Trident (also known as MSHTML ) is a proprietary browser engine for the Microsoft Windows version of Internet Explorer , developed by Microsoft .
64-485: MSHTML debuted with the release of Internet Explorer 4 in 1997. For versions 7 and 8 of Internet Explorer, Microsoft made significant changes to MSHTML's layout capabilities to improve compliance with Web standards and add support for new technologies. MSHTML will continue to receive security updates for the IE mode of Microsoft Edge until at least 2029. However, support for new Web standards will not be added. MSHTML
128-452: A "Reading Mode" that strips unnecessary formatting from pages to improve their legibility. Edge also has a new feature called vertical tabs which allow users to move tabs on the left side of the screen. Preliminary support for browser extensions was added in March 2016, with build 14291, three extensions were initially supported. Microsoft indicated that the delay in allowing extensions and
192-560: A 14% share, slightly behind Safari's 16% share. As of September 2022 , Edge is used by 11% of PCs worldwide. Microsoft Edge is the default web browser, replacing Internet Explorer 11 and Internet Explorer Mobile . As its development and release is dependent on the model of Windows as a service , it is not included in Windows Enterprise Long-Term Servicing Channel (LTSC) builds. Microsoft initially announced that Edge would support
256-717: A Microsoft browser was available on the Mac platform. The last time a Microsoft browser was available on the Mac platform was Internet Explorer for Mac , which was withdrawn in January 2006. On June 18, 2019, IAmA post on Reddit , an Edge developer stated that it was theoretically possible for a Linux version to be developed in the future, but no work had actually started on that possibility. On June 19, 2019, Microsoft made Edge available on old Windows versions for testing. On August 20, 2019, Microsoft made its first beta build of Edge available for Windows and macOS. August 2019 also saw
320-637: A beta version of Edge for Linux would be available in preview form in October 2020. This comes after the company announced in November 2019 that a Linux version would be developed and confirmed in May 2020 that the Linux version was in development. The first preview build for Linux was released on October 20, 2020. Full support for the new Edge on older Windows versions was scheduled to end on January 15, 2022, but
384-454: A completely new browser called Microsoft Edge (later referred to as "Microsoft Edge Legacy ", with a flat blue "e" icon) which replaced Internet Explorer as Windows' stock browser and became the base of Microsoft's web related services, until its replacement with a Blink / Chromium -based browser, also called Microsoft Edge (with a brand new wave-like icon) in late 2020. Internet Explorer 4 Microsoft Internet Explorer 4 ( IE4 )
448-416: A cumulative monthly security update which replaced Edge Legacy with the new Chromium-based Edge. EdgeHTML is the proprietary browser engine originally developed for Edge. It is a fork of MSHTML (Trident) with all legacy code of older versions of Internet Explorer removed, with the majority of its source code rewritten to support web standards and interoperability with other modern browsers. EdgeHTML
512-445: A different engine. In 2014, MSHTML was forked to create the engine EdgeHTML for Microsoft Edge on Windows 10 . The new engine is "designed for interoperability with the modern web" and deprecates or removes a number of legacy components and behaviors, including document modes, ensuring that pure, standards-compliant HTML will render properly in browsers without the need for special considerations by web developers. This resulted in
576-603: A few weeks after release, showed that user uptake of Edge was low, with only 2% of overall computer users using the new browser. Among Windows 10 users, usage peaked at 20% and then dropped to 14% through August 2015. In October 2015, a security researcher published a report outlining a bug in Edge's "InPrivate" mode, causing data related to visited sites to still be cached in the user's profile directory, theoretically making it possible for others to determine sites visited. The bug gained mainstream attention in early February 2016, and
640-415: A new faster Java virtual machine and Security Zones that allow users or administrators to limit access to certain types of web content depending on which zone (for example Intranet or Internet) the content is coming from. At the same event, Apple announced the release of Mac OS 8 .1, which would be bundled with IE4. At the following year's San Francisco Macworld Expo on January 9, 1999, Microsoft announced
704-674: A parental rating system, and the ability to 'subscribe' to a website in favorites, where it would notify the user of an update. Stephen Reid of PC Pro noted in his review: But it was the Web-style view that surprised me so much on first using IE 4. This changes the way you look at Windows, with files and folders now acting like hyperlinks on a Web page; you move your cursor over them to select them, then single click to launch. Individual folders are viewed as Web pages, including My Computer and Control Panel, and any folder you wish can be customised with your choice of background. Active Desktop
