54-743: The Warner Estate is an area of housing in Walthamstow and Highams Park , Waltham Forest in East London . The area was developed by Thomas Courtenay Warner and the Warner Company. Thomas Courtenay Warner inherited his father's estate in Walthamstow in 1875. He began developing the Clock House Estate (which he owned). His company, The Warner Estate Co. Ltd. , was registered in 1891, and in 1897 he created another company which became Courtenay Building Ltd. to construct
108-422: A better class of tenant". The rents included "rates, taxes and fire insurance for furniture", and also offered a high standard of maintenance. The homes were split into two flats. The paint scheme created a uniform appearance, and by 1900 these homes became somewhat sought after. Between 1870 and 1914, the style was of a terrace of two-storey houses. These were built with yellow brick with red brick detailing, and
162-546: A campaign to have the district incorporated and a petition was submitted to the privy council in 1920. The decision was delayed until 1926 by the Royal Commission on London Government . The council had been supplying electricity to the district since 1895 and during the General Strike of 1926 cut off the supply to factories. Following the strike, the council was found to be in neglect of duty and this led to
216-530: A fire in 2019 and fully restored) both of which have large multi-storey car parks. The historic central library on the High Street was one of many built with money donated by the Scottish-American businessman and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie , whose portrait bust can be seen on the exterior of the building. The library was damaged by a fire in 1982 but modernised and expanded in 2006–07. At
270-647: A manor owned by the Anglo-Saxon nobleman Earl Waltheof of Huntingdon and Northumbria before the Norman conquest of 1066. After the execution of Earl Waltheof, the property of the land passed to his wife, Countess Judith, also known as Judith of Lens , a niece of William the Conqueror. The Domesday Book records 36 villeins , 25 bordars and 4 slaves living in the manor in 1086. Alice, daughter of Earl Waltheof and Countess Judith, inherited Walthamstow. She married
324-588: A museum that was once the family home of William Morris , is a Grade II* listed building. The town is served by five railway stations, including Walthamstow Central and Blackhorse Road —interchange stations on the Victoria line of the London Underground . Walthamstow was a civil parish , originally part of the Becontree Hundred of Essex. As part of the suburban growth of London,
378-701: A prince" and cultivated a vineyard . The Vestry House, now the Vestry House Museum , was used as the first town hall . The influential textile designer and craftsman William Morris was born in Walthamstow in 1834. The Georgian mansion where he lived as a teenager houses the William Morris Gallery . By 1870 Walthamstow had grown to the size of a small suburb and a new town hall was built in Orford Road from which affairs of
432-400: Is a Sunday farmers' market . The street is lined with shops: a selection of high street chains, but also many independent small shops specialising in food, fabrics, and household goods, as well as cafés. There are two patches of more recent development: Sainsbury's supermarket and the covered shopping centre 17&Central (originally Selborne Walk, then The Mall Walthamstow, badly damaged by
486-488: Is a quiet thoroughfare by the standards of London. The village has a small selection of specialist shops, pubs and restaurants, and house prices tend to be higher in the streets of this neighbourhood. It was voted best urban village in London by Time Out magazine in 2004. Upper Walthamstow is to the east of Walthamstow Village . The area's main thoroughfare is Wood Street, which has several shops and local businesses, and
540-462: Is a town within the London Borough of Waltham Forest in east London . The town borders Chingford to the north, Snaresbrook and South Woodford to the east, Leyton and Leytonstone to the south, and Tottenham to the west. At the 2011 census, Walthamstow had a population of approximately 109,424 and is around 7.5 miles (12 km) north-east of Central London . Occupying most of
594-830: Is bordered to the north by Chingford and to the south by Leyton and Leytonstone . Woodford lies to the east with a boundary running through Epping Forest , Hackney lies to the south-west beyond the Walthamstow Marshes and the Lea, while Tottenham is situated westward on the far side of the River Lea and the Lee Valley Reservoir Chain . The A112 (Leyton High Road, Hoe Street, Chingford Road, Chingford Mount Rd) passes south–north through Walthamstow and its neighbouring towns forming part of an ancient route from London to Waltham Abbey . Walthamstow
