73-831: Waihorotiu (from the Māori Wai Horotiu ), sometimes called the Waihorotiu Stream and the 'Queen Street River', is a stream that ran down the Queen Street gully in the Auckland CBD , New Zealand, into the Waitemata Harbour . It has long since been covered over and put underground by the urbanisation of the area. Originally this was an open stream that was one of the tributaries of the Waitemata River, now submerged by rising sea levels in
146-511: A 2006–2008 street upgrade (see below), Council figures showed that over 50,000 pedestrians, 40,000 public transport users and 20,000 people in private vehicles used Queen Street daily. The Council anticipated that the private car share would drop by around 15%. An editorial of The New Zealand Herald accused Council of using overestimated public transport user numbers for political purposes to support its bus lane plans. Until December 1956, trams provided public transport along Queen Street, and it
219-489: A few place to cross (sometimes just plank walkways), resulting in people and carriages periodically tumbling into the river. The river was used as a source for well water, however had become heavily polluted by the mid-1860s. Around the middle of the century the Surveyor General Charles Ligar attempted to regulate the stream by building sound walls to constrict its waters (this was referred to as
292-636: A higher share of employment in large firms than other areas in Auckland. Over half of the large firms in Auckland CBD are in office-based sectors (such as property and business services and finance and insurance) and are in the Downtown and Waterfront areas of the CBD. In 2004 Auckland CBD had 72,540 employees and 9125 businesses. 2006 Auckland CBD had 78,444 employees and 9,461 businesses. Air New Zealand
365-601: A number of 19th century structures survive. Many large corporations, insurance companies and banks had substantial buildings on Queen Street and in some cases their head offices were located here rather than in Wellington (the capital). The most significant buildings along the middle part of the street are the: Beyond the Wellesley Street intersection lies the midtown district, with its entertainment and civic focus, centred on Aotea Square . Here are located most of
438-569: A significant part of Auckland's education business. The Ministry of Education operates state-operated schools throughout the area. Private secondary schools within the CBD include ACG New Zealand International College , ACG Senior College , and Auckland International College . Many of Auckland's historic Christian churches are located in the CBD, although not all are the original buildings. Heritage New Zealand Category 1 Historic Place registered churches include: St Paul's Anglican Church , founded in 1841, St Patrick's Catholic Cathedral
511-564: Is also the largest employment centre in New Zealand, with around 65,000 jobs, representing 13% of the regional workforce, and 25% of the Auckland City workforce. Around 73,000 people enter the CBD every morning between 7 am and 9 am, 60% of these by car, while the total 'turnover' is around 270,000 people per day. In 2003 many large corporations were housed in the Auckland CBD. During the same year, an Auckland City report stated that
584-534: Is carved into the piece, which discusses the Waihorotiu Stream. In 2011, a local artist proposed that, as part of the Council's city centre masterplan, the stream be uncovered and become a centrepiece of a more people-friendly inner city. 36°51′16″S 174°45′43″E / 36.854351°S 174.762054°E / -36.854351; 174.762054 Queen Street, Auckland Queen Street
657-565: Is now considered to have generally been a success, and it won the 2009 Urban Design Award of the New Zealand Institute of Architects , which commended it for creating a quality public realm and sense of place. To accommodate construction work, Auckland City Council reduced traffic lanes for vehicles to one lane in each direction in early 2007. A proposal was made for this to become permanent, with extended public transport provisions such as bus lanes and cycle lanes proposed for
730-727: Is one of the few places in New Zealand that has skyscraper-sized buildings, such as the Vero Centre , Commercial Bay (skyscraper) , ANZ Centre or the Metropolis , with the Sky Tower rising above them. Residential high-density buildings constructed within the last decade have helped to increase the population living in the CBD to around 54,620 (2018 estimate) from an earlier 21,390 (2006 estimate), all being growth from only 1,400 in 1991. Much of this growth has been driven by immigration to New Zealand , particularly from Asia, and
