Wanchese ( fl. 1585–1587 ) was the last known ruler of the Roanoke Native American tribe encountered by English colonists of the Roanoke Colony in the late sixteenth century. Along with Chief Manteo , he travelled to London in 1584, where the two men created a sensation in the royal court. Hosted at Durham House by the explorer and courtier Sir Walter Raleigh , he and Manteo assisted the scientist Thomas Harriot with the job of deciphering and learning the Carolina Algonquian language . Unlike Manteo, Wanchese evinced little interest in learning English , and did not befriend his hosts, remaining suspicious of English motives in the New World. In April 1586, having returned to Roanoke, he finally ended his good relations with the English, leaving Manteo as the colonists' sole Indian ally.
45-513: Wanchese may refer to: Wanchese (Native American leader) , Powhatan Roanoac chief encountered by colonists of the Roanoke Colony Wanchese, North Carolina , settlement named for him Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Wanchese . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
90-483: A Carolina Algonquian -speaking people whose territory comprised present-day Dare County , Roanoke Island , and part of the mainland at the time of English exploration and colonization . They were one of the numerous Carolina Algonquian tribes, which may have numbered 5,000-10,000 people in total in eastern North Carolina at the time of their first encounter with the English. The smaller Croatan people may have been
135-521: A branch of the Roanoke or a separate tribe allied with them. The Roanoke may have had their capital on the western shore of Croatan Sound , at Dasamonguepeuk . This was one of the significant towns noted by the English colonists in the sixteenth century. Wanchese was among the first Native Americans to travel to England. In 1584, Sir Walter Raleigh had dispatched the first of a number of expeditions to Roanoke island to explore and eventually colonize
180-538: A colony on Roanoke Island , off the coast of modern-day North Carolina in North America. Grenville and his fleet arrived at the village of Aquascogoc , inhabited by the Pamlico but, before leaving, Grenville furiously reacted to the disappearance of a silver drinking cup from the colony. Grenville and his men proceeded to sack and burn Aquascogoc. Grenville was heavily criticised by Ralph Lane , general of
225-615: A period of supporting Sir Walter Raleigh's venture in North America (see below) he returned to Munster to arrange the estate granted him under the plantation of the province . Following the suppression of the Second Desmond Rebellion in 1583, he had purchased some 24,000 acres (97 km ) in Kinalmeaky and brought settlers over. His renewed efforts beginning in 1588 yielded little success, and Grenville returned to England late in 1590. In 1574, Grenville submitted
270-629: A proposal to the Privy Council to take a single ship to attack Spanish treasure ships and establish English colonies in South America and from there to sail across the "South Sea" (i.e. Pacific Ocean ) in hope of finding a short cut to the Spice Islands and terra australis incognita . Supplication for a new navigation, permission to seek rich and unknown lands, to discover and annex all or any lands, islands, and countries beyond
315-630: A sensation at court. Raleigh's priority, however, was not publicity but intelligence about his new land of Virginia, and he restricted access to the exotic newcomers, assigning the scientist Thomas Harriot the job of deciphering and learning the Carolina Algonquian language using a phonetic alphabet of his own invention. Both Wanchese and Manteo were hosted at Raleigh's London residence, Durham House . Unlike Manteo, Wanchese evinced little interest in learning English, and did not befriend his hosts, remaining suspicious of English motives in
360-645: A troop of West Countrymen to accompany them. In 1569, he arrived in Ireland with Sir Warham St Leger (c. 1525–1597) to arrange for settlement of lands in the Barony of Kerricurrihy . These had been mortgaged to St Leger by Gerald Fitzgerald, 15th Earl of Desmond . At about this time Grenville also seized lands for colonisation at Tracton , to the west of Cork harbour. Sir Peter Carew had asserted his claim to lands in south Leinster . St Leger settled nearby, and Humphrey Gilbert pushed westward from Idrone along
405-544: Is believed to have been at Bideford. His father (who had pre-deceased his own father Sir Richard Grenville (c. 1495–1550), the Member of Parliament (MP) for Cornwall in 1529 ) died when he was an infant, aged 3, and his mother remarried to Thomas Arundell of Clifton Arundell House, where Grenville spent much of his childhood. At age 17, Grenville began law studies at the Inner Temple . On 19 November 1562, aged 20, he
450-510: Is the reason why Grenville refused to ever serve with Francis Drake in any capacity. That same year Grenville received thanks of the Privy Council and the Earl of Bedford , then Lieutenant of Cornwall, in Ireland for raising troops against Sir Thomas Stukely , styling himself the Duke of Ireland . In 1585, Grenville was admiral of the seven-strong fleet that brought English settlers to establish
