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77-481: Hope Sandoval & The Warm Inventions are an American-Irish dream pop band comprising Hope Sandoval of Mazzy Star and Colm Ó Cíosóig of My Bloody Valentine . Their first studio album, Bavarian Fruit Bread , was released on 23 October 2001. Alan Browne, from Irish band Dirt Blue Gene, played bass and co-wrote several songs on the album. Through the Devil Softly was released on 29 September 2009, and

154-462: A "blurry, blissful sound", and credits the influence of the "ethereal soundscapes" of Cocteau Twins as well as more distorted styles of American alternative rock . In the 1990s, "dream pop" and "shoegazing" were interchangeable and regionally dependent terms, with "dream pop" being the name by which "shoegazing" was typically known in America. AllMusic describes the dream pop label as covering both

231-517: A "crucial document" of the dream pop movement, commenting that the group "aimed to emulate an ethereality that could just as easily become nightmarish", resulting in music that feels "just out of reach." Their "dreampop" label was subsequently adopted by music critic Simon Reynolds to describe that group and later extended to the nascent shoegazing scene in the UK. Reynolds describes the movement as "a wave of hazy neo-psychedelic groups" characterised by

308-942: A Girl and a Bike (1949). Box remained determined on making social realism films, even after Gainsborough closed in 1951, when he said in 1952 "No film has yet been made of the Tolpuddle Martyrs , the Suffragette Movement , the National Health Service as it is today, or the scandals of the patent medicines, oil control in the World, or armaments manufactured for profit." However, he would not go on to make these types of stories into films, instead focusing on issues related to abortion, teenage prostitution, bigamy , child neglect , shoplifting , and drug trafficking in films such as Street Corner (1953), Too Young to Love (1959), and Subway in

385-503: A certain sound in those bands. Hope and I have a sound, but it's always changing and morphing into different things while still carrying a similar thread." Dream pop Dream pop (also typeset as dreampop ) is a subgenre of alternative rock and neo-psychedelia that emphasizes atmosphere and sonic texture as much as pop melody. Common characteristics include breathy vocals, dense productions, and effects such as reverb , echo , tremolo , and chorus . It often overlaps with

462-418: A dream pop sound specific to "the glitzy decay that is L.A.", according to Pitchfork ; that publication called the album a "dream pop classic". The late 1980s dream pop of A.R. Kane and My Bloody Valentine influenced 1990s acts such as Seefeel and Insides , who began incorporating elements such as samples and sequenced rhythms. Ambient pop music is described by AllMusic as "essentially an extension of

539-493: A progenitor of the genre, while stating that its Spector-produced parent album All Things Must Pass influenced "many guitar-driven, echo-drenched bands have come around since, mixing powerful rave-ups with moody, reflective down-tempo numbers and a spiritual bent. A.J. Ramirez of PopMatters recognises an evolutionary line from gothic rock to dream pop. The early 1980s gothic-derived " ethereal wave " subgenre, with its effects -laden guitar sounds and female vocals, led to

616-488: A response to the cultural landscape of the UK during the 1980s: "After 12 years of Conservative government in Britain, any idealism or constructive political involvement seems futile to these alienated middle-class dropouts." Similarly, according to Rachel Felder, dream pop artists often resist representations of social reality in favour of ambiguous or hallucinogenic experiences. Author Nathan Wiseman-Trowse writes that

693-526: A society dominated by working-class values had to absorb all the lessons of bourgeois art before it could move forward at all. The taking of power by Joseph Stalin's faction had its corollary in the establishment of an official art: on 23 April 1932, headed by Stalin, an organization formed by the central committee of the Communist Party developed the Union of Soviet Writers . This organization endorsed

770-401: A stirring appeal to a mass audience." Social realism in cinema was reflecting Britain's transforming wartime society. Women were working alongside men in the military and its munitions factories, challenging pre-assigned gender roles. Rationing, air raids and unprecedented state intervention in the life of the individual encouraged a more social philosophy and worldview. Social realist films of

847-523: A wall of noise." The music tends to focus on textures rather than propulsive rock riffs. Effects such as reverb and echo are ubiquitous, with tremolo and chorus also heard on recordings. Lyrics are often introspective or existential in nature, but may be difficult to hear or incomprehensible in the mix. In the view of critic Simon Reynolds , dream pop "celebrates rapturous and transcendent experiences, often using druggy and mystical imagery". In 1991, he suggested this escapist tendency might be