803-410: Is one of the most densely developed places in New Zealand, with many commercial and some residential developments packed into a space of only 433 hectares (1,070 acres). The area is made up of the city's largest concentration of skyscrapers and businesses. Bounded by several major motorways and by the harbour coastline in the north, it is surrounded further out by mostly suburban areas; it is bounded on
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#1732791683277876-572: Is the geographical and economic heart of the Auckland metropolitan area . It is the area in which Auckland was established in 1840, by William Hobson on land gifted by mana whenua hapū Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei . It is New Zealand's leading financial hub, and the centre of the country's economy ; the GDP of the Auckland Region was NZD$ 139 billion in the year ending September 2023. The CBD
949-570: Is the main retail precinct of the central city, with most national store, bank and restaurant franchises having a branch on the street. Several important other local businesses, such as the Smith & Caughey's department store, have flagship branches here. The street sees very high pedestrian numbers, estimated by some as up to 10 times as high as on Broadway in Newmarket , seen as Queen Street's closest shopping street rival in Auckland. Prior to
1022-627: Is the major commercial thoroughfare in the Auckland CBD , Auckland , New Zealand's largest city. The northern end is at Queens Wharf on the Auckland waterfront , adjacent to the Britomart Transport Centre and the Downtown Ferry Terminal . The road is close to straight, the southern end being almost three kilometres away in a south-southwesterly direction on the Karangahape Road ridge, close to
1095-514: Is today referred to informally as Lower Queen Street. As well as being the location of a great many multi-storey warehouses, initially the Lower Queen Street area also contained many manufacturing businesses, though many of these started to move to other areas such as Freeman's Bay, Newton and Parnell, especially if they took up a large area (such as timber yards) or created noise or pollution (such as brick yards or foundries). Up until
1168-484: The 2006 census . There were 1,860 households, comprising 2,076 males and 1,725 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.2 males per female, with 123 people (3.2%) aged under 15 years, 1,851 (48.6%) aged 15 to 29, 1,626 (42.7%) aged 30 to 64, and 204 (5.4%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 46.3% European/ Pākehā , 5.0% Māori , 2.8% Pacific peoples , 41.4% Asian , and 9.9% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
1241-528: The Albert Park Volcano blocked the flow of the Waihorotiu Stream approximately 145,000 years ago. From here, it flowed northwards between Queen and Elliot Streets until the vicinity of Victoria Street , where, emerging behind the Courthouse, it flowed down into what is now the lower part of Queen Street. It entered the harbour at what is now called Fort Street but in the early colonial period
1314-608: The City Rail Link . Once completed, it will connect the Waitematā railway station more directly to the Western Line in the vicinity of Maungawhau railway station by way of a tunnel running under the CBD. Two new stations are being constructed, one named Karanga-a-Hape railway station near Karangahape Road and another named Te Waihorotiu railway station near Aotea Square , and the existing stations at each end of
1387-467: The Waitematā railway station (rail and buses) and the nearby Auckland Ferry Terminal , both near the Auckland waterfront . Many bus services travel the length of the CBD along the main streets, in particular via the bus lanes on Albert Street and the Central Connector bus priority route. In 2010, around 33,000 people entered the CBD via public transport every day. Historically, much of
1460-438: The ' Ligar Canal '). This canal was culverted beneath the street from the 1870s onward, allowing for further development of the street to be undertaken. The course of the stream is still reflected today in the slight bend of lower Queen Street. From north of Shortland Street, Queen Street is built on land reclaimed from the sea in the late 19th century (see Auckland waterfront article). There are several other 'Queen Streets' in
1533-506: The 1990s, only a token population of around 1,400 was still residing within the CBD, though this was to grow substantially with a boom of new apartment buildings around the turn of the millennium. More recently, in the early 21st century the CBD has seen a resurgence with strong population growth. As at 2010 there were around 24,000 apartment units. The CBD of Auckland has been the leading centre of New Zealand's business and economic development for nearly two centuries. The area of today's CBD
