Misplaced Pages

#357642

88-630: Waleed وليد ‎ [REDACTED] Calligraphic representation of the name al-Waleed Gender Male Origin Word/name Arabic Meaning Newborn child Region of origin Arabia Other names Alternative spelling Al-Waleed, al-Walid, Walid, Walied, Oualid, Velid Waleed ( Arabic : وليد ) or al-Waleed ( الولید ), also spelled al-Walid , Walid , Oualid , or Velid ,

176-610: A claim against Juffali for at least his three UK properties, which include a seven-bedroom home in Knightsbridge , London, in a converted church, valued in total at about £60 million. Juffali and Estrada have a daughter (Sirina). Juffali also owned Bishopsgate House in Egham , Surrey, which he acquired from his parents in about 2001. There were "three butlers, six gardeners, five maids, two laundry girls, two drivers, two personal assistants, two nannies and an estate manager on

264-572: A close relative of his brother Hisham at the helm of the Islamic holy cities, al-Walid installed his cousin Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz , who was the husband of al-Walid's sister Fatima and brother to al-Walid's wife Umm al-Banin, the mother of Abd al-Aziz. On al-Walid's orders, Umar had Hisham publicly humiliated, an unprecedented motion against a sacked governor of Medina, which set "a dangerous precedent", according to McMillan. Umar maintained friendly ties to

352-417: A daughter, A'isha. From another Umayyad wife, Umm Abd Allah bint Abd Allah ibn Amr, a great-granddaughter of Caliph Uthman ( r.  644–656 ), al-Walid had his son Abd al-Rahman. He also married Umm Abd Allah's niece, Izza bint Abd al-Aziz, whom he divorced. Out of his twenty-two children, fifteen were born to slave concubines , including al-Abbas, whose mother was Greek. According to al-Tabari ,

440-751: A form of reconciliation ... a constructive counterweight to the political damage" caused by the Umayyad sieges of Mecca in 683 and 692 and assault on Medina during the civil war. Other mosques that al-Walid is credited for expanding in the Hejaz include the Sanctuary Mosque around the Kaaba in Mecca and the mosque of Ta'if . Al-Walid died of an illness in Dayr Murran , an Umayyad winter estate on

528-554: A large collection of jewels ordered to pay out to his ex-wife Christina Estrada after a $ 95 million divorce settlement in 2014, lower than her demand for $ 8 billion, which was the largest settlement in English legal history. Juffali was born in Jeddah on 30 April 1955, the son of Ahmed Abdullah Juffali (1924–1994), the founder of E. A. Juffali and Brothers , one of Saudi Arabia's largest companies. This wealthy and secretive family

616-466: A more Arabic and Islamic character on the state, and expand its borders were continued. He heavily depended on al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf , his father's powerful viceroy over the eastern half of the caliphate. During his reign, armies commissioned by al-Hajjaj conquered Sind and Transoxiana in the east, while the troops of Musa ibn Nusayr , the governor of Ifriqiya , conquered the Maghreb and Hispania in

704-678: A result of the Battle of Marj Rahit , which inaugurated Marwan's reign in 684, a sharp division developed among the Syrian Arab tribes, who formed the core of the Umayyad army. The loyalist tribes that supported Marwan formed the Yaman confederation, alluding to ancestral roots in Yemen (South Arabia), while the Qays , or northern Arab tribes, largely supported Ibn al-Zubayr. Abd al-Malik reconciled with

792-561: A wide-scale building program. His patronage of great mosques in Damascus, Jerusalem and Medina underlined his political legitimacy and religious credentials. The mosque he founded in Damascus, later known as the Umayyad Mosque , was the greatest architectural achievement of his rule. Under his predecessors, Muslim residents had worshipped in a small musalla (prayer room) attached to the 4th-century Christian cathedral of John

880-1241: Is Walid Gregory Entertainment [ edit ] Walid Toufic (born 1954), Lebanese singer and actor Walid Harfouch (born 1971), Lebanese-born Ukrainian television manager Walid Mattar (born 1980), Tunisian film director Walid Riachy (born 1990), Lebanese actor and model Walid Hassan (comedian) (1959-2006), Iraqi comedian Walid Kowatli , Syrian theater director Walid Benmbarek (born 1980), Dutch actor Footballers [ edit ] Walid Regragui (born 1975), Moroccan footballer and manager Walid Azaro (born 1995), Moroccan Footballer Walid Abbas (born 1985), Emirati footballer Walid Cheddira (born 1998), Moroccan footballer Walid Atta (born 1986), Saudi-born, Ethiopian footballer Oualid [ edit ] Oualid Mokhtari (born 1982), Moroccan-born German footballer Oualid El Hajjam (born 1991), Moroccan footballer Oualid Ben Amor (born 1976), Tunisian handball player Sports [ edit ] Walid Ghauri (born 1993), Norwegian cricket player Wallid Farid , Brazilian professional mixed martial arts and promoter Surname [ edit ] Khalid Ibn Al-Walid (died 642), Islamic military commander also known as

