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79-572: Warsaw Gallery Weekend Warsaw Gallery Weekend is modeled on similar initiatives actual event in other important artistic centers, such as the Berlin Gallery Weekend. During three days, the participated galleries present exhibitions under a common banner, organized meetings and other additional events. Warsaw Gallery Weekend cooperates with public institutions, including from Zachęta or Museum of Modern Art in Warsaw . The first edition

158-709: A meteor . As the influence of the Catholic Church in Poland still is very strong, the presentation of Cattelan's work led to a public scandal. The collection began with a picture of Józef Simmler 's Death of Barbara Radziwiłł . Objects have come mainly from donations and wills. At the end of the 19th century, the collection already comprised over one thousand items. The permanent collection of Zachęta National Gallery of Art today comprises 3600 objects of which about 700 are paintings, almost 80 are video works and around 100 are sculptures and installations. In addition,

237-517: A certain extent independent with regard to its exhibition programme. In 2010, the Kordegarda Gallery moved to Gałczynskiego street, just off the historic Ulica Nowy Świat ( New World Street ). While still directed by the Zachęta, the Kordegarda Gallery became more independent, devoting its attention to young artists, both Polish and foreign. The main idea is to present the artists within

316-511: A lack of concord" among people were the causes of Poland's national downfall. Thus, when the rising finally began, the insurgents demanded absolute power for their leaders and tolerated no criticism for fear that discord would again prove ruinous for all. However, the men chosen to lead, because of their past achievements, proved unable to perform the great task expected of them. Moreover, many apparently had little faith that their joint effort could succeed. Militarily, Poland might have succeeded if

395-467: A large public demonstration on 3 December in Warsaw, he denounced the negotiations between the government and Grand Duke Constantine, who was encamped outside the city. Mochnacki advocated a military campaign in Lithuania to spare the country from the devastation of war and to preserve the local food supply. The meeting adopted a number of demands to be communicated to the administrative council, including

474-629: A military garrison, and its university closed. After the Partitions of Poland by Austria, Germany, and Russia, Poland ceased to exist as an independent political entity at the end of 1795. However, the Napoleonic Wars and Polish participation in the wars against Russia and Austria resulted in the creation of the Duchy of Warsaw in 1807. The Congress of Vienna brought that state's existence to an end in 1815, and essentially solidified

553-713: A personal union with the Tsar as King of Poland, could elect its own parliament (the Sejm ) and government. The kingdom had its own courts, army and treasury. Over time, the freedoms granted to the Kingdom were gradually taken back, and the constitution was progressively ignored by the Russian authorities. Alexander I of Russia never formally crowned himself as King of Poland. Instead, in 1815, he appointed his brother, Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich as de facto viceroy and disregarded

632-806: A practical expression in the foundation in London of the Association of the Friends of Poland . The November Uprising was also supported in the United States. Edgar Allan Poe was sympathetic to the Polish cause and volunteered to fight the Russians during the November Uprising (Bobr-Tylingo 1982, 145). Despite Poland's deep connection to Catholicism and the fact that many participants in

711-573: A result, after 1825, sessions of the Polish Sejm were conducted in secret. Nicholas I of Russia formally crowned himself as King of Poland on 24 May 1829 in Warsaw. Despite numerous protests by various Polish politicians who actively supported the "personal union", Grand Duke Constantine had no intention of respecting the Polish constitution, one of the most progressive in Europe at that time. He abolished Polish social and patriotic organizations and

790-475: A work by the Polish sculptor, Pius Weloński, which remained from the Society's former collection. The extension of the building created a larger exhibition space, a storage facility for the artwork, an unloading platform and an office wing with a separate entrance. The largest exhibition hall was named after the Polish painter, Jan Matejko . Another room is named after Gabriel Narutowicz , the first president of

869-604: Is no permanent exhibition of the collection. The works either become integrated in temporary shows or are on loan for exhibitions in other Polish institutions or abroad. Decisions about changes to the collection are made by the Commission for Purchases, Donations and Deposits, formed in 1990. Since 2008, the Department of Collections and Inventories is responsible for taking care of Zachęta's collection. The Zachęta library includes: The Department for Documentation archives