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#1732781167129648-563: Is current refurbishment of the town square and new homes adjacent to the 17&Central shopping centre which is being extended. The Walthamstow Beer Mile , also known as the Blackhorse Beer Mile , is an attraction consisting of a growing number of micro-breweries, and their associated tap-rooms, in and around Blackhorse Road and Blackhorse Lane. Walthamstow is served by trains on the London Underground , London Overground and National Rail networks. Walthamstow Central
702-470: Is now the western end of Queens Road. Both open spaces were lost in the 19th century, when the land was sold to property developers. Lloyd Park has been open to the public since 1900 and is located on Forest Road behind the William Morris Gallery . It has a formal garden with a pond, and the adjacent Aveling Field has facilities for bowling, tennis, basketball, an outdoor gym, a skate park and a children's play area. Walthamstow roughly approximates to seven of
756-641: Is on the London Overground between Gospel Oak and Barking . Blackhorse Road is located to the west of Walthamstow; it is also served by Victoria line trains and London Overground trains between Gospel Oak and Barking . Other stations include St James Street and Wood Street , on the London Overground between Liverpool Street and Chingford. Lea Bridge is also nearby, served by Greater Anglia trains between Stratford and Bishop's Stortford , via Tottenham Hale and Harlow , with onward connections to Stansted Airport . All railway stations in
810-684: Is served by the London Overground at Wood Street station on the Liverpool Street to Chingford line. One of the Great Trees of London , the Wood Street Horse Chestnut , is located next to the former Jones's Butchers Shop, a grade II listed, late 18th century weatherboarded building. The tree is thought to be upwards of 175 years old. Wood Street is home to Wood Street Indoor Market. The market
864-670: Is situated on Markhouse Road, on the corner of Downsfield Road. There is a lantern at the top of the tower, which also contains a spiral staircase. The church was erected because of the generosity of Captain David King of the shipbuilding firm of Bullard King & Co which also ran the Natal Direct Shipping Line, which ran ships direct from London to Durban without stopping at the Cape . In 1885, John Kemp Starley , originally from Church Hill in Walthamstow, designed
918-489: Is situated south of the North Circular Road . Walthamstow Central is the main transport hub. Walthamstow Village conservation area is a district to the east of what has become the commercial centre of Walthamstow. The area is roughly defined as being south of Church Hill, west of Shernhall Street, north of Grove Road, and east of Hoe Street. Orford Road is the main route through the district, though even this
972-547: Is the area's busiest interchange. It is the northern terminus of the London Underground Victoria line , which provides the area with a direct connection to Tottenham , the West End and Brixton . The station is also served by London Overground services between London Liverpool Street and Chingford , via Hackney Downs . There is an out-of-station interchange with Walthamstow Queen's Road , which
1026-423: The 2012 Summer Olympics , the town has become increasingly popular mostly as a result of gentrification . Local property prices increased at a high rate of 22.3% from 2013 to 2014, compared to London's average of 17.8%. It has turned Walthamstow into a 'trendy' town similar to Shoreditch . The leafy Walthamstow Village in particular has become sought-after by buyers. On 29 May 2015, a regular local unicyclist
1080-462: The Education Act 1902 this power was transferred to Essex County Council. However, thanks to the rapid suburban development of London, the population of Walthamstow was high enough, therefore it was permitted to take over responsibility from the school board for elementary education. This right continued after the Education Act 1944 . The borough ran its own tram services until they became
1134-624: The Local Government Act 1894 it became an urban district , governed by Walthamstow Urban District Council as London continued to grow its suburbs. The parish of Walthamstow included a long and narrow exclave of 98 acres in Leyton known as "Walthamstow Slip". It became part of the Leyton local government district in 1873 when a local board was created and was merged with the Leyton civil parish on 1 December 1877. The incorporation of