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#17327916832771606-399: The Auckland CBD undertaken in 2005, most visitors and locals feel safe visiting and living in the CBD. Police and the Council have in part ascribed these positive feelings to over a dozen safety initiatives undertaken by authorities (from alcohol bans in parts of the CBD to CCTV surveillance and street lighting measures). However, in spite of the general perception of the CBD being safe, there
1679-617: The Auckland CBD, compared to several central business districts in Australia, had "a broader and more dominant role in its regional economy" compared to the economies of the Australian central business districts. The CBD remains attractive to shops, partially due to the very high pedestrian numbers on the main shopping streets like Queen Street, where footfalls are estimated to be up to 10 times as high as on Broadway in Newmarket , seen as Queen Street's closest rival. Auckland CBD has
1752-522: The CBD is the area in New Zealand with the highest percentage share (32%) of the Asian ethnic group in New Zealand. Also striking is the high number of students (both tertiary education and overseas students studying English in one of the many institutes), making up 27% of all residents (2001 Census) and contributing to the relative youth of the city residents. With increasing population, available services have also changed – from only about one superette in
1825-658: The Elliott Stables Foodcourt. The Victoria Park Market was established as a shopping centre in an unused heritage building in 1983. It was extensively renovated between 2008 and 2013. The centre currently features 74 stores, and 194 carparks. Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki has been operating in Auckland CBD in 1888. Since then, several other galleries have also opened in the CBD. Artspace Aotearoa opened in 1987. Gus Fisher Gallery opened in 2001. St Paul St Gallery opened in 2004. The Dalmatian Archives and Museum, opened in 1989, features
1898-553: The Ligar Canal). This proved inadequate (being called "an abomination, a pestiferous ditch, and the receptacle of every imaginable filth") and eventually the stream was bricked over in the form of a sewer – water percolating through the soil under Myers Park still runs into the old drain under Queen Street to the sea, discharging under the Ferry Building. A sewer east of the canal began construction in 1854, however progress
1971-462: The North Shore. Residential numbers in the inner city (including the inner suburbs) were also declining in the 20th century. In the two-mile zone surrounding the CBD, there were approximately 70,000 people in 1926, with only around 50,000 in 1966 – a change made even more marked by the development of the remainder of Auckland's population, which grew more than fourfold in the same timeframe. In
2044-550: The North by Waitematā Harbour , east by Parnell , southeast by Grafton , south by Mount Eden , southwest by Newton , west by Freemans Bay and northwest by Viaduct Harbour . Located on the northern shore of a narrow isthmus , the CBD extends from the Auckland waterfront on the Waitematā Harbour southwards along Queen Street and a number of other parallel-running streets. The CBD is generally considered to be bounded by
2117-561: The Queen Street area between Wellesley Street West and Grey Street (today Greys Avenue). The fires, amongst other things, led to the establishment of the Auckland Volunteer Fire Service. In the 1880s, the first horse-drawn buses began connecting Queen Street with areas such as Ponsonby Road and Remuera . In 1900, the first motorcar was admired on the street, and in 1902 the street was finally asphalted,
2190-755: The Waitematā Harbour. For a closer discussion of this aspect, see the Commercial Bay and Auckland waterfront articles. On 20 March 1840, paramount chief of the Ngāti Whātua Māori iwi (tribe) of Auckland Apihai Te Kawau , signed the Treaty of Waitangi . Ngāti Whātua sought British protection from Ngāpuhi as well as a reciprocal relationship with the Crown and the Church . Soon after signing
2263-589: The Waitematā Harbour. The Waihorotiu carved out the Queen Street valley millions of years ago. The upper part of that valley now forms Myers Park . The references to a spring feeding the stream in the area of the Baptist Tabernacle in Myers Park are problematic (no historical document references this and if a spring existed it is unlikely it would have been built over). The stream ran through a swampy area (now Aotea Square ), formed when lava flows from
