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35-492: As such, Wadō-ryū places emphasis on not only striking, but tai sabaki , joint locks and throws . It has its origins within Shindō Yōshin-ryū jujitsu , as well as Shotokan , Tomari-te and Shito-Ryu karate. The name Wadō-ryū has three parts: Wa , dō , and ryū . Wa means "harmony," dō (same character as tao ) means "way," and ryū means "school" or "style". Harmony should not be interpreted as pacifism ; it

70-466: A kata often vary from one organization to another, and even from one school to another within the same organization. The variations can range from significant deviations apparent to the untrained observer to very subtle minutiae. Kata associated with Wadō-ryū include: In addition to the solo kata listed above, many Wadō-ryū schools also practice paired kata , which reflects its jujutsu heritage. These paired kata are performed by two people (one as

105-503: A book expounding his style of karate. In 1963, he dispatched Suzuki, along with Toru Arakawa and Hajimu Takashima, to spread Wadō-ryū around the world. In 1964, the Japan Karate Federation (JKF) was established as a general organisation for all karate styles. Wadō-ryū joined this organisation as a major group. In 1965, Ōtsuka and Yoshiaki Ajari recorded onto film (which is now still available on two video tapes) much of

140-861: A name that reflects its hybrid character. Additionally, there are noticeable differences in the katas compared to other styles such as Shōtōkan. Wadō-Ryū katas have a lighter, less powerful appearance and are economical in movement. Defensive techniques do not block an opponent’s attack, but rather redirect it. Wado-ryu karatedo is characterized by evasion instead of meeting force with force, and by light, fast, and fluid body movement. The Wado-ryu stylist defends with parries and deflections with simultaneous counterattacks. Similar to Shotokan Karate, Wadō-ryū employs linear striking, but forgoes with Shotokan's aggressive approach. Instead, Wadō-ryū opts tai sabaki (often incorrectly referred to as 'evasion') as its key principle. The Japanese term can be translated as "body-management," and refers to body manipulation so as to move

175-415: A tradition of martial arts originating from the village of Tomari, Okinawa . Important Okinawan masters of Tomari-te: Important kata : The successor styles to Tomari-te include Wado-ryu , Motobu-ryū , Matsubayashi-ryu and Shōrinji-ryū Naha-te ( 那覇手 , Okinawan: Naafa-dii) is a pre- World War II term for a type of martial art indigenous to the area around Naha , the old commercial city of

210-458: A typical karate belt order to denote rank. The beginner commences at 9th or 10th kyū (depending on the organisation and school) and progresses to 1st kyū , then from 1st–5th dan for technical grades. The ranks of 6th–10th dan are honorary ranks. Although some other karate styles add stripes to their belt for the dan ranks, Wado-ryū practitioners tend not to follow that practice. The rank at which Wado practitioners are first able to teach

245-504: Is a pre- World War II term for a type of indigenous martial art to the area around Shuri , the old capital city of the Ryukyu Kingdom . Important Okinawan masters of Shuri-te: Important kata : The successor styles to Shuri-te include Shotokan , Shitō-ryū , Shōrin-ryū , Shudokan , Shuri-ryū , Shōrinji-ryū , Isshin-ryū , Gensei-ryu , KishimotoDi and Motobu-ryū . Tomari-te ( 泊手 , Okinawan: Tumai-dii) refers to

280-414: Is a term used widely in and very important in kendo , jujutsu , aikido , judo , karate and ninjutsu . Tai sabaki is usually used to avoid an attack, such that the receiver of the attack ends up in an advantageous position and it is often wrongly referred to as evasion . An example of tai sabaki is 'moving off the line' of attack using irimi and tenkan movements rather than to 'move against'

315-540: Is also characterized by a higher body position and stances than in other Karate styles. Modern karate competition tends to transform Wadō-ryū away from its roots towards a new generic karate that appeals more to the demands of both spectators and competitors. A block in Wadō may look much like a block in Goju/Uechi ryu, but they are executed from different perspectives. While the core principles (at least with regard to