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924-461: A wide influence. Much of the music associated with the 2009-coined term " chillwave " could be considered dream pop. The 2010 album Teen Dream by Baltimore duo Beach House established the group as purveyors of modern dream pop that drew on the "languid reveries" of Cocteau Twins, Mazzy Star and Galaxie 500. The group's success in the late 2000s solidified the popularity of dream pop with millennial listeners. Social realism The term

1001-450: Is also different from realism as it not only presents conditions of the poor, but does so by conveying the tensions between two opposing forces, such as between farmers and their feudal lord. However, sometimes the terms social realism and socialist realism are used interchangeably. Social realism, as an art movement that became prominent in the US between the two world wars, as a reaction to

1078-749: Is now considered one of the most famous documentary photography projects ever. The Public Works of Art Project was a program to employ artists during the Great Depression . It was the first such program, running from December 1933 to June 1934. It was headed by Edward Bruce , under the United States Treasury Department and funded by the Civil Works Administration . Created in 1935, the Works Progress Administration

1155-461: Is sometimes more narrowly used for an art movement that flourished in the interwar period as a reaction to the hardships and problems suffered by common people after the Great Crash . In order to make their art more accessible to a wider audience, artists turned to realist portrayals of anonymous workers as well as celebrities as heroic symbols of strength in the face of adversity. The goal of

1232-630: The Philadelphia Record in April 1915. In paintings, illustrations, etchings, and lithographs, Ashcan artists concentrated on portraying New York 's vitality, with a keen eye on current events and the era's social and political rhetoric. H. Barbara Weinberg of The Metropolitan Museum of Art has described the artists as documenting "an unsettling, transitional time that was marked by confidence and doubt, excitement and trepidation. Ignoring or registering only gently harsh new realities such as

1309-685: The Ashcan School including Edward Hopper , and Thomas Hart Benton , Will Barnet , Ben Shahn , Jacob Lawrence , Paul Meltsner , Romare Bearden , Rafael Soyer , Isaac Soyer , Moses Soyer , Reginald Marsh , John Steuart Curry , Arnold Blanch , Aaron Douglas , Grant Wood , Horace Pippin , Walt Kuhn , Isabel Bishop , Paul Cadmus , Doris Lee , Philip Evergood , Mitchell Siporin , Robert Gwathmey , Adolf Dehn , Harry Sternberg , Gregorio Prestopino , Louis Lozowick , William Gropper , Philip Guston , Jack Levine , Ralph Ward Stackpole , John Augustus Walker and others. It also extends to

1386-506: The Farm Security Administration (FSA) project, from 1935 to 1943. After World War I , the booming U.S. farm economy collapsed from overproduction , falling prices, unfavorable weather, and increased mechanization . Many farm laborers were out of work and many small farming operations were forced into debt. Debt-ridden farms were foreclosed by the thousands, and sharecroppers and tenant farmers were turned from

1463-641: The Palme d'Or at the first Cannes Film Festival , and Bimal Roy 's Two Acres of Land (1953), which won the International Prize at the 1954 Cannes Film Festival . The success of these films gave rise to the Indian New Wave , with early Bengali art films such as Ritwik Ghatak 's Nagarik (1952) and Satyajit Ray 's The Apu Trilogy (1955–59). Realism in Indian cinema dates back to

1540-623: The Socialist Realism used in the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc , but the two are not identical – Social Realism is not an official art, and allows space for subjectivity . In certain contexts, socialist realism has been described as a specific branch of social realism. With the onset of abstract expressionism in the 1940s, social realism had gone out of fashion. Several WPA artists found work with

1617-736: The United States Office of War Information during WWII, making posters and other visual materials for the war effort. After the war, although lacking attention in the art market, many social realist artists continued their careers into the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and into the 2000s; throughout which, artists such as Jacob Lawrence , Ben Shahn , Bernarda Bryson Shahn , Raphael Soyer , Robert Gwathmey , Antonio Frasconi , Philip Evergood , Sidney Goodman, and Aaron Berkman continued to work with social realist modalities and themes. Whether in and out of fashion, social realism and socially conscious art-making continues today within

