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88-438: The small village called Holliday's Cove—which is now most of downtown Weirton—was founded in the late 18th century. In 1909, Ernest T. Weir built a steel mill later known as Weirton Steel Corporation just north of Hollidays Cove. The original Weir High School opened its doors in what is now known as downtown Weirton, WV, in 1916. At this time, however, the school was known as Central High School, for its students were from each of

176-399: A bachelor's degree , 33.3% have a bachelor's degree + 15 (meaning, they have attained an additional 15 hours of coursework over the bachelor's degree level), 3.9% have a master's degree , 3.9% a master's + 15, 9.8 a master's + 30 (30 additional class hours over a master's degree), and 39.2% of teachers have a masters + 45 (45 additional hours of coursework, but not at a doctorate level). There

264-478: A federal structure with two overlapping power centers so that each citizen as an individual is subject to the powers of state government and national government. To protect against abuse of power, each branch of government – executive, legislative, and judicial – had a separate sphere of authority and could check other branches according to the principle of the separation of powers . Furthermore, there were checks and balances within

352-490: A "remarkably resilient institution". Congress is the "heart and soul of our democracy", according to this view, even though legislators rarely achieve the prestige or name recognition of presidents or Supreme Court justices ; one wrote that "legislators remain ghosts in America's historical imagination." One analyst argues that it is not a solely reactive institution but has played an active role in shaping government policy and

440-513: A 3.3 GPA and perform 45 hours of community service by graduation. Hi-Y and Tri-Hi-Y is a part of "High School YMCA". Membership to Hi-Y is extended to males, however, they work closely with members of the Tri-Hi-Y (the sister organization). The Hi-Y participates in different fundraisers throughout the year. One of their biggest events is a Halloween Party for the youth of Weirton. Academic Games The Weir High School Academic Games teams are

528-478: A 4-year college/university, 16% attend a 3-year College/Jr. University, 8% enter the work force, 4% attend business/tech schools, 3% enlist in military service. Additionally, 21% of the student body are special education students, 12% of students are on reduced lunch and 28% of students are on free lunch. Approximately 63.4% of students at Weir High School take the American College Test (ACT). This

616-506: A bessemer converter (1936). It was one of the world's largest producers of tin plate products. A basic oxygen plant was constructed in 1965. In May 2023, Form Energy began building a manufacturing facility producing iron-air batteries for electrical storage at the Weirton mill site. This United States manufacturing company–related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . United States Congress This

704-507: A diverse and successful network of alumni. From professional athletes to tenured academics, Weir High has consistently provided people with the means to achieve their dreams. Even as a public school in an area facing increasing socio-economical issues, Weir High has continued to provide people with opportunity. Weir has alumni actively studying at some of the world's finest institutions such as Harvard and MIT. Some notable alumni to mention: ISG Weirton Steel Weirton Steel Corporation

792-592: A number of Advanced Placement courses, which they can receive dual credit through the West Virginia Northern Community College. Courses currently offered include: English Literature and Composition, Calculus, Biology, Chemistry, Psychology, and US History. These courses are offered as a continuation of the founding principles; however, students are not required to take the Advanced Placement exam. This has resulted in

880-403: A number of co-curricular activities and athletic teams, with faculty members and volunteers who sponsor these programs. Weir High School is home to a number of clubs and organizations who perform hundreds of hours of community service annually. They include the following: Key Club is a part of the world's largest student-led service organization. The Weir High School Key Club is sponsored by

968-738: A part of the National Academic Games Tournament (NAGT). Members compete in academically stimulating games in English, Social Studies, Math, and Logic. Annually, they participate in the National Tournament. Recent tournaments have been held in Georgia, West Virginia, and Tennessee. Interact is sponsored by the Rotary Club of Weirton. Its members participate in community service projects throughout

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1056-589: A political party does not mean that such members are unable to caucus with members of the political parties. Members can also switch parties at any time, although this is quite uncommon. Article One of the United States Constitution states, "All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives." The House and Senate are equal partners in

1144-444: A powerful effect of waking up a somewhat dormant Congress which investigated presidential wrongdoing and coverups; the scandal "substantially reshaped" relations between the branches of government, suggested political scientist Bruce J. Schulman . Partisanship returned, particularly after 1994; one analyst attributes partisan infighting to slim congressional majorities which discouraged friendly social gatherings in meeting rooms such as

1232-524: A revised constitution with a two-chamber or bicameral Congress. Smaller states argued for equal representation for each state. The two-chamber structure had functioned well in state governments. A compromise plan, the Connecticut Compromise , was adopted with representatives chosen by population (benefiting larger states) and exactly two senators chosen by state governments (benefiting smaller states). The ratified constitution created

1320-634: A state's at-large representation to the federal government by senators. Most incumbents seek re-election, and their historical likelihood of winning subsequent elections exceeds 90 percent. The historical records of the House of Representatives and the Senate are maintained by the Center for Legislative Archives, which is a part of the National Archives and Records Administration . Congress