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2336-425: The area west of Queen Street to Vincent Street and Pitt Street south of Wellesley Street, cover 0.40 km (0.15 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 4,910 as of June 2024, with a population density of 12,275 people per km . Queen Street had a population of 3,807 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 639 people (20.2%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 1,527 people (67.0%) since
2409-514: The blowout. While Council noted in June 2007 that progress had often been quicker than expected, the cost overruns, and the long duration of the construction works – which substantially affected pedestrian and motor vehicle traffic as well as retail sales – made the upgrade unpopular in public, at least during the duration. It also became a problem issue for Dick Hubbard in his failed campaign for re-election to Mayor of Auckland in 2007. The upgrade
2482-629: The central area tended to be on the Shortland Street rise and the Albert Park Hill area. However, as the population grew the Queen Street valley began to fill up with buildings, partly due to a big fire in the Shortland Street area. An open stream in the centre of the road created problems especially in a period before any sewerage system was in operation. The sides of the stream crumbled in wet weather and there were only
2555-457: The country. Some commentators have noted that the recent decades have not been kind to the aesthetics and the community values of the inner city. The demolishing of many older buildings, often the prerequisite for low-quality or uninspired new office and residential developments, is considered by them to be due to a combination of developers uninterested in long-term outcomes and council planning direction being too weak. In an attempt to reverse
2628-426: The decline of aesthetics in the CBD, previous Auckland City Councils and the current unitary Auckland Council have instigated several urban regeneration schemes. These include the recent redevelopment of Aotea Square in 2010 and the upgrade of Saint Patrick's Square in 2009. The area east of the Waitematā railway station is currently undergoing major changes, with the development of new commercial buildings,
2701-488: The early 2000s was that Queen Street had lost some of its good reputation in the previous decades, with a rundown and uncoordinated streetscape and the loss of several prestigious retailers cited as either causes or effects. Auckland City Council decided to address the issue of the 'tired' Queen Street through a major redevelopment of the street. This involved the widening and relaying of footpaths with basalt kerbstones and paving. Granite insets, designed in consultation with
2774-503: The early 2000s, this has ballooned to one supermarket and 38 superettes by 2011. In early 2012, two major supermarket chains opened a branch in the city centre, with Countdown opening on Victoria Street in January and New World opening a branch on Queen Street in early March. However, the population remains highly focused on ethnically diverse, mostly young and childless residents. According to an in-depth study of security perception in
2847-506: The first European colonists of Auckland, although the still existing Spring just to the north of Waterloo Quadrant (later utilised by the Grey & Menzies Mineral Water Company) may have been preferred as more reliable. The stream flowed into Horotiu Bay (called Commercial Bay after European settlement). In Māori mythology, the stream is the home of Horotiu, a taniwha (roughly speaking, a local nature spirit). Initially European settlement of
2920-546: The first street in New Zealand. The same year the first electric trams also arrived, to provide services until 1956. The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw a large number of imposing buildings constructed, such as the Smith & Caughey's building, the Auckland Town Hall and the General Post Office at the waterfront, later to become the Britomart Transport Centre . By that time, the street
2993-447: The greater Auckland area, mostly in suburbs that were separate towns before being absorbed by a growing central city. Auckland was also called the "Queen City" since before the turn of the 20th century, though that term is now overshadowed by the nickname "City of Sails". The statistical areas of Queen Street, which encompasses a full block either side of Queen Street north of Wellesley Street , and Queen Street South West, which includes
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3066-596: The history of Croatian New Zealanders . The New Zealand Maritime Museum , opened in 1993, features the maritime history of the Waitematā Harbour . There are significant educational institutions located in the Auckland CBD, notably the University of Auckland and the Auckland University of Technology . The CBD also has many of the English language schools for non-native English speakers which form