350-509: Is simply the acknowledgment that yielding is sometimes more effective than brute strength, which founds the art's mentality in fighting. Additionally, Kanji Wa (和) used is also a Kanji for Japan , due to the influence of Japanese Jujutsu in Wadō-Ryū, meant in contrast to the other karate styles originating from Okinawa . To the untrained observer, Wadō-ryū might look similar to other styles of karate , like its parent school of Shotokan . Most of

385-807: Is usually 3rd dan , but this depends on the organisation. Some Wado ryu organisations require completion of a special course in addition to attaining a certain dan rank. Schools that use the same belt colour for multiple kyu ranks typically, although not necessarily, use stripes to indicate progress within that belt colour. The founder of Wadō-ryū, Hironori Ōtsuka, was born on 1 June 1892 in Shimodate, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. In 1898, Ōtsuka began practicing koryū jujutsu under Chojiro Ebashi. From 1905–1921, he studied Shindō Yōshin-ryū jujutsu under Tatsusaburo Nakayama. In 1922, he met Gichin Funakoshi and began to train under him. In 1924, Ōtsuka became one of

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420-700: The Dai Nippon Butoku Kai under the name of "Shinshu Wadoryu Karate-Jujutsu." Soon after, however, this was shortened to "Wadō-ryū" (和道流). In 1938, the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai awarded Ōtsuka the rank of Renshi-Go , followed in 1942 by the rank of Kyoshi-Go . It was around this time that Tatsuo Suzuki, founder of the WIKF, began training in Wadō-ryū. In 1944, Ōtsuka was appointed Japan's Chief Karate Instructor. In 1946, Ōtsuka awarded Tatsuo Suzuki

455-423: The yokozuna ranking system for sumo wrestlers. Tai sabaki is also the name of a group of kata created by Yasuhiro Konishi under the tutelage of Ueshiba Morihei , the creator of aikido . These kata were named Tai sabaki Shodan, Tai sabaki Nidan and Tai sabaki Sandan and are some of the original kata of Shindo Jinen-ryu style of karate , created by Yasuhiro Konishi . All three katas were created on

490-405: The "Wadōryū Karatedō Renmei." ( Renmei means "group" or "federation.") After only a few months, he retired as head of this organisation. His son, Jiro Ōtsuka, took his place. On 29 January 1982, Hironori Ōtsuka died, and in 1983, Jiro Ōtsuka succeeded him as grandmaster of Wadō-ryū. The younger Ōtsuka changed his name to "Hironori Otsuka II" in honor of his late father. In 1989, Tatsuo Suzuki founded

525-408: The attack. This implies the use of harmony rather than physical strength . See hard and soft (martial arts) Tai sabaki is related to ashi sabaki ( footwork ) and te sabaki (handwork). The origins of Tai-sabaki can be transliterated from the sumo wrestler way of honoring the top ranks of grand champions "津名学士気"; which translates into "Bachelor Flow of Grand Champions" when taking into account

560-531: The attacker and one as the defender), demonstrating a range of self-defense techniques. The paired kata of Wadō-ryū often vary from one organisation from another, because Ōtsuka did not standardise them. The paired kata are: In addition to the three paired kata above, there are also Gyakunage Kata ( kata of throwing), Joshi Goshinjutsu ( kata of women's self-defense), Kodokan Goshin Jutsu & some others, but they are not commonly taught. Wadō-ryū uses

595-512: The basis of the Tai sabaki movements and the circular motions of aikido . Although they do not contain complex movements, the whole kata is to be performed as a chain of movements without a specific pause. This article related to martial arts terminology is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Shuri-te Okinawan martial arts refers to the martial arts , such as karate , tegumi and kobudō , which originated among

630-413: The defender as well as the attacker out of harm's way. The way to achieve this is to 'move along' rather than to 'move against'—or harmony rather than physical strength . Using these principles, the energy of the attack is diverted and evaded, and then or simultaneously countered with joint-locking, throwing, or striking techniques. The technical execution is subject to the following principles: Wadō-ryū