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#1732790074068768-489: Is a website type which allows synchronizing website content and viewing it offline. It makes use of the Channel Definition Format , which is a way of defining a website's content and structure. Each country had different channels, so picking a country during the installation of IE 4 was important. Channels could be displayed in a Channel Bar and made heavy use of Dynamic HTML . Windows Desktop Update
832-400: Is a feature of Internet Explorer 's optional Windows Desktop Update that allows the user to add HTML content to the desktop , along with some other features. Active Desktop placed a number of "channels" on the user's computer desktop that provided continually-updated information, such as news headlines and stock quotes, without requiring the user to open a web browser . Active Channel
896-472: Is accessible from the browser's offline error page and can also be accessed by entering edge://surf into the address bar. The game features three game modes (classic, time trial, and slalom), has character customization, and supports keyboard, mouse, touch, and gamepad controls. Its gameplay has been compared to the 1991 Microsoft video game SkiFree . In 2021, Surf was updated with limited-time seasonal theming resembling SkiFree . Instead of surfing,
960-445: Is fully supported as well as some CSS 3.0 attributes. This lack of standards compliance has been known to cause rendering bugs and lack of support for modern web technologies, which often increases development time for web pages. Still, HTML rendering differences between standards-compliant browsers are not yet completely resolved. Apart from MSHTML, Microsoft also has and uses several other layout engines. One of them, known as Tasman ,
1024-594: Is no longer available for download from Microsoft. However, archived versions of the software can be found on various websites. The Internet Explorer 4.0 Platform Preview was released in April 1997, and Platform Preview 2.0 in July that year. Internet Explorer 4 was released to the public on September 22, 1997, and deepened the level of integration between the web browser and the underlying operating system. Installing version 4 and choosing " Windows Desktop Update " would result in
1088-657: Is the fourth, and discontinued, version of the Internet Explorer graphical web browser that Microsoft unveiled in Spring of 1997, and released on September 22, 1997, primarily for Microsoft Windows , but also with versions available for the classic Mac OS , Solaris , and HP-UX and marketed as "The Web the Way You Want It". It was one of the main participants of the first browser war . Its distribution methods and Windows integration were involved in
1152-631: Is written in C++ . The rendering engine was first released as an experimental option in Internet Explorer 11 as part of the Windows 10 Preview 9926 build. EdgeHTML is meant to be fully compatible with the WebKit layout engine used by Safari and other browsers. Microsoft stated their original acceptance criteria: "Any Edge–WebKit differences are bugs that we're interested in fixing." A review of
1216-527: The United States v. Microsoft Corp. case. It was superseded by Microsoft Internet Explorer 5 in March 1999. In addition the Internet Explorer layout engine MSHTML (Trident) was introduced. It attained just over 60% market share by March 1999 when IE5 was released. In August 2001 when Internet Explorer 6 was released, IE4.x had dropped to 7% market share and IE5 had increased to 80%. IE4 market share dropped under 1% by 2004. Internet Explorer 4
1280-464: The Chromium source code, using the same browser engine as Google Chrome but with enhancements developed by Microsoft. It was also announced that there will be versions of Edge available for older Windows versions, including Windows 7 and Windows 8 . x , and macOS , plus that all versions will be updated on a more frequent basis. According to Microsoft executive Joe Belfiore , the decision for
1344-580: The HTML5test . Chrome 44 and Firefox 42 scored 479 and 434 respectively, while Internet Explorer 11 scored 312. In August 2015, Microsoft released Windows 10 Build 10532 to insiders, which included Edge 21.10532.0. This beta version scored 445 out of 555 points on the HTML5test. In July 2016, with the release of Windows 10 Build 14390 to insiders, the HTML5 test score of the browser's development version
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#17327900740681408-589: The New Xbox Experience Update . On November 18, 2015, the update was to Mobile. Finally, on November 19, 2015, the update was also made available as part of the Windows Server 2016 Technical Preview 4. In November 2017, Microsoft released ports of Edge for Android and iOS . The apps feature integration and synchronization with the desktop version on Windows PCs. Due to platform restrictions and other factors, these ports do not use