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948-692: The Battle of Olszynka Grochowska . Both armies withdrew after almost two days of heavy fighting and with considerable losses on both sides. Over 7,000 Poles fell on that field, and the number of killed in the Russian army was slightly larger. Diebitsch was forced to retreat to Siedlce and Warsaw was saved. Chłopicki, whose soldierly qualities reasserted themselves by military activity, was wounded in action and his place taken by General Jan Skrzynecki , who, like his predecessor, had won distinction under Napoleon for personal courage. Disliked by Grand Duke Constantine, he had retired from service. He shared with Chłopicki

1027-698: The November Uprising , made higher artistic education virtually impossible. The last major exhibition took place in 1845. After protests by artists during the 1850s, the Wystawa Krajowa Sztuk Pięknych (National Exhibition of Fine Arts) was approved in 1858, and lead to negotiations with Russian rulers who in the end permitted the foundation of the Society for the Encouragement of Fine Arts in 1860. The Society's statutes were set by artists and art experts. The first official meeting and

1106-724: The Polish–Russian War 1830–31 or the Cadet Revolution , was an armed rebellion in the heartland of partitioned Poland against the Russian Empire . The uprising began on 29 November 1830 in Warsaw when young Polish officers from the military academy of the Army of Congress Poland revolted, led by Lieutenant Piotr Wysocki . Large segments of the peoples of Lithuania , Belarus , and Right-bank Ukraine soon joined

1185-531: The Second Polish Republic , who was assassinated at Zachęta on 16 December 1922 by Eligiusz Niewiadomski , a Polish painter and critic. To commemorate the president and Wojciech Gerson , one of the founders of the Society for the Encouragement of Fine Arts, two plaques were revealed during the gallery's anniversary celebrations in 2000. Since its official opening in 1900, the Zachęta building has housed several institutions: The Zachęta building

1264-657: The Central Bureau for Art Exhibitions became the most important institution in the area of cultural policy. The 1980s were characterized by radical political changes related to the declaration of martial law , leading to a boycott of all official galleries. In fact, the central bureau never really recovered from these drastic failures. The fall of the Berlin Wall and the fall of the Iron Curtain changed political circumstances fundamentally, and also affected

1343-484: The Ministry of Art and Culture decided to reconstruct the building. Surrounding houses had been destroyed during the war and thus, involuntarily, gave way to the extension of the building. The Warsaw architects, Oskar Hansen, Lech Tomaszewski and Stanisław Zamecznikow, were entrusted with the reconstruction, but the planned reconstruction was postponed. In 1982, the reconstruction plans were taken up again and executed by

1422-495: The Polish aspirations reverberated throughout Europe. Enthusiastic meetings had been held in Paris under Lafayette's chairmanship, and money for the Polish cause was collected in the United States. The governments of France and Britain, however, did not share the feelings of some of their people. King Louis-Philippe of France thought mainly of securing for himself recognition on the part of all European governments, and Lord Palmerston

1501-558: The Polish committees all over Germany were be closed. Adam Czartoryski remarked that the war with Russia, precipitated by the rising of young patriots in November 1830, came either too early or too late. Puzyrewski argued that the rising should have been initiated in 1828, when Russia was experiencing reversals in Turkey and was least able to spare substantial forces for war with Poland ( Lewinski-Corwin , 1917). Military critics, such as

1580-635: The Polish constitution. The rebels managed to enter the Belweder, but Grand Duke Constantine had escaped in women's clothing. The rebels then turned to the main city arsenal and captured it after a brief struggle. The following day, armed Polish civilians forced the Russian troops to withdraw north of Warsaw. That incident is sometimes called the Warsaw Uprising or the November Night . ( Polish : Noc listopadowa ). Taken by surprise with