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#17327811671291188-547: The Municipal Borough of Leyton to form the London Borough of Waltham Forest in Greater London . Other places in east London formerly of the county of Essex, such as Ilford and Romford were placed into London Boroughs along with Walthamstow. None of the postal district names or codes was changed at this time (e.g. Ilford remained Ilford, Essex IG1-IG6 and Walthamstow remained London E17 ). Since
1242-550: The Second World War and urban redevelopment projects in the 1960s and 1970s have left areas with more modern housing, mostly in the shape of low-rise concrete blocks. The northern continuation of Markhouse Road is St James's Street to which Blackhorse Road follows, served by underground and railway stations, which in turn becomes Blackhorse Lane. This is bound on its western side by industrial units and warehouses. The London Borough of Waltham Forest has proposed developing
1296-468: The electoral wards within the London Borough of Waltham Forest: Chapel End (northeastern part), Higham Hill (northwestern part), High Street (western), Hoe Street (inner-eastern and Walthamstow Village ), Markhouse (southwestern), William Morris (northern), and Wood Street (eastern and Upper Walthamstow ). The 2011 census counted a total population of 109,424 of all these wards combined. As of
1350-609: The parish of Walthamstow as a municipal borough was publicly discussed in 1892 (the population at the 1891 census was 46,346). In 1907 and 1908 the possibility of transfer to the County of London was considered by Walthamstow Urban District Council, which would have converted the urban district into a metropolitan borough (1911 population was 124,580). After the First World War the Walthamstow Guardian led
1404-475: The thermal efficiency was 9.30 per cent. It was subsequently demolished. From 1894 the Municipal Borough of Walthamstow was an urban district and from 1929 a municipal borough in Essex . In 1931 the population of the borough, covering an area of 4,342 acres (1,757 hectares), peaked at 132,972. In 1965 the borough was abolished and its former area merged with that of the Municipal Borough of Chingford and
1458-739: The 2011 census, White British is the largest ethnicity in all wards. Other White is the second largest in all wards except Markhouse. The other double-digit ethnicities are Pakistani and Black African. The minority ethnic proportion ranges from 48.5% in Chapel End to 58.2% in Markhouse. The male life expectancy ranged from 77.2 years in Hoe Street to 82.1 years in Chapel End; the female life expectancy ranged from 82.1 years in both Higham Hill and Hoe Street to 84.8 years in High Street. This data covers 2009–2013. The median house price as of 2014
1512-709: The Borough. The power station in Exeter Street had three brick chimneys and an array of wooden cooling towers. In 1923 the revenue to the Borough from sales of electricity was £109,909. Upon nationalisation of the electricity industry in 1948 ownership of the station passed to the British Electricity Authority and later to the Central Electricity Generating Board . The CEGB closed the station in 1967 when
1566-811: The Norman nobleman Ralph de Tosny or Toeni (also known as Raoul IV de Conches) in 1103. When her husband died, c. 1126 , Alice gave the church of Walthamstow to the Priors of the Holy Trinity based in Aldgate, London. King John stayed in Walthamstow for two nights in February 1208. In the 1660s Sir William Batten , Surveyor of the Navy, and his wife Elizabeth Woodcocke had a house in Wood Street where, according to Samuel Pepys , Batten lived "like
1620-610: The UK National Air Quality Objective, with one diffusion tube on Selborne Road recording an annual average NO 2 concentration of 61.0μg/m3. Municipal Borough of Walthamstow Walthamstow was a local government district in southwest Essex , England from 1873 to 1965, around the town of Walthamstow . It was within the London suburbs, forming part of the London postal district and Metropolitan Police District . Its former area now corresponds to
1674-532: The Walthamstow Vestry to the West Ham Board of Guardians. To avoid this, the parish adopted the Local Government Act 1858 in 1873 and was constituted as a local board district , governed by a local board , replacing the vestry , and special drainage district that had been created in 1868 for the southeast of the parish. The local board became the urban sanitary authority in 1875. Under
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1728-463: The Warner Company expanded elsewhere). In 2001 745 tenanted and 350 leasehold properties (the remainder of the Warner Estate after the previous disposals were transferred to Circle 33 Housing Association. The Warner Company went into administration in 2013. The company had provided social housing for over 110 years, at rents slightly higher than other local landlords "with the aim of attracting
