Footwear refers to garments worn on the feet, which typically serve the purpose of protection against adversities of the environment such as wear from rough ground; stability on slippery ground; and temperature.
137-669: C. & J. Clark International Limited (trading as Clarks ) is a British footwear manufacturer and retailer founded in 1825 by Cyrus Clark in Street , Somerset , where its headquarters remain. As of October 2023, the brand has 320 stores in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and hundreds of franchises located in the Americas, Europe and the Asia Pacific. The company also sells through third-party distribution. The Clarks brand
274-695: A similarly named pond in Concord ). More than one-quarter of the town's land is covered by the Lynn Woods Reservation , which takes up much of the land in the northwestern part of the city. The city is also home to two beaches, Lynn Beach and King's Beach, both of which lie along Nahant Bay, as well as a boat ramp in Lynn Harbor. Lynn is located in the southern part of Essex County and is 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Boston and 22 miles (35 km) west-southwest of Cape Ann . The city
411-400: A 20-year comprehensive planning project to expand Lynn's diversity and improve infrastructure further. In the following year and a half, Lynn's Planning Department held many opportunities for Lynners to discuss what they see for the future of the city. On April 10, 2023, a draft of the plan was shared on the planning departments website to allow for greater public comment. After May 15, 2023,
548-678: A 22,229 to 15,568 margin. On June 4, 1974, the city council, led by mayor David L. Phillips , voted 7–4 in favor of abolishing the existing rent control measures, replacing them with a "Rent Grievance and Elderly Assistance Board." During the late 1970s and early 1980s, Lynn suffered several large fires. On November 28, 1981, a devastating inferno engulfed several former shoe factories, located at Broad and Washington Streets. Seventeen downtown buildings were destroyed in less than twelve hours, with property losses estimated to be totaling at least $ 35,000,000 (equivalent to about $ 117,300,000 in 2023). At least 18 businesses were affected, resulting in
685-528: A Clarks dem wear," producer Jah Thomas tells Fingers in the book. "And in Jamaica a rude boy him nah wear cheap ting." Writes Fingers, "In the early 70s, the rude boy/desert boot association became so strong that young males risked a beating by police simply for wearing a pair. 'You must be a thief,' the police would say. 'How else would you afford such expensive Clarks?'" He tells the story of an infamous Kingston police officer called Joe Williams, who carried out
822-580: A clear vision of what women's sandals and shoes were required to supplement the demand for men's casual offerings. An Italian resourcing programme was started by Woods in 1960 to get more style and variety into the ranges. Offices were opened in the Empire State Building , New York in April 1964. Sales were also buoyed by the introduction of the Wallabee in the late 1960s and expansion towards
959-501: A decline in the footwear industry. While about 27,000 firms were in business in 2005, only 21,700 remained in 2009. Not only have these firms decreased in number, but direct employment has also reduced within the sector. In the U.S., the annual footwear industry revenue was $ 48 billion in 2012. In 2015, there were about 29,000 shoe stores in the U.S. and the shoe industry employed about 189,000 people. Due to rising imports, these numbers are also declining. The only way of staying afloat in
1096-489: A designated brand of school shoes from Clarks marketed for older children and teenagers. From 2023, Clarks began producing school shoes in collaboration with footballer Raheem Sterling , with school shoes in the Raheem Sterling range featuring a bright green insole with football lined padding, as well as featuring half of a football on each sole, representing a football when both shoes are placed together. During
1233-518: A football on the bottom soles, with each shoe featuring half a football which, when both shoes are placed together, form a full football on the bottom. The company claim that the "football inspired playprints sole design lets kids leave their own unique impression on the world". The interior of the school shoes in the range feature a green insole, with a football themed lining. The history of C&J Clark's representation in America dates back to 1950 and
1370-603: A freshening of the brand. Completion of the transition from manufacturing to a wholesaling and branded retailing business was conducted by Parker's successor, Peter Bolliger, who became CEO in 2002. Closure of the company's remaining manufacturing interests meant that the last Clarks UK factory ceased production in 2005 followed by the last "K" factory in 2006. Production was relocated off-shore, using third party factories, predominantly located in Asia. Transformation of retail and investment to modernise company infrastructure and systems
1507-407: A further effort to rebrand the municipality, city solicitor Michael Barry proposed renaming the city Ocean Park in 1997, but the initiative was unsuccessful. Despite losing much of its industrial base during the 20th century, Lynn remained home to many companies, such as: In the early 2000s, the renovation and adaptive re-use of downtown historic structures, together with new construction, launched
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#17328017903911644-591: A grammar school for the Polish-speaking community, beginning in 1906. St. Patrick's church and school was a focus of the Irish-American community in Lynn. St. George's Greek Orthodox Church was founded in Lynn in 1905. Later in the 20th century, the city became an important center of greater Boston's Latino community. Additionally, several thousand Cambodians settled in Lynn between 1975 and 1979 and in
1781-670: A group of twenty Hasidic European families, mostly from Russia, formed the Congregation Anshai Sfard, a Hasidic, conservative Jewish synagogue in 1888. Catholic churches catering to the needs of specific language and ethnic groups also testify to the waves of immigrants. St. Jean Baptiste parish, eventually including a grammar school and high school, was founded in 1886, primarily for French-Canadians. Holy Family Church conducted services in Italian beginning in 1922, and St. Michael's church also provided church services and
1918-401: A hostile takeover. The closure of factories started in 1978, and continued throughout the 1980s. Daniel Clark resigned in 1986 replaced by John Clothier (son of Peter) who remained CEO throughout the turbulent buy-out negotiations with Berisford International Plc, a properties commodities group that attempted to take the troubled company public. While the proposal was defeated by shareholders at
2055-598: A legal agreement with the Naumkeag over the use of their land in Lynn until 1686 after a smallpox epidemic in 1633, King Philip's War , and missionary efforts significantly reduced their numbers and confined them to the Praying Town of Natick . English colonists settled Lynn not long after the 1607 establishment of Jamestown, Virginia and the 1620 arrival of the Mayflower at Plymouth . European settlement of
2192-558: A massive fire swept through the downtown of Lynn, and would not be matched in size until nearly 100 years later. At the time the loss was the third largest from fire in New England history. A total of 296 building were destroyed, including 142 homes, 25 stores, the Central Square railroad depot, four banks and four newspaper buildings. It was estimated that 200 families were made homeless and 10,000 jobs were lost. Estimates put