1659-415: The Polish crown to him whom it may consider worthy, from whom it might with certainty expect faith to his oath and wholehearted respect to the sworn guarantees of civic freedom." On 29 January, the national government of Adam Jerzy Czartoryski was established, and Michał Gedeon Radziwiłł was chosen as successor to Chłopicki, who was persuaded to accept active command of the army. It was too late to move

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1738-403: The Polish forces. Mistakes on the part of the commanders, constant changes and numerous resignations, and the inactivity of the commanders, who continued to hope for foreign intervention, added to the feeling of despair. The more radical elements severely criticized the government not only for its inactivity but also for its lack of land reform and its failure to recognize the peasants' rights to

1817-513: The Polish frontiers and prevented the transportation of munitions of war or supplies of any kind. Under those circumstances, the war with Russia began to take on a somber and disquieting aspect. The Poles fought desperately and attempts were made to rouse Volhynia , Podolia , Samogitia and Lithuania . With the exception of the Lithuanian uprising in which the youthful Countess Emilia Plater and several other women distinguished themselves,

1896-555: The Polish national epic. A 1937 German film, Ride to Freedom was partly shot on location in Poland. The Scottish poet Thomas Campbell , who had championed the cause of the Poles in The Pleasures of Hope , was affected by the news of the capture of Warsaw by the Russians in 1831 as if it had been the deepest of personal calamities. "Poland preys on my heart night and day", he wrote in one of his letters, and his sympathy found

1975-562: The Polish society. In 1860 the Society had 234 official registered members. Only one year later the number had increased to 1464. Initially, all artworks were on display until they were sold. Soon enough that lead to crowded walls and a monotonous permanent exhibition. After fundamental changes made between 1900 and 1939, the permanent exhibition was shown only in addition to temporarily changing exhibitions. The Society hosted annual salons , funded scholarships and offered other aid to young artists, both members and candidates. First tenders for

2054-650: The Prussian government frustrated his plans. The immigrants left Prussia in bands of between fifty and a hundred, and their journey through the various German principalities was greeted with enthusiasm by the local populations. Even German sovereigns such as the King of Saxony , the Princess of Weimar and the Duke of Gotha shared in the general demonstration of sympathy. It was only upon the very insistent demands of Russia that

2133-640: The Raster gallery, Marta Kołakowska from the Leto gallery, Justyna Kowalska from BWA Warsaw and Jacek Sosnowski from the Propaganda gallery . Zach%C4%99ta The Zachęta National Gallery of Art ( Polish : Zachęta Narodowa Galeria Sztuki ) is a contemporary art museum in the center of Warsaw , Poland. The Gallery's chief purpose is to present and support Polish contemporary art and artists. With numerous temporary exhibitions of well-known foreign artists,

2212-480: The Russian division of Teodor Geismar. However, the victory had mostly psychological value and could not stop the Russian advance towards Warsaw. The subsequent Battles of Dobre, Wawer and Białołęka were inconclusive. The Polish forces then assembled on the right bank of the Vistula to defend the capital. On 25 February, a Polish contingent of approximately 40,000 met a Russian force of 60,000 east of Warsaw at

2291-559: The Russian forces from joining, and the Sejm responded to popular clamor for his deposition by appointing General Dembinski to temporary command. The atmosphere was highly charged. Severe rioting took place and the government became completely disorganized. Count Jan Krukowiecki was made President of the Ruling Council. He had little faith in the success of the military campaign but believed that when passions had subsided he could end

2370-425: The Russian pundit General Puzyrevsky, maintained that in spite of the inequality of resources of the two countries, Poland had had every chance of holding her own against Russia if the campaign had been managed skillfully. Russia sent over 180,000 well-trained men against Poland's 70,000, 30% of whom were fresh recruits entering the service at the opening of hostilities. "In view of this, one would think that not only

2449-516: The Shop for Preservation of Monuments. From 1991 to 1993, the reconstruction was supervised and executed by the company, Dom i Miasto (Home and City). The company was also responsible for the extension of the staircases inside the building, which allowed for direct access to the exhibition halls within the new part of the building. The resulting monumental perspective is emphasized by the Gladiator ,