665-612: The existing local variants to form Tōde ( 唐手 , Tuudii , Tang hand, China hand) , sometimes called Okinawa-te ( 沖縄手 , Uchinaa-dii ) . By the 18th century, different types of te had developed in three different villages – Shuri , Naha and Tomari . The styles were named Shuri-te, Naha-te, and Tomari-te, respectively. Well into the 20th century, the martial arts of Okinawa were generally referred to as te and tii 手 in Japanese and Okinawan for "hand". Te often varied from one town to another, so to distinguish among

700-478: The first students promoted to black belt in karate by Funakoshi. To broaden his knowledge of Karate, Ōtsuka also studied with other prominent masters such as Kenwa Mabuni of Shitō-ryū and Motobu Chōki . By 1927, Ōtsuka had become an assistant instructor in Funakoshi's Shotokan school. In 1929, Ōtsuka organised the first school karate club at Tokyo University . Eiichi Eriguchi coined the term 'Wadō-ryū' in 1934. In 1938, Ōtsuka registered his style of karate with

735-509: The indigenous people of Okinawa Island . Due to its location (between " Mainland Japan " and Taiwan ), Okinawa was influenced by various cultures with a long history of trade and cultural exchange, including Japan , China and Southeast Asia , that greatly influenced the development of martial arts on Okinawa. In 1429, the three kingdoms on Okinawa unified to form the Kingdom of Ryukyu . When King Shō Shin came into power in 1477, he banned

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770-531: The karateka. In his 1977 book on Wadō-ryū (published in English in 1997), Ōtsuka declared only nine official kata for Wadō-ryū: Pinan Nidan , Pinan Shodan , Pinan Sandan , Pinan Yodan , Pinan Godan , Kūshankū , Naihanchi , Seishan and Chintō . However, after his death, other organizations of the style have added other forms, such as unsu and kumpu. However, it can be said that all individual kata originate from Shuri-te . As such, The exact movements of

805-466: The katas from Gichin Funakoshi, but used a different kanji for the term kata. In Wadō-Ryū, he replaced the meaning of original mold or template (Japanese 型) of the kata in Shōtōkan with the meaning of symbol (Japanese 形). This means that the practitioner should not always aim for the same form of a kata, but rather allow and even encourage changes to a kata due to the age and other individual characteristics of

840-499: The legacy of Wadō-ryū karate. The first video, "Wadō-ryū Karate Volume 1," consists of: in-depth history and recollections; demonstrations of the eight Kihon No Tsuki body shifts; the first five Kihon-Kumite ; and the kata Pinan 1–5, Kūshankū , Jion , Naihanchi , and Seishan . The second video, "Wadō-ryū Karate Volume 2," consists of: more history; the kata Chintō , Niseishi , Rōhai , Wanshu , and Jitte ; as well as Kihon-Kumite 6–10, along with application. In 1966, Ōtsuka

875-482: The practice of martial arts, due to fears of the widespread teaching of the art of deception. Tō-te and Ryukyu kobudō (deception) continued to be taught in secret. The ban was continued in 1609 after Okinawa was invaded by the Satsuma Domain of Japan. The bans contributed to the development of kobudō which uses common household and farming implements as weaponry. The Okinawans combined Chinese martial arts with

910-590: The presidency of the USEWF. Patterson's organisation continues as an active member of the Wadō Ryū Karatedō Renmei. In the UK, Wadō-ryū has been cited as a key influence in the development of the hybrid martial art Sanjuro . Tai sabaki Tai sabaki ( 体捌き ) is a term from Japanese martial arts and which relates to 'whole body movement', or repositioning. It can be translated as body-management . It