2329-543: A number of these agreements in his capacity as Overseas Manager until 1952. Bancroft retired in 1967. His son, Daniel Clark succeeded Peter Clothier as managing director in 1973, with Anthony Clark remaining as chairman. He retired in 1974, when his son, Lance Clark , was appointed managing director of the manufacturing and wholesaling division. In 1974 Clarks bought the fashionable Ravel, Pinet and Mondaine. The company acquired "K" Shoes, based in Kendal, Cumbria to salvage it from
2466-512: A partnership with a Quaker cousin in the trade of fellmongering , wool-stapling and tanning in Street, Somerset. By 1825, this partnership had been dissolved and Cyrus relocated to a site on the High Street in Street, utilising premises that belonged to his father-in-law to exploit his idea of making rugs out of sheepskins instead of pulling off the wool. C. & J. Clark recognise this as
2603-481: A pioneer of new technology and as a champion of footwear innovation. James withdrew from the partnership in 1889, to be replaced by his son Francis, William's younger brother. In line with the family's Quaker values, the capital was also extended beyond the factory to benefit social initiatives in Street: a school was founded so that young men and women could combine working in the factory with continuing their education,
2740-457: A popular choice of parents as a place to purchase school shoes for children to wear upon returning to school following the summer holidays. The Independent UK newspaper ranked Clarks as the number one provider of school shoes in the United Kingdom in 2017, highlighting that it has been providing quality shoes for over 170 years and highlighting the fact that Clarks is one of only a few manufacturers of school shoes to be provided in half sizes. Part of
2877-497: A public museum at The Grange in 2025. Footwear Cultures have different customs regarding footwear. These include not using any in some situations, usually bearing a symbolic meaning. This can however also be imposed on specific individuals to place them at a practical disadvantage against shod people, if they are excluded from having footwear available or are prohibited from using any. This usually takes place in situations of captivity, such as imprisonment or slavery , where
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#17328017903913014-604: A raid on a dance being run by producer and label boss "Sir Coxsone" Dodd . The DJ Dennis Alcapone recalls the arrival of Superintendent Williams: "He tell the DJ to turn the sound down, and he say: 'All who's wearing Clarks booty, stand on that side of the dance. And who's not wearing Clarks booty stand on this side.' Because he knows that rude boys wear them, so that is a way of identifying them." Reggae and dancehall stars Dillinger , Trinity , Ranking Joe , Scorcher , Little John , Super Cat and countless others had sung about Clarks in
3151-487: A renowned a female physician, and activist during the American Civil War , moved to Lynn becoming one of the three first female physicians in Lynn, providing her gynecology services to many women. Later on in 1874, opening her own practice. On February 1, 1866, Mary Baker Eddy experienced the " fall in Lynn ", often referred to by Christian Scientists as significant to the birth of their religion. In 1889
3288-603: A revitalization of Lynn, which remains ongoing. Arts, culture, and entertainment have been at the forefront of this revitalization, with new arts organizations, cultural venues, public art projects, and restaurants emerging in the downtown area. In 2012, the Massachusetts Cultural Council named downtown Lynn one of the first state-recognized arts and culture districts in Massachusetts. In 2015, Massachusetts Governor Charlie Baker established
3425-677: A scrub. The ladies like that." The shoe was long a staple of fashionable West Indians in New York City but towards the 1990s had fallen out of favor in hip-hop circles who tended to gravitate toward Timberland boots or sneakers. The rebirth of the Clarks Wallabees as a cool staple from mid-late 1990s is linked with New York–based hip-hop group the Wu-Tang Clan . Wu members ( RZA , GZA , Method Man , Raekwon , Ghostface Killah , Inspectah Deck , U-God , Masta Killa , and
3562-545: A sign of respect towards someone of higher standing. Similarly, deliberately forcing other people to go barefoot while being shod oneself has been used to clearly showcase and convey one's superiority within a setting of power disparity. Practitioners of the craft of shoemaking are called shoemakers, cobblers, or cordwainers . Footwear has been used by humans since prehistoric times , with paleoclimatology suggesting that they would have been needed in some areas of human settlement by at least 50,000 years ago during
3699-422: A solid surface, it creates a two-dimensional impression. These types of impressions can be made with a variety of substances, like dirt and sand. When footwear removes material from a soft surface, it creates a three-dimensional impression. These types of impressions can be made in a variety of soft substances, like snow and dirt. Two-dimensional impressions also differ from three-dimensional impressions because
3836-588: A task force, composed of representatives of multiple state and municipal public agencies, to further Lynn's revitalization. Formerly vacant industrial buildings continue to be converted into loft spaces, and historic homes, particularly Lynn's Diamond Historic District , are being restored. In 2016, several large land parcels in Lynn were acquired by major developers. In November 2018, construction began on downtown Lynn's first luxury midrise—a 259-unit, 10-story building on Monroe Street. in December 2019, ground
3973-680: A theatre was opened, a library was built, along with an open-air swimming pool and town hall. Playing fields were established for the benefit of all and low-cost housing was provided by the company for its employees. In 1903 the partnership arrangement was discontinued in favour of a private limited company . This enabled the succession to the third generation of family members as children of William Stephens Clark became 'life directors' alongside Francis and himself. Tasked with specific responsibilities, Alice Clark, John Bright Clark and Roger Clark developed distinct roles. Brothers John Bright and Roger Clark studied American making processes and techniques with
4110-562: A view to appointing a suitable candidate experienced in the American factory system that they might bring to Street. John Walter Bostock from Lynn, Massachusetts was recruited in 1904. The implementation was a resounding success and Bostock was made a director of the company in 1928. A London Office, opened in the West End in 1908, supplemented the shoemaking knowledge with style information. A reputation for high-quality goods available in
4247-494: A well-respected men's dress shoe brand, adding 25 more shop locations as well as entry into 70 leased stores and discounting outlets. Responsibility for Clarks Canada and Clarks of England was transferred to the C&;J Clarks HQ in Street in 1986. Clarks of England and Clarks Canada officially merged in 1987 to provide more operational efficiencies and more consistency of product offering for North America. Bob Infantino became CEO of
Clarks (shoe retailer) - Misplaced Pages Continue
4384-560: A £100 million investment by the Hong Kong–based private equity firm LionRock Capital after a company voluntary arrangement (CVA), a form of insolvency, in which the Clarks family will lose overall control of the company. The CVA requires the agreement of landlords, who would receive a percentage of turnover as rent, and creditors. In January 2021, Viva China Holdings has agreed to acquire 51 per cent of LionRock Capital Partners QiLe Limited,