3139-496: The important civic buildings, including the: Further up Queen Street beyond Mayoral Drive is the uptown district, centred on Myers Park . This is often referred to as Upper Queen Street, although that name actually refers to a separate continuation of Queen Street on the other side of the K'Road ridge. The most significant buildings in this area are the: Beyond the Karangahape Road ridge the southernmost 500 metres of
3212-410: The largest group at 250, and other groups of note being 150 agricultural labourers, 100 shopkeepers, 100 domestic servants, and 125 "upper class members". During the remainder of the 19th century, Commercial Bay was progressively filled in, allowing a northward extension of Queen Street and the creation of Fort Street, Customs Street , and Quay Street . The part of Queen Street north of Customs Street
3285-436: The link, Waitematā and Maungawhau, are receiving substantial upgrades. The main street of the CBD is Queen Street , which was upgraded between 2006 and 2008 to modernise it and make it more pedestrian friendly. In 2009, the former Auckland City Council proposed the redevelopment of several CBD streets into shared spaces , with the goal of improving pedestrian and cyclist amenity by slowing down vehicle traffic while retaining
3358-419: The local Māori ( Ngati Whatua iwi), as well as recycled redchip pavers from the existing footpath, were used to denote special areas – such as those related to the existence of the old Waihorotiu Stream. New street furniture (such as multi-purpose poles for lighting, signage and pennants) and new trees and other landscaping were added to create a 'boulevard effect'. The liquidambars and Nīkau Palms chosen for
3431-517: The main motorways that surround all non-harbour sides, with State Highway 1 forming the southern and western boundaries, and State Highway 16 / Grafton Gully forming the eastern boundary. The CBD has an area of 433 hectares (1,070 acres), similar to the Sydney CBD , and twice as large as the CBDs of Wellington and Christchurch . The CBD is to a substantial part located on reclaimed land of
3504-483: The middle of the 20th century the centre of town still contained a large number of small factories including clothing manufacturers. The relocation of industries to outlying suburbs became especially pronounced in the 1950s, partly due to incentives made by council planners to create industrial areas in Penrose and Rosebank Road (amongst others) and thus rid the inner city area of noise, pollution and heavy traffic. This
3577-478: The most expensive square in the New Zealand version of Monopoly and to a somewhat disrespectful description of business people with rural investment interests (but lacking farming expertise): ' Queen Street farmers '. The street was immortalised by The Front Lawn with their song (It started on) Queen Street . The street has been the site of numerous parades, marches and other events of political, cultural or sporting nature. Together with adjacent High Street, it
3650-424: The new design touched off heated public discussion in 2006 as their inclusion came at the destruction of previous, established trees (which were not native flora of New Zealand, and thus not retained in the new landscaping plan). The 2006–2008 project repeatedly increased in cost, from NZ$ 23 million to around NZ$ 43.5 million, with some aspects (such as an improved entrance to Myers Park) falling victim to
3723-451: The northern end of Queen Street occurred, resulting in the deaths of three people, including the shooter. At the northern (waterfront) end of Queen Street are several significant buildings. These include: Between Customs Street and Wellesley Street, Queen Street is lined with retail and office buildings. This section of the street is where the majority of the high-rise buildings are located. These are mostly 20th century in origin, although
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#17327916832773796-564: The outer lanes. Also proposed was a 30 km/h speed limit. Committee discussions and public consultation resulted in four physical lanes being retained, mainly to safeguard the street layout for future public transport options such as light rail . The changes included further improvements to pedestrian facilities, with the total footpath area increasing by 20% to almost 14,000 m , and longer traffic signal phases for pedestrians, while three new signalised pedestrian crossings were introduced mid-block, at accident 'black spots'. Also undertaken
