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82-657: The brewery has product in many local bars in the area of Windsor and Essex County and the LCBO . Products: This beer or brewery -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Ontario -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Essex County, Ontario Essex County is a primarily rural county in Southwestern Ontario , Canada comprising seven municipalities: Amherstburg , Kingsville , Lakeshore , LaSalle , Leamington , Tecumseh and

164-494: A change of 6% from its 2016 population of 398,953 . With a land area of 1,844.21 km (712.05 sq mi), it had a population density of 229.3/km (593.9/sq mi) in 2021. The County of Essex is governed by a County Council, whose members are the mayors and deputy mayors from the seven lower-tier municipalities of the county. The Head of Council is known as the Warden. The term of office for County Councillors and

246-888: A decorated Wendat-Huron soldier of World War II whose name in French was Jean-Baptiste Lainé. All four Lainé brothers, from the Huron-Wendat Reserve in Wendake, Quebec, fought through and survived the WWII. Each of the sites had been surrounded by a defensive wooden palisade , as was typical of regional cultures. Four Wendat ancestral village sites have been excavated in Whitchurch-Stouffville . The large Mantle site had more than 70 multifamily longhouses . Based on radiocarbon dating, it has been determined to have been occupied from 1587 to 1623. Its population

328-602: A division of the Attignawantan. The largest Wendat settlement and capital of the confederacy, at least during the time of Jean de Brébeuf and the Jesuits was located at Ossossane . When Gabriel Sagard was among them however, Quienonascaran was the principal village of the Attignawantan, when Samuel de Champlain and Father Joseph Le Caron were among the Hurons in 1615, a village called Carhagouha may have been

410-614: A game with the French to ensure that they would ally with the Huron-Wendat against Haudenosaunee-Iroquois aggression. Later, and directly before his death at 52, he led the 1701 final Indian congress between many of the different Indigenous nations, creating the Great Peace of Montreal , a peace treaty between New France and 39 First Nations of North America that ended the Beaver Wars . On September 5, 1760, just prior to

492-585: A gun from French traders in Canada. Therefore, they were unprepared, on March 16, 1649, when a Haudenosaunee war party of about 1,000 entered Wendake and burned the Huron mission villages of St. Ignace and St. Louis in present-day Simcoe County , Ontario, killing about 300 people. The Iroquois also killed many of the Jesuit missionaries, who have since been honored as North American Martyrs . The surviving Jesuits burned

574-729: A large francophone population. Amherstburg and Sandwich were the first towns established in Essex County, both in 1796 after the British finally ceded and evacuated Fort Detroit along the Detroit River under the terms of the " Jay Treaty ". This was negotiated by John Jay , and signed in 1794 following the American Revolutionary War. It was intended to settle the US northern boundary with Canada. It upheld

656-511: A significant disadvantage when firearms were available to them, and when available, their possession of firearms made them a larger target for Iroquois aggression. After 1634 their numbers were drastically reduced by epidemics of new infectious diseases carried by Europeans, among whom these were endemic. The weakened Wendat were dispersed by the war in 1649 waged by the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, then based largely south of

738-536: A single nation, but a confederacy of several nations who had mutually intelligible languages. These self-governing nations included: The Attinniaoenten and Hatingeennonniahak first allied in the 15th century. Arendaenronnon joined them about 1590, and the Atahontaenrat join around 1610. The fifth group, the Ataronchronon may not have attained full membership in the confederacy, and may have been

820-419: A tobacco pouch behind the back, a pipe in the hand; around their necks and arms bead necklaces and bracelets of porcelain; they also suspend these from their ears, and around their locks of hair. They grease their hair and faces; they also streak their faces with black and red paint. The total population of the Huron at the time of European contact has been estimated at 20,000 to 40,000 people. From 1634 to 1640,

902-721: Is administered by the Greater Essex County District School Board , along with the Windsor-Essex Catholic District School Board which oversees English-language Catholic education. French-language public and Catholic education are overseen by the Conseil scolaire Viamonde and the Conseil scolaire catholique Providence respectively. The scope of all of these organizations includes both the County and

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984-399: Is compared to the near-universal use of European iron tools by Iroquois groups in the area. Huron trade routes were consistently pillaged by raiders, and the lack of firearms discouraged the Hurons' trade with the French, at least without French protection. As a result of their lack of exposure, the Huron did not have as much experience using firearms compared to their neighbors, putting them at