4521-488: Is also divided into East Lynn and West Lynn, which are further divided into even smaller areas. Lynn is loosely segmented into the following neighborhoods: Central: West Lynn: East Lynn: Lynn experiences cold, snowy winters and warm, humid summers. The climate is similar to that of Boston . According to the Köppen climate classification , Lynn has either a hot-summer humid continental climate (abbreviated Dfa ), or
4658-478: Is best known for its Desert Boot and Wallabee shoes, as well as its collection of school shoes, particularly for children aged 4–12 years. Clarks manufactured its products in the United Kingdom until 2005, when it began moving some production to the Far East . The company closed its last domestic factory in 2019 as it reported a £84.4 million loss. In November 2020, it was announced that Clarks would be rescued by
4795-640: Is bordered by Nahant to the southeast, Swampscott to the east, Salem to the northeast, Peabody to the north, Lynnfield to the northwest, Saugus to the west and Revere (in Suffolk County ) to the south. Lynn's water rights extend into Nahant Bay and share Lynn Harbor with Nahant. There is no land connection to Revere; the only connection is the General Edwards Bridge across the Pines River. Besides its downtown district, Lynn
4932-561: Is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km ) (19.87%) is water. Lynn is located beside Massachusetts Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. Lynn's shoreline is divided in half by the town of Nahant , which divides Lynn Harbor to the south from Nahant Bay to the north. The city lies north of the Saugus River , and is also home to several brooks, as well as several ponds, the largest being Breed's Pond and Walden Pond (which has no relation to
5069-513: Is the popularity of the Clarks shoes in Jamaica and the association with the Jamaican " rude boys " movement. According to DJ, producer and cultural historian Al Fingers in his book, Clarks in Jamaica , this trend started in the late 1960s when the emerging youth culture of the recently independent Jamaica adopted the Clarks shoes as part of their "uniform." "The original gangster rude boy dem,
5206-499: Is usually made of leather or plastic , and rubber . In fact, leather was one of the original materials used for the first versions of a shoe. The soles can be made of rubber or plastic, sometimes with the addition of a sheet of metal on the inside. Roman sandals had sheets of metal on their soles so that they would not bend out of shape. In more recent times, footwear suppliers such as Nike have begun to source environmentally friendly materials. In Europe, recent decades have seen
5343-641: Is widely credited with popularising them in Europe during the 1960s. The Desert Boot have been manufactured at Shepton Mallet, small scale production having initially occurred at Street. During the course of time, Whitecross factory in Weston-super-Mare was subcontracted to relieve Shepton factory of the manufacture of the Desert Boot, before the Bushacre factory at Locking Road, Weston-Super-Mare
5480-596: The 1860 New England Shoemakers Strike , it was one of the earliest strikes of its kind in the United States. In 1841, abolitionist Frederick Douglass , moved to Lynn as a fugitive slave. Douglass wrote his first autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave , while living in Lynn. The publication would become Douglass's best-known work. Douglass, his wife, and their five children lived in Lynn until 1848. In 1870, Esther Hill Hawks ,
5617-622: The 1968 riots. The Clarks Desert Boots carried on through to the Mod Revival era of the Seventies and Eighties becoming a true Retro Mod Classic. They famously featured quite heavily in the 1979 " Quadrophenia ", Franc Roddam 's film adaptation of the Who 's rock opera influencing in turn the Britpop movement of the 1990s. The Clarks Wallabees in particular were adopted in recent times by
Clarks (shoe retailer) - Misplaced Pages Continue
5754-603: The 2020 United States census . The area that is now known as Lynn was inhabited for thousands of years by Native Americans prior to English colonization in the 1600s. At the time of European contact, the area today known as Lynn was primarily inhabited by the Naumkeag people under the powerful sachem Nanepashemet who controlled territory from the Mystic to the Merrimack Rivers. Colonists would not establish
5891-702: The American South was an exception. Its demand for masses of low-quality shoes for its slaves was met by workshops around Boston , Philadelphia , and New York , a dependence that later hobbled the Confederate Army during the Civil War and was responsible in legend for the decisive Battle of Gettysburg . Amid the Industrial Revolution , John Adam Dagyr's introduction of assembly line production and tight quality control to
6028-616: The British Army amid the Napoleonic Wars —failed commercially as soon as the wars were over because the demobilized soldiers reduced the price of manual labor. John Brooks Nichols 's 1850 adaptation of Howe and Singer 's sewing machines to handle binding uppers to soles and the Surinamese immigrant Jan Ernst Matzeliger 's 1880 invention of an automatic lasting machine finally allowed true industrialization, taking
6165-540: The Diocletianic Persecution . In medieval Europe , leather shoes and boots became more common. At first most were simply pieces of leather sewn together and then held tight around the foot with a toggle or drawstring. This developed into the turnshoe , where the sole and upper were sewn together and then turned inside-out to hide and protect the seam and improve water resistance. From the reign of Charlemagne , Byzantine fashions began to influence
6302-536: The Hong Kong -based private equity firm LionRock Capital, and would enter a company voluntary arrangement . The deal meant the company would be out of the Clark family's control for the first time in its history. In February 2023, LionRock Capital sold its remaining indirect stake in Clarks to Viva China Holdings Limited. Origins of C. & J. Clark can be traced back to 1821 when Cyrus Clark (1801–1866) entered into
6439-764: The Last Glacial Period . Osteologists have found evidence of the effect of footwear on human remains by around 40,000 years ago. The oldest shoes so far recovered were found by a team under Luther Cressman in Fort Rock Cave , Oregon, US, in 1938. They had been preserved under the Mazama Ash deposited c. 5025 BC during the volcanic eruption that formed Crater Lake . In 1999, they were dated to around 10,500– 9,300 BP . Egyptian butchers sometimes wore platform sandals with thicker soles than usual to raise their feet out of
6576-567: The Marshall Plan after World War II , Italy became the major shoe exporting country in the 1950s. It was joined in the 1960s by Japan , which offshored its production to Taiwan , South Korea , and Hong Kong as its own labor became too expensive. In their turn, the Hong Kong manufacturers began moving production to Guangdong in mainland China almost immediately after the establishment of Deng Xiaoping 's Opening Up Policy in
6713-487: The Natick Praying Town. Further European settlement of Lynn led to several independent towns being formed, with Reading created in 1644; Lynnfield in 1782; Saugus in 1815; Swampscott in 1852; and Nahant in 1853. The City of Lynn was incorporated on May 14, 1850. Colonial Lynn was an early center of tannery and shoe-making, which began in 1635. The boots worn by Continental Army soldiers during
6850-550: The Revolutionary War were made in Lynn, and the shoe-making industry drove the city's growth into the early nineteenth century. This legacy is reflected in the city's seal, which features a colonial boot. In 1816, a mail stage coach was operating through Lynn. By 1836, 23 stage coaches left the Lynn Hotel for Boston each day. The Eastern Railroad Line between Salem and East Boston opened on August 28, 1838. This
