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52-529: Otto Walter (1899–1944) bought the printing house of the conservative Oltner Nachrichten newspaper in 1915. In 1916, he founded Walter Verlag in Olten as an intellectual bulwark of Catholicism . Walter grew the small business into one of Switzerland's most prestigious printing companies and publishers. Otto Walter's son, the author Otto F. Walter (1928–1994) was born to a family of 9 children, including Silja Walter (1919–2011) and seven other daughters. The son

104-485: A population growth rate of -0.4%. The age distribution, as of 2000 , in Olten is; 1,011 children or 6.0% of the population are between 0 and 6 years old and 2,083 teenagers or 12.4% are between 7 and 19. Of the adult population, 956 people or 5.7% of the population are between 20 and 24 years old. 5,271 people or 31.5% are between 25 and 44, and 3,818 people or 22.8% are between 45 and 64. The senior population distribution

156-426: A mobile unit; once a permanent garrison was established they grew into larger townships. Often the number of official civitates and coloniæ were not enough to settle everyone who wished to live in a town and so vici also attracted a wider range of residents, with some becoming chartered towns where no other existed nearby. Some, such as that at Vercovicium ( Housesteads ), outgrew their forts altogether, especially in

208-468: A six or more room apartment cost an average of 1694.74 CHF (US$ 1360, £760, €1080). The average apartment price in Olten was 95.3% of the national average of 1116 CHF. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010 , was 1.85%. The historical population is given in the following chart: The Old City, which includes a Roman era vicus as well as medieval and early modern developments, Train Station,

260-453: A stable financial base. Following Ernst Jandl 's novel laut und luise in 1966, Otto F. Walter was fired by Walter Verlag, because his increasingly avant-garde views collided with the shareholders of the conservative Catholic publisher. The publishing house suffered from Walter's absence, and in the 1990s it was acquired by the Patmos publishing group. During the 1960s the complete edition of

312-555: A total of 8,221 households that answered this question, 43.0% were households made up of just one person and there were 59 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 2,246 married couples without children, 1,683 married couples with children There were 396 single parents with a child or children. There were 150 households that were made up of unrelated people and 152 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing. In 2000 there were 1,439 single family homes (or 49.2% of

364-554: Is 2,497 people or 14.9% of the population are between 65 and 79 years old and there are 1,121 people or 6.7% who are over 80. As of 2000 , there were 6,700 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 7,504 married individuals, 1,356 widows or widowers and 1,197 individuals who are divorced. As of 2000 , there were 8,069 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2. persons per household. There were 3,535 households that consist of only one person and 325 households with five or more people. Out of

416-503: Is a net importer of workers, with about 2.8 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. Of the working population, 28.4% used public transportation to get to work, and 37.6% used a private car. From the 2000 census , 6,803 or 40.6% were Roman Catholic , while 4,262 or 25.4% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church . Of the rest of the population, there were 299 members of an Orthodox church (or about 1.78% of

468-570: Is also home to a depot for Swiss Federal Railways . Significant amounts of artefacts of the Magdalenian (c. 16'000 to 14'000 years ago) have been excavated near Olten. There are also finds dated to the Mesolithic and Neolithic, but there is no trace of a settlement, and no ceramic finds; finds dating to the Bronze and Iron Ages are also rather limited. There was a vicus at the site during

520-407: Is used for agricultural purposes, while 4.81 square kilometres (1.86 sq mi) or 41.9% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 4.65 km (1.80 sq mi) or 40.5% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.53 km (0.20 sq mi) or 4.6% is either rivers or lakes and 0.06 km (14.83 acres) or 0.5% is unproductive land. Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 6.0% of

572-482: The 1798 invasion . In 1814, Solothurn suppressed another rebellion of Olten patriots against the Swiss Restauration . Olten first reached a population of 1,000 in the later 18th century. More rapid growth set in after the introduction of the railway in 1856, and the town became an industrial and infrastructural center, reaching 7,000 by 1900. By the 1880s, Olten had developed into a second urban center in

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624-548: The CVP (15.8%). In the federal election, a total of 5,515 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 50.9%. Located at the crossroads of the most important west–east and north–south lines of Switzerland, Olten has been considered a railway town for more than 150 years. The Swiss Federal Railways is running here a central maintenance facility established in 1855 by Swiss Central Railway . The headquarters of SBB Cargo International are in Olten as well. Swiss Prime Site , one of