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2528-476: The Zachęta and Kordegarda. The gallery also runs a separate Pedagogy Department which is responsible for the organisation of lectures, meetings and talks with artists and art historians, concerts, guided tours as well as educational programmes. The Kordegarda Gallery (literally: guardroom) was founded in 1956 as a branch of the Zachęta and situated on Krakowskie Przedmieście in Warsaw. It was an additional exhibition space, directed and organised by Zachęta, yet to

2607-412: The army because of the chicanery of Constantine. He overestimated the power of Russia and underestimated the strength and the fervor of the Polish revolutionary movement. By temperament and conviction, he was opposed to a war with Russia and did not believe in a successful outcome. He accepted the dictatorship essentially to maintain internal peace and to save the constitution. Believing that Tsar Nicholas

2686-676: The army. The armed struggle began when a group of conspirators led by a young cadet from the Warsaw officers' school, Piotr Wysocki , took arms from their garrison on 29 November 1830 and attacked the Belweder Palace , the main seat of the Grand Duke. The final spark that ignited Warsaw was a Russian plan to use the Polish Army to suppress France's July Revolution and the Belgian Revolution , in clear violation of

2765-463: The building is engraved with the Latin word Artibus . Construction work began in 1898. In December 1900, the front building was officially opened followed by the opening of the south wing in 1903. Both the opening and extension of the building were exceptionally well reviewed. Szyller's plans originally included the construction of two more wings which could not be implemented at that time. In 1958,

2844-597: The collection not only reflect the often complicated past of the institution, but also show the focus of the gallery. Today, it concentrates on works of contemporary Polish artists, including works that have been shown in the gallery as well as works which were produced in cooperation with the gallery. Some of these projects are exhibited in other locations, such as the Polish Pavilion at the Biennale in Venice. There

2923-486: The complete liberation of Poland. On 13 December, the Sejm pronounced the National Uprising against Russia, and on 7 January 1831, Prince Drucki-Lubecki returned from Russia with no concessions. The Tsar demanded the complete and unconditional surrender of Poland and announced that the "Poles should surrender to the grace of their Emperor". His plans foiled, Chłopicki resigned the following day. Power in Poland

3002-527: The composition of the organizational team. In 2014, the following galleries participated in the WGW: Asymetria, galeria Aleksander Bruno, BWA Warszawa, Czułość, Dawid Radziszewski, Archeologia photography Foundation, Arton Foundation, Foksal Gallery Foundation, Profile Foundation, Galeria Le Guern, Galeria m2, Kasia Michalski Gallery, Kohana, Leto, lokal_30, Lookout Gallery, Monopol, Piktogram, Pola Magnetyczne, Propaganda , Raster, Starter, Stereo, and

3081-551: The constitution. Soon after the Congress of Vienna resolutions had been signed, Russia ceased to respect them. In 1819, Alexander I abandoned liberty of the press in the Congress Kingdom and introduced censorship. The Russian secret police, commanded by Nikolay Nikolayevich Novosiltsev , started to infiltrate and persecute Polish clandestine organizations, and in 1821, the Tsar ordered the abolition of Freemasonry . As

3160-402: The context of urban structures and emphasize the cooperation of artist and gallery. In fact, the exhibition room is just as important as the art within, which is why every artist is asked to work individually with the exhibition room and design the artwork, especially for the given space. Currently, the Zachęta is updating both the concept and programme of the Kordegarda Gallery . In the past,

3239-400: The conviction that war with Russia was futile but with the opening of hostilities took command of a corps and fought creditably at Grochov. When the weak and indecisive Michał Radziwiłł surrendered the dictatorship, Skrzynecki was chosen to succeed him. He endeavored to end the war by negotiations with the Russian field commanders and hoped for benign foreign intervention. Sympathetic echoes of