6987-662: The following civil war , contributing to disease and desertion , particularly among the Nationalists . Following the world wars, the increasing importance of professional sports greatly popularized a variety of athletic shoes , particularly sneakers . Major brands such as Converse , Adidas , and Nike used celebrity endorsements from Chuck Taylor , Michael Jordan , Lionel Messi , and others to promote their products. Fashion houses periodically prompted new trends in women's and high-end fashion. In particular, while working for Christian Dior , Roger Vivier popularized
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#17328017903917124-400: The imperial period , however, as the emperors appropriated more and more symbols of high status for themselves. The Romans were the earliest people currently known to have shaped their right and left shoes distinctly during creation, rather than pulling them tight and allowing them to wear into shape. The Catholic patron saints of shoemaking— Crispin and Crispinian —were martyred during
7261-414: The large dresses of the era . Shoe fetishism was first publicized in the work of Nicolas-Edme Rétif in prerevolutionary France . 17th-century Cavalier boots developed into upper-class fashion and into sailing boots prized by fishermen and pirates before being replaced as military gear by the 18th-century Hessian and 19th-century Wellington boot . In Ming and Qing China , foot binding led to
7398-508: The stiletto heel in 1954. (Men's dress shoes have tended to retain 19th-century British looks such as the Oxford shoe and loafers .) Various subcultures have employed distinctive footwear as part of their identity, including winklepickers , Doc Martens , and skate shoes . The international trade in footwear was at first chiefly restricted to American exports to Europe and Europe's exports to its various colonial empires . Assisted by
7535-465: The "ten-footer" workshops in Lynn, Massachusetts , US, around 1760 is sometimes credited as the first shoe factory . However, although mechanized textile mills greatly reduced the price of proper socks , each step of the shoemaking process still needed to be done by hand in a slowly optimized putting-out system . The first mechanized systems—developed by Marc Isambard Brunel in 1810 to supply boots to
7672-423: The 1533 marriage of the 14-year-old Florentine Catherine de Medici to Prince Henry of France , both male and female royalty and nobles began wearing high heels , giving rise to the expression "well heeled". This was done sometimes for display or appearance and sometimes as an aid to riding in stirrups . For the most part, male footwear was more ornate and expensive because women's feet were usually covered by
7809-482: The 1820s, Canada by the 1830s, Australia in the 1850s) and were notably innovative, winning the gold medal at the Great Exhibition in 1851 for their gutta percha elongated galosh. A couple of bad years that combined volatile market conditions, a certain lack of financial rigour and questionable planning brought the business to the brink of bankruptcy in 1863. The local Quaker community stepped in and part of
7946-709: The 20th century, Clarks established a reputation for quality children's footwear. The crepe rubber soled Joyance T-bar sandal for both boys and girls was one of their most popular designs. Launched in 1933, it continued in production until 1972. In 1952, Clarks claimed to be selling more than one million pairs of children's sandals in sixty countries. The company's best-known product is the Desert Boot —a distinctive ankle height boot with crepe sole usually made out of calf suede leather traditionally supplied by Charles F Stead & Co tannery in Leeds. Officially launched in 1950
8083-498: The 20th century, and the last shoe factory closed in 1981. In the early 1900s, the Metropolitan District Commission acquired several coastal properties in Lynn and Nahant, in order to create Lynn Shore and Nahant Beach Reservations, and to construct adjoining Lynn Shore Drive . When it opened to the public in 1910, Lynn Shore Drive catalyzed new development along Lynn's coastline, yielding many of
8220-479: The Alfred Gillett Trust was established to care for the archives and collections of C&J Clark Ltd and the Clark family. Working closely with The Shoe Museum, the trust's collections include family and business archives, catalogues and sale materials, artwork and furniture, costume, film and sound archives, historic shoes and shoe making machinery. The trust is named after Alfred Gillett, a cousin of
8357-455: The American rapper community. Their appeal can be traced to a wave of Jamaican immigrants who came to New York in the 1970s and paired Clarks shoes with suits. "African-Americans saw it as an alternative to sneakers and jeans and incorporated it into their look," said Slick Rick , a rapper, whose parents were born in Jamaica and later moved to the Bronx . "It's a way to be casual but not look like
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#17328017903918494-669: The Boston city line at Suffolk Downs , Lynn is part of Greater Boston 's urban inner core. Settled by Europeans in 1629, Lynn is the 5th oldest colonial settlement in the Commonwealth. An early industrial center, Lynn was long colloquially referred to as the "City of Sin", owing to its historical reputation for crime and vice. Today, however, the city is known for its contemporary public art, immigrant population, historic architecture , downtown cultural district, loft -style apartments, and public parks and open spaces, which include
8631-778: The Chicago Shoe Fair in 1949. He gave them substantial editorial credits with colour photographs in Esquire in early 1950. Bronson Davies subsequently saw these articles and applied to represent the company in selling them across the US, long before they were available in the UK. The Desert Boot was initially sold in Britain through shops in Regent Street , featuring a Union Jack sewn into the label, targeted at tourists. Lance Clark
8768-405: The Desert Boot was consolidated by advertising that targeted the 'campus trade' of Berkeley , Cornell , Harvard , North Carolina and Yale Universities through ads in Esquire and college magazines. A young salesman named Robert (Bob) Cullerton followed Bronson Davis at the lead in America. Appointed President in April 1961, he inherited a business focussed on the provision of men's casuals and
8905-597: The Desert Boot was designed by Nathan Clark (great-grandson of James Clark). Nathan Clark was an officer in the Royal Army Service Corps posted to Burma in 1941 with orders to help establish a supply route from Rangoon to the Chinese forces at Chongqing whilst also launching a series of offensives throughout South East Asia. Before leaving home his brother Bancroft had given him the mission to gather any information on footwear that might be of use to
9042-467: The Desert Boot. He appointed designer Nancy Knox to create a new range advertised via Playboy and Gentlemen's Quarterly . In parallel with American developments, C&J Clark Ltd. acquired the Blachford Shoe Manufacturing Co. Ltd. of Toronto in 1952, establishing a foothold in Canada led by Hugh Woods and Harold Hughes. Similarities between the businesses in Canada and North America meant Cullerton, Woods and Hughes quickly collaborated. They developed
9179-473: The EGM convened on 7 May 1993 it was also decided to move away from direct family management to professional managers, who would rationalise the business, and would be more comfortable with making the changes needed for its recovery. The appointment of Tim Parker as CEO in 1996 was made on the initiation of the newly elected chairman, Roger Pedder. Clarks format was radically changed with the 'Act Your Shoe Size Not Your Age' Campaign in 1997, which contributed to
