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60-683: Wanlockhead is a village in Dumfries and Galloway , Scotland, nestling in the Lowther Hills and 1 mile (2 kilometres) south of Leadhills at the head of the Mennock Pass, which forms part of the Southern Uplands. It is Scotland's highest village, the village centre being at an elevation of around 405 m (1,329 ft) above sea level. Some sources, including VisitScotland , cite an altitude of 467 metres (1,532 ft) but

120-414: A leader of the council . The leader may also act as the convener, chairing council meetings, or the council may choose to appoint a different councillor to be convener. Prior to 2007 the council sometimes chose to appoint a leader, and sometimes did not. The leaders since 2007 have been: Following the 2022 election and subsequent by-elections and changes of allegiance up to July 2024, the composition of

180-481: A post chaise to the mines. They went a considerable distance into the mines, braving the dark, wet and cramped conditions at first; however they had to turn back as Burns found the poor air very distressing. Burns did not record this visit, but Maria included the details in a letter. Wanlockhead has a moist oceanic climate ( Cfb , according to the Köppen climate classification ), with cool to chilly weather throughout

240-475: A longer line via Kilmarnock and Ayr . The area is served by buses which connect the main population centres. Express bus services link the main towns with Glasgow , Ayr , Edinburgh and Carlisle . Local bus services also operate across the region. Dumfries and Galloway is home to two ports which have services to Northern Ireland, both are in the West of the region. Stena Line and P&O Irish Sea both have

300-610: A much easier ascent. From Moffat the A708 heads north east along the valley of Moffat Water (Moffatdale) on its way to Selkirk . Moffatdale separates the Moffat hills (to the north) from the Ettrick hills to the south. There are three National scenic areas within this region. Transport in the region is operated by bus companies Houston's , Stagecoach Western , McCall's coaches, and a variety of other small operators. Train operators in

360-475: A port in the village of Cairnryan . The region also has no commercial airports; the nearest are Glasgow Prestwick Airport and Carlisle Lake District Airport . The region does host a number of private airfields. The town of Lockerbie was the scene of the Pan Am Flight 103 terrorist attack on 21 December 1988. The main roads to and from the region are: As with the whole of Scotland, Police Scotland

420-487: A reasonable admission charge or even for free, others may be of low quality and overprice their goods and services (such as admission, food, and souvenirs) in order to profit excessively from tourists. Such places are commonly known as tourist traps . Within cities, rides on boats and sightseeing buses are sometimes popular. Novelty attractions are oddities such as the " biggest ball of twine " in Cawker City, Kansas ,

480-801: A stronghold for several rare and protected species of amphibian, such as the Natterjack toad and the Great crested newt . There are also RSPB Nature Reserves at the Mull of Galloway , Wood of Cree ( Galloway Forest Park ), Ken Dee Marshes (near Loch Ken ) and Mereshead (near Dalbeattie on the Solway Firth ) There are five 7Stanes mountain biking centres in Dumfries and Galloway at Dalbeattie , Mabie , Ae, Glentrool and Kirroughtree . The Sustrans Route 7 long distance cycle route also runs through

540-759: A supposed UFO crash site near Roswell, New Mexico and the alleged Loch Ness monster sightings in Scotland . Ethnic communities may become tourist attractions, such as Chinatowns in the United States and the black British neighborhood of Brixton in London , England. Tourists also look for special local culinary experiences such as street kitchens in Asian metropolises or the coffeehouse culture in Central Europe . In particular, cultural property and

600-426: A wood lined culvert which carried it off to the nearby burn. Periodically the weight of the piston was adjusted so that it remained heavier than the empty bucket, ensuring that the beam fell to start the cycle again. The Secretary of State for Scotland in 1972 took on the guardianship of the beam engine, making it Scotland's third Industrial Monument. Historic Scotland owns and maintains the engine. A working model of

660-686: Is a good example of a region marketed and branded as a place for tourists to visit, mainly known for its Châteaux of the Loire valley . A tropical island resort is an island or archipelago that depends on tourism as its source of revenue. The Bahamas in the Caribbean , Bali in Indonesia , Phuket in Thailand , Hawaii in the United States , Fiji in the Pacific, and Santorini and Ibiza in

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720-620: Is marketed or markets itself as a place for tourists to visit". It may contain one or more tourist attractions and possibly some "tourist traps". Fátima town, for example, is a popular tourist destination in Portugal . Siem Reap town is a popular tourist destination in Cambodia , mainly owing to its proximity to the Angkor temples. The Loire valley , the third tourist destination in France ,