945-613: The rank of 2nd dan . Around 1950, Jiro Ōtsuka (the founder's second son) began training in Wadō-ryū while in his adolescent years. In 1951, Ōtsuka awarded Tatsuo Suzuki the rank of 5th dan , the highest rank awarded in Wadō-ryū at that time. In 1952, the Wadō-ryū headquarters ( honbu ) was established at the Meiji University dojo in Tokyo . In 1954, its name was changed to Zen Nippon Karate Renmei (All Japan Karate Federation). In 1955, Ōtsuka published "Karatejutsu no Kenkyu,"

980-675: The style in their respective countries. In 1968, Otsuka promoted Cecil T. Patterson of the United States to 5th dan , and charged him with the creation of the United States Eastern Wado-Kai Federation (USEWF). Following the split between Otsuka and the Wado-Kai in 1980, Patterson and the USEWF (renamed: United States Eastern Wadō-ryū Karate Federation) remained with Otsuka. Following Patterson's death in 2002, his son John T. Patterson assumed

1015-526: The third major Wadō-ryū organisation, "Wadō Kokusai" (Wadō International Karatedō Federation; WIKF). ( Kokusai means "international.") In 2011 following Suzuki's death, Jon Wicks succeeded as the WIKF chief instructor. In 2015 following Jiro's death, his son Kazutaka succeeded him as grandmaster of Wadō-ryū, assuming the name "Hironori Otsuka III". Wadō-ryū is spread between three independently-led organisations: Wadōkai , Wadō Kokusai and Wadō-ryū Karate-dō Renmei. Wadō-ryū has been spread to many countries in

1050-519: The time) by the Federation of All Japan Karate-dō Organisations, and was named Hanshi-Go by the uncle of Emperor Higashikuni. In 1980, as the result of a conflict between Ōtsuka and the Wadōkai organisation over personal withdrawals from the organisation's bank accounts, he stepped down as head of the Wadōkai. Eiichi Eriguchi took over his place within that organisation. On 1 April 1981, Ōtsuka founded

1085-456: The transmission of body mass into punches) of turning on the heel remain in Wadō, as it is the fastest way to push the hips in the direction of attack, the progression to the ball of the foot is a hallmark of the style. Kata are predefined, specific patterns of movement that incorporate and encapsulate martial techniques, concepts, and applications. Wadō-Ryū takes a different approach to kata training than other styles. Ōtsuka Hironori adopted

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1120-434: The underlying principles, however, were derived from Shindō Yōshin-ryū , an atemi waza focused style of Jujutsu . Indeed, from one point of view, Wadō-ryū might be considered a style of Jūjutsu rather than Karate. Hironori Ōtsuka embraced jujitsu and was its chief instructor for a time. When Ōtsuka first registered his school with the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai in 1938, the style was called "Shinshu Wadō-ryū Karate-Jūjutsu,"

1155-513: The various types of te , the word was often prefaced with its area of origin; for example, Naha-te, Shuri-te, or Tomari-te. Shuri-te, Naha-te and Tomari-te belong to a family of martial arts that were collectively defined as Tode-jutsu or To-de. Karate ( Okinawa-te or Karate-jutsu ) was systematically taught in Japan after the Taishō era (after 1926). Shuri-te ( 首里手 , Okinawan: Suidii)

1190-497: The world, by both Japanese and non-Japanese students of Hironori Otsuka. Japanese Wadō-ryū stylists Tatsuo Suzuki , Teruo Kono , Masafumi Shiomitsu , H. Takashima, Naoki Ishikawa , Yoshihiko Iwasaki, Kuniaki Sakagami and many others spread the art in Europe . Yoshiaki Ajari , Masaru Shintani and Isaac Henry Jr. spread the art in the United States and Canada, Joaquim Gonçalves (from Portugal ) and many others have helped to spread

1225-634: Was awarded the Order of the Rising Sun, Fifth Class by Emperor Hirohito for his dedication to the introduction and teaching of karate. On 5 June 1967, the Wadō-ryū organisation changed its name to "Wadōkai." In 1972, the President of Kokusai Budō Renmei, a member of the Japanese royal family, awarded Ōtsuka the title of Meijin . In 1975, Suzuki received his 8th dan , the highest grade ever given (at

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