968-1445: Is an Arabic-language masculine given name meaning newborn child. Given name [ edit ] Waleed [ edit ] Waleed Ali (born 1980), Kuwaiti footballer Waleed A. Alrodhan (born 1981), Saudi author and researcher Waleed Aly (born 1978), Egyptian-origin Australian journalist Waleed bin Ibrahim al-Ibrahim (born 1962), Saudi businessman Al-Waleed bin Talal al-Saud (born 1955), Saudi royal and businessman Waleed al-Husseini (born 1989), Palestinian ex-Muslim activist Waleed Al-Saadi (born 1995), Omani footballer Waleed al-Shehri (1978-2001), Saudi hijacker of American Airlines Flight 11 Waleed Zuaiter (born 1971), Palestinian-origin American actor and producer Waleed Abdalati , American scientist Waleed A. Samkari (1942-2019), Jordanian military officer Waleed Majid (born 1987), Qatari professional pool player Waleed Taha (born 1968), Israeli politician Waleed Al-Ahmed (born 1999), Saudi Arabian footballer Wayne Parnell (born 1989), South African cricket player converted to Islam and changed his name to Waleed Walid [ edit ] Historical [ edit ] Al-Walid Ibn Al-Walid , Companion of

SECTION 10

#1732783436358

1056-411: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Al-Walid I Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ( Arabic : الوليد بن عبد الملك بن مروان , romanized :  al-Walīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān ; c.  674 – 23 February 715), commonly known as al-Walid I (Arabic: الوليد الأول ), was the sixth Umayyad caliph , ruling from October 705 until his death in 715. He

1144-560: Is sought". Al-Walid embraced the formal trappings of monarchy in a manner unprecedented among earlier caliphs. He resided at several palaces, including in Khunasira in northern Syria and Dayr Murran. The considerable wealth in his treasury allowed him to spend extravagantly on his relatives. Expectations of such grants among the growing number of Umayyad princes continued under his successors. Their generous stipends and costly private constructions were resented by "nearly everyone else" in

1232-585: The Arabs solidified their control of Cilicia and the areas east of the Euphrates River and launched raids deep into Anatolia . After one such raid against Ancyra in 714, the Byzantine emperor Anastasios II ( r.  713–715 ) sent a delegation to negotiate a truce with al-Walid or decipher his intentions. The delegates reported back that al-Walid was planning a land and naval assault to conquer

1320-662: The Berbers of the Hawwara , Zenata and Kutama confederations and advanced on the Maghreb (western North Africa). In 708 or 709, he conquered Tangier and Sus , in the far north and south of modern-day Morocco. Musa's Berber mawla (freedman or client; pl. mawali ), Tariq ibn Ziyad , invaded the Visigothic Kingdom of Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula) in 711, and was reinforced by Musa in

1408-633: The Byzantine Empire , which dated to the Muslim conquest of Syria in the 630s, resumed in 692 after the collapse of the truce that had been reached three years earlier. Annual campaigns were thereafter launched by the Umayyads in the Arab–Byzantine frontier zone and beyond. During his father's caliphate, al-Walid led the campaigns in 696, 697, 698 and 699. In his summer 696 campaign, he raided

1496-593: The Prophet's Mosque in Medina. Its redevelopment entailed the demolition of the living quarters of Muhammad's wives and the incorporation of the graves of Muhammad and the first two caliphs, Abu Bakr ( r.  632–634 ) and Umar. The vocal opposition to the demolition of Muhammad's home from local religious circles was dismissed by al-Walid. He lavished large sums for the reconstruction and supplied mosaics and Greek and Coptic craftsmen. According to Hillenbrand,

1584-639: The Third Muslim Civil War (744–750). Yazid III acceded but died six months later, after which he was succeeded by his half-brother Ibrahim. The latter did not attain wide recognition and was overthrown in December 744 by a distant Umayyad kinsman, Marwan II ( r.  744–750 ). Several descendants of al-Walid, progeny of his son Rawh, were executed during the Abbasid Revolution which toppled Umayyad rule in 750. Others from

1672-641: The Umayyad princes , became a financial burden on his successors. Al-Walid was born in Medina in c.  674 , during the rule of Mu'awiya I ( r.  661–680 ), the founder and first caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate . His father, Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan , was a member of the Umayyad dynasty . While Mu'awiya belonged to the Umayyads' Sufyanid branch, resident in Syria , al-Walid's family

1760-668: The University of San Diego where he was awarded a bachelor's degree in International Business and Political Sciences. After his graduation, he was gradually introduced to multiple public assignments in Jeddah, the western province of Saudi Arabia, where he was responsible for the development of Siemens Arabia and Nabors. He received a bachelor's degree from the University of San Diego, California in 1977. Juffali