1066-450: Is home to Canada's largest wind farm as of June 2012. This is due to both its ideal wind conditions and abundance of available farmland. Essex County has one of Canada's longest growing seasons at 212 days per year. Leamington, a town in Essex County, has also been known for its greenhouses . It now has the largest concentration of commercial greenhouses in all of North America, with nearly 2000 acres of greenhouse vegetable production in

1148-579: Is now the south or Canadian side of the Detroit River , across from the French Fort Detroit. They cultivated long, narrow plots of land along the river. Despite the name, this is not a river as such but rather a strait connecting Lake Huron and the smaller Lake Saint Clair in the north to Lake Erie in the south, as part of the Great Lakes . Lower down the river, lands were occupied by native people known as Wyandot or Huron, around

1230-520: Is responsible for issues that include transportation, community and social services (e.g. homes for the aged, child care, social housing), libraries, planning, emergency management coordination and corporate-wide business such as finance and taxation policies, general corporate policy and labour relations. The County does not have a police force or fire services, for which the seven municipalities are responsible. English-language public education for kindergarten through secondary school grades in Essex County

1312-664: Is testament to this period. Many of the descendants of the fugitives moved back to the United States to support the Northerners ( Union Army ) in the American Civil War , (1861–1865), or to reconnect with family after emancipation . Many families stayed. By the late 19th century Essex County had seen fur trading and logging, land clearing and farming, road building and railway development, saw mills and gristmills, railway stations and water ports. By this time

1394-753: Is to molest, or interrupt them in returning to their Settlement at LORETTE; and they are received upon the same terms with the Canadians, being allowed the free Exercise of their Religion, their Customs, and Liberty of trading with the English: – recommending it to the Officers commanding the Posts, to treat them kindly. Given under my hand at Longueuil, this 5th day of September 1760. By the Genl's Command, JA. MURRAY. JOHN CONAN, Adjut. Genl. The treaty recognized

1476-542: The Missouri Republican reported that the judges of the election were three elders who were trusted by their peers. The Wyandot offered some of the floating sections of land for sale on the same day at $ 800. A section was composed of 640 acres (2.6 km ). Altogether 20,480 acres (82.9 km ) were sold for $ 25,600. They were located in Kansas, Nebraska, and unspecified sites. Surveys were not required, with

1558-592: The American Revolution , and the War of 1812 (1812–1815), which also was a confrontation over the northern border, some people continued to migrate north to the area. Settlers also arrived from the east seeking land, traveling by Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River of Lower Canada . Settlers began to move eastward along the north shore of Lake Erie. The colonial government purchased land for development from

1640-807: The Iroquoian language family . In Canada, the Huron-Wendat Nation has two First Nations reserves at Wendake, Quebec . In the United States, the Wyandotte Nation is a federally recognized tribe headquartered in Wyandotte, Oklahoma . There are also organizations that self-identify as Wyandot. The Wendat emerged as a confederacy of five nations in the St. Lawrence River Valley, especially in Southern Ontario, including

1722-473: The precontact Wendat occupied the large area from the north shores of most of the present-day Lake Ontario , northward up to the southeastern shores of Georgian Bay . From this homeland, they encountered the French explorer Samuel de Champlain in 1615. They historically spoke the Wyandot language , a Northern Iroquoian language. They were believed to number more than 30,000 at the time of European contact in

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1804-579: The "Flathead" Catawba got them in trouble with their former ally the Odawa . In August 1782, the Wyandot joined forces with Simon Girty , a British soldier. On August 15 through 19, 1782, they unsuccessfully besieged Bryan Station in Kentucky (near present-day Lexington). They drew the Kentucky militia to Lower Blue Licks , where the Wyandot defeated the militia led by Daniel Boone . The Wyandot gained

1886-685: The 1610s to 1620s. In 1975 and 1978, archaeologists excavated a large 15th-century Huron village, now called the Draper site , in Pickering, Ontario near Lake Ontario . In 2003 a larger village was discovered five kilometres (3.1 mi) away in Whitchurch-Stouffville ; it is known as the Mantle Site and was occupied from the late 16th to early 17th century. It has been renamed the Jean-Baptiste Lainé Site, named in honor of

1968-698: The 1840s the Great Famine led to significant immigration. The village of Maidstone was the centre of the Irish community, and an area known as the "Scotch Colony" appeared along the shore of Lake St. Clair to the north. In 1854 the Great Western Railway connected the Detroit frontier with the east, crossing Essex County. The Canadian terminal was in Windsor, which consequently forged ahead of