495-756: The Blackwater River . The plantations in the south of Ireland led to bitter disputes with local Irish nobility. They escalated into the first of the Desmond rebellions , led by James Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald . As Sheriff of Cork, Grenville witnessed the rebellion in which Fitzmaurice, along with the Earl of Clancar, James Fitzedmund Fitzgerald (the Seneschal of Imokilly ); Edmund Fitzgibbon (the White Knight); and others, attacked Tracton. They overcame
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#1732775417790540-657: The Earl of Arundel and the Duke of Norfolk in 1569 against the Queen's secretary. He was elected MP for Cornwall in 1571 and appointed High Sheriff of Cornwall for 1576. "Undeviatingly Protestant", he arrested the Catholic priest Cuthbert Mayne at the home of the Tregians in 1577. Mayne was martyred as a result. In 1575–76, Sir Richard was back home at Bideford expanding his holdings, businesses and properties after his expedition plans were scuppered. He finished remodeling
585-555: The battle of Flores fighting against an overwhelmingly larger Spanish fleet near the Azores . He and his crew on board the galleon Revenge fought against the 53-strong Spanish fleet to allow the other English ships to escape. Grenville was the grandfather of Sir Bevil Grenville , a prominent military officer during the English Civil War . Richard Grenville was the eldest son and heir of Sir Roger Grenville (d. 1545), who
630-596: The 53 enemy ships alone, leading his single ship in what amounted to a suicide mission, stating that he "utterly refused to turn from the enimie...he would rather chose to die than to dishonour himselfe". His crew was reduced by nearly 100 men due to sickness on shore, but he chose nonetheless to confront the far superior Spanish force. For twelve hours he and his crew fought off the Spanish, causing heavy damage to fifteen galleons. According to Raleigh's account, Grenville and his soldiers fought for hour after hour, "...until all
675-475: The Crown; the leaders having authority from the Queen to require that obedience, quiet, unity, and order be maintained. Gilbert an m'self having pointed out to her Majesty that such undertakings would provide work and livelihood for many of her subjects; and also bring honour and strength to Your Majesty with immortal fame, ... besides great enrichment of Your Highness and your country, with increase and maintenance of
720-470: The English defence with pickaxes and killed nearly the entire garrison . The three surviving English soldiers were hanged the next day by the Irish. Fitzmaurice threatened the imminent arrival of Spanish forces. Having plundered the citizenry of Cork, he boasted that he could also take the artillery of the city of Youghal . In June 1569, soon after Grenville's sailing for England, Fitzmaurice camped outside
765-643: The English defences and returned to Bideford where he provisioned the remaining two ships for Roanoke, a voyage that later turned back after being raided by the French. Later that year, Grenville was commissioned to keep watch at sea on the western approaches to the Bristol Channel in case of the return of the Spanish Armada. Grenville was appointed Vice-Admiral of the Fleet under Thomas Howard . He
810-514: The English, leaving Chief Manteo as the colonists' sole Indian ally. The town of Wanchese, North Carolina is named after him. A character based on Wanchese is featured in the Lost Colony theater production and in the 1999 film The Legend of Two Path by Native Canadian actor Nathaniel Arcand . Richard Grenville Sir Richard Grenville (15 June 1542 – 10 September 1591), also spelt Greynvile , Greeneville , and Greenfield ,
855-591: The Equinoxial, or where the Pole Antarctic hath any elevation above the horizon, such lands not being already possessed by any other Christian Prince. The planting of people and habitations in strange and unknown lands. Need not offend foreign powers or provoke war, provided no attempts were made to take from other civilised nations anything they already possess. Such expeditions should be composed of voluntary adventurers; but under patronage and benediction of
900-453: The Navy. The patent was initially granted, but was rescinded a year later on the grounds that England was still using diplomacy with Spain and had been at great pains to rebuild her relations with Philip II after the tensions of 1568–1571. It was these plans that were usurped and were eventually executed by Francis Drake when he circumnavigated the globe in 1577. This caused some bad blood and
945-584: The New World. Early encounters with the natives were friendly, and, despite the difficulties in communication, the explorers were able to persuade "two of the savages, being lustie men, whose names were Wanchese and Manteo" to accompany them on the return voyage to London to help describe the conditions in the New World . Once safely delivered to England in September 1584, the two Indians quickly caused
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#1732775417790990-746: The New World. He soon came to view himself as a captive of the English rather than as their guest. By Christmas of 1584, Harriot was able to converse successfully in the Algonquin language with the two Native Americans, although Manteo was far more communicative than Wanchese. Harriot recorded the sense of awe with which the Native Americans viewed European technology: Many things they sawe with us...as mathematical instruments, sea compasses...[and] spring clocks that seemed to goe of themselves - and many other things we had - were so strange unto them, and so farre exceeded their capacities to comprehend