1848-796: The al-Aqsa Mosque , which was built on the same axis of the Dome of the Rock on the Temple Mount, was originally built by Abd al-Malik or al-Walid. Several architectural historians hold that Abd al-Malik commissioned the project and that al-Walid finished or expanded it. The earliest source indicating al-Walid's work on the mosque is the Aphrodito Papyri, which contain letters from December 708 – June 711 between his governor of Egypt, Qurra ibn Sharik, and an official in Upper Egypt discussing

SECTION 20

#1732783436358

1936-575: The classical Arabic in which the Qur'an was written but insisted that everyone in his company have knowledge of the Qur'an. Al-Walid essentially continued his father's policies of centralization and expansion. Unlike Abd al-Malik, al-Walid heavily depended on al-Hajjaj and allowed him free rein over the eastern half of the caliphate. Moreover, al-Hajjaj strongly influenced al-Walid's internal decision-making, with officials often being installed and dismissed upon

2024-470: The 13 pairs of would-be entrepreneurs had to be from the same family, to reflect the "family aspect of business in the Arab world". Juffali also had a separate company, W Investments, a private wealth management company. The CEO is Jamil El Imad, also managing director and chief scientist of his NeuroPro company. On 9 November 2015, The Daily Telegraph reported that Juffali had gained legal immunity in

2112-443: The 9th-century historian Umar ibn Shabba . Several panegyrics were dedicated to al-Walid and his sons by al-Farazdaq , his official court poet. The latter's contemporary, Jarir , lamented the caliph's death in verse: "O eye, weep copious tears aroused by remembrance; after today there is no point in your tears being stored." The Christian poet al-Akhtal considered al-Walid to be "the caliph of God through whose sunna rain

2200-827: The Arab–Israeli conflict See also [ edit ] Al-Walid (disambiguation) References [ edit ] ^ Behind the Name: Walid [REDACTED] Name list This page or section lists people that share the same given name . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Waleed&oldid=1259945945 " Categories : Given names Arabic-language masculine given names Masculine given names Hidden categories: Articles containing Arabic-language text Articles with short description Short description

2288-455: The Baptist . By al-Walid's reign, the musalla could not cope with the fast-growing Muslim community and no sufficient free spaces were available in Damascus for a large congregational mosque. In 705, al-Walid had the cathedral converted into a mosque, compensating local Christians with other properties in the city. Most of the structure was demolished. Al-Walid's architects replaced

2376-517: The Byzantine capital Constantinople . Al-Walid died in 715 and the siege was carried out under his successors, ending in 718 as a disaster for the Arabs. Al-Walid entrusted most of Syria's military districts to his sons; al-Abbas was assigned to Homs , Abd al-Aziz to Damascus , and Umar to Jordan . In Palestine , al-Walid's brother Sulayman had been appointed by their father as governor and remained in office under al-Walid. Sulayman sheltered

2464-1128: The Government Walid Haj Yahia (1936-2015), Israeli politician Walid Muallem (1941-2020), Syrian politician and diplomat Walid Jumblatt (born 1949), Lebanese politician Business [ edit ] Walid Daouk (born 1958), Lebanese businessman and politician Walid Juffali (1955-2016), Saudi businessman Walid Sadi (born 1979), Algerian businessman Walid Mostafa (born 1972), Egyptian media businessman Others [ edit ] Walid Khalidi (born 1925), Palestinian historian Walid Saleh , Islamic scholar Walid Phares (born 1957), Lebanese-American conservative pundit Walid al-Kubaisi (1958-2018), Iraqi-born Norwegian writer Walid Shoebat , Palestinian-born American ex-Muslim activist Walid bin Attash (born 1978), Yemeni suspect terrorist in American custody at Guantanamo Bay Walid Raad (born 1967), media artist Walid Siti (born 1952), Kurdish painter and artist Maes Rapper , French rapper real name

2552-480: The Hejaz and leader of the Hajj pilgrimage. Both offices were of great prestige owing to the central religious importance of Mecca and Medina, the two holiest cities of Islam . Al-Walid dismissed him in 706 as punishment for flogging and humiliating the prominent Medinan scholar Sa'id ibn al-Musayyib for refusing to give the oath of allegiance to al-Walid as heir apparent during Abd al-Malik's reign. Although Hisham's act

2640-485: The Hejaz once again developing into a center of anti-Umayyad activity as it had during the Second Muslim Civil War, dismissed Umar in 712. He split the governorship of the Hejaz, appointing al-Hajjaj's nominees Khalid ibn Abdallah al-Qasri to Mecca and Uthman ibn Hayyan al-Murri to Medina. Neither was ever appointed to lead the Hajj, al-Walid reserving that office for Maslama and his own sons. As