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3318-498: The council that Constantine was ready to forgive the offenders and that the matter would be amicably settled, Maurycy Mochnacki and other radicals angrily objected and demanded a national uprising. Fearing an immediate break with Russia, the government agreed to let Constantine depart with his troops. Mochnacki did not trust the newly-constituted ministry and set out to replace it with the Patriotic Club, organized by him. At

3397-474: The design of a new building were put out in 1862. However, due to a lack of financial resources the plans were not realized. After the Society was given land by the municipality, another competition was announced in 1894, won by the Warsaw architect, Stefan Szyller. He presented an architectural design in neo-Renaissance style with classical elements. The portal is ornamented with allegorical figures and sculptural works by Zygmunt Otto. The architrave of

3476-444: The dismissal of the "civil servant of Jewish origin". He also proposed prosecution due to violation of religious sentiments. [REDACTED] Media related to Zachęta National Gallery of Art at Wikimedia Commons 52°14′20″N 21°00′40″E  /  52.239°N 21.011°E  / 52.239; 21.011 November Uprising [REDACTED] Congress Poland The November Uprising (1830–31), also known as

3555-429: The election of a board of directors took place on 13 December 1860. The board had twelve members, six artists and six art experts, and was elected annually. The members remained in office for at least one month but no longer than one year. The primary aim of the Society was the dissemination of fine arts as well as support and encouragement of artists. Furthermore, its intention was to create general awareness of art among

3634-495: The end of the war. Traces of a flammable substance were found, suggesting that German units planned to set the building on fire before their withdrawal. After the war, the Society for the Encouragement of Fine Arts was not reactivated. It was replaced by the Centralne Biuro Wystaw Artystycznych (Central Bureau for Art Exhibitions) which was founded in 1949 by the Ministry for Art and Culture at

3713-460: The establishment of a revolutionary government and an immediate attack upon the forces of Constantine. The Polish army, with all but two of its generals, Wincenty Krasiński and Zygmunt Kurnatowski , now joined the uprising. The remaining four ministers of the pre-revolutionary cabinet left the administrative council, and their places were taken by Mochnacki and three of his associates from the Patriotic Club, including Joachim Lelewel . The new body

3792-503: The gallery has also established itself internationally. The word " zachęta " means encouragement . The Zachęta Gallery takes its name from Towarzystwo Zachęty do Sztuk Pięknych ( Society for the Encouragement of the Fine Arts ), founded in Warsaw in 1860. Before 1860 there were neither public museums nor libraries nor other generally accessible institutions that allowed for exchange between artists. The repression that resulted from

3871-470: The gallery marked its 100th anniversary with the exhibition, Polonia - Polonia . The exhibition included over 100 objects from different times and representing different types of media. All of the artwork presented national subjects. In the same year, the gallery opened the exhibition Słońce i inne Gwiazdy ( The Sun and other Stars ) based on a survey taken in 1999. The survey was directed primarily to Polish art historians, critics and curators, and asked for

3950-423: The gallery owns an extensive collection of over 2600 works on paper such as graphic works, drawings and photographs. Polish artists from the 20th century, like Tadeusz Kantor , Henryk Stażewski and Alina Szapocznikow , are represented within the collection as well as Polish contemporary artists such as Mirosław Bałka , Katarzyna Kozyra , Zbigniew Libera , Wilhelm Sasnal and Krzysztof Wodiczko . The works of

4029-586: The government withdrew to the Modlin fortress , on the Vistula, subsequently renamed Novo-Georgievsk by the Russians, and then to Płock . New plans had been adopted when the news arrived that the Polish crack corps under Ramorino, unable to join the main army, had laid down its arms after crossing the Austrian frontier into Galicia. It became evident that the war could be carried on no longer. On 5 October 1831,

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4108-543: The guerilla warfare carried on in the frontier provinces was of minor importance and served only to give Russia an opportunity to crush local risings. Notorious was the slaughter of the inhabitants of the small town of Ashmiany in Belarus. Meanwhile, new Russian forces under Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich of Russia arrived in Poland but met with many defeats. Constant warfare, however, and bloody battles such as that at Ostroleka in which 8,000 Poles died, considerably depleted