676-502: The Roman era . The name of the settlement is not known, but it seems to have been of a certain importance, presumably reflecting the presence of a bridge across the Aare. The Roman settlement was probably destroyed in the later 3rd century. At the end of the 3rd century, a fortification was built at the bridge-head, on the south-eastern corner of the earlier vicus. This fortress was abandoned in

728-722: The Swiss League . They play their home games in the 6,500-seat Kleinholz Arena , which they regularly fill. SC Altstadt Olten plays in the Second Regio League, the fifth tier of the Swiss ice hockey league system. The team also plays its home games in the Kleinholz Arena. Vicus In Ancient Rome , the Latin term vicus (plural vici ) designated a village within a rural area ( pagus ) or

780-483: The Vicus Martis Tudertium ). Vici is the term used for the extramural settlements of forts for military units (e.g. alae and cohorts ), while canabae is generally used to describe extramural settlements of the major legionary fortresses, e.g. Eboracum ( York ), Vindobona ( Vienna ), Durostorum ( Silistra , Bulgaria). Initially ephemeral, many vici were transitory sites that followed

832-514: The district of the same name . Olten grew into a town during the Middle Ages at the location of a bridge over the Aare . After a period of decline, it grew rapidly as a railway town in the 19th century. Its railway station is a major rail hub of Switzerland, located at the junction of lines to Zürich , Basel , Bern , and Lucerne , all of which are within 30 minutes by train, and the town

884-405: The secondary sector and there were 147 businesses in this sector. 13,000 people were employed in the tertiary sector , with 1,067 businesses in this sector. There were 8,299 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 43.8% of the workforce. In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 13,275. The number of jobs in the primary sector

936-491: The 2010–2011 school year there were a total of 1,549 students in the Olten school system. The education system in the Canton of Solothurn allows young children to attend two years of non-obligatory Kindergarten . During that school year, there were 254 children in kindergarten. The canton's school system requires students to attend six years of primary school , with some of the children attending smaller, specialized classes. In

988-481: The 3rd century once soldiers were permitted to marry. Early vici had no civilian administration and were under the direct control of the Roman military commander. Those that attracted significant numbers of Roman citizens were later permitted to form local councils and some, such as the vicus at Eboracum ( York ), grew into regional centres and even provincial capitals. The Latin term, pronounced with an initial 'u',

1040-480: The 4th century, and later replaced by a larger castle , comparable to late Roman fortresses protecting crossings of the Aare at Solothurn and Brugg. The medieval settlement was built on the foundations of the Roman castle. It is first mentioned in 1201, as Oltun (conjectured as continuing an *Olodunum , with the Gaulish suffix dunum "fort", and a prefix olo- , possibly from a hydronym, thus "river-fort"). It

1092-535: The Patmos brand, which effectively ended the existence of Walter publishing. By the end of 2009, Patmos separated psychology and religion, and re-activated the Walter Verlag, though this lasted only for a year. No books have been published under the label Walter Verlag since 2010. Olten Olten ( High Alemannic : Oute ) is a town in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland and capital of

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1144-554: The agricultural land, 6.2% is used for growing crops and 5.9% is pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. The old city of the capital of the Olten district is located in a bend of the river between the Aare and Dünnern rivers. In the 19th Century housing estates were built in the valley on both sides of the Aare between slopes of the Jura Mountains to the north and the Born, Säli und Engelberg mountains to

1196-401: The canton, and attracted more infrastructure such as the cantonal hospital (1880), a business school (1912), a cantonal gymnasium (1938). Population tripled again during the 20th century, reaching 21,000 in 1970, but has slightly decreased since. Olten has an area, as of 2009 , of 11.49 square kilometres (4.44 sq mi). Of this area, 1.46 square kilometres (0.56 sq mi) or 12.7%

1248-594: The early 1990s, and in 1992 Patmos Verlagshaus in Düsseldorf bought it. The Swiss headquarters was moved first to Solothurn , then to Zürich . The publishing house's magazine Sonntag ("Sunday") was taken over in 1994 by CAT Media AG in Baden . The literary work was published in Düsseldorf. As part of Patmos, Walter Verlag largely focused on psychology and self-help. Non-fiction books were published since 2007 under

1300-415: The foreign population increased by 55. There were 6 Swiss women who immigrated back to Switzerland. At the same time, there were 82 non-Swiss men and 65 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was a decrease of 101 and the non-Swiss population increased by 37 people. This represents

1352-542: The formal political entities created from existing settlements, the municipia . Unplanned, and originally lacking any public administrative buildings, vici had no specific legal status (unlike other settlements) and often developed in order to profit from the presence of Roman troops. As with most garrison towns, they provided entertainment and supplies for the troops, but many also developed significant industries, especially metal and glass working. Some vici seem not to have had direct connections to troop placement (e.g.,

