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49-737: Koettlitz Glacier was discovered by the British National Antarctic Expedition (1901–04) which named it for Dr. Reginald Koettlitz , physician and botanist of the expedition. The Koettlitz Glacier appears to have been smaller during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) than it is today, while the Ross Ice Shelf was larger. There is evidence that during the LGM the mouth of the Pyramid Trough

98-499: A high cirque just southeast of Mount Rucker and flowing east toward Walcott Glacier. In the measurements made of this glacier by the VUWAE (1960-61), one of the survey angles, by chance, was exactly one radian, and the glacier came to be referred to by this term. 78°14′S 162°51′E  /  78.233°S 162.850°E  / -78.233; 162.850 . A glacier formed by the coalescence of numerous small alpine glaciers on

147-548: A high cirque on the east side of Mount Dromedary in the Royal Society Range. Named by the Victoria University of Wellington Antarctic Expedition (VUWAE) (1960-61) for its proximity to Mount Dromedary. 78°16′00″S 163°32′00″E  /  78.2666667°S 163.5333333°E  / -78.2666667; 163.5333333 . A meltwater stream from Koettlitz Glacier on the east side of The Bulwark,

196-532: A major steelworks company. In 1893, the family emigrated to New South Wales Australia, where James secured a position as a government metallurgist. Taylor, age 13, attended The King's School in Sydney. He enrolled in arts at the University of Sydney in 1899, later transferring to science, attaining his Bachelor of Science in 1904, and Bachelor of Engineering (mining and metallurgy) in 1905. In 1904 he joined

245-466: A mountain outlier south of Walcott Bay, Scott Coast. The stream flows north and then west, following the perimeter of The Bulwark to enter Trough Lake and the Alph River system. Named by New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) (1994) in association with The Bulwark. 78°12′S 163°45′E  /  78.2°S 163.75°E  / -78.2; 163.75 . A small river, flowing in summertime, on

294-832: A névé in the area between Mount Kempe and Mount Huggins. It joins the Pipecleaner Glacier 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) south of the confluence of the latter with the Radian Glacier. So named by the VUWAE, 1960-61, because it was up this glacier that the geologists traversed to the Koettlitz-Skelton divide at the ridge crest in order to gain their only glimpse of the polar plateau in January 1961. 78°31′S 162°30′E  /  78.517°S 162.500°E  / -78.517; 162.500 . Mountain, 2,440 metres (8,010 ft) high, in

343-513: A party of five on a journey to the South Pole , in a race to get there before a rival expedition led by Norwegian Roald Amundsen . They reached the Pole in January 1912, only to find a tent left there by Amundsen containing a dated message informing them that he had reached the Pole 5 weeks earlier. Scott's entire team perished during the return journey, only 11 miles from safety. Taylor's party

392-464: A theory that the " Mongolian " race is the race truest to their past in the hearth of modern humans: Central Asia. Australoid and Negroid races were the first to branch off during humanity's evolution from the Neanderthal and were racially adapted to live in the world's margins. The Negrito race was never related to Neanderthals, and were thus likely developed more directly from apes. "During

441-593: Is fed by Radian Glacier, Pipecleaner Glacier and Glimpse Glacier. Past is grounding line it flows past Hahn Island at the foot of Mount Discovery. It enters the McMurdo Ice Shelf past Brown Peninsula and Bratina Island to the east. Cape Chocolate is to the west of its mouth, and McMurdo Station and Ross Island are opposite its mouth. Glaciers and streams in the catchment area of the Koettlitz Glacier are listed below. Some may not contribute to

490-550: The Antarctic as part of the Terra Nova Expedition 1910–1913. The explorer Robert Falcon Scott contracted Taylor to the Terra Nova Expedition to Antarctica . Scott was looking for an experienced team, and appointed Taylor as Senior Geologist. It was agreed that Taylor would act as representative for the weather service, due to the known effects of Antarctic weather conditions on Australia's climate. Taylor