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1694-543: The contemporary art world, including artists Sue Coe , Mike Alewitz, Kara Walker , Celeste Dupuy Spencer , Allan Sekula , Fred Lonidier, and others. Muralists active in Mexico after the Mexican Revolution of 1910 created largely propagandizing murals which emphasized a revolutionary spirit and a pride in the traditions of the indigenous peoples of Mexico, and included Diego Rivera 's History of Mexico from

1771-519: The "approach to the sheer physicality of sound" integral to dream pop was "arguably pioneered in popular music by figures such as Phil Spector and ( Beach Boys founder) Brian Wilson ." The Beach Boys recorded an early dream pop song, " All I Wanna Do ", for their 1970 album Sunflower . Critic Jim Allen, who cites the Beach Boys as the "godfathers" of the style, says that the song's unprecedented "cinematic dream sequence" production style marks

1848-461: The "loud, shimmering feedback" of My Bloody Valentine and the "post-Velvet Underground guitar rock" of Galaxie 500 . My Bloody Valentine showcased a unique dream pop sound on their 1988 debut album Isn't Anything , with guitarist Kevin Shields employing a tremolo-arm technique in order to produce "an amorphous drone, at once visceral and disembodied". Galaxie 500 provided a "cornerstone" of

1925-417: The 1920s and 1930s was an inspiration to many artists north of the border and an important component of the social realism movement. The Mexican muralist movement is characterized by its political undertones, the majority of which are of a Marxist nature, and the social and political situation of post-revolutionary Mexico. Diego Rivera , David Alfaro Siqueiros , José Clemente Orozco , and Rufino Tamayo are

2002-483: The 1940s, referring to the British industry's rivalry with Hollywood in terms of "realism and tinsel". Balcon, the head of Ealing Studios , became a key figure in the emergence of a national cinema characterized by stoicism and verisimilitude. Critic Richard Armstrong said: "Combining the objective temper and aesthetics of the documentary movement with the stars and resources of studio filmmaking, 1940s British cinema made

2079-568: The 1960s but is still influential in thinking and the art of today. In the more limited meaning of the term, Social Realism with roots in European Realism became an important art movement during the Great Depression in the United States in the 1930s. As an American artistic movement it is closely related to American scene painting and to Regionalism . American Social Realism includes the works of such artists as those from

2156-573: The 20th century. With the communist revolution came also a cultural revolution. It also gave Stalin and his Communist Party greater control over Soviet culture and restricted people from expressing alternative geopolitical ideologies that differed to those represented in socialist realism. The decline of social realism came with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Social realism in cinema found its roots in Italian neorealism , especially

2233-932: The American James Abbott McNeill Whistler , as well as English artists Hubert von Herkomer and Luke Fildes had great success with realist paintings dealing with social issues and depictions of the "real" world. Artists in Western Europe also embraced social realism in the early 20th century, including Italian painter and illustrator Bruno Caruso , German artists Käthe Kollwitz , George Grosz , Otto Dix , and Max Beckmann ; Swedish artist Torsten Billman ; Dutch artists Charley Toorop and Pyke Koch ; French artists Maurice de Vlaminck , Roger de La Fresnaye , Jean Fautrier , and Francis Gruber and Belgian artists Eugène Laermans and Constant Permeke . The political polarization of

2310-468: The British middle-class generally responded to realism and restraint in cinema, while the working-class generally favored Hollywood genre movies. Thus realism carried connotations of education and high seriousness. These social and aesthetic distinctions would soon become running themes as social realism is now associated with the arthouse auteur, while mainstream Hollywood films are shown at the multiplex. Producer Michael Balcon revived this distinction in

2387-695: The Conquest to the Future , José Clemente Orozco 's Catharsis , and David Alfaro Siqueiros 's The Strike . These murals also encouraged social realism in other Latin American countries, from Ecuador ( Oswaldo Guayasamín 's The Strike ) to Brazil ( Cândido Portinari 's Coffee ). In Belgium, early representatives of social realism are found in the work of 19th century artists such as Constantin Meunier and Charles de Groux . In Britain, artists such as

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2464-508: The Durutti Column "embodied the cliché of the suicidal dream-pop guitarist in the mid-1980s" with his "narcotic performances" presaging later acts such as My Bloody Valentine and Galaxie 500 . The Dif Juz album Extractions (1985) would expand the dream pop sound, incorporating saxophone, shifting tonalities, and off-kilter rhythms. Film director David Lynch , unable to obtain the rights to This Mortal Coil's version of "Song to