2728-518: The High Court had ordered Philip Hammond , the then British Foreign Secretary, to certify whether the UK had formally accepted Juffali as a diplomat representing St Lucia, as his ex-wife's lawyer stated that Juffali had never attended an IMO meeting. The judge lifted restrictions on reporting his ex-wife's claim that Juffali was seriously ill with cancer in a Swiss hospital since, if he were to die before

Waleed - Misplaced Pages Continue

2816-537: The Muslim Arabs of Syria , who held him in high esteem. His reign was marked by domestic peace and prosperity and likely represented the peak of Umayyad power, though it is difficult to ascertain his direct role in its affairs. The balance al-Walid maintained among the elites, including the Qays and Yaman army factions , may have been his key personal achievement. On the other hand, the massive military expenditures of his rule, as well as his extravagant grants to

2904-518: The Qays in 691, but competition for influence between the two factions intensified as the Syrian army was increasingly empowered and deployed to the provinces, where they replaced or supplemented Iraqi and other garrisons. Al-Walid maintained his father's policy of balancing the power of the two factions in the military and administration. According to the historian Hugh N. Kennedy , it is "possible that

2992-695: The UK, having been appointed as St Lucia 's "Permanent Representative" to the International Maritime Organization (IMO), which is headquartered in London. Two days later, St Lucia's Office of the Prime Minister issued a statement confirming that Juffali was appointed to the role in April 2014, "that all necessary due diligence was done prior to the appointment", and it declined the request from his ex-wife's lawyers to "lift

3080-688: The Umayyads reached their furthest territorial extent. Expansion from the eastern frontiers was overseen by al-Hajjaj from Iraq. His lieutenant governor of Khurasan , Qutayba ibn Muslim , launched several campaigns in Transoxiana (Central Asia), which had been a largely impenetrable region for earlier Muslim armies, between 705 and 715. Qutayba gained the surrender of Bukhara in 706–709, Khwarazm and Samarkand in 711–712, and Farghana in 713. He mainly secured Umayyad suzerainty through tributary alliances with local rulers, whose power remained intact. With Qutayba's death in 716, his army disbanded and

3168-464: The area between Malatya (Melitene) and al-Massisa (Mopsuestia), while in the following year, he targeted a place known in Arabic sources as 'Atmar', located at some point north of Malatya. He also led the annual Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca in 698. In 700 or 701, al-Walid patronized the construction or expansion of Qasr Burqu' , a fortified Syrian Desert outpost on the route connecting Palmyra in

3256-431: The assessment of Shaban: Walīd I's reign (705–15/86–96) was in every way a direct continuation of his father's and was unruffled. Ḥajjāj remained in power, in fact he became more powerful, and the same policies were followed. The only difference was that the tranquillity of these years allowed Walīd to develop further the internal implications of the ʿAbdulmalik-Ḥajjāj policy. The historian Gerald Hawting comments that

3344-679: The board of directors for Siemens Arabia and became the board member of Nabors (Oil and Gas). Juffali had a 5% stake in Hitachi after investing $ 100m in the project through WJCO (Al-Walid Al Juffali Company) in January 2009. W Investments also had an 11% stake in Manchester United after purchasing the stake in May 2012. He was the chairman of E. A. Juffali and Brothers , a position he had held since at least 2005. In 2005, Juffali

3432-399: The building of a large-scale mosque in Medina, the original center of the caliphate, was an "acknowledgement" by al-Walid of "his own roots and those of Islam itself" and possibly an attempt to appease Medinan resentment at the loss of the city's political importance to Syria under the Umayyads. In the words of McMillan, the mosque and the works benefitting the pilgrims to the holy cities "were

3520-490: The caliph kept it [the rivalry] on the boil so that one faction [would] not acquire a monopoly of power". Al-Walid's mother genealogically belonged to the Qays and he accorded Qaysi officials certain advantages. However, Wellhausen doubts that al-Walid preferred one faction over the other, "for he had no need to do so, and it is not reported" by the medieval historians. The Qays–Yaman division intensified under al-Walid's successors, who did not maintain his balancing act. The feud

3608-421: The caliphate and were "a drain on the treasury", according to the historian Khalid Yahya Blankinship . More significant were the costs to equip and pay the armies driving the conquests. The substantial expenditures under both Abd al-Malik and al-Walid became a financial burden on their successors, under whom the flow of war spoils, on which the caliphal economy depended, began to diminish. Blankinship notes that

Waleed - Misplaced Pages Continue

3696-577: The case was concluded, her claim would become irrelevant, and she and their daughter would receive no further monthly payments. In February 2016, the High Court dismissed Juffali's claim of diplomatic immunity as 'spurious'. Juffali appealed the judgment to the Court of Appeal, and was supported by an intervention from the Foreign Secretary. The Court of Appeal overturned the High Court's dismissal of Juffali's immunity, but ruled that his immunity