4187-839: The guest gallery Svit from Prague, Czech Republic. WGW 2014 was nominated for the Gazety Wyborczej Award. The fifth edition of the Warsaw Gallery Weekend has been recognized as the largest of all and took place on 25, 26, 27 September 2015. In 2015, the following galleries participated in the event: Asymetria, BWA Warszawa, Czułość, Dawid Radziszewski, Fundacja Archeologia photography Foundation, Arton Foundation, Foksal Gallery Foundation, Profile Foundation, Galeria Le Guern, Galeria m2, Kasia Michalski Gallery, Kohana, Leto, lokal_30, Lookout Gallery, Monopol, Piktogram, Pola Magnetyczne, Propaganda, Raster, Starter, Stereo. The organizers were Michał Kaczyński from

4266-526: The influence of the catholic church in Poland was demonstrated by the censoring of various exhibitions due to blasphemy . In December 2000, the Polish right-wing politician Witold Tomczak damaged Maurizio Cattelan 's sculpture, La Nona Ora , and prompted the dismissal of director, Anda Rottenberg . In a letter addressed to the prime minister , Tomczak denounced Rottenberg, suggested that she should curate "rather in Israel than in Poland", and then demanded

4345-528: The liberal opposition of the Kaliszanie faction, and replaced Poles with Russians in important administrative positions. Although married to a Pole ( Joanna Grudzińska ), he was commonly considered an enemy of the Polish nation. Also, his command over the Polish Army led to serious conflicts within the officer corps. The frictions led to various conspiracies throughout the country, most notably within

4424-522: The line of battle had been established in Lithuania , wrote Lewinski-Corwin, and if the Russian forces, arriving in Poland progressively, had been dealt with separately and decisively, one unit after another. After the end of the November Uprising, Polish women wore black ribands and jewellery as a symbol of mourning for their lost homeland. Such images can be seen in the first scenes of the movie Pan Tadeusz , filmed by Andrzej Wajda in 1999, based on

4503-473: The lives and works of Polish artists since 1945. In addition to biographical notes, there is a list of exhibitions the respective artists took part in as well as newspaper clippings and exhibition catalogues. The archive is accessible and can only be used on-site. The gallery's bookshop is located on the ground floor of the building, offering catalogues, books and magazines of Polish and foreign artists as well as catalogues of exhibitions which took place at both

4582-604: The long-term division of Poland between Russia, Prussia and Austria. The Austrian Empire annexed territories in the south, Prussia took control over the semi-autonomous Grand Duchy of Poznań in the west and Russia assumed hegemony over the semi-autonomous so-called Congress Kingdom . Initially, the Russian-formed Congress Kingdom enjoyed a relatively large amount of internal autonomy and was only indirectly subject to imperial control. It had its own constitution . The province, united with Russia through

4661-471: The most important artists of the 20th century. The result was two lists: one presenting the most important Polish artists and the other presenting the most important foreign artists. Słońce i inne Gwiazdy exhibited ten of the elected Polish artists: Magdalena Abakanowicz , Tadeusz Kantor , Katarzyna Kobro , Roman Opałka , Henryk Stażewski , Władysław Strzemiński , Alina Szapocznikow , Witkacy , Witold Wojtkiewicz and Andrzej Wróblewski . Also in 2000,

4740-443: The pretext of religion, and revolting against the legitimate authority of the princes, they filled their fatherland, which they loosed from due obedience to authority, with mourning. We shed abundant tears at the feet of God, grieving over the harsh evil with which some of our flock was afflicted. Afterward We humbly prayed that God would enable your provinces, agitated by so many and so serious dissensions, to be restored to peace and to

4819-525: The rapidly unfolding of events during the night of 29 November 1830, the local Polish government ( administrative council ) assembled immediately to take control and to decide on a course of action. Unpopular ministers were removed and men like Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski , the historian Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz and General Józef Chłopicki took their places. Loyalists led by Prince Czartoryski initially tried to negotiate with Grand Duke Constantine and to settle matters peacefully. However, when Czartoryski told