2541-535: The Siren" for his 1986 film Blue Velvet , enlisted composer Angelo Badalamenti and singer Julee Cruise to record a replacement track. The result was "Mysteries of Love", described by Rolling Stone as a significant development of the dream pop sound which "gave the genre its synthy sheen". The trio of Cruise, Lynch and Badalamenti later recorded the 1989 album Floating into the Night , which further elaborated on

2618-551: The Sky (1959). A British New Wave movement emerged in the 1950s and 1960s. British auteurs like Karel Reisz , Tony Richardson , and John Schlesinger brought wide shots and plain speaking to stories of ordinary Britons negotiating postwar social structures. Relaxation of censorship enabled film makers to portray issues such as prostitution, abortion, homosexuality, and alienation. Characters included factory workers, office underlings, dissatisfied wives, pregnant girlfriends, runaways,

2695-631: The UK-based 4AD. According to Paste , the band crystallized their "swelling, euphoric" dream pop sound on the 1984 album Treasure , with guitarist Robin Guthrie conjuring an array of "woozy textures from his arsenal of effects pedals." The 1984 album It'll End in Tears by 4AD's "dream-pop supergroup" This Mortal Coil was conceived by label head Ivo Watts-Russell and featured members of Cocteau Twins and Dead Can Dance . The album helped "set

2772-504: The WPA are associated with social realism. Social realism became an important art movement during the Great Depression in the United States in the 1930s. As an American artistic movement encouraged by New Deal art , social realism is closely related to American scene painting and to Regionalism . In Mexico, the painter Frida Kahlo is associated with the social realism movement. The Mexican muralist movement that took place primarily in

2849-399: The art of photography as exemplified by the works of Walker Evans , Dorothea Lange , Margaret Bourke-White , Lewis Hine , Edward Steichen , Gordon Parks , Arthur Rothstein , Marion Post Wolcott , Doris Ulmann , Berenice Abbott , Aaron Siskind , and Russell Lee among several others. In Mexico, the painter Frida Kahlo is associated with the social realism movement. Also in Mexico

2926-404: The artists in doing so was political as they wished to expose the deteriorating conditions of the poor and working classes and hold the existing governmental and social systems accountable. Social realism should not be confused with socialist realism , the official Soviet art form that was institutionalized by Joseph Stalin in 1934 and was later adopted by allied Communist parties worldwide. It

3003-409: The best known proponents of the movement. Santiago Martínez Delgado , Jorge González Camarena , Roberto Montenegro , Federico Cantú Garza , and Jean Charlot , as well as several other artists participated in the movement. Many artists who subscribed to social realism were painters with socialist (but not necessarily Marxist ) political views. The movement therefore has some commonalities with

3080-408: The best known proponents of the movement. Santiago Martínez Delgado , Jorge González Camarena , Roberto Montenegro , Federico Cantú Garza , and Jean Charlot , as well as several other artists participated in the movement. Many artists who subscribed to social realism were painters with socialist (but not necessarily Marxist ) political views. The movement therefore has some commonalities with

3157-412: The development of socialist realism , which was to dominate Soviet culture and artistic expression for over 60 years. Socialist realism, representing socialist ideologies , was an art movement that represented social and political contemporary life in the 1930s, from a left-wing standpoint. It depicted subjects of social concern; the proletariat struggle – hardships of everyday life that

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3234-587: The documentary traditions of the late 19th century, such as the work of Jacob A. Riis , and Maksim Dmitriyev. In about 1900, a group of Realist artists led by Robert Henri challenged the American Impressionism and academics, in what would become known as the Ashcan school . The term was suggested by a drawing by George Bellows , captioned Disappointments of the Ash Can , which appeared in

3311-488: The dream pop and shoegaze scenes; it was represented by Cocteau Twins and labels such as 4AD and Projekt Records . Rolling Stone describes "modern dream pop" as originating with the early 1980s work of Cocteau Twins and their contemporaries. AllMusic 's Jason Ankeny credits the Cocteau Twins' "distinctly ethereal" sound and singer Elizabeth Fraser 's operatic, indecipherable vocals with defining their label,