3784-453: The cities. They invested in land reclamation projects, entailing irrigation networks and canals, which boosted agricultural production. Al-Hajjaj also carried out irrigation and canal projects in Iraq during this period, in a bid to restore its agricultural infrastructure, damaged by years of warfare, and to find employment for its demobilized inhabitants. Al-Walid or his son al-Abbas founded

3872-410: The city of Anjar , between Damascus and Beirut , in 714. It included a mosque, palace, and residential, commercial, and administrative structures. According to the art historian Robert Hillenbrand , Anjar "has the best claim of any Islamic foundation datable before 750 ... to be a city", though it was probably abandoned within forty years of its construction. In the Hejaz, al-Walid attempted to redress

3960-409: The combined reigns of al-Walid and Abd al-Malik, tied together by al-Hajjaj, represented in "some ways the high point of Umayyad power, witnessing significant territorial advances both in the east and the west and the emergence of a more marked Arabic and Islamic character in the state's public face". Domestically, it was generally a period of peace and prosperity. Kennedy asserts that al-Walid's reign

4048-416: The conference became an annual event. In 2016, the brain forum hosted more than 1,400 participants from 31 different countries. Juffali was also fluent in four languages: Arabic, English, French, and German. Juffali was the chair of Saudi American Bank and wholly-owned his own specialist Neuroscience company, NeuroPro. In 2005, he was appointed chair of Dow Chemical Arabia . In the same year, he chaired

4136-428: The demolished space with a large prayer hall and a courtyard bordered on all sides by a closed portico with double arcades. The mosque was completed in 711. The army of Damascus, numbering some 45,000 soldiers, were taxed a quarter of their salaries for nine years to pay for its construction. The scale and grandeur of the great mosque made it a "symbol of the political supremacy and moral prestige of Islam", according to

4224-503: The deposed governor of Khurasan, Yazid ibn al-Muhallab , a fugitive from al-Hajjaj's prison, in 708. Despite his initial disapproval, al-Walid pardoned Yazid as a result of Sulayman's lobbying and payment of the heavy fine that al-Hajjaj had imposed on Yazid. Between 693 and 700, Abd al-Malik and al-Hajjaj initiated the dual processes of establishing a single Islamic currency in place of the previously used Byzantine and Sasanian coinage and replacing Greek and Persian with Arabic as

4312-432: The descendants of the fourth caliph, Ali ( r.  656–661 ), and the prominent Umayyad statesman, Sa'id ibn al-As . Al-Walid married two of Ali's great-granddaughters, Nafisa bint Zayd ibn al-Hasan and Zaynab bint al-Hasan ibn al-Hasan. He married Sa'id's daughter, Amina, whose brother al-Ashdaq had been removed from the line of succession by Marwan and was killed in an attempt to topple Abd al-Malik. One of his wives

4400-563: The diplomatic immunity of Dr. Juffali to compel Dr. Juffali to testify in the civil suit ... this is a civil matter in which it does not desire to get involved." On 26 December 2015, The Daily Telegraph reported that it understood that the British Foreign Office had intervened to ask St Lucia to waive Juffali's immunity amid concerns that he was using it to protect his wealth from his ex-wife during divorce proceedings. On 21 January 2016, The Daily Telegraph reported that

4488-415: The dispatch of Egyptian laborers and craftsmen to help build the "Mosque of Jerusalem". It is likely that the unfinished administrative and residential structures that were built opposite the southern and eastern walls of the Temple Mount, next to the mosque, date to the era of al-Walid, who died before they could be completed. In 706 or 707, al-Walid instructed Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz to significantly enlarge

SECTION 50

#1732783436358

4576-562: The elder statesman Marwan I ( r.  684–685 ), was recognized as caliph by pro-Umayyad Arab tribes. With the tribes' support, he restored the dynasty's rule in Syria and Egypt by the end of his reign. Abd al-Malik succeeded Marwan and conquered the rest of the caliphate, namely Iraq , Iran , and Arabia. With the key assistance of his viceroy of Iraq, al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf , Abd al-Malik instituted several centralization measures, which consolidated Umayyad territorial gains. The war with

4664-485: The enormous losses incurred during the 717–718 siege of Constantinople alone "practically wiped out the gains made under al-Walid". Compared to his brothers, al-Walid had an "exceptional number of marriages", at least nine, which "reflect both his seniority in age ... and his prestige as a likely successor" to Abd al-Malik, according to the historian Andrew Marsham. The marriages were intended to forge political alliances, including with potential rival families like those of