3869-437: The residential suburbs in the interior of the Auckland isthmus . Named after Queen Victoria , Queen Street was an early development of the new town of Auckland (founded in 1840), although initially the main street was intended to be Shortland Street , running parallel to the shore of Commercial Bay . The early route of Queen Street led up the middle of a gully following the bank of the Waihorotiu Stream (later bounded in as
3942-488: The restoration of several heritage buildings and development of public spaces, including a new public square named Te Komititanga which opened in 2020. The downtown ferry precinct called Te Wanaga opened in 2021. Another major regeneration scheme currently underway is the redevelopment of Wynyard Quarter , which involves replacing industrial facilities covering a large portion of the CBD waterfront with residential or commercial buildings and public spaces. The Auckland CBD
4015-514: The richer people built houses. Shortland Street tended to be the location of the more important businesses and most of the 'luxury' shops of the mid 19th century. The 1850s onwards saw an increasing number of businesses, and especially retail, locating further south along Queen Street , which still to this day forms the 'spine' of the area. In 1841, one year after the European founding, the census counted approximately 2,000 people, with "mechanics"
4088-575: The stream. After a fire in 1858 destroyed around 50 buildings in High Street and Shortland Street, the commercial district began to shift towards Queen Street instead, and the first brick and plaster buildings of the 1860s started to cement this move, with the Bank of New Zealand building (only the façade extant today) being one of the first examples. Fires however still continued to plague the new town, with one in 1873 wiping out another 54 buildings in
4161-535: The street is called Upper Queen Street, and it crosses the eastern part of the Central Motorway Junction , the largest interchange on the New Zealand state highway network . 36°50′59″S 174°45′54″E / 36.849784°S 174.764972°E / -36.849784; 174.764972 Auckland CBD The Auckland Central Business District ( CBD ), or Auckland city centre ,
4234-482: The transport to and around the CBD post-1950s was by private vehicles, partly because the CBD provides numerous parking buildings and parking spaces associated with office buildings, and is almost totally surrounded (and easily accessible) by motorways, administered by Waka Kotahi . Auckland Council , the New Zealand Government, Auckland Transport and KiwiRail have begun the construction phase of
4307-407: The treaty, Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei made a strategic gift of 3,500 acres (1,400 ha) of land on the Waitematā Harbour to the new Governor of New Zealand, William Hobson , for the new capital , which Hobson named for George Eden, Earl of Auckland , then Viceroy of India . Auckland was founded on 18 September 1840 and was officially declared New Zealand's capital in 1841. The town of Auckland
4380-562: Was 73.6, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 54.5% had no religion, 27.0% were Christian , 0.4% had Māori religious beliefs , 5.0% were Hindu , 3.5% were Muslim , 2.8% were Buddhist and 2.8% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 1,329 (36.1%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 162 (4.4%) people had no formal qualifications. 591 people (16.0%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
4453-404: Was a feeling that crime had risen somewhat in the last five years (whereas in fact numbers had declined). This was considered to be mostly due to a media-driven public image. With 8,500 businesses, the CBD accounts for 18% of all businesses in Auckland City, with the largest being Ports of Auckland , and the largest employment sectors being financial services, business and ICT services. The CBD
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#17327916832774526-409: Was a reduction of on-street parking spaces from 81 to 51, part of the prioritisation for pedestrians. The remaining spaces became dedicated short-term parking (i.e. drop-offs, loading). Not included in the design were dedicated bus bays, noted as a serious oversight by some critics, causing potential delays on the proposed bus lanes. On 20 July 2023, a mass shooting involving a construction site on
4599-458: Was believed to live in the stream. In 1841 colonial settlers built a number of wooden buildings along the western side, following the general path of the Waihorotiu Stream according to the plans set out by surveyor Felton Mathew . While the street was metalled in 1843 ('metal' is a New Zealand term for gravel road ), the natural stream still often overflowed its banks, and the area was still swampy. This led to canalisation and later covering-over of