1782-467: The area are in London fare zone 3 , except for Wood Street which is in zone 4 . London Buses routes 20 , 34 , 55 , 58 , 69 , 97 , 123 , 158 , 212 , 215 , 230 , 257 , 275 , 357 , 675 , SL1 , SL2 , W11 , W12 , W15 , W16 , W19 and night routes N26 , N38 and N73 serve the area. Walthamstow bus station is next to Walthamstow Central station, along Selborne Road. Several arterial routes pass through Walthamstow which link
1836-476: The area around Blackhorse Road railway station to become a gateway to the town. Although bounded by the marshes to the west and parts of Epping Forest to the east, there is little open space in the actual town. There used to be two commons in the town, Church Common, adjacent to St. Mary's Church in Walthamstow Village and Markhouse Common, located off Markhouse Lane (now Markhouse Road) and what
1890-649: The central part of the London Borough of Waltham Forest in Greater London . Its population and area grew rapidly as London continued to develop its suburbs. The ancient parish of Walthamstow formed part of the Becontree hundred of Essex. It was grouped into the West Ham poor law union in 1837 and included in the Metropolitan Police District in 1840. The Public Health Act 1872 would have transferred sewerage and sanitary powers from
1944-419: The delay of the official grant of borough status until 1929. The charter of incorporation was presented by James Henry Thomas , Lord Privy Seal. The first mayor was Sir Courtenay Warner . There was a burial board from 1870 to 1896, when the functions were absorbed by Walthamstow Urban District Council. There was a Walthamstow School Board from 1880 to 1903 responsible for elementary education. Following
1998-719: The district to other areas in London and the East of England . To the north, the A406 (North Circular) runs east–west around Walthamstow. The road links the district to Ilford , the M11 (for Stansted Airport ) and London City Airport to the east. To the west, the North Circular passes through Edmonton , Finchley and Brent Cross en route to Chiswick . The route meets the M1 and M4 motorways (for Luton and Heathrow airports). To
2052-431: The first modern bicycle, and in 1892, Frederick Bremer built the first British motorcar in a workshop in his garden, at Connaught Road. The vehicle is on display at the Vestry House Museum in Walthamstow. The LGOC X-type and B-type buses were built at Blackhorse Lane from October 1908 onwards. The B-type is considered one of the first mass-production buses. The manufacturing operation later became AEC , famous as
2106-647: The housing. By 1900 housing had been built on Blackhorse Lane, as well as a business development of shops and offices on Walthamstow High Street. Warner built housing on the land himself, rather than selling it off. Warner also developed the Highams Estate in Highams Park during the 1930s. In the 1970s, many properties were transferred to the Courtenay Building Ltd. and later in the 21st century properties were sold to private buyers (and
2160-494: The manufacturer of many of London's buses. On 13 June 1909, A. V. Roe's aircraft took to the air from Walthamstow Marshes. It was the first all-British aircraft and was given the ominous nickname of the "Yellow Terror" but officially carried the name Avro1. Roe later founded the Avro aircraft company, which later built the acclaimed Avro Lancaster . Walthamstow Borough Corporation had been authorised in 1904 to supply electricity to
2214-523: The municipal boroughs of Chingford and Leyton to form the new Waltham Forest local authority district, becoming part of Greater London . The borough council is based at Waltham Forest Town Hall on Forest Road. Walthamstow is recorded c. 1075 as Wilcumestowe ("the Place of Welcome") and in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Wilcumestou . The Domesday Book describes Wilcumestou as
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2268-593: The north of Walthamstow, at the Crooked Billet Roundabout (North Circular), there is an automatic monitoring site which recorded an average NO 2 concentration of 61.1μg/m3 ( micrograms per cubic metre ) in 2017. This fails to meet the UK National Air Quality Objective set by the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA) at 40μg/m3. Alternative roadside monitoring sites along Hoe Street and Selborne Road also failed to meet
2322-649: The responsibility of the London Passenger Transport Board in 1933. Walthamstow Town Hall was built on Orford Road in 1876. A new Town Hall was built in Forest Road in 1941. Walthamstow formed part of the review area of the Royal Commission on Local Government in Greater London . The report of the commission proposed that Walthamstow should be combined with Chingford to form one of 52 boroughs in Greater London. Following