4752-533: The following year. By 716, a year after al-Walid's death, Hispania had been largely conquered . The massive war spoils netted by the conquests of Transoxiana, Sind and Hispania were comparable to the amounts accrued in the Muslim conquests during the reign of Caliph Umar ( r.  634–644 ). Al-Walid appointed his half-brother Maslama as governor of the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia) and charged him with leading

4840-580: The growing non-Arab populations in the cities. Welfare programs included financial relief for the poor and servants to assist the handicapped, though this initiative was limited to Syria, and only to the Arab Muslims there. As such, Shaban considered it "a special state subsidy to the ruling class". Al-Walid turned the example of his father's construction of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem into

4928-406: The hardships of pilgrims making the trek to Mecca by having water wells dug throughout the province, improving access through the mountain passes, and building a drinking fountain in Mecca. The historian M. A. Shaban theorizes that while al-Walid's projects in the cities of Syria and the Hejaz had a "utilitarian purpose", they were mainly intended to provide employment, in the form of cheap labor, for

5016-459: The historian Nikita Elisséeff. Noting al-Walid's awareness of architecture's propaganda value, Hillenbrand calls the mosque a "victory monument" intended as a "visible statement of Muslim supremacy and permanence". The mosque has maintained its original form until the present day. In Jerusalem, al-Walid continued his father's works on the Temple Mount . There is disagreement as to whether

5104-450: The holy cities' religious circles. He led the Hajj for at least four of the six years he was in office, with al-Walid's son Umar leading it in 707 and al-Walid leading it in 710, the only time he left Syria during his caliphate. Umar provided safe haven to Iraqis evading the persecution of al-Hajjaj. Umar informed al-Walid of al-Hajjaj's abuses, while al-Hajjaj advised the caliph to dismiss Umar for hosting Iraqi rebels. Al-Walid, wary of

5192-400: The human brain. Juffali launched the brain forum, where his vision was to create a platform that would contribute to the progression of brain research and encourage global collaboration and initiatives with the potential to transform lives. Juffali successfully held a state-of-the-art conference in 2013, followed by a second in 2015, with over 1,000 participants from 27 countries. Following this,

5280-566: The islamic prophet Al-Walid ibn uqba Governor and sahab Al-Walid al-mughira , Quraysh tribe chief Al-Walid I (674-715), sixth Umayyad caliph Al Walid ben Zidan (died 1636), tenth sultan of the Saadi Sultanate in Morocco Politicians [ edit ] Walid Iqbal , Pakistani politician, lawyer and grandson of Muhammad Iqbal Walid al-Samaani (born 1977), Saudi Arabian jurist and administrator of

5368-432: The language of the bureaucracy in Syria and Iraq, respectively. These administrative reforms continued under al-Walid, during whose reign, in 705 or 706, Arabic replaced Greek and Coptic in the diwan (government departments) of Egypt. The change was implemented by al-Walid's half-brother, Abd Allah , the governor of Egypt and appointee of Abd al-Malik. These policies effected the gradual transition of Arabic as

SECTION 60

#1732783436358

5456-490: The latter refused to step down from the line of succession, he died in 704 or early 705, removing the principal obstacle to al-Walid's nomination. After the death of Abd al-Malik on 9 October 705, al-Walid acceded. Al-Walid was physically described by the 9th-century historian al-Ya'qubi as "tall and swarthy ... snub-nosed ... with a touch of gray [sic] at the tip of his beard". He noted that al-Walid "spoke ungrammatically". To his father's chagrin, al-Walid abandoned speaking

5544-456: The lines of his sons al-Abbas and Umar survived, including the Habibi family, which attained prominence in the Umayyad emirate of al-Andalus after its establishment in 756. Walid Juffali He was also the chairman of Saudi American Bank , The Saudi Cement Company, and sat on the boards of numerous powerful companies, including Saudi Hollandi Bank and many others. Juffali also had

5632-726: The lion of Allah Najiyah bint Al-Walid , Sahab of prophet Muhammad Places [ edit ] Al-Waleed , an Iraqi town along the Iraq–Syria border Bani Walid , a town in Libya Valladolid , a city in Spain Valladolid , a city in Mexico Vehicles [ edit ] MV  Walid  (1933) , a Lebanese cargo ship from 1979 to 1985 (originally German-built fishing trawler) Walid (armoured personnel carrier) , an Egyptian APC used in

5720-401: The mother of al-Walid's son Yazid III ( r.  744–744 ) was Shah-i-Afrid (also called Shahfarand), the daughter of the Sasanian prince Peroz III and granddaughter of the last Sasanian king, Yazdegerd III ( r.  632–651 ). She had been taken captive in the conquest of Transoxiana and was gifted to al-Walid by al-Hajjaj. The mother of his son Ibrahim ( r.  744–744 )