1472-529: The Canary, Dev, and Beta channels the "Microsoft Edge insider channels". As a result, Edge updates were decoupled from new versions of Windows. Major versions of Edge Stable are now scheduled for release every 4 weeks, closely following Chromium version releases. In May 2020, an update to Microsoft Edge added Surf , a browser game where players control a surfer attempting to evade obstacles and collect powerups. Similar to Google Chrome's Dinosaur Game , Surf
1536-661: The Hub, a sidebar providing functionality similar to Internet Explorer's Downloads manager and Favorites Center. Edge features a built-in PDF reader, and supports WebAssembly . Until January 2021, Edge also featured an integrated Adobe Flash Player (with an internal whitelist allowing Flash applets on Facebook websites to load automatically, bypassing all other security controls requiring user activation). Edge does not support legacy technologies such as ActiveX and Browser Helper Objects , instead it uses an extension system based on
1600-782: The Windows file manager/shell, Windows Explorer . The Add/Remove Programs tool in Windows 2000 uses MSHTML to render the list of installed programs, and in Windows XP it is also used for the User Accounts Control Panel, which is an HTML Application . MSHTML, however, was not used by Internet Explorer for Mac (which used Tasman starting with version 5.0), nor by the early versions of Internet Explorer Mobile . Some other MSHTML-based applications include: Current versions of MSHTML, as of Internet Explorer 9 , have introduced support for CSS 3, HTML5, and SVG, as well as other modern web standards. Web standards compliance
1664-412: The best battery performance. Edge sends the images that the users view online to Microsoft servers by default, although Microsoft has stated that it encrypts images before transfer. In an August 2015 review of Windows 10 by Dan Grabham of TechRadar , Microsoft Edge was praised for its performance, despite not being in a feature-complete state at launch. Andrew Cunningham of Ars Technica praised
1728-599: The browser for being "tremendously promising" and "a much better browser than Internet Explorer ever was" but criticized it for its lack of functionality on launch. Thom Holwerda of OSNews criticized Edge in August 2015 for its hidden URL bar, lack of user friendliness, poor design and a tab system that is "so utterly broken it should never have shipped in a final release". He described the browser's implemented features as "some sort of cosmic joke", saying that "infuriating doesn't even begin to describe it". Data from August 2015,
1792-430: The browser. These pre-release builds were known as "Edge Preview". Every major release of Windows included an updated version of Edge and its render engine. On April 8, 2019, Microsoft announced the introduction of four preview channels: Canary , Dev , Beta , and Stable and launched the Canary and Dev channels that same day with the first preview builds, for those channels, of the new Edge. Microsoft collectively calls
1856-405: The change came after CEO Satya Nadella told the team in 2017 that the product needed to be better and pushed for replacing its in-house rendering engine with an open source one. On April 8, 2019, the first builds of the new Edge for Windows were released to the public. On May 20, 2019, the first preview builds of Edge for macOS were released to the public, marking the first time in 13 years that
1920-430: The cross-browser WebExtension API. Internet Explorer 11 remained available alongside Edge for compatibility until 2023, when it was removed. It did not use the Edge engine as was previously announced. In Windows 11 , Edge became the only browser available from Microsoft. However, it includes an "Internet Explorer mode", aimed at fixing compatibility issues; it provides the legacy MSHTML browser engine and supports
1984-413: The desktop and mobile versions of Windows. Microsoft officially unveiled "Spartan" during a Windows-focused keynote on January 21, 2015. It was described as a separate product from Internet Explorer, its final name was not announced. "Spartan" was first made publicly available as the default browser of Windows 10 Technical Preview build 10049, released on March 30, 2015. The new engine used by "Spartan"
Trident (software) - Misplaced Pages Continue
2048-529: The engine in the beta Windows 10 build by AnandTech found substantial benchmark improvements over MSHTML (Trident), particularly its new Chakra JavaScript engine performance, which had come up to par with that of Google Chrome. Other benchmarks focusing on the performance of the WebGL API found EdgeHTML to perform much better than Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox . Codenamed " Anaheim ", on December 6, 2018, Microsoft announced its intent to base Edge on