4672-481: Was called Fore Street, a shortened form of Foreshore. The lower reaches of the stream above the Fort Street will have been tidal; doubtless pre-European Māori fished in this area. The swampy area now occupied by Aotea Square was probably used to trap birds and possibly eels. A side tributary (occupying the gully between Wellesley and Airedale Streets) possibly provided drinking water for both Māori villages and
4745-498: Was created in 1840 with the first European colonisation of the area, marked by an official ceremony on the now non-existent Point Britomart . The initial centre of the new town was focused on what is now the corner of Shortland and Queen Street, which was at the shoreline of Commercial Bay. From approximately their junction, the main wharf ran north off the end of Queen Street, with Shortland Street leading up to St Paul's Church , Fort Britomart and Government House, around which many of
4818-721: Was formerly headquartered in Auckland CBD. In 2006, from late September to early October, the airline moved employees out of the four buildings it occupied in Auckland CBD and relocated them to the new headquarters in the Wynyard Quarter . In September 2003 Air New Zealand was the only one of the very largest corporations in New Zealand to have its headquarters within the Auckland CBD. The CBD's main shopping mall, Commercial Bay , opened in 2020. It features 18,000 m of lettable real estate space, made up of 120 shops including H&M . The Atrium on Elliott has 736 carparks and 23 stores, including The Warehouse , Rebel Sport and
4891-444: Was mirrored by the development of suburban shopping malls which enticed retailers to vacate the inner city as well. Attempts by the council to halt this pattern by constructing numerous public car parking buildings met with varying success. The rise of suburban supermarket and mall shopping that was created in places such as Pakuranga from 1965 onwards has been added to by the appearance of Big Box retailers in places such as Botany and
4964-461: Was originally built in 1843, St Stephen's Anglican Chapel was originally built in 1844, St Andrew's First Presbyterian Church was built in 1850, Auckland Baptist Tabernacle , founded 1855 and St Matthew's Anglican Church was founded in 1902. The CBD, with its substantial employment, and increasing number of residents, contains the main public transport hubs of the city, administered by Auckland Transport . These services are concentrated around
5037-445: Was popular for events such as parades and festivities, as well as for political activities such as the strike demonstrations of 1913. Queen Street riots occurred after a 1932 unemployment march and broke out again in the adjacent Aotea Square in late 1984. During the second half of the 20th century, many of the older buildings on Queen Street were demolished to make space for larger office buildings. Queen Street gives its name to
5110-441: Was slow, and eventually it was completed in 1873. Citizens of Auckland were unhappy with sewage being delivered directly into the ports of Auckland, and by March 1914 a sewage plant at Ōkahu Bay in Ōrākei was opened, directing the city's sewage further east along the Waitematā Harbour. In 1990, artist Selwyn Muru unveiled Waharoa , a sculptural gateway at the entrance of Aotea Square in Auckland. A haiku by poet Hone Tuwhare
5183-425: Was that 1,953 (53.0%) people were employed full-time, 630 (17.1%) were part-time, and 204 (5.5%) were unemployed. Māori settlements in the Queen Street area were along the local stream; Te Wai Horotiu (The water of Horotiu) or Waihorotiu Stream . The stream as a food source and for other purposes. It ran from the ridge along Karagahape Road towards the sea. Horotiu is the name of a taniwha (guardian spirit) which
5256-499: Was the only street in New Zealand with grand unions , double-track to double-track junctions, where trams could go to all directions from all directions. These junctions were at the intersections with Customs Street and Wellesley Street. Since the closure of Auckland's tram network, Balaclava Junction on Melbourne 's tram network has been the sole grand union left in the Southern Hemisphere. Public perception in
5329-409: Was the site of the original European settlement of Auckland, oriented along the coastline and then Queen Street, in a southward direction. From those origins, it has grown progressively, and become much more densely built-up, now being an area of high-rise buildings mainly used for commercial and retail uses. It has the highest concentration of arts, culture and higher education institutions and venues in
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