5808-474: The north with the Azraq oasis and Wadi Sirhan basin in the south, ultimately leading to Mecca and Medina. His patronage is attested by an inscription naming him as "the emir al-Walid, son of the commander of the faithful ". According to the historian Jere L. Bacharach , al-Walid built the nearby site of Jabal Says , likely as a Bedouin summer encampment between his base of operations in al-Qaryatayn and Qasr Burqu'. Bacharach speculates that al-Walid used

5896-415: The outskirts of Damascus, on 23 February 715, about one year after al-Hajjaj's death. He was buried in Damascus at the cemetery of Bab al-Saghir or Bab al-Faradis and Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz led the funeral prayers. Al-Walid unsuccessfully attempted to nominate his son Abd al-Aziz as his successor and void the arrangements set by his father, in which Sulayman was to succeed al-Walid. Relations between

5984-402: The sites, located in the territory of Arab tribes, to reaffirm their loyalty, which had been critical to the Umayyads during the civil war. Toward the end of his reign, Abd al-Malik, supported by al-Hajjaj, attempted to nominate al-Walid as his successor, abrogating the arrangement set by Marwan whereby Abd al-Malik's brother, the governor of Egypt, Abd al-Aziz , was slated to succeed. Though

6072-428: The sole official language of the state, unified the varied tax systems of the caliphate's provinces and contributed to the establishment of a more ideologically Islamic government. In 709, al-Walid replaced Abd Allah with his katib (scribe), Qurra ibn Sharik al-Absi , who belonged to the same tribe as the caliph's mother. This was prompted either because of mounting complaints against Abd Allah's corruption, which

6160-458: The staff". Juffali's art collection, estimated at £4 million, was auctioned onsite at Bishopsgate House by Bonham's on 26 March 2018. In November 2012, Juffali married then 25-year-old Lebanese model and TV presenter Loujain Adada in Venice. In 2022, Adada, commonly known as "LJ", starred in the Netflix reality show Dubai Bling . Juffali's estate and death are spoken about on the show. On 20 July 2016, Juffali died in Zürich, Switzerland, after

6248-435: The two brothers had become strained. Sulayman acceded and dismissed nearly all of al-Walid's governors. Although he maintained the militarist policies of al-Walid and Abd al-Malik, expansion of the caliphate largely ground to a halt under Sulayman ( r.  715–717 ). According to the historian Giorgio Levi Della Vida , "The caliphate of al-Walīd saw the harvest of the seed planted by the long work of ʿAbd al-Malik". In

6336-401: The viceroy's recommendation. The renewal of the Muslim conquests on the eastern and western frontiers had begun under Abd al-Malik, after he neutralized the Umayyads' domestic opponents. Under al-Walid, the armies of the caliphate "received a fresh impulse" and a "period of great conquests" began, in the words of the historian Julius Wellhausen . During the second half of al-Walid's reign,

6424-491: The war effort against Byzantium. Although Maslama established a strong power base in the frontier zone, the Umayyads made few territorial gains during al-Walid's reign. After a lengthy siege , the Byzantine fortress of Tyana was captured and sacked in c.  708 . Al-Walid did not lead any of the annual or bi-annual campaigns, but his eldest son al-Abbas fought reputably alongside Maslama. His other sons Abd al-Aziz , Umar , Bishr and Marwan also led raids. By 712,

6512-586: The weak Arab position in Transoxiana allowed for the local princes and the Turgesh nomads to roll back most of Qutayba's gains by the early 720s. From 708 or 709, al-Hajjaj's nephew, Muhammad ibn al-Qasim , conquered Sind , the northwestern part of South Asia. In the west, al-Walid's governor in Ifriqiya (central North Africa ), Musa ibn Nusayr , another holdover from Abd al-Malik's reign, subjugated

6600-483: The west, bringing the caliphate to its largest territorial extent. War spoils from the conquests enabled al-Walid to finance impressive public works, including his greatest architectural achievement, the Great Mosque of Damascus , as well as the al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem and the Prophet's Mosque in Medina . He was the first caliph to institute programs for social welfare, aiding the poor and handicapped among

6688-531: Was "remarkably successful and represents, perhaps, the zenith of Umayyad power", though his direct role in these successes is unclear and his primary accomplishment may have been maintaining the equilibrium between the rival factions of the Umayyad family and military. By virtue of the conquests of Hispania, Sind and Transoxiana during his reign, his patronage of the great mosques of Damascus and Medina, and his charitable works, al-Walid's Syrian contemporaries viewed him as "the worthiest of their caliphs", according to

6776-511: Was a concubine named Su'ar or Budayra. His other sons by concubines were Umar, Bishr, Masrur , Mansur, Rawh, Khalid, Jaz, Maslama, Tammam, Mubashshir, Yahya, and Sadaqa. In 744, around a dozen of al-Walid's sons, probably resentful at being sidelined from the caliphal succession, conspired with other Umayyad princes and elites under Yazid III to topple their cousin Caliph al-Walid II ( r.  743–744 ). His assassination in April 744 sparked