2112-531: The first beta release of Edge in Windows 10 Build 10049—had drastically better JavaScript performance due to the new Chakra than MSHTML (Trident) 7 using the older Chakra in Internet Explorer 11 , with similar performance to Google Chrome 41 and Mozilla Firefox 37. In the SunSpider benchmark, Edge performed faster than other browsers, while in other benchmarks it operated slower than Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox and Opera . Later benchmarks conducted with
2176-484: The legacy MSHTML browser engine and supports the legacy ActiveX and BHO technologies. In February 2023, according to StatCounter , Microsoft Edge became the third most popular browser in the world, behind Apple Safari and Chrome, while as of December 2023 Edge is second most popular PC/desktop web browser with Safari sliding to 3rd place. In the United States, Edge is the third most popular, where it has
2240-421: The legacy ActiveX and BHO technologies. Edge integrates with Microsoft's online platforms to provide voice control, search functionality, and dynamic information related to searches within the address bar. Users can make annotations to web pages that can be stored to and shared with OneDrive , and can save HTML and MHTML pages to their computers. It also integrates with the "Reading List" function and provides
2304-520: The legacy MSHTML (Trident) browser engine for backward compatibility , but later said that, due to "strong feedback", Edge would use a new engine, while Internet Explorer would continue to provide the legacy engine. The developer toolset of the EdgeHTML-based versions featured an option to emulate the rendering behaviour ("document mode") of Internet Explorer versions 5 to 11. Favorites, reading list, browsing history and downloads are viewed at
2368-551: The original browser (now referred to as Microsoft Edge Legacy ). Edge is also available on older Windows versions until early 2023, as well as Linux . Although it was created as the successor to Internet Explorer (IE), Internet Explorer 11 remained available alongside Edge for compatibility until 2023, when it was removed. In Windows 11 , Edge is the only browser available from Microsoft (for compatibility with Google Chrome ). However, it includes an "Internet Explorer mode," aimed at fixing compatibility issues; it provides
2432-565: The player skis down a mountain while being chased by a yeti . In December 2014, writing for ZDNet , technology writer Mary Jo Foley reported that Microsoft was developing a new web browser codenamed " Spartan ". She said that "Spartan" would be treated as a new product separate from Internet Explorer, with Internet Explorer 11 retained alongside it for compatibility. In early January 2015, The Verge obtained further details surrounding "Spartan" from sources close to Microsoft, including reports that it would replace Internet Explorer on both
2496-437: The preview program for the next version of Microsoft Edge. They released version 20.10512 to Mobile users. 6 days later followed by version 20.10525 for desktop users. The preview received multiple updates. On November 5, 2015, Microsoft released version 25.10586 as the final release for Edge's second public release for desktop users. On November 12, 2015, the update was rolled out to both desktop users and Xbox One users as part of
2560-436: The release of Internet Explorer 4.5 Macintosh Edition . This new version dropped 68K processor support, introduced Form AutoFill, Print Preview, and Page Holder pane, which allowed user to hold a page of links on one side of the screen that opens pages in the right hand and support for Mac OS technology like Sherlock . On November 5, 1997, a beta of IE for Unix 4.0 was released for testing on Solaris. On January 27, 1998, it
2624-538: The removal of Microsoft Edge Legacy's support for the EPUB file format. At Microsoft Ignite, Microsoft released an updated version of the Edge logo. The new Edge was released on January 15, 2020, and was gradually rolled out to all Windows 10 users. The new Edge was also rolled out to Windows users via Windows Update . Windows Vista and earlier were not supported at the time Edge started supporting older Windows versions. On September 22, 2020, Microsoft announced that
Trident (software) - Misplaced Pages Continue
2688-493: The same layout engine as the desktop version and instead use OS-native WebKit -based engines. In April 2018, Edge added tab audio muting. In June 2018, support for the Web Authentication specifications were added to Windows Insider builds, with support for Windows Hello and external security tokens. Microsoft stopped supporting Microsoft Edge Legacy on March 9, 2021. On April 13, 2021, Microsoft released
2752-502: The same time. A new feature "Workspaces" was introduced, which basically lets the user create different spaces for various things. These workspaces are also collaborative, users can invite friends or colleagues and seamlessly have completely separate workspace for collaboration. Microsoft Edge Legacy's release cadence was tied to the Windows release cycle and used the Windows Insider Program to preview new versions of