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4898-469: The rebellion were Catholic, the rebellion was condemned by the Church. Pope Gregory XVI issued an encyclical letter in the following year on the subject of civil disobedience. Cum Primum stated: When the first report of the calamities, which so seriously devastated your flourishing kingdom reached our ears, We learned simultaneously that they had been caused by some fabricators of deceit and lies. Under

4977-513: The remainder of the Polish army of over 20,000 men crossed the Prussian frontier and laid down their arms at Brodnica in preference to submission to Russia. Only one man, a colonel by the name of Stryjenski, gained the peculiar distinction of giving himself up to Russia. Following the example of Dąbrowski a generation before, General Bem endeavored to reorganize the Polish soldiers in Prussia and Galicia into Legions and lead them to France, but

5056-559: The request of the Association for Fine Arts, Poland. In 1951, the bureau began to host exhibitions. The first director (1949–1954) was Armand Vetulani . The central bureau was responsible for the organisation of art exhibitions, and all other artistic activity, throughout the entire country. Branch offices were opened in Kraków , Katowice , Poznań , Łódź , Zakopane , Gdańsk , Szczecin , Wrocław , Olsztyn and Opole . Eventually,

5135-748: The second edition: Asymetria, Bohenska Gallery, BWA Warszawa, Czarna, Czułość, Archeologia photography Foundation, Foksal Gallery Foundation, Profile Foundation, Galeria m2, Kolonie, Le Guern, Leto, lokal_30, Pikotgram/BLA, Propaganda , Raster, Starter. Warsaw Gallery Weekend 2013 took place on 27, 28 and 29 September. [1] In the second edition, the following galleries took part: Aleksander Bruno, Asymetria, Bohenska Gallery, BWA Warszawa, Czułość, Dawid Radziszewski, Archeologia photography Foundation, Foksal Gallery foundation, Profile Foundation, Galeria m2, Le Guern, Leto, lokal_30, Pikotgram/BLA, Propaganda , Raster, Starter, Stereo. The fourth edition of Warsaw Gallery Weekend brought organizational changes, mainly in

5214-445: The soil they tilled, but the Sejm, fearing that the governments of Europe might regard the war with Russia as social revolution, procrastinated and haggled over concessions. The initial enthusiasm of the peasantry waned, and the ineptitude of the government became more apparent. In the meantime, the Russian forces, commanded after the death of Diebitsch by General Paskevich, were moving to encircle Warsaw . Skrzynecki failed to prevent

5293-478: The structure of the central bureau. Barbara Majewska, the director of the bureau, moved the bureau away from its former old and centralistic structures, andon May 30, 1994, the Central Bureau for Art Exhibitions was closed and turned into the Zachęta State Gallery. In 2003, the Polish minister of culture , Waldemar Dąbrowski, renamed the gallery Narodowa Galeria Sztuki (National Gallery of Art). In 2000,

5372-575: The ten most important foreign artists were presented in another exhibit and consisted of Pablo Picasso , Francis Bacon , Joseph Beuys , Marcel Duchamp , Wassily Kandinsky , Andy Warhol , Kazimir Malevich , Salvador Dalí , Piet Mondrian and Constantin Brâncuși . In 2000, the Swiss art historian, Harald Szeemann , curated an exhibition featuring Maurizio Cattelans , La Nona Ora ( The ninth Hour ). The artwork shows Pope John Paul II hit and buried by

5451-472: The theatre of hostilities to Lithuania. On 4 February 1831, a 115,000-strong Russian army under Field Marshal Hans Karl von Diebitsch crossed the Polish borders. The force included the Finnish Guards' Rifle Battalion . The first major battle took place on 14 February 1831, close to the village of Stoczek near Łuków . In the Battle of Stoczek , Polish cavalry under Brigadier Józef Dwernicki defeated