1404-400: The gender distribution of the population was 49.5% male and 50.5% female. The population was made up of 18,728 Swiss men (36.5% of the population) and 6,688 (13.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 20,186 Swiss women (39.3%) and 5,772 (11.2%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality 4,596 or about 27.4% were born in Olten and lived there in 2000. There were 2,920 or 17.4% who were born in

1456-418: The manager of the literary editorial. He rebuilt the lineup, which at the end of the 1950s became one of the most innovative publishing addresses. Authors such as Alfred Andersch , Peter Bichsel Helmut Heissenbüttel , Alexander Kluge , Kurt Marti , and Jörg Steiner were published, but not Otto F. Walter. Walter's program found little support in the conservative company, nor in his Catholic family, despite

1508-642: The medical schools. The Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz (polytechnic college of Northwestern Switzerland (applied sciences)) has one of its campuses in Olten. Olten is home to 2 libraries, the Stadtbibliothek Olten (municipal library) and the Library of the Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz , which between them offered 30,014 books and other media in 2010, 25,132 of which were loaned out. EHC Olten , hockey team playing in

1560-492: The mid-4th century. The word " vicus " was also applied to the smallest administrative unit of a provincial town within the Roman Empire , referring to an ad hoc provincial civilian settlement that sprang up close to and because of a nearby military fort or state-owned mining operation. Each vicus elected four local magistrates ( vicomagistri ) who commanded a sort of local police force chosen from among

1612-684: The most important real estate companies in Switzerland, has its head office in Olten today. In 1916, the Walter Verlag was founded by Otto Walter, where Otto F. Walter worked from 1956 to 1966. The former building is now used by the Alternative Bank Schweiz (ABS). As of  2010 , Olten had an unemployment rate of 4.4%. As of 2008 , there were 19 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 7 businesses involved in this sector. 2,825 people were employed in

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1664-437: The movement and storage of goods, 577 or 5.5% were in a hotel or restaurant, 977 or 9.3% were in the information industry, 1,204 or 11.4% were the insurance or financial industry, 1,058 or 10.0% were technical professionals or scientists, 785 or 7.4% were in education and 1,356 or 12.8% were in health care. In 2000 , there were 11,508 workers who commuted into the municipality and 4,156 workers who commuted away. The municipality

1716-442: The municipality there were 767 students in primary school and 74 students in the special, smaller classes. The secondary school program consists of three lower, obligatory years of schooling, followed by three to five years of optional, advanced schools. 454 lower secondary students attend school in Olten. As of 2000 , there were 1,526 students in Olten who came from another municipality, while 183 residents attended schools outside

1768-445: The municipality. The grammar school "Kantonsschule" or "Kanti", is situated on a hill near the train station with a splendid all-round view of the town and the surrounding Jura hills. Opened in 1974, is one of the foremost Swiss examples of Brutalist architecture. It is home to roughly 1000 students of ages 12–18, most of whom are preparing for the Swiss high school certicifate which gives free access to all Swiss universities except for

1820-416: The municipality. The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 3,158. There were 677 single room apartments and 1,669 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 7,928 apartments (86.0% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 820 apartments (8.9%) were seasonally occupied and 469 apartments (5.1%) were empty. As of 2009 , the construction rate of new housing units

1872-487: The neighbourhood of a larger settlement. During the Republican era , the four regiones of the city of Rome were subdivided into vici . In the 1st century BC, Augustus reorganized the city for administrative purposes into 14 regions , comprising 265 vici . Each vicus had its own board of officials who oversaw local matters. These administrative divisions are recorded as still in effect at least until

1924-469: The people of the vicus by lot. Occasionally the officers of the vicomagistri would feature in certain celebrations (primarily the Compitalia ) in which they were accompanied by two lictors . These vici differed from the planned civilian towns ( civitates ), which were laid out as official, local economic and administrative centres, the coloniae , which were settlements of retired troops, or

1976-532: The population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist , and 608 individuals (or about 3.63% of the population) did not answer the question. In Olten about 6,103 or (36.4%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education , and 2,254 or (13.5%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule ). Of the 2,254 who completed tertiary schooling, 60.3% were Swiss men, 23.2% were Swiss women, 10.3% were non-Swiss men and 6.2% were non-Swiss women. During