2816-516: The small number was due to security concerns. As of December 2022, there are more than 9,000 extensions—called add-ons —available for Edge. On February 7, 2023, Microsoft announced a major overhaul to Edge, revamping the user interface with Fluent Design , along with adding a Bing Chat (later known as Microsoft Copilot ) button, which replaces the Discover button. Microsoft also added compatibility for split screen i.e. 2 tabs can be viewed at
2880-404: The traditional Windows Explorer being replaced by a version more akin to a web browser interface, as well as the Windows desktop itself being web-enabled via Active Desktop . The integration with Windows, however, was subject to numerous packaging criticisms (see United States v. Microsoft Corp. ). This option was no longer available with the installers for later versions of Internet Explorer but
2944-524: The version included in 10122 showed significant performance improvement compared to both IE11 and Edge back in 10049. According to Microsoft's benchmark result, this iteration of Edge performed better than both Chrome and Firefox in Google's Octane 2.0 and Apple's Jetstream benchmark. Edge originally lacked support for open media standards such as WebM and Opus , but these were later added in Edge 14.14291. In July 2015, Edge scored 377 out of 555 points on
3008-512: The web browser and retrieve element values. Events from the WebBrowser control can also be captured. MSHTML functionality becomes available by connecting the file mshtml.dll to the software project. A Browser Helper Object ( BHO ) is a DLL module designed as a plugin for Internet Explorer 4.0, and provides added functionality. Most BHOs are loaded once by each new instance of Internet Explorer. IE4 supported 68k Macs, although this
3072-403: The web browser control can also be captured. MSHTML functionality becomes available by linking the file mshtml.dll to the software project. All versions of Internet Explorer for Windows from 4.0 onwards use MSHTML, and it is also used by various other web browsers and software components (see Internet Explorer shells ). In Windows 98 , Windows Me , and Windows 2000 , it is also used for
3136-413: Was ported to Android and iOS as a fork of Google 's Chromium open-source project . In late 2018, Microsoft announced it would completely rebuild Edge as a Chromium -based browser with Blink and V8 engines, which allowed the browser to be ported to macOS . The new Edge was publicly released in January 2020, and on Xbox platforms in 2021. Microsoft has since terminated security support for
3200-569: Was 4.0 Service Pack 2. Uninstalling IE4 became the subject of concern to some users and was a point of contention in later lawsuits (see Removal of Internet Explorer and United States v. Microsoft Corp. .) On January 6, 1998, at the Macworld Expo in San Francisco , Microsoft announced the release of the final version of Internet Explorer version 4.0 for Macintosh . Version 4 includes support for offline browsing , Dynamic HTML ,
3264-628: Was 460 out of 555 points. Chrome 51 scored 497, Firefox 47 scored 456, and Safari 9.1 scored 370. In June 2017, Edge 17 had scored 492/555 on HTML5test . In June 2016, Microsoft published benchmark results to prove the superior power efficiency of Edge in comparison to all other major web browsers. Opera questioned the accuracy and provided their own test results where Opera came out on top. Independent testing by PC World confirmed Microsoft's results. However, tests conducted by Linus Sebastian in June 2017 instead showed that, at that time, Chrome had
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#17327900740683328-415: Was an optional feature included with Internet Explorer 4, which provided several updated shell features for older versions of Microsoft Windows . The Windows Desktop Update also added the ability to create desk-bands like the quicklaunch bar. It also updated the Windows file manager, explorer.exe (also a shell), to be more modular and extensible. MSHTML (Trident) was a layout engine introduced with IE4. It
3392-563: Was available for Solaris 2.5.1 on SPARC and Intel, SunOS 4.1.4, Irix 5.3, Irix 6.2, HP UX 10.2, and IBM AIX 4.1.5. On March 4, 1998, IE 4.0 for Unix on Solaris was released. Later that year, a version for HP-UX was released. IE4 came with Active Desktop , Windows Desktop Update , Channels , Frontpage Express , Netmeeting , NetShow , Web Publishing Wizard, Microsoft Chat 2.0 and Progressive Networks RealPlayer . Outlook Express 4 replaced Internet Mail and News . Other new features including Dynamic HTML , inline PNG , Favicons ,
3456-531: Was available in Windows builds as part of Internet Explorer 11, Microsoft later announced that Internet Explorer would be deprecated on Windows and would not use the "Spartan" engine. On April 29, 2015, during the Build Conference keynote, it was announced that "Spartan" would officially be known as Microsoft Edge. The browser's logo and branding were designed to maintain continuity with the branding of Internet Explorer. The Project "Spartan" branding