780-459: Is sharpened to increase the grip. They had to wait their turn and took shelter at Ramage's Inn, where Burns wrote a poem entitled Pegasus at Wanlockhead . Pegasus was the name of Burns' horse. Burns also visited Wanlockhead in January 1792 to explore the lead mines. He was accompanied by Maria Riddell , the sister of Robert Riddell of Friar's Carse . They breakfasted at Sanquhar and then took

840-465: Is the police force for the region and Scotland as a whole since it was formed from the merger of Scotland's previous regional police forces. Its predecessor, Dumfries and Galloway Constabulary (dissolved 2014) was the smallest police force in the United Kingdom. The Scottish Fire and Rescue Service (formerly Dumfries and Galloway Fire and Rescue Service ) provides firefighting services across

900-537: Is the setting for the BBC television drama series Hope Springs . Wanlockhead Miners' Library is the second-oldest subscription library in Great Britain and was established on 1 November 1756 with 32 male members who mainly funded the purchase of the books, etc.; a contribution was also made by mining companies who were keen to encourage such acts of 'self-improvement' amongst the miners. The Duke of Buccleuch, as

960-669: Is well known for its arts and cultural activities as well as its natural environment. The major festivals include the region-wide Dumfries & Galloway Arts Festival, and Spring Fling Open Studios . Other festivals include Big Burns Supper in Dumfries and the Wigtown Book Festival in Wigtown – Scotland's national book town. In terms of television, the area is cover by BBC Scotland broadcasting from Glasgow and ITV Border which broadcast from Gateshead . Radio stations are provided by BBC Radio Scotland which broadcast

1020-658: The Corn Palace in Mitchell, South Dakota , or Carhenge in Alliance, Nebraska , where old cars serve in the place of stones in a replica of Stonehenge . Novelty attractions are not limited to the American Midwest, but are part of Midwestern culture . A tourist destination is a city, town, or other area that is significantly dependent on revenues from tourism, or "a country, state, region, city, or town which

1080-515: The Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 , which established a two-tier structure of local government across Scotland comprising upper-tier regions and lower-tier districts. A region called Dumfries and Galloway was created covering the area of the three counties, which were abolished as administrative areas. The region contained four districts: Further local government reform in 1996 under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994 saw

1140-711: The West Coast Main Line with the ferries to Larne Harbour railway station and the Port of Belfast . The Port Road line to Stranraer was the last to go in June 1965, leaving only the original G&SWR main line open to serve the Stranraer. The Beeching cuts ended the Castle Douglas and Dumfries Railway and Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Railway has resulted in adverse mileage to connect Stranraer with

1200-456: The historic shires of Dumfriesshire , Kirkcudbrightshire , and Wigtownshire , the last two of which are collectively known as Galloway . The three counties were combined in 1975 to form a single region , with four districts within it. The districts were abolished in 1996, since when Dumfries and Galloway has been a unitary local authority. For lieutenancy purposes , the area is divided into three lieutenancy areas called Dumfries, Wigtown, and

1260-625: The 1950s. From 1850 the Glasgow and South Western Railway had provided sidings at Mennock Lye Goods Depot for the use of the Wanlockhead and Leadhills mines. The village had a curling club which was formed in 1777 and there were also quoits , bowling clubs, a drama group and a silver band which had instruments purchased for them by the Duke of Buccleuch. William Symington was from Leadhills, but lived and worked in Wanlockhead. His fame lies in

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1320-473: The Mediterranean are examples of popular island resorts. France , the United States , and Spain were the three most popular international destinations in 2017. The total number of international travelers arriving in those countries was about 234 million, contributing 8.9%, 7.7%, and 14.9%, respectively, to the total GDP of those countries. Although some years back, Africa was lean on tourism,

1380-526: The Stewartry of Kirkcudbright lieutenancy, and the Wigtown district corresponding to the Wigtown lieutenancy. The council headquarters is at the Council Offices at 113 English Street in Dumfries, which had been built in 1914 as the headquarters for the old Dumfriesshire County Council, previously being called "County Buildings". The first election to the Dumfries and Galloway Regional Council

1440-471: The Stewartry of Kirkcudbright, broadly corresponding to the three historic counties. The term Dumfries and Galloway has been used since at least the 19th century – by 1911 the three counties had a united sheriffdom under that name. Dumfries and Galloway covers the majority of the western area of the Southern Uplands , it also hosts Scotland's most Southerly point, at the Mull of Galloway in