3388-451: The dream pop that emerged in the wake of the shoegazer movement", distinct for its incorporation of electronic textures and techniques such as sampling . Bowery Electric 's 1996 album Beat was described by Long Live Vinyl as an important touchstone of both dream pop and trip hop . The 2007 album Person Pitch by Panda Bear combined Beach Boys-influenced dream pop with modern sampledelic techniques, winning acclaim and exerting

3465-422: The era include Target for Tonight (1941), In Which We Serve (1942), Millions Like Us (1943), and This Happy Breed (1944). Historian Roger Manvell wrote, "As the cinemas [closed initially because of the fear of air raids] reopened, the public flooded in, searching for relief from hard work, companionship, release from tension, emotional indulgence and, where they could find them, some reaffirmation of

3542-619: The exaggerated ego encouraged by Romanticism. Consequences of the Industrial Revolution became apparent; urban centers grew, slums proliferated on a new scale contrasting with the display of wealth of the upper classes. With a new sense of social consciousness, the Social Realists pledged to "fight the beautiful art", any style which appealed to the eye or emotions. They focused on the ugly realities of contemporary life and sympathized with working-class people, particularly

3619-665: The films of Roberto Rossellini , Vittorio De Sica , Luchino Visconti and to some extent Federico Fellini . Early British cinema used the common social interaction found in the literary works of Charles Dickens and Thomas Hardy . One of the first British films to emphasize realism's value as a social protest was James Williamson's A Reservist Before the War, and After the War in 1902. The film memorialized Boer War serviceman coming back home to unemployment. Repressive censorship during 1945–54 prevented British films from displaying more radical social positions. After World War I ,

3696-409: The genre emphasizes mood and sonics over lyrics, so that "chords and tracks blur seamlessly into one another so frequently that it can be difficult to even decipher when one song ended and another has begun." Common characteristics are breathy vocals, the use of guitar effects, and a densely produced sound, with "nebulous, distorted guitars" paired with "murmured vocals sometimes completely smudged into

3773-403: The genre in their 1989 album On Fire , with their downtempo, reverb -laden sound becoming influential. UK bands acts as A.R. Kane, My Bloody Valentine and Ride played an influential role in the development of the movement. Other prominent acts to emerge from the movement include Slowdive and Chapterhouse . The 1990 Cocteau Twins album Heaven or Las Vegas proved an iconic release in

3850-404: The genre. Spin credited My Bloody Valentine's "landmark" 1991 album Loveless with "crystalizing (and obliterating) the genres of dream pop and shoegaze guitar rock." The UK band Lush became an influential act in the genre during the 1990s, with Robin Guthrie producing their 1992 debut album Spooky . The 1993 album So Tonight That I Might See by American band Mazzy Star reflected

3927-516: The goals of many realists as Gustave Courbet . The French Realist movement had equivalents in all other Western countries, developing somewhat later. In particular, the Peredvizhniki or Wanderers group in Russia who formed in the 1860s and organized exhibitions from 1871 included many realists such as Ilya Repin and had a great influence on Russian art. From that important trend came

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4004-667: The increasing hardship for ordinary people, was influenced by the social realist tradition in France which had existed for decades. Social realism traces back to 19th-century European Realism , including the art of Honoré Daumier , Gustave Courbet and Jean-François Millet . Britain's Industrial Revolution aroused concern for the poor, and in the 1870s the work of artists such as Luke Fildes , Hubert von Herkomer , Frank Holl , and William Small were widely reproduced in The Graphic . In Russia, Peredvizhniki or "Social Realism"

4081-426: The introduction of photography  – a new visual source that created a desire for people to produce things that look "objectively real". Realism was heavily against romanticism , a genre dominating French literature and artwork in the mid-19th century. Undistorted by personal bias, Realism believed in the ideology of external reality and revolted against exaggerated emotionalism . Truth and accuracy became

4158-507: The land. When Franklin D. Roosevelt entered office in 1932, almost two million farm families lived in poverty, and millions of acres of farm land had been ruined from soil erosion and poor farming practices. The FSA was a New Deal agency designed to combat rural poverty during this period. The agency hired photographers to provide visual evidence that there was a need, and that FSA programs were meeting that need. Ultimately this mission accounted for over 80,000 black and white images, and

