humans into the neighborhood of divine experience and can thus carry us up from our personal fate and the everyday circumstances of our life into
Wade Davis - Misplaced Pages Continue
2604-468: The enzyme cyclooxygenase . General anesthetics are a class of psychoactive drug used on people to block physical pain and other sensations. Most anesthetics induce unconsciousness , allowing the person to undergo medical procedures like surgery , without the feelings of physical pain or emotional trauma . To induce unconsciousness, anesthetics affect the GABA and NMDA systems. For example, Propofol
2666-784: The length of properly followed treatment regimens (that is, relapse rate substantially declines over time), and to a much greater degree than placebo. Militaries worldwide have used or are using various psychoactive drugs to treat pain and to improve performance of soldiers by suppressing hunger, increasing the ability to sustain effort without food, increasing and lengthening wakefulness and concentration, suppressing fear , reducing empathy, and improving reflexes and memory-recall among other things. Both military and civilian American intelligence officials are known to have used psychoactive drugs while interrogating captives apprehended in its " war on terror " . In July 2012 Jason Leopold and Jeffrey Kaye , psychologists and human rights workers, had
2728-873: The most common, due to their easy availability over-the-counter. Psychoactive drugs are administered via oral ingestion as a tablet, capsule, powder, liquid, and beverage; via injection by subcutaneous , intramuscular , and intravenous route; via rectum by suppository and enema ; and via inhalation by smoking , vaporizing , and snorting. The efficiency of each method of administration varies from drug to drug. The psychiatric drugs fluoxetine , quetiapine , and lorazepam are ingested orally in tablet or capsule form. Alcohol and caffeine are ingested in beverage form; nicotine and cannabis are smoked or vaporized ; peyote and psilocybin mushrooms are ingested in botanical form or dried; and crystalline drugs such as cocaine and methamphetamine are usually inhaled or snorted. The theory of dosage, set, and setting
2790-408: The poison." Some compounds are beneficial or pleasurable when consumed in small amounts, but harmful, deadly, or evoke discomfort in higher doses. The set is the internal attitudes and constitution of the person, including their expectations, wishes, fears, and sensitivity to the drug. This factor is especially important for the hallucinogens, which have the ability to make conscious experiences out of
2852-415: The present Code of Canon Law (1983) states: §3 The wine must be natural, made from grapes of the vine, and not corrupt. Certain psychoactives, particularly hallucinogens, have been used for religious purposes since prehistoric times. Native Americans have used peyote cacti containing mescaline for religious ceremonies for as long as 5700 years. The muscimol -containing Amanita muscaria mushroom
2914-432: The routine use of psychoactive drugs. He said that Jihan Wali , a captive kept in a nearby cell, was rendered catatonic through the use of these drugs. Alcohol has a long association of military use, and has been called " liquid courage " for its role in preparing troops for battle, anaesthetize injured soldiers, and celebrate military victories . It has also served as a coping mechanism for combat stress reactions and
2976-456: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Wade Davis . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wade_Davis&oldid=1216592352 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
3038-597: The second season of Light at the Edge of the World . In 2022 Davis curated an exhibition at the Bowers Museum in Santa Ana, California that highlighted the history of expeditions to the peak of Mount Everest. The exhibition "Ascent to Glory," included photographs, films and artifacts from five expeditions from the period 1921 to 1953. The Bowers Museum presented the exhibition in partnership with London's Royal Geographical Society. An honorary research associate of
3100-609: The shadow of the Great War, by finding "a unifying thread in the person of George Mallory, the scatter-brained Adonis and Bloomsbury favourite whose fate would enthral the nation," wrote John Keay in Literary Review . His photographs have appeared in some 20 books and more than 80 magazines, journals, and newspapers, including National Geographic , Time , GEO , People , Men's Journal , Outside , and National Geographic Adventure . They have been exhibited at
3162-520: The study, hospital or community location, urban or rural setting, diagnostic methods, or duration of follow-up. Alcohol and tobacco (nicotine) have been and are used as offerings in various religions and spiritual practices. Coca leaves have been used as offerings in rituals. According to the Catholic Church , the sacramental wine used in the Eucharist must contain alcohol. Canon 924 of