2050-532: The 1840s, most of the surviving Wyandot people were displaced to Kansas Indigenous territory through the US federal policy of forced Indian removal . Using the funds they received for their lands in Ohio, the Wyandot purchased 23,000 acres (93 km ) of land for $ 46,080 in what is now Wyandotte County, Kansas from the Lenape. The Lenape had been grateful for the hospitality which the Wyandot had given them in Ohio, as

2132-657: The Algonquin words ka-ron ("straight coast") or tu-ron ("crooked coast"). In the late 17th century, elements of the Huron Confederacy and the Petun joined and became known as the Wyandot, a variation of Wendat. Early theories placed the Wendat's origin in the St. Lawrence Valley . Some historians or anthropologists proposed the people were located near the present-day site of Montreal and former sites of

2214-636: The British military presence from the more heavily populated area of Sandwich upstream, and positioned strategically to control the entrance of the river from Lake Erie and Lake Huron to the north. The populations of both towns were augmented by people immigrating from the southern United States after the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), including from the new City of Detroit , who chose to remain British subjects , known as " Loyalists " or " United Empire Loyalists ". After

2296-739: The City of Windsor. Until 1998 the Essex County Board of Education operated Anglophone secular public schools. Public post-secondary education is available at the University of Windsor , St. Clair College , and more recently Collège Boréal . Essex-Windsor Emergency Medical Services (EMS) provides pre-hospital treatment and transportation to over 45,000 patients per year. The service operates out of 12 bases, and employs over 260 Primary Care Paramedics . Essex-Windsor EMS covers all of Essex County, Windsor, and Pelee Island. Essex County

2378-609: The Delaware in 1843. Also, the government granted 32 "floating sections", located on public lands west of the Mississippi River. In June 1853, Big Turtle , a Wyandot chief, wrote to the Ohio State Journal regarding the current condition of his tribe. The Wyandot had received nearly $ 127,000 for their lands in 1845. Big Turtle noted that, in the spring of 1850, the tribal chiefs retroceded the granted land to

2460-535: The French arrived, the Huron had already been in conflict with the Haudenosaunee Confederacy (Five Nations) to the south. Once the European powers became involved in trading, the conflict among natives intensified significantly as they struggled to control the lucrative fur trade and satisfy European demand. The French allied with the Huron because they were the most advanced trading nation at

2542-651: The Great Lakes in New York and Pennsylvania. Archaeological evidence of this displacement has been uncovered at the Rock Island II Site in Wisconsin. By May 1, 1649, the Huron had burned 15 of their villages to prevent their stores from being taken and fled as refugees to surrounding areas. About 10,000 fled to Gahoendoe (now also called Christian Island). Most who fled to the island starved over

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2624-623: The Huron (Wendat) as a distinct nation and guaranteed that the British would not interfere with the nation's internal affairs. In 1990, the Supreme Court of Canada, ruling in R v Sioui , found that the Huron-British Treaty of 1760 was still valid and binding on the Canadian Crown . Accordingly, the exercise of Wendat religion, customs, and trade benefit from continuing Canadian constitutional protection throughout

2706-585: The Huron were devastated by Eurasian infectious diseases, such as measles and smallpox, which were endemic among the Europeans. The Indigenous peoples of North America had no acquired immunity to these diseases and suffered very high mortality rates. Epidemiological studies have shown that beginning in 1634, more European children emigrated with their families to the New World from cities in France, Britain, and

2788-406: The Huron, either from the French huron ("ruffian", "rustic"), or from hure ("boar's head"). According to tradition, French sailors thought that the bristly hairstyle of Wendat warriors resembled that of a boar . French fur traders and explorers referred to them as the " bon Iroquois " (good Iroquois). An alternate etymology from Russell Errett in 1885 is that the name is from

2870-478: The Indigenous in the southern half of the current county, located in the four townships formerly known as Gosfield North and South, and Colchester North and South. The British Court made land available for settlement, provided that the colonist complete certain improvements within a year and that it not be used for speculation. This area became known as the "New Settlement" (as compared to the "Old Settlement" of