4235-440: The marginalized, the poor, and the depressed. The New Wave protagonist was usually a working-class male without bearings in a society in which traditional industries and the cultures that went with them were in decline. Mike Leigh and Ken Loach also make contemporary social realist films. Social realism was also adopted by Hindi films of the 1940s and 1950s, including Chetan Anand 's Neecha Nagar (1946), which won

4312-533: The mid-19th century. Social realism in the 20th century refers to the works of the French artist Gustave Courbet and in particular to the implications of his 19th-century paintings A Burial At Ornans and The Stone Breakers , which scandalized French Salon –goers of 1850, and is seen as an international phenomenon also traced back to European realism and the works of Honoré Daumier and Jean-François Millet . The social realist style fell out of fashion in

4389-494: The newly designated ideology of social realism. By 1934, all other independent art groups were abolished, making it nearly impossible for someone not involved in the Union of Soviet Writers to get work published. Any literary piece or painting that did not endorse the ideology of social realism was censored or banned. This new art movement, introduced under Joseph Stalin, was one of the most practical and durable artistic approaches of

4466-402: The people and should stand on the side of the proletariat. "Art should be based on their feelings, thoughts, and demands, and should grow along with them", said Lenin. He also believed that literature must be part of the proletariat's common cause. After the revolution of 1917, leaders of the newly formed communist party were encouraging experimentation of different art types. Lenin believed that

4543-483: The period resulted in social realism's distinction from socialist realism becoming less obvious in public opinion, and by the mid-20th century abstract art had replaced it as the dominant movement in both Western Europe and the United States. Realism , a style of painting that depicts the actuality of what the eyes can see, was a very popular art form in France around the mid- to late-19th century. It came about with

4620-546: The point "where the dream pop family tree starts to come into focus." However, the Beach Boys' impact on the genre was not widely acknowledged until after the 2000s. The 1960s work of the Byrds would influence the "swoony harmonies" of later British dream pop groups. The music of the Velvet Underground in the 1960s and 1970s, which experimented with repetition, tone and texture over conventional song structure,

4697-575: The poor. They recorded what they saw ("as it existed") in a dispassionate manner. The public was outraged by Social Realism, in part, because they didn't know how to look at it or what to do with it. Social realism in the United States was inspired by the muralists active in Mexico after the Mexican Revolution of 1910. Social realist photography reached a culmination in the work of Dorothea Lange , Walker Evans , Ben Shahn , and others for

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4774-536: The problems of immigration and urban poverty, they shone a positive light on their era." Notable Ashcan works include George Luks ' Breaker Boy and John Sloan 's Sixth Avenue Elevated at Third Street . The Ashcan school influenced the art of the Depression era , including Thomas Hart Benton 's mural City Activity with Subway . The term dates on a broader scale to the Realist movement in French art during

4851-453: The related genre of shoegaze , and the two genre terms have at times been used interchangeably. The genre came into prominence in the 1980s through groups associated with the UK label 4AD , most prominently Cocteau Twins , This Mortal Coil , and A.R. Kane . Subsequently, UK-based acts such as My Bloody Valentine , Slowdive , and Lush alongside US-based artists Galaxie 500 , Julee Cruise , and Mazzy Star released significant albums in

4928-406: The socialist realism used in the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc , but the two are not identical – social realism is not an official art, and allows space for subjectivity . In certain contexts, socialist realism has been described as a specific branch of social realism. Social realism has been summarized as follows: Social Realism developed as a reaction against idealism and

5005-584: The struggle to produce a successful socialist nation. The Unions Newspaper, the Literaturnaya Gazeta , described social realism as "the representation of the proletarian revolution". During Joseph Stalin's reign, it was considered most important to use socialist realism as a form of propaganda in posters, as it kept people optimistic and encouraged greater productive effort, a necessity in his aim of developing Russia into an industrialized nation. Vladimir Lenin believed that art should belong to

5082-543: The style and featured the Twin Peaks theme and UK top 10 single " Falling ". The term "dreampop" was coined in the late 1980s by Alex Ayuli of A.R. Kane to describe his band's eclectic sound, which blended effects-laden guitar with dub production and drum machine backing, among other elements. The group released their 1987 EP Lollita on 4AD, with production by Cocteau Twins guitarist Robin Guthrie. Pitchfork describes their debut album Sixty Nine (1988) as