9316-613: The East End of Long Island, where he and several others founded the Town of Southampton, New York . The resulting Halsey House—the oldest extant frame house in New York State (1648)—is now open to the public, under the aegis of the Southampton Colonial Society. As English settlement pushed deeper into Naumkeag territories, disease , missionary efforts , and loss of access to seasonal hunting, farming, and fishing grounds caused significant disruption to Naumkeag lifeways. In 1675, Naumkeag sachem Wenepoykin joined Metacomet in resisting English colonization in King Philip's War , for which he
9453-405: The Harlem Spin shoes. In 2017, a particular style of Mary Jane shoes called "Dolly Babe" was compared unfavourably to Clarks' own "Leader" school shoe for boys, with parents and ministers both accusing the company of sexism and gender stereotypes —the Mary Janes in question being viewed as flimsy and stereotypically feminine with a heart-print insole and a heart-shaped charm on the toe box while
9590-419: The Lance Clark who had seen a Zwartjes version of the shoe on the feet of artist Sonja Landweer in the late 1960s. An artist in residence at the Kilkenny Design Workshops, where she had come into contact with Lance Clark, Landweer's shoes became the basis for production of the Trek which was first attempted at Clarks factory in Dundalk . This was more attuned to the construction of stitch-down footwear. The shoe
9727-474: The National Register-listed Diamond Historic District . Further inland, industrial activity contemporaneously expanded in Lynn. Shoe manufacturers, led by Charles A. Coffin and Silas Abbott Barton, invested in the early electric industry, specifically in 1883 with Elihu Thomson , Edwin J. Houston , and their Thomson-Houston Electric Company . That company merged with Edison Electric Company of Schenectady, New York , forming General Electric in 1892, with
9864-531: The North American operations in 1992, taking a key role in consolidating the manufacturing, retailing, and wholesaling activities in America into one company: Clarks Companies North America (CCNA) from 1995. By 1998, CCNA became principally a wholesaling business, serving 170 owned retail locations and 3,600 third party wholesale accounts, representing 14,200 retail outlets. Sales increased by 57 per cent from 1995 to 2001, profits rose five-fold. Infantino left
10001-471: The South West and South East of England and South Wales meant that the company's volume market share in the UK increased from 1.1 per cent in 1945 to 9 per cent by 1970. Foreign manufacturing was also sought through agreements with existing domestic manufacturers: Ireland in the 1930s with Australia, Canada and South Africa added in the 1940s and 1950s. Nathan Clark (younger brother of Bancroft) negotiated
10138-459: The West Coast. Wholesaling interests were complemented with retail from the late 1970s through the acquisition of Hanover Shoes Inc. who owned 220 retail shops. At the same time C&J Clark decided to bring together its North American interests under one corporation to operate Hanover, Clarks of England and Clarks Canada. The business grew further in 1979 through the acquisition of Bostonian,
10275-650: The area was begun in 1629 by Edmund Ingalls , followed by John Tarbox of Lancashire in 1631. The area today encompassing Lynn was originally incorporated in 1629 as Saugus , the Massachusett name for the area. Three years after the settlement in Salem, five families moved onto Naumkeag lands in the interior of Lynn, then known as Saugus, and the Tomlin family constructed a large mill between today's Sluice and Flax Ponds. The mill not only supplied grains and sustenance for
10412-421: The bailout deal was the nomination of James' eldest son, William Stephens Clark (1839–1925) to the helm of C. & J. Clark. William Clark put in place an accelerated repayment plan that saw indebtedness drop considerably to 1873 when he became a partner in the business with his father James. For the first time in Britain, William mechanised the shoemaking process and went on to establish C. & J. Clark both as
10549-509: The beginning of their business and continue to occupy the site upon which Cyrus started to this very day. By 1828, as the business had grown, Cyrus appointed his younger brother James (1811–1906) as an apprentice. Educated away from Street, James was meant to be apprentice to a chemist in Bath , but successfully pleaded with his parents to let him stay in Street and help Cyrus. In 1828 to 1829, whilst serving this apprenticeship, James began utilising
10686-479: The boys' shoe was seen as sturdier. The company soon apologised over the matter and withdrew the shoe from sale. Clarks also issued a statement saying it would commit to designing " gender-neutral " footwear following customer feedback. In March 2018, two pupils from Kearsley Academy were sent home from school due to their school shoes, both purchased from Clarks, for "looking too much like trainers". The shoes in question were both purchased from Clarks' Bootleg range,
10823-539: The chopines directly to the nalins worn in Ottoman baths and whose height was considered to be a marker of status.) By the early modern period , the development of better socks and less stiff hose allowed European footwear to become firmer and more durable. Welting was developed, using a narrow band of leather between the uppers and sole to improve appearance and comfort, increase water resistance, and simplify repair, particularly resoling worn shoes. Beginning with
10960-621: The city's downtown were transformed by a series of large-scale murals, painted on buildings by local, national, and international artists, as part of the city's inaugural Beyond Walls festival. Light-based interventions, including projections onto High Rock Tower , the installation of vintage neon signs on downtown buildings, and large-scale LED-illuminations of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority rail underpasses bisecting Lynn's Downtown, also have been deployed. In 2017, Mount Vernon Street, in
11097-639: The company announced that this unit was to be closed, after failing to meet production targets. Produced by Clarks from 1967 and based on a moccasin called the Grasshopper, launched in 1964, by the German company Sioux, the Wallabee brand was manufactured at the Padmore and Barnes factory based in Kilkenny , Ireland, which Clarks had acquired in 1963 and continued to operate until its closure in 1987, when it
11234-553: The company in 2010, replaced by Jim Salzano who was at the helm of the North American business until 2013, when CCNA officially became the Americas Region, one of the four regions resulting as part of the re-organization initiated by Melissa Potter. Since March 2016 Gary Champion has led the Americas Region as president, also serving on the Global Leadership Team. In the United Kingdom, Clarks has long been
11371-599: The company whilst he was travelling the world. The Desert Boot was the result of this mission. His discovery of the Desert Boot was made either at Staff College in 1944 or on leave in Kashmir where three divisions of the old Eighth Army (transferred to the Far East from North Africa) were wearing ankle-high suede boots manufactured in the bazaars of Cairo . Nathan sent sketches and rough patterns back to Bancroft, but no trials were made until after he returned to Street and cut
11508-550: The company's founders and an amateur paleontologist ; some of his fossils are included in the trust's collection. The trust is based at The Grange, a Grade II listed building close to the museum in Street. In September 2019, it was announced that The Shoe Museum would close and the collection would be transferred to the Alfred Gillett Trust's archive. The collection was finally purchased by the Alfred Gillet Trust in 2021, who have since announced their intention to open