539-474: The Australian Government's White Australia policy , which sought to limit immigrants to whites only. Taylor argued that Australia's agricultural resources were limited, and that this, together with other environmental factors, meant that Australia would not be able to support the population goal of 100 million which some optimistically predicted. Moreover, he claimed that due to climatic factors,

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588-595: The Koettlitz Glacier. 78°27′S 163°00′E  /  78.45°S 163°E  / -78.45; 163 A roughly circular névé about 7 nautical miles (13 km; 8.1 mi) wide at the head of Koettlitz Glacier. The névé is bounded to the west and south by Mount Talmadge , Mount Rees and Mount Cocks; to the east by Mount Morning . Named by United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) (1994) in association with Koettlitz Glacier. 78°24′S 162°50′E  /  78.400°S 162.833°E  / -78.400; 162.833 . A glacier in

637-458: The NW slopes of Mount Morning on the south margin of upper Koettlitz Glacier. Named by US-ACAN in 1994 after Roger A. Barlow, USGS cartographer, a member of the satellite surveying team at South Pole Station, winter party 1992. 78°25′S 162°43′E  /  78.417°S 162.717°E  / -78.417; 162.717 . A rocky spur 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) long, lying at

686-585: The Royal Society Range toward Walcott Bay. Named by Taylor of the BrAE (1910-13), presumably for Charles Doolittle Walcott , Director of the U.S. Geological Survey (1894-1907) and Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, 1907-28. 78°12′S 163°22′E  /  78.200°S 163.367°E  / -78.200; 163.367 . Glacier between the Ward and Walcott Glaciers, on the east side of

735-914: The Royal Society Range, 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) south of Mount Kempe, flowing southeast into the Koettlitz Glacier. Named by US-ACAN in 1963 for Major James Foster, United States Marine Corps (USMC), assistant air operations officer for U.S. Navy Task Force 43 in Antarctica, 1960. 78°22′S 163°08′E  /  78.367°S 163.133°E  / -78.367; 163.133 . A steep glacier flowing southeast from Mount Dromedary into Koettlitz Glacier. Mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from ground surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1956-62. Named by US-ACAN for Lt. Garland Renegar, USN, R4D aircraft pilot at McMurdo Station, 1960. Not: Renagar Glacier. 78°18′S 163°10′E  /  78.300°S 163.167°E  / -78.300; 163.167 . A small alpine glacier occupying

784-835: The Royal Society Range. Discovered by a party led by Griffith Taylor of the BrAE (1910-13) and named for Prof. W. Howchin, geologist of Adelaide. 78°13′00″S 163°25′00″E  /  78.2166667°S 163.4166667°E  / -78.2166667; 163.4166667 . A meltwater stream draining from the south side of Howchin Glacier. It flows eastward into Howchin Lake southward of Howchin North Stream. Named by New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) (1994) in association with Howchin Glacier. 78°12′00″S 163°25′00″E  /  78.2°S 163.4166667°E  / -78.2; 163.4166667 }. Description: A meltwater stream draining from

833-531: The details below. Request from 172.68.168.150 via cp1114 cp1114, Varnish XID 956331812 Upstream caches: cp1114 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 10:51:08 GMT Thomas Griffith Taylor Thomas Griffith "Grif" Taylor (1 December 1880 – 5 November 1963) was an English-born geographer , anthropologist and world explorer. He was a survivor of Captain Robert Scott 's Terra Nova Expedition to Antarctica (1910–1913). Taylor

882-473: The east side of Mount Huggins . Together with Glimpse Glacier it joins the Radian Glacier where that stream meets the north arm of Dismal Ridge . Its surface is marked by innumerable bands of moraine reminiscent of pipecleaners. Named by New Zealand VUWAE, 1960-61. 78°16′S 162°46′E  /  78.267°S 162.767°E  / -78.267; 162.767 . An alpine glacier composed of two segments, separated by an icefall, which flow northeast from

931-463: The east side of Koettlitz Glacier. Mapped by USGS from ground surveys and Navy air photos. Named by US-ACAN in 1963 for Cdr. James Hahn, USN, public information officer on the staff of the Commander, U.S. Naval Support Force, Antarctica, for several years preceding 1963. 77°56′S 164°35′E  /  77.933°S 164.583°E  / -77.933; 164.583 . Small, dark cape forming