1500-479: The United States, owners and marketers of attractions advertise tourist attractions on billboards along the sides of highways and roadways, especially in remote areas. Tourist attractions often distribute free promotional brochures to be displayed in rest areas , information centers, fast food restaurants, and motel rooms or lobbies. While some tourist attractions provide visitors a memorable experience for

1560-494: The area that is now Dumfries and Galloway was administered as three separate counties: Dumfriesshire , Kirkcudbrightshire , and Wigtownshire . The counties of Scotland originated as sheriffdoms, which were established from the twelfth century, consisting of a group of parishes over which a sheriff had jurisdiction. An elected county council was established for each county in 1890 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889 . The three county councils were abolished in 1975 under

1620-438: The area's four districts abolished, with the Dumfries and Galloway Council taking over the functions they had previously performed. The council continues to use the areas of the four abolished districts as committee areas . The four former districts are also used to define the area's three lieutenancy areas , with Nithsdale and Annandale and Eskdale together forming the Dumfries lieutenancy, the Stewartry district corresponding to

1680-421: The author's personal assessments. Sometimes it is particularly emphasized that this particular tourist attraction has not yet been in the focus of the international tourism industry. Some of the sights are internationally known or target the national or local market. Some attractions are reserved for the local population or are rarely advertised because the main traffic routes and main airports are too far away. In

1740-559: The beam engine is not certain, but accounts of similar engines have been recorded on a coal mine at Canonbie , Dumfriesshire, in the 1790s. The Wanlockhead Beam Engine was built, supposedly, in the middle of the 19th century and is the only lasting example of a water bucket pumping engine to be seen on a mine in the UK today. The beam engine allowed miners to continue working in the Straitsteps mine, and assuming that there were two strokes of

1800-422: The beam per minute, this engine would have been able to lift around 7,280 litres per hour (1,600 imp gal/h) and requiring little attention it would have been left to do this twenty-four hours a day. The wooden bucket was fed from a cistern above and once the weight of water was greater than the water above the pump piston the beam was lifted, carrying water from up to 28 metres (92 ft) below ground into

1860-488: The continent is currently regarded as the second fastest growing tourism region with over 67 million tourists visits to Africa in 2018. Ethiopia , with a growth rate of 48.6% in 2018, is at the top of the list of African tourist centers. Other tourist locations in Africa include Cape Town, South Africa , Giza Necropolis , Egypt , The Maasai Mara National Reserve, Kenya , Victoria Falls , Zimbabwe and Zambia . From

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1920-593: The cottage was a small one and it was found to be necessary to construct a larger building. The number of books purchased through subscription eventually rose to over 2,000 and in 1851 a new library was built and survives to this day. In 1974 the Wanlockhead Museum Trust took over the running of the library. The Miners' Library became a Recognised Collection of National Significance in October 2007. This lies approximately 1 mile (2 kilometres) from

1980-478: The council was: Three of the independent councillors and the Liberal Democrat sit together as the 'Independent Group'. Another three independent councillors form the 'Democratic Alliance' group, and the other independent does not belong to a group. The next election is due in 2027. Since 2007 elections have been held every five years under the single transferable vote system of election. This system

2040-466: The destination and contribute to the overall experience of the trip. The ultimate primary purpose of attractions is to attract the customer's attention so that they can come to a specific location and explore the various attractions on vacation. In the travel and tourism industry, attractions therefore play a particularly important role as this attracts tourists from all over the world. Tourist attractions are also created to capitalize on legends such as

2100-545: The engine is located in the Museum of Scottish Lead Mining. Wanlockhead is one of the birthplaces of Scottish winter sports. Curling in Wanlockhead can be traced back to 1777, when the Wanlockhead Curling Society –one of Scotland's first Curling societies- was created. Scotland's first boys' Curling club was established in Wanlockhead in 1883. The sport remained popular in the area until the 1930s, when

2160-570: The event of war, many tourist attractions are a special goal in order to cause lasting damage to the enemy or to finance the war. International attempts are therefore made to protect and preserve these economic and cultural foundations of a community, city or country. There is intensive cooperation between the United Nations , UNESCO and Blue Shield International on the protection of cultural goods and UNESCO World Heritage Sites. However, cooperation between organizations and state authorities

2220-416: The fact that he designed the engine used to power the world's first steamboat. This boat was successfully tested on Dalswinton Loch near Ellisland on 14 October 1788. Dalswinton was the home of Robert Burns's landlord, Patrick Miller. Robert Burns and an associate, Thomas Sloan, visited Wanlockhead in the winter of 1789–90. The weather was very icy and they decided to have their horses' shoes 'frosted', that