3520-486: Was available or included for these versions: If it is not possible to upgrade to 128-bit, then 40-bit (SGC) is standard. Mac OS: Microsoft Edge Microsoft Edge (or simply nicknamed Edge ) is a proprietary cross-platform web browser created by Microsoft . Released in 2015 along with both Windows 10 and Xbox One , it was initially built with Microsoft's own proprietary browser engine , EdgeHTML , and their Chakra JavaScript engine . Later on, it
3584-453: Was designed as a software component to allow software developers to easily add web browsing functionality to their own applications. It presents a COM interface for accessing and editing web pages in any COM-supported environment, like C++ and .NET . For instance, a web browser control can be added to a C++ program and MSHTML can then be used to access the page currently displayed in the web browser and retrieve element values. Events from
3648-457: Was designed as a software component to allow software developers to easily add web browsing functionality to their own applications. It presents a COM interface for accessing and editing web pages in any COM-supported environment, like C++ and .NET . For instance, the WebBrowser control can be added to a C++ program and MSHTML can then be used to access the page currently displayed in
3712-611: Was dropped in Internet Explorer 4.5. For Windows, 16MB of RAM, 11MB of disk space (minimum for install). The 16-bit version required a 486, 12 MB of RAM (or 16 MB for Java support), and 25 MB of disk space. System Requirements for initial release of 4.0 for Mac: IE 4.5 did not support 68k Macs. Internet Explorer 4 was the first version of the browser to support TLS 1.0. Internet Explorer 4 supported 40-bit and later 128-bit encryption through an add-on, using Server Gated Cryptography (SGC). A 256-bit encryption would not become available in IE for nearly 10 years. 128-bit encryption
3776-622: Was gradually improved with the evolution of MSHTML. Although each version of IE has improved standards support, including the introduction of a "standards-compliant mode" in version 6 , the core standards that are used to build web pages (HTML and CSS) were sometimes implemented in an incomplete fashion. For example, there was no support for the <abbr> element which is part of the HTML 4.01 standard prior to IE 8. There were also some CSS attributes missing from MSHTML, like min-height, etc. as of Internet Explorer 6. As of Internet Explorer 8 CSS 2.1
3840-523: Was later extended to January 15, 2023. On April 29, 2022, Microsoft announced integrated VPN support for Microsoft Edge, coming in line with this privacy feature with Chrome and Firefox. There will be a free version of the integrated Edge VPN available but is limited to 1 GB of data transfer. Initial release of the Chromium-based version Early benchmarks of the EdgeHTML engine—included in
3904-483: Was not removed from the system if already installed. Internet Explorer 4 introduced support for Group Policy , allowing companies to configure and lock down many aspects of the browser's configuration. Internet Mail and News was replaced with Outlook Express , and Microsoft Chat and an improved NetMeeting were also included. Version 4.5 (only for Mac) dropped support for 68k Macs, but offered new features such as easier 128-bit encryption. The last non-Mac version
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#17327900740683968-573: Was reported that IE 4.0 for Solaris was due in March; Tod Nielsen, general manager of Microsoft's developer relations group, joked that "he wanted to launch Internet Explorer 4.0 for Unix at the Ripley's Believe It or Not! museum in San Francisco " because of skepticism from those who suspected IE for Unix was vaporware . It was further reported that versions for " HP-UX , IBM AIX , and Irix " were planned. The software used to enable this, MainWin XDE,
4032-491: Was used in Internet Explorer 5 for Mac. Development of Internet Explorer for Mac was halted in roughly 2003, but development of Tasman continued to a limited extent, and was later included in Office 2004 for Mac . Office for Mac 2011 uses the open source WebKit engine. Microsoft's now defunct web design product, Expression Web , as well as Visual Studio 2008 and later, do not use Internet Explorer's MSHTML engine, but rather
4096-451: Was used in versions released after Build 2015. On June 25, 2015, Microsoft released version 19.10149 for Windows 10 Mobile which included the new brand. On June 28, 2015, version 20.10158 followed for the desktop versions, also including the updated branding. On July 15, 2015, Microsoft released version 20.10240 as the final release to Insiders. The same version was rolled out to consumers on July 29, 2015. On August 12, 2015, Microsoft started
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