1035-735: The Spanish were not to enjoy their success, nor would Grenville's men survive their deliverance. The Spanish fleet was caught by a cyclone soon after and during a week-long storm Revenge and fifteen Spanish warships and merchant vessels were lost. Revenge sank with her mixed prize-crew of seventy Spaniards and English prisoners near the island of Terceira , at the approximate position 38°46′9″N 27°22′42″W / 38.76917°N 27.37833°W / 38.76917; -27.37833 . In 1565 Grenville married Mary St Leger (c. 1543–1623), daughter of Sir John St Ledger of Annery, Monkleigh , near Bideford, and heir to her brother. She outlived her husband and died aged about 80 on 9 November 1623 and
1080-793: The blood ran out of his mouth without any harm at all unto him... Grenville brought with him a Native American from Roanoke Island to Bideford after returning from the 1586 resupply trip. He named the Native American tribesman Raleigh after his cousin Sir Walter Raleigh. Raleigh converted to Christianity and had his baptism at Saint Mary the Virgin's Church in Bideford on 27 March 1588, but died from influenza while residing in Grenville's house on 2 April 1589. His interment
1125-499: The expedition, who referred to Grenville's "intolerable pride and insatiable ambition". Lane's remark was prompted by a bitter legal feud he then had with Grenville. On his return, Grenville captured a Spanish ship , Santa Maria de Vincente , which he later brought to Bideford to be converted into Galleon Dudley . The cannon from that Spanish ship are thought to be those erroneously labelled " Armada cannons" in Bideford's Victoria Park. In 1586 Grenville returned to Roanoke to find that
1170-409: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wanchese&oldid=1110102843 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Wanchese (Native American leader) The Roanoac people were
1215-539: The market and restore the town's fair. In 1575, he created the port of Bideford. Grenville was never elected as Mayor of Bideford, preferring instead to support John Salterne in that role, but he was Lord of the Manor, a title held by the Grenvilles since 1126 and finally ceded by his descendants in 1711 to the town council he established. He was again elected as MP for Cornwall in 1584 (sitting until 1586). Following
1260-469: The new American colonies, later specialising in tobacco importation. A charter had been granted to his ancestor Richard Grenville in 1272, creating the town's first council. Three centuries later, Grenville would seek a new charter for the town, hoping to develop it into a port that would trade with his estates in Munster . The charter was officially granted of 16 December 1572. Grenville would also revitalise
1305-500: The newcomers. By July 6, Grenville was worried enough to send John Arundell with Manteo as guide and interpreter to recover Wanchese, but the villagers at Dasamongueponke could not be persuaded to give him up. Records indicate that Manteo and Wanchese also went on a voyage from the New World to England sometime later in the same decade . Following the voyage, Manteo, Wanchese, and the English returned to Roanoke. In April 1586, Wanchese finally severed his former good relations with
1350-475: The powder of The Revenge , to the last barrell, was now spent, all her pikes broken, fortie of her best men slain, and the most part of the rest hurt". The ship itself was "marvellous unsaverie, filled with bloud and bodies of deade and wounded men like a slaughter house". The fight was later romanticized by the poet Alfred Lord Tennyson in his work " The Revenge: A Ballad of the Fleet :" " Out-gunned, out-fought, and out-numbered fifty-three to one ", Grenville
1395-483: The reason and meanes how they should be made and done, that they thought they were rather the works of gods than men. Wanchese and Manteo also performed a commercial function for Raleigh, attracting wealthy Britons to invest in Raleigh's schemes. One investor later complained that the 1585 expedition (which was a failure) might have succeeded: The Report had been true which was given out by two strangers, Inhabitants of
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1440-457: The reluctant Spanish. Much, however, was lost on the return to the treacherous waters of Roanoke. The Tyger was saved from destruction, but at the cost of most of her supplies, which were spoiled by salt water. On July 3, 1585, Grenville sent a party to "send word of our arriving at Wococon, to Wingino at Roanocke", led by Wanchese. At this point, Wanchese slipped away from the English and returned to Dasamongueponke , urging resistance against
1485-480: The rest of the interior of Buckland Greynvile Abbey into a suitable home for his growing family. He decorated it with navigational themes in the plaster on the ceilings, the Greynvile coat of arms on the mantle pieces, as well as a knight in repose against a tree. Grenville played a major role in the transformation of the small fishing port of Bideford in north Devon into what became a significant trading port with
1530-628: The same foreign nation. Raleigh was, however, successful in raising funds, and a new expedition was raised to depart in 1585. Manteo and Wanchese returned to the New World in April 1585, sailing with Sir Richard Grenville 's expedition in The Tyger , reaching the warm waters of the Caribbean in just 21 days. During this voyage, Wanchese and Manteo observed the English plunder Spanish shipping and, by way of "trucke and exchange", obtain supplies from