11645-478: The core of the downtown Central Square area, began to host block parties, food trucks, and other special events. In recent years, Lynn has attracted a substantial and growing LGBT population. In April 2018, The Boston Globe named Lynn one of the "Top spots to live in Greater Boston in 2018." On August 18, 2021, the new Frederick Douglass Park on Exchange Street was dedicated, directly across
11782-452: The cover of his 1996 " Ironman " album. His 2008 compilation album was also called " The Wallabee Champ ". In the TV series, Breaking Bad , lead character Walter White (played by Bryan Cranston ) transforms from a high school chemistry teacher into a powerful drug kingpin with pork pie hat, black sunglasses and goatee, but he still wears Wallabees, the only shoe he wears from the beginning of
11919-575: The design, said to be an acknowledgement of Kingston , the capital of Jamaica, which was founded in 1962. Sterling featured in the companies Back to School campaign in 2023 to launch the "Goal" shoe, a school shoe aimed primarily at primary school children, in an attempt to "capture the attention, consideration, and affection of Millennial parents". The advertisement campaign was said to "create scenarios based on familiar primary school situations with authentic interactions between real schoolchildren and teachers". The Raheem Sterling range of school shoes feature
12056-458: The development of lotus shoes for Han women and then flowerpot shoes for the Manchu women who wanted to emulate the characteristic walk of women with bound feet without undergoing the process themselves. In Africa , North America , and Spanish and Portuguese South America , slave codes often mandated slaves should be barefoot at all times without exception. Following its independence ,
12193-546: The development of plimsolls , deck shoes , rubber boots , galoshes , and waders . The prevalence of trench foot in World War I focused attention on the importance of providing of adequate footwear in following conflicts, although this was not always possible. Millions of Chinese soldiers in both the NRA and PLA were obliged to use straw and rope shoes to allow easy replacement on long marches during both World War II and
12330-531: The early 1980s. At the beginning of the 20th century, Lynn was the world-leader in the production of shoes. 234 factories produced more than a million pairs of shoes each day, thanks in part to mechanization of the process by an African-American immigrant named Jan Ernst Matzeliger . From 1924 until 1974, the Lynn Independent Industrial Shoemaking School operated in the city. However, production declined throughout
12467-519: The early 1980s. Competitors were soon forced to follow suit, including removal of Taiwanese and Korean production to Fujian and to Wenzhou in southern Zhejiang . Similarly, amid Perestroika and the Fall of Communism , Italy dismantled its domestic industry, outsourcing its work to Eastern Europe , which proved less dependable than the Chinese and further eroded their market share. Beginning around
12604-600: The early 20th century structures that constitute a majority of the contributing resources found in the National Register-listed Diamond Historic District . In 1970, Massachusetts authorized rent control in municipalities with more than 50,000 residents. Voters in Lynn, Somerville, Brookline, and Cambridge subsequently adopted rent control. Voters in Lynn approved a measure to continue rent control measures, which had been in place since February 1972, on November 7, 1972, by
12741-510: The estimated loss of 1,500 jobs. The Lynn campus of the North Shore Community College , planning for which was already underway at the time of the fire, now occupies much of the burned area. Some data suggest a reputation for crime and vice in Lynn. In order to counter its reputation as "the city of sin", Lynn launched a "City Of Firsts" advertising campaign in the early 1990s, which promoted Lynn as having: In
12878-535: The extent that the Deputy Head Teacher of Mangotsfield School said that should the shoes be worn the following school day then the pupil would be asked to remove them and forced to wear shoes from lost property. This is despite the fact that the Harlem Spin shoes were advertised by Clarks as being school shoes—Clarks did not give a statement in regards to the incident and questions over the design of
13015-613: The findings the company launched its new children's ranges in 1945 with a choice of four width fittings, simultaneously with the new Clarks foot gauge that acted as a scientific measuring instrument to aid the shop assistant. Expansion of the business post-war was largely initiated by fourth-generation family members: Bancroft Clark, appointed managing director and chairman in 1942 and his cousins, Anthony Clark and Peter Clothier, accountable for Sales/Marketing and Manufacturing respectively. The start-up or acquisition of additional manufacturing facilities (peaking at 17 domestic factories) across
13152-458: The five-season series until its completion. The Shoe Museum was established in 1950 by Laurence Barber at 40 High Street near the Clarks' headquarters in Street, Somerset. The museum displayed some 1,500 shoes as well as related exhibits, describing the development of shoes from Roman times and especially detailing the growth of Clarks shoes and shoemaking in Somerset. In 2002, a charity called
13289-603: The formation of Clarks of England Inc. Initiated by Bronson Davis, a car salesman, who had seen the Desert Boot at the Chicago Shoe Fair in 1949. Davis established a sales organization covering 150 accounts with outlets that stocked Clarks products, predominantly Desert Boots. He also sponsored advertisements for Clarks shoes in The New Yorker and Esquire magazines. Davis established relations with some of America's most prestigious retailers; Abercrombie & Fitch , Neiman-Marcus and Saks Fifth Avenue . The coverage for
13426-447: The gore. Wealthier Egyptians also sometimes wore platforms. The Greeks distinguished a great variety of footwear, particularly different styles of sandals . The heeled cothurnus was part of the standard costume for tragedians , and the effeminate soccus for comedians . Going barefoot , however, was frequently lauded: Spartan boys undergoing military training, Socrates , and Olympic athletes all went without shoes most of
13563-459: The groups are among other things distinctly divided by whether or not footwear is being worn. In some cultures, people remove their shoes before entering a home. Bare feet are also seen as a sign of humility and respect, and adherents of many religions worship or mourn while barefoot. Some religious communities explicitly require people to remove shoes before they enter holy buildings, such as temples. In several cultures people remove their shoes as
13700-516: The industry: "edgesetter", "heel trimmer", " McKay machine operator". Many were replaced by cheaper immigrants ; the Czech Tomáš Baťa joined these workers at Lynn in 1904 and then returned to his own factory in Zlín , Moravia, mechanizing and rationalizing its production while guiding the factory town that developed into a garden city . By the early 20th century, vulcanization had led to
13837-564: The late Ol' Dirty Bastard ) and in particular Raekwon and Ghostface Killah wore Wallabees because not only they found them aesthetically pleasing but also since no other rapper was wearing them, they showed that they weren't victims of the trends. They even featured the name of the shoe in the lyrics of several songs, engendering a revival of the Wallabees as a hip-hop staple by the mid-late 1990s. This justified Ghostface Killah to call himself Wally Champ and feature custom-dyed Wallabee shoes on