980-642: The east side of the Koettlitz Glacier. Mapped by USGS from ground surveys and Navy air photos. Named in 1963 by US-ACAN in association with Mount Morning. 78°14′S 163°37′E  /  78.233°S 163.617°E  / -78.233; 163.617 . A bay indenting the coast of Victoria Land between Walcott Glacier and Heald Island. Named by the BrAE (1910-13) in association with Walcott Glacier. 78°15′S 163°49′E  /  78.250°S 163.817°E  / -78.250; 163.817 . An island, 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) long and 555 metres (1,821 ft) high, which projects through

1029-599: The first President of the Geographical Society of New South Wales . Taylor wrote many books about the effects of the environment in shaping race. He also wrote extensively about migration of the races. Taylor saw theories that explained the genealogy of races as beginning in Africa and then expanding out through the world and evolving in positive ways as antiquated thinking from the 19th century. In his 1937 book Environment, Race, and Migration , Taylor outlines

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1078-467: The ice front was 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) in front of the Dailey Islands . Since then at least 300 square kilometres (120 sq mi) of ice has calved off the ice tongue. A break-out of ice in 1979 or 1980 caused about 80 square kilometres (31 sq mi) of ice to be lost from the tongue. As of 2017 only two of these islands are still connected to the ice tongue. The glacier forms to

1127-532: The ice of the Koettlitz Glacier just east of Walcott Bay. Discovered and named by the BrNAE (1901-04) for Seaman William L. Heald, a member of the expedition who saved the life of Ferrar when the latter was suffering from scurvy in 1902. 78°15′S 164°58′E  /  78.250°S 164.967°E  / -78.250; 164.967 . Island 1 nautical mile (1.9 km; 1.2 mi) long, lying 7 nautical miles (13 km; 8.1 mi) north of Mount Discovery, on

1176-538: The interior of Australia would be best settled by broad-headed Mongoloids who were better adapted to the environment. He was severely criticised as unpatriotic for his views on Australia's future development. A textbook he had written containing these views was banned from schools by the Western Australian education authority. Taylor was a proponent of environmental determinism with the view that "physical environment determines culture." In 1927, he became

1225-438: The million years of Post-Pliocene" time, humans were forced to migrate during four major migrations related to the expansion of the "Great Ice Sheet." As humans moved to different areas of the world they adapted to the environment they encountered. Taylor openly disagrees with Wegener 's theory of Continental Drift , writing that the human races evidently migrated into world's regions separately and over time. They moved out over

1274-512: The most pure. He gives great accolades to the Chinese race. He links Europe's historical accession in the global sphere to command of the seas and easy access to plentiful surface coal. Taylor takes a seemingly contradictory viewpoint by both decrying miscegenation and saying that white Australian women who married Chinese men were OK to do so. Mixing of more advanced races was, ostensibly, acceptable, while miscegenation with more primitive races

1323-539: The most stimulating regions; i.e., where living is not so hard as to stunt mental development, and not so easy as to encourage sloth and loss of initiative. The least fit are ultimately crowded out into the deserts, the tropical jungles, or the rugged mountains. In regards to anthropology, Taylor looks at records of hair texture and size, nose size, ear size, cephalic indices, skin color, and height. He links sexual attraction amongst different races to evolved and diverged cultural preferences for beauty. Taylor comes up with

1372-525: The north side of Howchin Glacier in Denton Hills, Scott Coast. It flows eastward into Howchin Lake northward of Howchin South Stream. Named by New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) (1994) in association with Howchin Glacier. 78°13′S 163°00′E  /  78.217°S 163.000°E  / -78.217; 163.000 . A glacier on the east side of the Royal Society Range, descending from