2028-615: The population), there were 390 individuals (or about 2.33% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church , and there were 333 individuals (or about 1.99% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 13 individuals (or about 0.08% of the population) who were Jewish , and 1,363 (or about 8.13% of the population) who were Islamic . There were 82 individuals who were Buddhist , 178 individuals who were Hindu and 18 individuals who belonged to another church. 2,408 (or about 14.37% of

2080-524: The prehistoric and Roman era hilltop settlement of Dickenbännli, the covered wooden bridge over the Aare and the Naturmuseum are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance . The entire town of Olten is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites . Every year, on 1 August, a large firework show occurs from boats floating down the river. It is also home to a wooden foot bridge, one of

2132-411: The same canton, while 4,585 or 27.4% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 3,904 or 23.3% were born outside of Switzerland. In 2008 there were 93 live births to Swiss citizens and 73 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 184 deaths of Swiss citizens and 18 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 91 while

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2184-629: The south. The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Argent three Fir Trees Vert trunked Gules issuant from a Mount of 3 Coupeaux of the second. Olten has a population (as of December 2020 ) of 18,496. As of 2008 , 27.3% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of 1.2%. Most of the population (as of 2000 ) speaks German (13,855 or 82.7%), with Italian being second most common (844 or 5.0%) and Albanian being third (356 or 2.1%). There are 167 people who speak French and 22 people who speak Romansh . As of 2008 ,

2236-399: The total area while housing and buildings made up 15.6% and transportation infrastructure made up 11.6%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 4.2% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 3.1%. Out of the forested land, 40.7% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.1% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of

2288-497: The total) out of a total of 2,922 inhabited buildings. There were 933 multi-family buildings (31.9%), along with 304 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (10.4%) and 246 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (8.4%). Of the single family homes 379 were built before 1919, while 73 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single family homes (702) were built between 1919 and 1945. In 2000 there were 9,217 apartments in

2340-678: The towns landmarks. In Olten's railway station restaurant, the Gruppe Olten (Olten Group), a group of writers that included Max Frisch and Friedrich Dürrenmatt , was founded, as was the Swiss Alpine Club in 1863. In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SP which received 25.31% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (21.42%), the FDP (18.61%) and

2392-461: The works of Swiss psychologist Carl Gustav Jung were published. In the following decades the Psychology according to Jung became influential, inter alia with the works of Verena Kast and Eugen Drewermann , and even Wilhelm Reich 's Christusmord was released. The literary programme continued, while travel guides became a pillar. The publishing house fell into financial difficulties in

2444-415: Was 1 new units per 1000 residents. As of 2003 the average price to rent an average apartment in Olten was 1063.57 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$ 850, £480, €680 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 592.19 CHF (US$ 470, £270, €380), a two-room apartment was about 787.80 CHF (US$ 630, £350, €500), a three-room apartment was about 937.35 CHF (US$ 750, £420, €600) and

2496-405: Was 14, of which 8 were in agriculture and 6 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 2,700 of which 1,465 or (54.3%) were in manufacturing and 976 (36.1%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 10,561. In the tertiary sector; 1,486 or 14.1% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 1,882 or 17.8% were in

2548-620: Was adopted into Old English as wic , wick , wich , or wych . It became one of the most widely occurring common placename elements, e.g. Wyck , Hackney Wick , Gatwick , Exwick , Wickham , Aldwych , Dulwich , Ipswich , Norwich , and indirectly York , from Eoforwic via Old Norse Jorvik . In the Brittonic languages, the cognate word is gwig in Welsh and Cornish and guic in Breton; all now meaning "village". In continental languages,

2600-424: Was in possession of the counts of Frohburg in the 13th century, passing to Kyburg in 1377 and to Habsburg in 1384. Olten passed under the administration of Basel in 1407, which invested in infrastructure, which was however destroyed in fires in 1411 and 1422. Basel lost interest in rebuilding the town again after the 1422 fire, and sold the settlement to Solothurn in 1426. Throughout the medieval period, Olten

2652-523: Was little more than a fortified bridge-head with some services (blacksmiths, taverns); its total population is estimated to about 500 people for the year 1600. Olten lost its city rights in 1653 as punishment for its support of the rebels in the Swiss Peasant War . This resulted in a lasting tradition of resistance against authority in Olten, and the town welcomed as liberators the French troops in

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2704-576: Was seen as his father's successor. Otto F. started a three-year teaching post as a bookseller in Zürich. His father died in 1944. The son first worked in his father's company, then volunteered at a printing company in Cologne and worked as an editor for publisher Jakob Hegner before returning to Walter Verlag. Walter learned the publishing operation starting as a warehousemen and billing clerk, before becoming vice director and joint owner. In 1956 Walter became

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