2952-579: The Iroquoian term Irri-ronon ("Cat Nation"), a name also applied to the Erie nation. The French pronounced the name as Hirri-ronon , and it gradually became known as Hirr-on , and finally spelled in its present form, Huron . William Martin Beauchamp concurred in 1907 that Huron was at least related to the Iroquoian root ronon ("nation"). Other etymological possibilities are derived from

3034-644: The Jesuit Catholic Mission of Bois Blanc (French for White Wood), opposite the island of the same name. The Mission was eventually abandoned and re-established closer to what became Sandwich Township after the British took over the French territory following the Seven Years' War. It was closer to the safety of the British-fortified Fort Detroit . When farmers arrived, they encountered difficulty in trying to clear

3116-651: The Lenape had been forced to move west under pressure from Anglo-European colonists. The Wyandot acquired a more-or-less square parcel north and west of the junction of the Kansas River and the Missouri River . A United States government treaty granted the Wyandot Nation a small portion of fertile land located in an acute angle of the Missouri River and Kansas River, which they purchased from

3198-505: The Netherlands, which had endemic smallpox. Historians believe the disease spread from the children to the Huron and other nations, often through contact with traders. So many Huron died that they abandoned many of their villages and agricultural areas. About half to two-thirds of the population died in the epidemics, decreasing the population to about 12,000. Such losses had a high social cost, devastating families and clans, and disrupting their society's structure and traditions. Before

3280-453: The Petite Côte was occupied, settlement began to extend toward Lake St. Clair , which became known as the " Assumption Settlement ", for the name of its Catholic church. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the French ventured east along the south shore of Lake Saint Clair and settled in the present-day areas of Belle River (Belle-Rivière), Rochester, Tecumseh, Saint-Joachim and Stoney Point (Pointe-aux-Roches). These communities still have

3362-430: The Warden coincides with the frequency of municipal elections in Ontario, in other words a person elected to be Mayor of Leamington, for example, will be a member of County Council for the term that she or he is Mayor. Hilda MacDonald, Mayor of Leamington , was chosen to be Warden at the most recent election. A complete list (from 1853 to present) of the past Wardens of Essex County can be found online. County government

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3444-399: The Wendat-Huron through their lineage from the Attignawantan, the founding nation of the Confederacy. After their defeat in 1649 during prolonged warfare with the Five Nations of the Haudenosaunee , the surviving members of the confederacy dispersed; some took residence at Quebec with the Jesuits and others were adopted by neighboring nations, such as the Tionontati or Tobacco to become

3526-421: The Wolves. Considering that they formed the nucleus of the nation later known as the Wyandot, they too may have called themselves Wendat. There were ongoing hostilities between the Iroquoian Wendat and the Haudenosaunee , another Iroquoian confederacy, but the Wendat had good relations with the Algonquin . Tuberculosis became endemic among the Huron, aggravated by their close and smoky living conditions in

3608-468: The Wyandot joined three other tribes – the Odawa, Potawatomi , and Ojibwe people – in signing the Treaty of Detroit , which resulted in a major land cession to the United States. This agreement between the tribes and the Michigan Territory (represented by William Hull ) ceded to the United States a part of their territory in today's [outheastern Michigan and a section of Ohio near the Maumee River . The tribes were allowed to keep small pockets of land in

3690-434: The Wyandot. Afterward, they occupied territory extending into what is now the United States, especially Michigan, and northern Ohio. In the 1830s, they were forced west to Indian Territory (Kansas and finally northeastern Oklahoma) due to U.S. federal removal policies. They are related to other Iroquoian peoples in the region, such as their powerful competitors, the Five Nations of the Iroquois who occupied territory mostly on

3772-401: The administrative seat, Essex . Essex County is composed of seven municipalities (in order of population): The City of Windsor and the Township of Pelee are within the Essex census division but are not part of Essex County. The census division had a population of 422,860 as of 2021. Essex County is largely composed of clay-based soils, with sandy soils along the beaches and shores. For

3854-401: The capital. Modern-day Elmvale , Ontario developed near that site. The Wendat called their traditional territory Wendake . Closely related to the people of the Huron Confederacay were the Tionontate, an Iroquoian-speaking group whom the French called the Petun (Tobacco), for their cultivation of that crop. They lived further south and were divided into two moitiés or groups: the Deer and