1575-539: The surviving colonists had departed with Drake. Grenville left 15 of his own men to defend Raleigh's New World territory. During his return voyage to England, Grenville raided various towns in the Azores Islands . At about this time, a description was given of his behaviour while dining with Spanish captains: He would carouse three or four glasses of wine, and in a bravery take the glasses between his teeth and crash them in pieces and swallow them down, so that often
1620-458: The walls of Waterford and demanded that Grenville's wife and Lady St Leger be given over to him, along with all the English and all prisoners; the citizens refused. Fitzmaurice's troops massacred local English farmers in response. As Cork ran low on provisions, the people of Youghal expected an attack at any minute. The rebellion continued, but Grenville remained in England. Grenville sided with
1665-683: Was an English privateer and explorer. Grenville was lord of the manors of Stowe, Cornwall and Bideford, Devon . He subsequently participated in the plantations of Ireland specifically the Munster plantations, the English colonisation of the Americas and the repulse of the Spanish Armada . Grenville also served as Member of Parliament for Cornwall , High Sheriff for County Cork and Sheriff of Cornwall . In 1591, Grenville died at
1710-603: Was appointed High Sheriff of Cork in 1568. In pursuit of his military career, with his West Country cousins, Godolphins, Carews, Killigrews, Champernownes, Basets, etc., Grenville fought against the Turks in Hungary for the Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian in 1566 . After petitioning Elizabeth I in 1565 to leave England for service abroad to a foreign prince, Grenville and his West Country cousins paid for and recruited
1755-690: Was at the same church five days later along with Grenville's daughter, Rebecca. In 1587, Grenville was appointed Deputy Lieutenant of the West Country by the Privy Council, to organize the defences of Devon and Cornwall in preparation for the expected attack by the Spanish Armada the following year. Also was commissioned with overseeing the repair of the Fortifications of the Cinque Ports and Boscastle Harbour. In 1588, he
1800-523: Was buried at St Mary's Church, Bideford . The family initially lived at Buckland Abbey before moving to a newly built house at Bideford. They had four sons, including Bernard Grenville . Capt. George Vancouver was related to him on his mother's side. Her name was Bridget Berners. Thus slain thy valiant Ancestor did ly When his one bark a navy did defy When now encompas't round the victor stood And bath'd his pinnace in his co'quering blood Till all his purple current dry'd and spent He fell and made
1845-597: Was captain of Mary Rose when she sank in Portsmouth Harbour in 1545, by his wife Thomasine Cole, daughter of Thomas Cole of Slade. Thomasine remarried to Thomas Arundell. The ancient Grenville family were lords of the manors of Bideford in Devon and of Stowe, Kilkhampton in Cornwall. He was a cousin of Sir Walter Raleigh and the privateer and explorer Sir Humphrey Gilbert . Grenville's birthplace
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1890-523: Was charged with maintaining a squadron at the Azores to waylay the return to Spain of the South American treasure fleets. He took command of Revenge , a galleon of new design that was faster and more maneuverable than older naval ships. At Flores Island the English fleet was surprised by a much larger squadron sent by King Philip II of Spain. Howard retreated to safety, but Grenville faced
1935-836: Was in an affray in the Strand in London in the company of his cousin, Nicholas Specott, gentleman, with Lewis Lloyd and Edward Horseman, their attendants. Upon encountering Sir Edmound Unton, Fulke Greville, Robert Bannister, gentleman, and Thomas Allen, yeoman, (with their servants), Grenville ran Robert Bannister through with his sword, then left him to die. Grenville and company were outlawed for three months and then pardoned for public duelling and manslaughter. At age 21, he inherited his grandfather's estates at Stowe in Cornwall, and at Bideford and Buckland Abbey in Devon . About 1565, he married Mary St Leger, daughter of Sir John St Leger . He
1980-420: Was made a member of the council that was created to devise means of defence against the Spanish armada. Grenville equipped seven ships at Bideford with supplies and more colonists for Raleigh's "Planters" Colony settled at Roanoke the previous year. However, a stay of shipping due to the impending arrival of the Spanish Armada meant that the fleet did not sail. Grenville led five of these ships to Plymouth to join
2025-497: Was said to have wished to blow up his ship rather than give up the fight, as Tennyson wrote: "Sink me the ship, Master Gunner! – sink her! split her in twain! ... Fall into the hands of God, not into the hands of Spain!" Grenville's crew however refused to obey these suicidal orders and his officers surrendered what was left of their vessel to the Spanish, on a promise of fair treatment. Grenville died of his wounds several days later, screaming that his men were "traitors and dogs", but
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