1421-480: The northeast of Mount Cocks and runs northeast to the north of the Mount Discovery massif. To the north of Hooper Crags it is joined from the west by Foster Glacier and then by Reneger Glacier, below Dromedary Glacier. It continues northeast past Lake Lake Morning to the south and past Walcott Bay and Heald Island to the north. Walcott Bay is fed by Walcott Glacier and Howchin Glacier. Walcott Glacier in turn

1470-552: The northern side of Koettlitz Glacier, Scott Coast. It rises from Koettlitz ice at the upper end of Pyramid Trough and from south to north includes Pyramid Ponds, Trough Lake, Walcott Lake, Howchin Lake, and Alph Lake. The portion north of Pyramid Trough was explored and named in February 1911 by the British Antarctic Expedition (BrAE) Western Journey Party led by Thomas Griffith Taylor . He reported that

1519-528: The only geographer to receive this distinction. In 1958 he published his autobiography "Journeyman Taylor", and in 1959 was named the first President of the Institute of Australian Geographers . Taylor died in the Sydney suburb of Manly on 5 November 1963, aged 82. In 1976 he was honoured on a postage stamp bearing his portrait issued by Australia Post . In 2001, an Australian postage stamp commemorated Taylor and fellow explorer Douglas Mawson . Taylor

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1568-807: The racial types have been fairly well investigated. We know that the term "European" has no value as an ethnological distinction. Thus the Savoyard of eastern France is akin to the wild tribes of the Pamirs, but not to the primitive peoples of the Dordogne only two hundred miles to the west. The Corsican is much more nearly allied to the Cornishman than to the Italian peoples of the adjacent Alps. In Wales, we are told, there are small groups still essentially allied to Neanderthal man. The most suitable parts of

1617-569: The south part of the Royal Society Range. It stands at the head of Koettlitz Glacier and forms a part of the divide between the Koettlitz and the lower Skelton Glacier . Discovered by the BrNAE (1901-04) which named it for E.L. Somers Cocks, then Treasurer of the Royal Geographical Society. 78°29′S 163°24′E  /  78.483°S 163.400°E  / -78.483; 163.400 . A group of rocks standing below

1666-456: The south side of Foster Glacier in the Royal Society Range. Named by US-ACAN in 1963 for Lt. Benjamin F. Hooper, helicopter pilot with U.S. Navy Squadron VX-6, who wintered at McMurdo Station in 1960. 78°21′S 163°53′E  /  78.350°S 163.883°E  / -78.350; 163.883 . An ice lake, nearly 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) long, lying 9 nautical miles (17 km; 10 mi) north of Mount Morning along

1715-495: The south side of Salmon Bay on the coast of Victoria Land. It is made up of morainic material from the west margin of the Koettlitz Glacier. Discovered by the BrNAE (1901-04) under Scott, and probably so named because of the color of the morainic material. British National Antarctic Expedition Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include

1764-682: The stream continues north a considerable distance under moraine and ultimately subglacially beneath Koettlitz Glacier to the Ross Sea. This led to the name from a passage in Samuel Taylor Coleridge ’s poem Kubla Khan : “Where Alph the sacred river ran, Through caverns measureless to man, Down to a sunless sea.” 78°14′S 163°15′E  /  78.233°S 163.250°E  / -78.233; 163.250 . Glacier between Radian and Howchin Glaciers, descending eastward from

1813-620: The teaching staff at Newington College . Awarded an 1851 Exhibition scholarship in 1907 to Emmanuel College, Cambridge , where he graduated with a B.A. [Research], Taylor was elected a fellow of the Geological Society, London in 1909. While at Cambridge, he established strong friendships with (Sir) Raymond Priestley , Canada's Charles Wright and the Australian Frank Debenham who all shared his passion for Antarctic exploration and would all travel with him to

1862-472: The theory of the "tri-peninsular world", in which the world is divided into three peninsulas descending south from a common point in the Arctic (Americas, Europe and Africa, Asia and Australia). In these peninsulas, Taylor finds climate and race similarities. In regards to racial variation within smaller regions, Taylor offers this passage about Europe's races: The Eur-African peninsula is now considered. Here