3936-501: The capitulation of Montreal to British forces, Brigadier-General James Murray signed a "Treaty of Peace and Friendship" with a Wendat chief then residing in the settlement of Lorette . The text of the treaty reads as follows: THESE are to certify that the CHIEF of the HURON tribe of Indians, having come to me in the name of His Nation, to submit to His BRITANNICK MAJESTY, and make Peace, has been received under my Protection, with his whole Tribe; and henceforth no English Officer or party

4018-475: The county after the War of 1812 , the first of which followed Indian trails. Colonel Thomas Talbot contributed to road development, and Talbot Road was named for him. Talbot Road followed a natural ridge of glacial moraine which stretched from Windsor to Point Pelee . The establishment of good roads led to further settlement along the 'Middle Road' and in the area of what is now Leamington . Settlers of this era were often emigrants from Britain and Ireland; in

4100-442: The early 17th century, this Iroquoian people called themselves the Wendat, an autonym which means "Dwellers of the Peninsula" or "Islanders". The Wendat historic territory was bordered on three sides by the waters of Georgian Bay and Lake Simcoe . Similarly, in other Iroquois languages, such as Cayuga , refer to this nation as Ohwehnagehó:nǫˀ "Island dwellers". Early French explorers referred to these Indigenous Peoples as

4182-433: The early 17th century. Some Huron decided to go and meet the Europeans. Atironta , the principal headman of the Arendarhonon nation, went to Quebec and allied with the French in 1609. The Jesuit Relations of 1639 describes the Huron: They are robust, and all are much taller than the French. Their only covering is a beaver skin, which they wear upon their shoulders in the form of a mantle; shoes and leggings in winter,

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4264-444: The extremely thick forests that covered Essex County. The farmers grew to "hate" the trees, and chopped them down, starved them from nourishment by cutting deep gashes in the bark, and burned them to clear the way to get to the fertile soils underneath. The fires were so intense, that the reddish glow could be seen from Fort Chicago , 300 miles (500 km) away, as millions of cords of wood burned. Settlement continued southward along

4346-408: The forests were being removed to make way for farmland. Also noticeable in some farmers' fields are oil pumps , particularly near Belle River and Leamington , in the northern and eastern parts of the county, respectively. This is from oil shale within the bedrock of the Marcellus Formation . In 1992, discussions began to take place to reduce the number of individual municipalities, which at

4428-440: The general area. Major products of the greenhouse industry, in addition to tomatoes, are peppers , cannabis , cucumbers , roses , and other flowers . Major employers include Highbury Canco, Aphria , FortDearborn, Highline Mushrooms, Elring-Klinger , Nature Fresh Farms, Hub International , Lakeside Produce and AMCO Farms. Essex County is home to 13 VQA wineries that are a part of Ontario's southernmost appellation . At

4510-421: The government. They invested $ 100,000 of the proceeds in 5% government stock. After removal to Kansas, the Wyandot had founded good libraries along with two thriving Sabbath schools . They were in the process of organizing a division of the Sons of Temperance and maintained a sizable temperance society . Big Turtle commented on the agricultural yield, which produced an annual surplus for the market. He said that

4592-408: The high ground and surrounded Boone's forces. Also in late 1782, the Wyandot joined forces with Shawnee , Seneca , and Lenape in an unsuccessful siege of Fort Henry on the Ohio River . During the Northwest Indian War , the Wyandot fought alongside British allies against the United States. Under the leadership of Tarhe , they were signatories to the Treaty of Greenville in 1795. In 1807,

4674-413: The historic St. Lawrence Iroquoian peoples. Wendat is an Iroquoian language. Early 21st-century research in linguistics and archaeology confirm a historical connection between the Wendat and the St. Lawrence Iroquois. But all of the Iroquoian-speaking peoples shared some aspects of their culture, including the Erie people, any or all of the later Haudenosaunee, and the Susquehannock. By the 15th century,

4756-440: The late 17th century, the Huron (Wendat) Confederacy merged with the Iroquoian-speaking Tionontati nation (known as the Petun in French, also known as the Tobacco people for their chief commodity crop). They may originally have been a splinter colony of the Huron, to their west to form the historical Wendat. The Huron Range spanned the region from downriver of the source of the St. Lawrence River, along with three-quarters of

4838-414: The longhouses. Despite this, the Huron on the whole were healthy. The Jesuits wrote that the Huron effectively employed natural remedies and were "more healthy than we". The earliest written accounts of the Huron were made by the French, who began exploring North America in the 16th century. News of the Europeans reached the Huron, particularly when Samuel de Champlain explored the Saint Lawrence River in