5159-516: The style of art the USSR should endorse would have to be easy to understand (ruling out abstract art such as suprematism and constructivism ) for the masses of illiterate people in Russia. A wide-ranging debate on art took place; the main disagreement was between those who believed in "Proletarian Art" which should have no connections with past art coming out of bourgeois society, and those (most vociferously Leon Trotsky ) who believed that art in

5236-417: The style. It saw renewed popularity among millennial listeners following the late-2000s success of acts such as Beach House . The term dream pop is thought to relate to the "immersion" in the music experienced by the listener. The AllMusic Guide to Electronica (2003) defined dream pop as "an atmospheric subgenre of alternative rock that relies on sonic textures as much as melody". According to Paste ,

5313-637: The template for dream pop" and associated the formerly gothic-affiliated UK label with the style. The album's 1983 single, the Tim Buckley cover " Song to the Siren ", became an influential work in the genre, and saw success in the UK Indie Chart , remaining there consistently for two years. Other early acts to touch on the style included Lori and the Chameleons , Dif Juz , and the Durutti Column . According to Pitchfork , Vini Reilly of

5390-507: The values of humanity." In the postwar period, films like Passport to Pimlico (1949), The Blue Lamp (1949), and The Titfield Thunderbolt (1952) reiterated gentle patrician values, creating a tension between the camaraderie of the war years and the burgeoning consumer society. Sydney Box 's arrival as head of Gainsborough pictures in 1946 saw a transition from the Gainsborough melodramas , which had been successful during

5467-953: The war years, to social realism. Issues such as short-term sexual relationships, adultery, and illegitimate births flourished during the Second World War and Box, who favoured realism over what he termed as "flamboyance fantasy", brought these and other social issues, such as child adoption , juvenile delinquency , and displaced persons to the fore with films such as When the Bough Breaks (1947), Good-Time Girl (1948), Portrait from Life (1948), The Lost People (1949), and Boys in Brown (1949). Films of new rapidly expanding forms of leisure by working class families in postwar Britain were also represented by Box in Holiday Camp (1947), Easy Money (1948), and A Boy,

5544-427: The working class had to put up with, and heroically emphasized the values of the loyal communist workers. The ideology behind social realism, communicated by depicting the heroism of the working class, was to promote and spark revolutionary actions and to spread the image of optimism and the importance of productiveness. Keeping people optimistic meant creating a sense of patriotism , which would prove very important in

5621-433: Was also an important touchstone in the genre's development. Their 1967 debut The Velvet Underground & Nico incorporated what music critic Marc Beamount terms " psychedelic dream pop" in addition to a variety of other styles. Elements of dream pop could also be found in Velvet Underground songs such as " Candy Says " (1969). Music journalist John Bergstrom recognises George Harrison 's 1970 track " Let It Down " as

5698-644: Was critical of the social environment that caused the conditions pictured, and denounced the Tsarist period . Ilya Repin said that his art work aimed "to criticize all the monstrosities of our vile society" of the Tsarist period. Similar concerns were addressed in 20th-century Britain by the Artists' International Association , Mass Observation and the Kitchen sink school . Social realist photography draws from

5775-554: Was recorded with Dirt Blue Gene. Their third album, Until the Hunter , was released on 4 November 2016. Its first single, " Isn't It True ", was released on 7" vinyl as part of Record Store Day 2016. A second single, " Let Me Get There " featuring Kurt Vile , was released on 23 September. In a 2016 interview with Consequence of Sound , Ó Cíosóig explained how the musical composition differed from his and Hope's other bands, "It's not that our other bands have restrictions, but there's

5852-541: Was the Mexican muralist movement that took place primarily in the 1920s and 1930s; and was an inspiration to many artists north of the border and an important component of the social realism movement. The Mexican muralist movement is characterized by its political undertones, the majority of which are of a Marxist nature, and the social and political situation of post-revolutionary Mexico. Diego Rivera , David Alfaro Siqueiros , José Clemente Orozco , and Rufino Tamayo are

5929-409: Was the largest and most ambitious New Deal agency , employing millions of unemployed people (mostly unskilled men) to carry out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads. In much smaller but more famous projects the WPA employed musicians, artists, writers, actors and directors in large arts, drama, media, and literacy projects. Many of the artists employed under

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