13974-499: The latest fashions, was established in the early 1910s, and remained until the Second World War. A premium quality 'Tor' range was produced on the principles of standard lines, followed by a range of affordable fashionable footwear called 'Wessex'. The company had its first national press advertisement in 1934 and entered formally into retailing in 1937 through the acquisition of Abbotts chain of shops based around London and
14111-469: The latter demonstrate length, width, and depth whereas two-dimensional impressions only demonstrate the first two aspects. [REDACTED] Media related to Footwear at Wikimedia Commons Lynn, Massachusetts Lynn is the eighth-largest municipality in Massachusetts , United States, and the largest city in Essex County . Situated on the Atlantic Ocean, 3.7 miles (6.0 km) north of
14248-555: The oceanfront Lynn Shore Reservation ; the 2,200-acre, Frederick Law Olmsted -designed Lynn Woods Reservation ; and the High Rock Reservation and Park designed by Olmsted's sons . Lynn also is home to Lynn Heritage State Park , the southernmost portion of the Essex Coastal Scenic Byway , and the seaside, National Register -listed Diamond Historic District . The population was 101,253 at
14385-532: The offcuts that were too short for making rugs to produce slippers (known as Brown Petersburgs). The slippers were made using outworkers who collected materials from the factory, assembled footwear in workshops at home and returned the finished product for payment. This trade rapidly evolved, providing James with a legitimate claim to an equal partnership in the business when his apprenticeship was served in 1833. Thereafter, it traded as C. & J. Clark. The brothers developed national and international trade (Ireland in
14522-553: The past. Some of the most famous songs written about the Clarks shoes in Jamaica are Little John's "Clarks Booty" and Vybz Kartel 's "Clarks" (over 2.6 million hits on YouTube ). While the Clarks Desert Boots became fashionable in the Beatnik Culture in the US, they became popular with youth in the UK after being adopted by Sixties Mods who wore them as part of both smart and casual clothing outfits. While
14659-445: The patterns himself. The Desert Boot was cut on the men's Guernsey Sandal last and sampled in a neutral beige-grey 2 mm chrome bend split suede . The company's Stock Committee reacted badly to the sample and dismissed the idea as it 'would never sell'. It was only in his capacity as Overseas Development Manager that Nathan had any success with the shoe after introducing it to Oskar Schoefler (Fashion Editor, Esquire Magazine ) at
14796-535: The private equity firm which will own the Clarks brand, for £51 million. The majority owner of Viva China Holdings is entrepreneur Li Ning , a former Olympic gold medal winner for China. This resulted in Victor Herrero, a Spanish executive and former CEO of Guess , being named as the new Clarks CEO in March 2021. Prior to his appointment as CEO, he served as a board member to Clarks since April 2019. Jonathan Ram
14933-424: The productivity of individual workers from 20 or 50 pairs a day to as many as 700, halving prices, and briefly making Lynn the center of world shoe production. As late as 1865, most men in the industry identified in the census and city directory as general purpose "cordwainers" or "shoemakers"; by 1890, they were almost universally described as "shoe workers" or—more often—by the specific name of their work within
15070-447: The prominently pointed shoe or boot now known as the calceus repandus . The Romans saw clothing and footwear as unmistakable signs of power and status in society . Patricians typically wore dyed and ornamented shoes of tanned leather with their togas or armor , while plebeians wore rawhide or hobnail boots and slaves were usually required to be barefoot . These class distinctions in footwear seem to have lessened during
15207-449: The provinces. "Peter Lord" was created by Hugh Bryan Clark as a retail brand to avoid alarming agents or alerting competitors to the company's activities. It steadily evolved into a national network of stores. Growing awareness that 'bad feet' were the product of ill-fitting shoes determined Bostock to devise a new shoe fitting system based on the detailed analysis of thousands of foot measurements taken from local school children. In line with
15344-607: The public comment window will be closed and the committee will release a final draft to be endorsed and adopted by the city. Lynn earned the moniker " Condom Capital of the USA" after Global Protection, a subsidiary of Karex , the world's largest condom manufacturer, relocated to the former Garelick Farms facility. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 13.5 square miles (35 km ), of which 10.8 square miles (28 km )
15481-592: The re-launch in China, the move into India, the launch of the online business and the increased focus on building a global brand. Melissa Potter stepped down as CEO in September 2015. Non-executive chairman Thomas O’Neill lead the business until 2017 when Mike Shearwood was appointed as the new CEO. Then following Shearwood's resignation in June 2018, Stella David was announced as interim CEO. In February 2019, Giorgio Presca
15618-456: The reason, as well as Clarks school shoes being long-lasting and durable, parents have opted for them as most of Clarks school shoes meet the standards set by most primary and secondary school uniform policies. From the mid-2010s, Clarks mire relaxed shoe designs and stricter school uniform policies has resulted in some schools judging that some models of Clarks school shoes do not comply with its school uniform policy. In 2016, nationwide attention
15755-408: The same time, several mendicant orders began practicing discalceation as an aspect of their vows of humility and poverty , going entirely barefoot at all times or only wearing sandals in any weather. From the 1480s, the poulaine was replaced by the duckbill , which had a flat front but soon became impractically wide. The stiff hose of the era usually required fairly soft footwear, which in turn
15892-526: The same year, whereupon he quickly learnt that the trademark Grasshopper had been licensed. In conjunction with Jack Rose-Smith (Clarks Overseas Shoes Export Manager), Bob Cullerton (the President for Clarks in America/Clarks of England), Hugh Woods (managing director of Clarks Canada), Roberts trademarked the name Wallabee. In New Zealand, they were marketed as Nomads. Another style associated with
16029-470: The settlers and trade with the Naumkeag people, but was used to create brews and many fermented casks of hops and wines to send back to King George in England. Lynn takes its name from King's Lynn , Norfolk , England , in honor of Reverend Samuel Whiting (Senior) , Lynn's first official minister who arrived from King's Lynn in 1637. A noteworthy early Lynn colonist, Thomas Halsey, left Lynn to settle
16166-592: The shoe market is to establish a presence in niche markets. To ensure high quality and safety of footwear , manufacturers have to make sure all products comply to existing and relevant standards. By producing footwear in accordance with national and international regulations, potential risks can be minimized and the interest of both textile manufacturers and consumers can be protected. The following standards/regulations apply to footwear products: Footwear can create two types of impressions: two-dimensional and three-dimensional impressions. When footwear places material onto
16303-522: The shoes are appropriate for a unisex look, they were particularly popular with male mods who wore them with military parkas , tailor-made suits with narrow lapels (sometimes made of mohair), thin ties, button-down collar shirts, and wool or cashmere jumpers. The joint influences of the Beatniks and Mods made the Clarks Desert Boots ("Les Clarks") popular among the Parisian students who wore them during