2280-645: The highest house in the village has been measured at 444 metres (1,457 ft). The village can be accessed via the B797 , which connects it to the A76 near Sanquhar and the A74(M) motorway at Abington . Wanlockhead takes its name from the Wanlock Water, a stream which rises in the remote hollow which forms the setting of the village. The village owes its existence to the lead and other mineral deposits found in

2340-672: The individual places of the UNESCO World Heritage Site have developed into tourist attractions. If too many tourists frequent individual places, this can lead to environmental pollution and resistance from the local population, such as in Barcelona or Venice. With regard to this whole subject, there are already lists of destinations that are not recommended to tourists. There are innumerable lists and reviews of tourist attractions. Visitor statistics, cultural significance, beauty or age are used and these always reflect

2400-407: The land owner, was a major patron of the library. The library was essential in facilitating a level of educational achievement that allowed some miners and their children to escape the toil of mine work. The school housed the library at first, but as the number of books increased, it became necessary in 1787 to move the library to a cottage given for this express purpose by the mine overseers. However

2460-399: The local opt-out from its studios in Dumfries and the commercial radio station, Greatest Hits Radio Dumfries & Galloway also broadcast local news bulletins to the area. The area is served by these local newspapers: Largest settlements by population: 33,470 10,110 8,760 5,610 4,190 4,160 4,030 4,000 3,350 3,110 Main settlements in bold text. Prior to 1975,

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2520-399: The mines closed. Since the 1920s skiing in the Wanlockhead area has been organised intermittently by a succession of local residents as well as several non-for-profit sports clubs. Lowther Hill, above the village, is home to the only ski area in the south of Scotland, and Scotland's only community-owned ski centre. Operated by Lowther Hills Ski Club, the ski centre runs three ski lifts above

2580-646: The north; Scottish Borders to the north-east; the English county of Cumbria, the Solway Firth , and the Irish Sea to the south, and the North Channel to the west. The administrative centre and largest settlement is the town of Dumfries . The second largest town is Stranraer , located 76 miles (122 km) to the west of Dumfries on the North Channel coast. Dumfries and Galloway corresponds to

2640-461: The object of cultural niches like industrial tourism and creative tourism. Many tourist attractions are also landmarks . But sports events such as a soccer game, Formula 1 race or sailing regatta can also attract tourists. Tourists' expectations when visiting a particular place are related to several features of the chosen destination: culture, architecture, gastronomy, infrastructure, landscape, events, shopping, etc. These features attract people to

2700-527: The primary motivations for a region to promote itself as a tourism destination is the expected economic benefit. According to the World Tourism Organization , 698 million people travelled to a foreign country in 2000, spending more than US$ 478 billion. International tourism receipts combined with passenger transport currently total more than US$ 575 billion – making tourism the world's number one export earner. Tourist attractions can: In

2760-556: The region are, ScotRail , TransPennine Express and Avanti West Coast . The region has seven working railway stations. All are on the Glasgow South Western Line , except Lockerbie which is on the West Coast Main Line . The mainline from Dumfries railway station via Newton Stewart to Stranraer Harbour railway station , was closed under the Beeching cuts . The line previously connected London Euston and

2820-624: The region. The Coastguard , Lifeboats , Moffat mountain rescue and Galloway Mountain Rescue also offer emergency services across Dumfries and Galloway. Nith Inshore Rescue is based at Glencaple . This independent lifeboat provides water rescue cover for the River Nith, surrounding rivers and inland water. Nith Inshore Rescue is a declared facility for HM Coastguard, the control centre and overseeing authority responsible for call outs. NHS Dumfries and Galloway provides healthcare services across

2880-486: The region. The two main hospitals are the Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary in Dumfries and Galloway Community Hospital in Stranraer. Dumfries & Galloway Council provides nursery, primary and secondary education across the region. For a list of nursery schools and primary schools, see List of state schools in Scotland/Council Areas A-D (excluding cities) . The region is known as

2940-777: The region. There is excellent hill walking in the Moffat Hills , Lowther Hills the Carsphairn and Scaur Hills and Galloway Hills . The Southern Upland Way coast to coast walk passes through Dumfries and Galloway and the 53-mile long Annandale Way travels from the Solway Firth into the Moffat hills near the Devil's Beef Tub . There is also fresh water sailing on Castle Loch at Lochmaben and at various places on Loch Ken Loch Ken also offers waterskiing and wakeboarding. The Solway Firth coastline offers fishing, caravaning and camping, walking and sailing. Dumfries and Galloway