5530-529: The uprising. Although the insurgents achieved local successes, a numerically superior Imperial Russian Army under Ivan Paskevich eventually crushed the uprising. The Russian Emperor Nicholas I issued the Organic Statute in 1832, according to which, henceforth Russian-occupied Poland would lose its autonomy and become an integral part of the Russian Empire. Warsaw became little more than

5609-471: The war on what seemed to him advantageous terms. Despite a desperate defence by General Józef Sowiński , Warsaw's suburb of Wola fell to Paskevich's forces on 6 September. The next day saw the second line of the capital's defensive works attacked by the Russians. During the night of 7 September Krukowiecki capitulated, although the city still held out. He was immediately deposed by the Polish government and replaced by Bonawentura Niemojowski . The army and

5688-714: Was held in 2011 under the name "Where is art". From 2012, the event has been named Warsaw Gallery Weekend and it takes place on the last weekend of September including Friday. The first edition of the Warsaw Gallery Weekend took place on 22–23 September 2011 under the banner of "Where is art". The following galleries participated in the first edition:: appendix2, Asymetria, BWA Warszawa, Czarna, Archeologia photography Foundation, Foksal Gallery Foundation, Profile Foundation, Heppen Transfer, Bocheńska Gallery, Kolonie, Le Guern, Leto, lokal_30, Galeria m2, Piktogram/BLA, Raster, Starter. Warsaw Gallery Weekend 2012 took place on 28, 29 and 30 September. The following galleries participated in

5767-506: Was intent on maintaining friendly relations with Russia. Britain regarded with alarm the reawakening of the French national spirit and did not wish to weaken Russia, "as Europe might soon again require her services in the cause of order, and to prevent Poland, whom it regarded as a national ally of France, from becoming a French province of the Vistula". Austria and Prussia adopted a position of benevolent neutrality towards Russia. They closed

5846-450: Was known as the "provisional government". To legalize its actions the provisional government ordered the convocation of the Sejm and on 5 December 1830 proclaimed General Chłopicki as "dictator of the uprising". Chłopicki considered the uprising an act of madness but bowed to pressure and consented to take command temporarily in the hope that it would be unnecessary to take the field. An able and highly-decorated soldier, he had retired from

5925-524: Was mainly used for propaganda purposes. The Society for the Encouragement of Fine Arts was dissolved. The artwork, as well as other documents belonging to the Society, were largely brought to the Muzeum Narodowe , or confiscated and sent to Germany. The transport took place on open trucks without any proper documentation. During the Warsaw Uprising the Zachęta building was heavily damaged by artillery and bombs and thus needed to be fully renovated at

6004-601: Was now in the hands of the radicals united in the Towarzystwo Patriotyczne ('Patriotic Society'), directed by Joachim Lelewel . On 25 January 1831, the Sejm passed the Act of Dethronization of Nicholas I , which ended the Polish-Russian personal union and was equivalent to a declaration of war on Russia. The proclamation declared that "the Polish nation is an independent people and has a right to offer

6083-581: Was registered as a historical monument in 1965. During the Invasion of Poland at the beginning of the Second World War almost all of the buildings surrounding the museum were destroyed while the Zachęta building remained comparatively undamaged. Following the Polish capitulation, German units occupied the building and converted it into the Haus der Deutschen Kultur (House of German Culture) which

6162-421: Was the result of the struggle undoubted, but its course should have been a triumphant march for the infinitely stronger party. Instead, the war lasted eight months, with often doubtful success. At times the balance seemed to tip decidedly to the side of the weaker adversary who dealt not only blows but even ventured daring offensives." It had long been argued, as Edward Lewinski-Corwin in 1917, that "anarchy and

6241-434: Was unaware of his brother's actions and that the uprising could be ended if the Russian authorities accepted the constitution, Chłopicki's first move was to send Prince Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki to Saint Petersburg to negotiate. Chłopicki refrained from strengthening the Polish army and refused to initiate armed hostilities by expelling Russian forces from Lithuania. However, the radicals in Warsaw pressed for war and

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