4920-444: The mission after abandoning it to prevent its capture. The extensive Iroquois attack shocked and frightened the surviving Huron. The Huron were geographically cut off from trade with the Dutch and British by the Iroquois Confederacy, who had access to free trade with all the Europeans in the area especially the Dutch. This forced them to continue to use lithic tools and weapons like clubs, bows and arrows, stone scrapers, and cutters. This

5002-429: The most part, Essex County is flat farmland, with some woodlots . There is a small 30–50 foot (10–15 m) high ridge near Kingsville and Leamington in the southern part of the county, and large marshland near Hillman Marsh Conservation Area, and Point Pelee National Park . Lake St. Clair is located north, the Detroit River to the west, and the western basin of Lake Erie to the south. Essex County hosts some of

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5084-406: The north shore of Lake Ontario . Their original homeland extended to Georgian Bay of Lake Huron and Lake Simcoe in Ontario, Canada and occupied territory around the western part of the lake. The Wyandotte Nation (the U.S. Tribe) descends from remnants of the Tionontati (or Tobacco/Petun) people, who did not belong to the Wendat (Huron) Confederacy. However, the Wyandotte have connections to

5166-410: The northern shore of Lake Ontario, to the territory of the related Neutral people , extending north from both ends to wrap around Georgian Bay. This became their territorial center after their 1649 defeat and dispossession. Kondiaronk gained fame from 1682 through 1701 as a skilled diplomat and brilliant negotiator of the Huron-Wendat, famed for his skilled argumentation. Initially, Kondiaronk played

5248-456: The original boundary lines along the Great Lakes between the US and Upper Canada by the Treaty of Paris of 1783 and the wider set of treaties known as the Peace of Paris , which ended the American Revolution (1775–1783) and overseas European and multi-continental wars. Britain ceded the territory of eastern North America to be the United States . The British built Fort Malden near Amherstburg, opposite Bois Blanc Island , separating

5330-718: The other towns of the county. Other railway lines were built that connected settlements in Kingsville, Harrow, Essex and Leamington. Essex County was also a destination of the Underground Railroad . In the 19th-century Black Americans came to Essex county by way of Pelee's Point , Gosfield (now Kingsville ), Colchester , Sandwich , and Windsor . Those who stayed in the area settled in the communities of Fort Malden , Sandwich , New Canaan , Mersea , and nearby Dawn Settlement (now Dresden ), Buxton (now North Buxton and South Buxton ), Chatham , and Elgin . The major settlement areas were Amherstburg and Windsor . The John Freeman Walls Historic Site in Maidstone ( Lakeshore )

5412-445: The river and was known as Petite Côte (Small Coast), which was a reference to the shorter length of river frontage compared to the Detroit/American side. Landmarks were named for settler LaSalle and the local Ojibway , which continue to be in use. The first road in Ontario was laid out to connect the settlements, which is now over 200 years old and is known as Former King's Highway 18 (now County Road 20). When river frontage along

5494-475: The same latitude as the Mediterranean , the Lake Erie North Shore Region provides a unique climate in a continental region. Essex County also has an official tartan . The tartan's colours correspond to different meanings. Wyandot people The Wyandot people (also Wyandotte , Wendat , Waⁿdát , or Huron ) are an Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands of the present-day United States and Canada . Their Wyandot language belongs to

5576-423: The south side of Lake Ontario but also had hunting grounds along the St. Lawrence River . They are also related to the neighboring Erie , Neutral Nation, Wenro , Susquehannock , and Tionontate — all speaking varieties of Iroquoian languages , but traditional enemies of the Five Nations of the Iroquois. At various points in history these other nations have also engaged in trade and warfare with one another. In

5658-448: The surrounding Midwestern United States , thunderstorms and severe weather are more frequent during the spring and summer months. The area that has come to be known as Essex was one of the first counties to be settled by non-indigenous people in Upper Canada , later to become Ontario . The settlements were mostly established by French settlers in the mid-18th century. Around 1749, the first permanent settlements began to appear on what

5740-436: The territory and to benefit from the settlement of Kansas by white settlers. Walker and others promoted Kansas as the route for the proposed transcontinental railroad. Although the federal government did not recognize Walker's election, the political activity prompted the federal government to pass the Kansas–Nebraska Act to organize Kansas and Nebraska territories. An October 1855 article in The New York Times reported that