3000-502: The surrounding hills. These deposits were first exploited by the Romans , and from the 13th century they began to be worked again in the summer. The village was founded permanently in 1680 when the Duke of Buccleuch built a lead smelting plant and workers' cottages. Lead , zinc , copper and silver were mined nearby, as well as some of the world's purest gold at 22.8 carats , which

3060-401: The tourism industry supply perspective, a destination is usually defined by a geo-political boundary, and destination marketing is most commonly funded by governments. From the traveler perspective, a destination might be perceived quite differently. Tourism generates substantial economic benefits for both host countries and tourists' home countries. Especially in developing countries, one of

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3120-605: The town of Moffat , climbs to Annanhead above the Devil's Beef Tub (at the source of the River Annan) before passing the source of the River Tweed and carrying on to Edinburgh . Until fairly recent times the ancient route to Edinburgh travelled right up Annandale to the Beef Tub before climbing steeply to Annanhead. The present road ascends northward on a ridge parallel to Annandale but to the west of it which makes for

3180-434: The village and dates from 1751. Before Wanlockhead had its own graveyard, coffins had to be transported along a typical corpse road the 8 miles (13 km) to the nearest graveyard, which was at Sanquhar . William Philip Minder who died on 2 April 1751 aged just 10 months was the first burial at the newly opened burial site. The beam engine and water bucket pumps were introduced into Wanlockhead in 1745. The history on

3240-418: The villages of Leadhills and Wanlockhead for beginners and intermediate skiers. Dumfries and Galloway Dumfries and Galloway ( Scots : Dumfries an Gallowa ; Scottish Gaelic : Dùn Phrìs is Gall-Ghaidhealaibh ) is one of the 32 unitary council areas of Scotland , located in the western part of the Southern Uplands . It is bordered by East Ayrshire , South Ayrshire , and South Lanarkshire to

3300-606: The west coast, in Dumfries & Galloway, and finishes some 212 miles (341 km) away at Cockburnspath on the east coast, in the Scottish Borders. The village is also the home of the highest pub in Scotland, the Wanlockhead Inn, which opened in 2003; an earlier pub on a track rising from the other side of the main road through the village was considerably higher, but closed in the late 1990s. The village

3360-464: The west of the region. The Dumfries and Galloway Council region is composed of counties and their sub-areas. From east to west: The region has a number of south running water systems which break through the Southern Uplands creating the main road, and rail, arteries north–south through the region and breaking the hills up into a number of ranges. The A701 branches off the M74 at Beattock , goes through

3420-520: The year, bordering on a subpolar oceanic climate ( Cfc , according Köppen). This town has cool summers and chilly winters, with snowfalls. It is one of the coldest inhabited places in the United Kingdom. The village now features a lead mining museum and industrial equipment from the 18th century and is a popular tourist destination . Wanlockhead is on the Southern Upland Way , a walking trail that traditionally starts at Portpatrick on

3480-417: Was held in 1974, initially operating as a shadow authority alongside the outgoing authorities until the new system came into force on 16 May 1975. A shadow authority was again elected in 1995 ahead of the reforms which came into force on 1 April 1996. Political control of the council since 1975 has been as follows: Regional council Unitary authority Since 2007 the council has been required to designate

3540-1107: Was introduced by the Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004 to achieve a reasonably proportionately representative outcome. Election results since 1995 have been as follows: The council area is divided into 12 wards that elect 43 councilors: Tourist destination Places of natural beauty such as beaches , tropical island resorts , national parks , mountains , deserts and forests , are examples of traditional tourist attractions which people may visit. Cultural tourist attractions can include historical places, sites of significant historic event , monuments , ancient temples , zoos , aquaria , museums and art galleries , botanical gardens , buildings and structures (such as forts , castles , libraries , former prisons , skyscrapers , bridges ), theme parks and carnivals , living history museums , public art ( sculptures , statues , murals ), ethnic enclave communities, historic trains and cultural events. Factory tours, industrial heritage, creative art and crafts workshops are

3600-482: Was used to make the Scottish Crown . Early gold miners included Cornelius de Vos , George Bowes , and Bevis Bulmer . Wanlockhead became known as "God's treasure house" from the richness of its mineral resources. Despite a branch railway (see Leadhills & Wanlockhead Railway ), also the highest in Scotland, which served the village from 1901 to 1939, lead mining declined in the 20th century and finished in

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