16440-628: The street from the site of the Central Square railroad depot where Douglass was forcibly removed from the train in 1841. The park features a bronze bas-relief sculpture of Douglass. The park had been in the works since at least 2019 when a bill was filed in the Massachusetts Senate to designate the park area and its management by the Massachusetts DCR . On September 16, 2021, Mayor McGee introduced Vision Lynn ,
16577-661: The time. Similarly, ancient China considered footwear an important aspect of civilization—particularly embroidered slippers —but often depicted Taoist immortals and gods like Xuanwu barefoot. The Book of Exodus records Moses reverentially removing his shoes at Mount Sinai and the priests likewise went barefoot at the Temple of Solomon before Babylonian customs prevailed and entering houses of worship in footwear became common in Judaism and Christianity . The Etruscans experienced several footwear trends, including
16714-451: The total loss as high as $ 6,000,000 (equivalent to about $ 203,470,000 in 2023). Lynn experienced a wave of immigration during the late 1800s and early 1900s. During the 30 years between 1885 and 1915, Lynn's immigrant population increased from 9,800 to 29,500, representing nearly one-third of the city's total population. Polish and Russian Jews were the largest single group, numbering more than 6,000. The first Jewish settlers in Lynn,
16851-600: The two original GE plants being in Lynn and Schenectady. Coffin served as the first president of General Electric . Initially the General Electric plant specialized in arc lights, electric motors, and meters. Later it specialized in aircraft electrical systems and components, and aircraft engines were built in Lynn during WWII. That engine plant evolved into the current jet engine plant during WWII because of research contacts at MIT in Cambridge. Gerhard Neumann
16988-485: The west and the pontificalia of the popes and other bishops began to feature greater luxury, including embroidered silk and velvet slippers . By the High Middle Ages , fashion trends periodically prompted sumptuary taxes or regulations and church condemnation for vanity . The 12th-century pigache and 14th- and 15th-century poulaine had elongated toes, often stuffed to maintain their shape. Around
17125-418: The year 2000, China has constantly produced more than half of the world's shoes. As of 2021, footwear is the 30th most traded category internationally; but, while China produces well over 60% of exported footwear, it currently earns less than 36% of the value of the total trade owing to the continuing importance of American, German, and other brands in the North American and European markets. Modern footwear
17262-479: Was a key player in jet engine group at GE in Lynn. The continuous interaction of material science research at MIT and the resulting improvements in jet engine efficiency and power have kept the jet engine plant in Lynn ever since. One of the largest strikes of the early labor movement began in the shoe factories of Lynn on February 22, 1860, when Lynn shoemakers marched through the streets to their workplaces and handed in their tools, protesting reduced wages. Known as
17399-417: Was also completed. Street consequently remains the epicentre for company operations, a distribution facility having been constructed in the village in 2005 with the capacity to process 1 million pairs of shoes per week. Former CEO, Melissa Potter, who was appointed in 2010, re-organized the business in four regions Americas, Asia Pacific, Europe and United Kingdom & Republic of Ireland (from February 2013),
17536-405: Was announced as the new CEO, and David returned to her role on the board. In May 2018, the company announced that it would build a new production plant next to its headquarters in Street, Somerset. The £3 million factory would see the latest in robot technology and create 80 jobs and produce over 300,000 pairs of Desert Shoes per year. In November 2020, Clarks announced a rescue plan through
17673-403: Was broken on a 331-unit waterfront development on Carroll Parkway. Many of the recent and pending large real estate projects in Lynn are Transit-oriented developments , sited within a half-mile of Lynn station , which provides 20-minute train service to North Station . Lynn's revitalization has been bolstered by the city's emergence as a center of creative placemaking . In 2017, swaths of
17810-551: Was constructed in 1958. The Desert Boot was manufactured there until the closure of the factory in 2001. Clarks announced in July 2017, it was restarting manufacturing Desert Boots, using a new manufacturing unit featuring "robot-assisted" technology, at its headquarters in Street, Somerset. Up to 300,000 pairs a year of desert boots were to be made at the unit, creating up to eighty technical and managerial jobs. However, in January 2019
17947-465: Was easier to damage in the dirt and muck of the street and outdoors. This led many people to use wooden-soled calopedes , pattens , or galoshes , overshoes that served as a platform while walking. Particularly in Venice , these platforms were combined with the shoe to make chopines , sometimes so awkwardly high that the wearer required servants to help support them. ( Turkish sources, meanwhile, credit
18084-456: Was enslaved and sent to Barbados . In 1686, under pressure to demonstrate legal title for lands they occupied during the administrative restructuring of the Dominion of New England , the selectmen of Lynn and Reading purchased a deed from Wenopoykin 's heirs Kunkshamooshaw and Quonopohit for 16 pounds of sterling silver, though by this time they and most surviving Naumkeag were residents of
18221-430: Was gathered after 12-year-old Alfie Ingerfeild from Bristol was sent home from school at the beginning of the new school term in September after wearing a pair of Harlem Spin shoes from Clarks' Bootleg school shoe range. The school, Mangotsfield School , claimed that the Harlem Spin design was "too much like trainers" and therefore classed them as unacceptable and not complying with the school uniform policy, so much so to
18358-645: Was initially launched in North America in 1971 as Trek, before featuring in the UK range in 1972 where it was renamed Hike, owing to an existing footwear trademark. The 'Trek man' that first featured on the shoe was drafted by Lance Clark and refined by the advertising manager in Dundalk, Bob Patten. Some Clarks styles (particularly the Desert Boot, Wallabee & Desert Trek) were widely adopted as cultural icons by different subcultures and featured in songs as well as popular films and TV series. The most referenced
18495-566: Was later merged with the Boston and Maine Railroad and called the Eastern Division. In 1847 telegraph wires passed through Lynn, but no telegraph service station was built until 1858. During the middle of the nineteenth century, estates and beach cottages were constructed along Lynn's shoreline, and the city's Atlantic coastline became a fashionable summer resort. Many of the structures built during this period are today situated within
18632-501: Was named CEO in March 2022 and took the position in April of that year. Between 2022–2023, Clarks launched a collaboration with English footballer Raheem Sterling . Through the collaboration, Sterling launched his own range of Clarks Wallabies as Raheem Sterling x Clarks Originals . The line in the Raheem Sterling x Clarks Originals is said to include a nod to Sterling's roots in Jamaica , with an Est 1962 badge included on
18769-530: Was the subject of a management buy-out. Managed by Lance Clark who was responsible for having negotiated the licence to produce the shoes in Kilkenny and arranged for the factory staff to be trained in the production of moccasin shoes, the product took off once the decision was taken to market it in North America in 1968. As General Manager of the factory, Paddy Roberts took the shoe to a trade fair in New York in
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