5822-439: The territory frequented by the tribe during the period the treaty was concluded. In the late 17th century, elements of the Huron Confederacy and the Petun joined and became known as the Wyandot (or Wyandotte), a variation of Wendat. (This name is also related to the French transliteration of the Mohawk term for tobacco.) The western Wyandot re-formed in the area of southern Michigan but migrated to Ohio after their alliance with

5904-501: The territory. The Treaty of Brownstown was signed by Governor Hull on November 7, 1807, and provided the Indigenous nations with a payment of $ 10,000 in goods and money along with an annual payment of $ 2,400 in exchange for an area of land that included the southeastern one-quarter of the lower peninsula of Michigan. In 1819, the Methodist Church established a mission to the Wyandot in Ohio, its first to Native Americans. In

5986-457: The thrift of the Wyandot exceeded that of any tribe north of the Arkansas line. According to his account, the Wyandot nation was "contented and happy", and enjoyed better living conditions in the Indigenous territory than they had in Ohio. By 1855 the number of Wyandot had diminished to 600 or 700 people. On August 14 of that year, the Wyandot Nation elected a chief. The Kansas correspondent of

6068-529: The time numbered 21 in the county. This culminated on January 1, 1999, when a Minister's Order by the Ontario Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing was implemented, putting in place the new municipal structure for the County of Essex. Townships: Towns: As a census division in the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Essex County had a population of 422,860 living in 165,787 of its 174,446 total private dwellings,

6150-669: The time. The Haudenosaunee tended to ally with the Dutch and later English, who settled at Albany and in the Mohawk Valley of their New York territory. The introduction of European weapons and the fur trade increased competition and the severity of inter-tribal warfare. While the Haudenosaunee could easily obtain guns in exchange for furs from Dutch traders in New York, the Wendat were required to profess Christianity to obtain

6232-549: The title becoming complete at the time of location. The Wyandot played an important role in Kansas politics. On July 26, 1853, at a meeting at the Wyandot Council house in Kansas City , William Walker (Wyandot) was elected provisional governor of Nebraska Territory , which included Kansas. He was elected by Wyandot, white traders, and outside interests who wished to preempt the federal government's organization of

6314-580: The towns of Amherstburg and Sandwich. Settlers in this area included Hessians who fought for the British against the American rebels, (especially known in history at the Battle of Trenton in New Jersey on the morning of December 26, 1776) and Pennsylvania Dutch pacifists (ethnic German Mennonites , many from Pennsylvania ). In 1791, the province of Upper Canada was formed. In 1792, Upper Canada

6396-468: The warmest summer weather in Canada , given that it is the southernmost part of Canada. It has a humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfa ) with four distinct seasons and a localized maritime climate from the surrounding Great Lakes. Average winters are wet and cold with a variety of conditions including rain , snow , freezing rain , sleet and fog . Temperatures and conditions change frequently during

6478-450: The winter months, with short periods of both bitter cold or mild weather. Winter storms are common but usually cause minimal disruption. Essex County resides outside of the Great Lakes snowbelt and doesn't experience intense lake-effect snow accumulation like other surrounding areas, although strong westerlies off Lake Michigan can sometimes push snow squalls into the area. Summers are hot and humid with an abundance of sunny weather. Like

6560-605: The winter, as it was an unproductive settlement and could not provide for them. After spending the bitter winter of 1649–50 on the island, surviving Huron relocated near Quebec City, where they settled at Wendake . Absorbing other refugees, they became the Huron Confederacy . Some Huron, along with the surviving Petun, whose villages the Iroquois attacked in the fall of 1649, fled to the upper Lake Michigan region, settling first at Green Bay, then at Michilimackinac . In

6642-671: Was divided into nineteen counties, of which Essex was the eighteenth and part of the Western District . At that time, the eastern boundary of Essex County extended further east into what is now Kent County . Settlement continued: on January 1, 1800, an Act for the Better Division of the Province established the Townships of Rochester, Mersea, Gosfield, Maidstone, Sandwich and Malden. Longer roads began to appear in

6724-441: Was estimated at 1500–2000 persons. Canadian archaeologist James F. Pendergast states: Indeed, there is now every indication that the late precontact Huron and their immediate antecedents developed in a distinct Huron homeland in southern Ontario along the north shore of Lake Ontario . Subsequently, they moved from there to their historic territory on Georgian Bay , where Champlain encountered them in 1615. The Wendat were not

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