6864-506: Was a daughter of a Qurayshite leader, Abd Allah ibn Muti , who was a key official under Ibn al-Zubayr. Among his other wives was a woman of the Qaysi Banu Fazara tribe, with whom he had his son Abu Ubayda. Marsham notes al-Walid's marriage to his first cousin, Umm al-Banin , "tied the fortunes" of Abd al-Malik and her father, Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan. From her al-Walid had his sons Abd al-Aziz, Muhammad, Marwan, and Anbasa, and

6952-415: Was a major contributor to the Umayyad regime's demise in 750. From the beginning of his rule, al-Walid inaugurated public works and social welfare programs on a scale unprecedented in the caliphate's history. The efforts were financed by treasure accrued from the conquests and tax revenue. He and his brothers and sons built way-stations and dug wells along the roads in Syria and installed street lighting in

7040-402: Was also a graduate of Imperial College , where he received a doctorate in neurosciences in 2012. His PhD thesis was entitled, "A Novel Algorithm for Detection and Prediction of Neural Anomalies". Juffali developed a great interest in brain theory. He launched multiple initiatives and programs that continue to serve and educate various community sectors and focus on developing and understanding

7128-570: Was also chairman of Saudi American Bank as well as the chair of the Jeddah Chamber of Commerce and Industry. In December 2005, the Middle East Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) announced that Juffali would host its entrepreneurial reality show, The Investor , which would be shown early in 2006. In her book Arab Television Today , Naomi Sakr compared the show to The Apprentice , but noted that each of

7216-407: Was blamed for Egypt's first recorded famine under Islamic rule, or a desire to install a loyalist as governor. Qurra ibn Sharik served until his death in 715 and established a more efficient means of tax collection, reorganized Egypt's army and, on al-Walid's orders, restored the mosque of Fustat . Al-Walid initially kept Abd al-Malik's appointee, Hisham ibn Isma'il al-Makhzumi , as governor of

7304-593: Was fellow Saudi, Basma Al-Sulaiman, who received £40 million in a divorce settlement in 2000. They married in Jeddah , Saudi Arabia, in 1980, where they lived in a marble palace. They had three children, one son and two daughters. (Dina, Hala, and Mohammed). Mohammed died in 2012. In 2001, Juffali married Christina Estrada, an American former Pirelli Calendar model, but they divorced in 2014. Estrada started divorce proceedings in 2012, after Juffali married Loujain Adada (Saudi law allows up to four wives), and has made

7392-818: Was from Unayzah , Al-Qassim . The Al-Juffali are members of the Bani Khalid dynasty, rulers of Eastern Arabia during the early 1600s to the late 1800s after military defeats against the Saudis. The family are most notable for being direct descendants of Khālid ibn al-Walīd . His mother was Suad bint Ibrahim Al Husseini, the granddaughter of Kamil of Jerusalem and niece of Hajj Amin of Jerusalem . Juffali had two full-brothers: Khalid bin Ahmed Al Juffali , and Tarek bin Ahmed Al Juffali. After completing his elementary and secondary education between Jeddah and Switzerland, he continued his university education at

7480-407: Was in support of al-Walid, he considered it an abusive excess. According to the historian M. E. McMillan, other than al-Walid's "sense of righteous indignation", dynastic politics motivated his dismissal order. Hisham was the maternal grandfather of al-Walid's half-brother Hisham , who was a contender for the caliphal succession, which al-Walid coveted for his son Abd al-Aziz. Rather than leaving such

7568-603: Was not relevant to the divorce claim, which it allowed to proceed. The divorce of Juffali and his second wife, Christina Estrada, was concluded in the British courts in July 2016. Estrada was awarded £75 million, the largest such settlement in English legal history. Juffali was one of three Saudi Arabians who donated at least $ 3 million to the Clinton Presidential Center . Juffali's first wife

7656-657: Was part of the larger Abu al-As line in the Hejaz (western Arabia , where Mecca and Medina are located). His mother, Wallada bint al-Abbas ibn al-Jaz, was a descendant of Zuhayr ibn Jadhima , a famous 6th-century chief of the Banu Abs tribe. In 684, after Umayyad rule collapsed amid the Second Muslim Civil War , the Umayyads of the Hejaz were expelled by a rival claimant to the caliphate, Ibn al-Zubayr , and relocated to Syria. There al-Walid's grandfather,

7744-575: Was the eldest son of his predecessor, Caliph Abd al-Malik ( r.  685–705 ). As a prince, he led annual raids against the Byzantines from 695 to 698 and built or restored fortifications along the Syrian Desert route to Mecca . He became heir apparent in c.  705 , after the death of the designated successor, Abd al-Malik's brother Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan . Under al-Walid, his father's efforts to centralize government, impose

#357642