2376-604: The roofs were made of slate. Some properties had bay windows. The terraces at Highams Park had fanciful ornamentation picked out in white plaster. Many properties had front gardens. The quality of the housing was high: It was "notable for the quality of their workmanship and are in distinctive styles, often in bold red brick, with gables, recessed porches, and tiled roofs". 51°35′42″N 0°01′26″W / 51.595°N 0.024°W / 51.595; -0.024 Walthamstow Walthamstow ( / ˈ w ɔː l θ əm s t oʊ / or / ˈ w ɒ l θ əm s t oʊ / )
2430-550: The same time, a large plot at the corner of High Street and Hoe Street was set for substantial redevelopment as a retail space. This site was previously the location of the town's central post office and a shopping arcade built in the 1960s. Plans for the redevelopment of this site initially fell through in 2005, but work on a new cinema, flats and restaurants started in April 2013 and was completed in December 2014. As of 2024, there
2484-612: The southeast of nearby Leytonstone , the A12 ( Eastern Avenue ) carries traffic northeast towards the M25 , Romford , and destinations in Essex and Suffolk . Southwest, the A12 passes around Stratford and Hackney Wick before terminating in Poplar . Other routes include: The London Borough of Waltham Forest monitors kerbside and roadside Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) levels in Walthamstow. To
2538-412: The town expanded rapidly in the 19th century, becoming part of the urban area of the city. It has formed part of the Metropolitan Police District since 1840, and the London postal district since its inception in 1856. The parish became a local board district in 1873, an urban district in 1894 and a municipal borough in 1929. Following reform of local government in London in 1965 , it merged with
2592-454: The town's east-to-west High Street, Walthamstow Market is the longest outdoor market in Europe. East of the town centre is Walthamstow Village , the oldest part of Walthamstow, and the location of St Mary's Church , the town's parish church. To the north of the town is the former Walthamstow Stadium , which was considered an East End landmark. The William Morris Gallery in Forest Road,
2646-500: The village were run. A new town hall designed by architect Philip Dalton Hepworth in the Nordic Classical style was built between 1938 and 1942. Until the late 19th century Walthamstow was largely rural, with a small village centre (now Walthamstow Village ) and a number of large estates. The main route through the district was Hoe Street. There were various smaller lanes crossing the town. The road now known as Forest Road
2700-476: Was built in the early 20th century. From Coppermill Lane in the west (next to the marshes), to Wood Street in the east, there are thousands of terraced streets dating to the Edwardian era and the 1920s. The area along Markhouse Road and St James Street has many examples of Warner properties. These were developed as affordable housing for the working classes in the early part of the 20th century. Bombing raids in
2754-411: Was highest in Wood Street ward (£387,500) and lowest in Markhouse ward (£324,000). The High Street is dominated by Walthamstow Market , which began in 1885, and occupies all but the last 100 yards of the street. It is reputed to be a mile long , but in fact measures approximately ⅔ of a mile. It is the longest street market in Europe. The market is open five days a week (not Sunday or Monday), and there
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#17327811671292808-422: Was hit and dragged under by a double decker route 212 bus in Hoe Street. Locals numbering up to 100 people helped to pull the bus off the unicyclist. The MP for Walthamstow, Stella Creasy , later said she was "proud" of the community for saving the unicyclist's life. Walthamstow elects councillors to Waltham Forest London Borough Council . It is within the Walthamstow parliamentary constituency . Walthamstow
2862-451: Was originally called Clay Street. Further south, the High Street was named Marsh Street, and led from the original settlement out to the marshes . Shernhall Street is an ancient route, as is Wood Street, to the east. With the advent of the railways and the ensuing suburbanisation in the late 19th century, Walthamstow experienced a large growth in population and speculative building. The Lighthouse Methodist Church which dates from 1893
2916-558: Was the site of a cinema from 1912 to 1955, operated by the Penny Picture Theatre Co. It re-opened under new independent management in 1953 as the Rio Cinema, but this was short lived and it closed in 1955. Now the market is filled with quirky market traders, and was documented in a short documentary made by Mark Windows. Walthamstow has a wide variety of housing stock, but the vast majority of residential property
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