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#17327646863263224-487: The substances specified in the Convention on Psychotropic Substances , which does not include narcotics. The term "drug" has become a skunked term . "Drugs" can have a negative connotation, often associated with illegal substances like cocaine or heroin, despite the fact that the terms "drug" and "medicine" are sometimes used interchangeably. Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) , also known as " designer drugs " are
3286-573: The traditional use of psychotropic drugs , the ethnobotany of South American Indians, as well as, how COVID-19 has signaled the end of the American era. Davis has written for National Geographic , Newsweek , Premiere , Outside , Omni , Harpers , Fortune , Men's Journal , Condé Nast Traveler , Natural History , Scientific American , National Geographic Traveler , The New York Times , Wall Street Journal , Washington Post , The Globe and Mail , Rolling Stone , and numerous other international publications. Davis
3348-401: The treatment of alcoholism, or methadone or buprenorphine maintenance therapy in the case of opioid addiction . Exposure to psychoactive drugs can cause changes to the brain that counteract or augment some of their effects; these changes may be beneficial or harmful. However, there is a significant amount of evidence that the relapse rate of mental disorders negatively corresponds with
3410-412: The underlying concept of "tetrodotoxin zombification" has also been questioned more directly on a physiological basis. TTX, which blocks sodium channels on the neural membrane, produces numbness, slurred speech, and possibly, paralysis or even respiratory failure and death in severe cases. As an isolated pharmacological agent, it is not known to produce the trance-like or "mental slave" state typical of
3472-651: The user may find rewarding and pleasant (e.g., euphoria or a sense of relaxation) or advantageous in an objectively observable or measurable way (e.g. increased alertness), thus the effects are reinforcing to varying degrees. Substances which are rewarding and thus positively reinforcing have the potential to induce a state of addiction – compulsive drug use despite negative consequences. In addition, sustained use of some substances may produce physical or psychological dependence or both, associated with physical or psychological withdrawal symptoms respectively. Drug rehabilitation attempts to reduce addiction through
3534-454: The widely circulated claim in the lay press to the effect that tetrodotoxin is the causal agent in the initial zombification process is without factual foundation". Davis's claims were subsequently defended by other scientists doing further analyses, and these findings were criticized in turn for poor methodology and technique by the original skeptics. Aside from the question of whether or not "zombie powder" contains significant amounts of TTX,
3596-670: The zombies of Haitian mythology, or of Davis's descriptions. Davis is married. He and his wife, Gail Percy, have lived in several places, sometimes with concurrent residences in Washington, D.C. , Vancouver, the Stikine Valley of northern British Columbia, and Bowen Island . They have two adult daughters, Tara and Raina. On April 13, 2018, Davis was granted Colombian nationality and citizenship by President Juan Manuel Santos . Psychotropic drugs A psychoactive drug , mind-altering drug , or consciousness-altering drug
3658-578: Was 25% (95% CI 18%–35%), compared with 36% (95% CI 30%–43%) for brief, atypical and not otherwise specified psychoses. Type of substance was the primary predictor of transition from drug-induced psychosis to schizophrenia, with highest rates associated with cannabis (6 studies, 34%, CI 25%–46%), hallucinogens (3 studies, 26%, CI 14%–43%) and amphetamines (5 studies, 22%, CI 14%–34%). Lower rates were reported for opioid (12%), alcohol (10%) and sedative (9%) induced psychoses. Transition rates were slightly lower in older cohorts but were not affected by sex, country of
3720-589: Was born in West Vancouver , British Columbia, Canada. He holds degrees in anthropology and biology and earned his Ph.D. in ethnobotany , all from Harvard University . In 1974, at age 20, Davis crossed the Darién Gap on foot in the company of the English author and amateur explorer Sebastian Snow . Beyond his scientific career, Davis is also an active writer, photographer, and filmmaker. He
3782-482: Was nominated for the 1997 Governor General's Literary Award for nonfiction, Shadows in the Sun (1998), The Clouded Leopard (1998), Rainforest (1998), Light at the Edge of the World (2001), The Lost Amazon (2004), Grand Canyon (2008), Book of Peoples of the World (ed. 2008). His books have been translated into 14 languages He has published 1800 articles on subjects from Haitian Vodo, Amazonian myth and religion,
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#17327646863263844-474: Was used for ritual purposes throughout prehistoric Europe. The use of entheogens for religious purposes resurfaced in the West during the counterculture movements of the 1960s and 70s. Under the leadership of Timothy Leary , new spiritual and intention-based movements began to use LSD and other hallucinogens as tools to access deeper inner exploration. In the United States, the use of peyote for ritual purposes
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