1911-399: The view that glaciers feeding the Ross Sea would have been larger during the LGM due to increased accumulation, and the ice shelf smaller. The Koettlitz Ice Tongue lies along the west shore of McMurdo Sound. It is of major scientific interest due to the unique collection of fish and marine invertebrates on its ablating surface. Between 1910 and 1994 it has retreated significantly. In 1910-13

1960-454: The white race, which he sees as the only race which will expand. Though he voices that no Europeans would wish to extinguish or force native people from their lands, "these primitive people are doomed to extinction..." Whites would eventually settle all "useful lands." Taylor disagreed with theories that put the Nordic race as the apotheosis of mankind. By his theory, Asiatic races would be

2009-539: The works of Baron von Eickstedt . In 1940 he was elected president of the Association of American Geographers , the first non-American to be elected to the post. Taylor was close to Isaiah Bowman who shared similar interests in population and settlement studies. After retiring from his post at the university in 1951, he returned to Sydney. In 1954 he was elected to the Australian Academy of Science ,

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2058-529: The world for habitation are, according to Taylor, in Europe, Western Siberia, the Americas, and Eastern China. These are the places that, if not already overcrowded, are where the world's masses must one day move into. Places least adaptable to European styles of agriculture and settlement are considered by Taylor "useless". In the final section of the book Taylor lays out the possibilities of future expansion of

2107-439: The world, the world didn't move them. (Note: this was written in a period before knowledge of plate tectonics ). Taylor links skin pigment to temperature and collects extensive data from the period on geology, topology, meteorology, and anthropology. Taylor saw geography in a synthesising role between explanations of the physical world and the diffusion and evolution of the human species. The fittest tribes evolve and survive in

2156-487: Was a senior academic geographer at universities in Sydney, Chicago, and Toronto. His writings on geography and race were controversial. Taylor was born in the town of Walthamstow , England, to parents James Taylor, a metallurgical chemist, and Lily Agnes, née Griffiths. Within a year after his birth, the family had moved to Serbia where his father was manager of a copper mine. Three years later, they returned to Britain when his father became director of analytical chemistry for

2205-599: Was awarded the King's Polar Medal and made a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society of London. Taylor's physiographical and geomorphological Antarctic research earned him a doctorate (D.Sc.) from the University of Sydney in 1916. He was made associate professor of geography in 1921 becoming the founding head of the Department of Geography at the university. Taylor did not completely agree with

2254-405: Was blocked by grounded Ross Sea ice until at least 11,000 years ago. In the last 3,000 years the glacier has advanced, and today the mouth of ice-free Pyramid Trough is blocked by the Koettlitz Glacier. Under this hypothesis, the glacier may have been thicker at the coast due to buttressing, but may have been no thicker, perhaps even thinner upstream due to reduced accumulation. This is in contrast to

2303-606: Was due to be picked up by the Terra Nova supply ship on 15 January 1912, but the ship could not reach them. They waited until 5 February before trekking southward, and were rescued from the ice when they were finally spotted by the ship on 18 February. Taylor left Antarctica in March 1912 on board the Terra Nova , unaware of the fate of Scott's polar party. Geological specimens from both Western Mountains expeditions were retrieved by Terra Nova in January 1913. Later that year, Taylor

2352-757: Was the leader of the successful geological team, responsible for the first maps and geological interpretations of significant areas of Antarctica. In January 1911, he led an expedition to the coastal area west of McMurdo Sound , in a region between the McMurdo Dry Valleys and the Koettlitz Glacier . He led a second successful expedition in November 1911, this time centering on the Granite Harbour region approximately 50 miles (80 km) north of Butter Point. Meanwhile, Scott led

2401-606: Was to be abhorred. All citations are from the book Environment, Race, and Migration . In 1929, he accepted a post as Senior Professor of Geography at the University of Chicago . In 1936 he moved to the University of Toronto founding the Geography department there. During the 1930s, Taylor was co-editor of the German journal on racial studies Zeitschrift fur Rassenkunde, he felt that American scholars were concerned too little with racial classification, and showed an affinity to

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