1408-606: A subsidiary of the Cleveland-Cliffs organization. On February 15, 2024, Cleveland-Cliffs announced that it would shut down the Weirton tinworks on April 16th, with CEO Lourenco Goncalves stating that the United States International Trade Commission overturning an earlier Department of Commerce ruling allowing for higher tariffs on tinplate imports rendered the facility unprofitable to operate. Over 900 employees are affected by

1496-415: Is 93.64% and 97.18% of students graduate. The number of graduates were 172 with a dropout rate of 3.0%. The average class size is 19.2 students. The curriculum for Hancock County School System consists of required classes and credits in order to graduate. There are two career paths that students must choose from: skilled or professional. Students in the skilled path will take classes that will help them enter

1584-594: Is a part of the Hancock County School District in Hancock County, WV and is one of two public high schools in the county. The administration of Weir High School consists of 1 principal , 2 assistant principals, 46 faculty members, 2 guidance counselors , and 1 Prevention Resource Officer (PRO). According to data from the 2008-2009 school year, the pupil to administrator ration is 225.7 to 1. For teachers, 9.8% of teachers have attained

1672-766: Is an accepted version of this page Minority (49) Minority (212) Vacant (3) [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States . It is bicameral , composed of a lower body, the United States House of Representatives , and an upper body, the United States Senate . It meets in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. Members are chosen through direct election , though vacancies in

1760-547: Is compared to 63% of Hancock County School District students, as well as 60.3% of students statewide. The Average composite score of the exam, on a 36-point scale, is 20.6. This is consistent with the county and statewide achievements of 20.4 and 20.7, respectively. According to the No Child Left Behind Report Card, 18.6% of students take the SAT , 5% higher than the rest of the county and 3% higher than

1848-693: Is directly responsible for the governing of the District of Columbia , the current seat of the federal government. The First Continental Congress was a gathering of representatives from twelve of the Thirteen Colonies . On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence , referring to the new nation as the "United States of America". The Articles of Confederation in 1781 created

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1936-440: Is elected and gives each House the power to create its own structure. Section Seven lays out the process for creating laws, and Section Eight enumerates numerous powers. Section Nine is a list of powers Congress does not have, and Section Ten enumerates powers of the state, some of which may only be granted by Congress. Constitutional amendments have granted Congress additional powers. Congress also has implied powers derived from

2024-493: Is essentially charged with reconciling our many points of view on the great public policy issues of the day. Congress is constantly changing and is constantly in flux. In recent times, the American South and West have gained House seats according to demographic changes recorded by the census and includes more women and minorities . While power balances among the different parts of government continue to change,

2112-433: Is extraordinarily sensitive to public pressure. Several academics described Congress: Congress reflects us in all our strengths and all our weaknesses. It reflects our regional idiosyncrasies, our ethnic, religious, and racial diversity, our multitude of professions, and our shadings of opinion on everything from the value of war to the war over values. Congress is the government's most representative body   ... Congress

2200-456: Is one teacher who has achieved doctorate standing. Additionally, the student to teacher ratio is approximately 15:1. The average amount of experience for professional staff members is 21.5 years. According to the 2008-2009 No Child Left Behind report card, the enrollment of Weir High School was 677. Of these 677, 30.58% are considered low-income (compared to 49.93% statewide). Likewise, 91.73% of students identify as white. The attendance rate

2288-532: Is required before an impeached person can be removed from office. The term Congress can also refer to a particular meeting of the legislature. A Congress covers two years; the current one, the 118th Congress , began on January 3, 2023, and will end on January 3, 2025. Since the adoption of the Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution , the Congress has started and ended at noon on

2376-529: The tabloidization of media coverage. Others saw pressure to squeeze a political position into a thirty-second soundbite. A report characterized Congress in 2013 as unproductive, gridlocked, and "setting records for futility". In October 2013, with Congress unable to compromise, the government was shut down for several weeks and risked a serious default on debt payments, causing 60% of the public to say they would "fire every member of Congress" including their own representative. One report suggested Congress posed

2464-544: The Board of Education . Congress began reasserting its authority. Lobbying became a big factor despite the 1971 Federal Election Campaign Act . Political action committees or PACs could make substantive donations to congressional candidates via such means as soft money contributions. While soft money funds were not given to specific campaigns for candidates, the money often benefited candidates substantially in an indirect way and helped reelect candidates. Reforms such as

2552-541: The Commerce Clause , the enumerated power to regulate commerce, in rulings such as McCulloch v. Maryland , have effectively widened the scope of Congress's legislative authority far beyond that prescribed in Section Eight. Constitutional responsibility for the oversight of Washington, D.C. , the federal district and national capital, and the U.S. territories of Guam , American Samoa , Puerto Rico ,

2640-650: The Congress of the Confederation in its legislative function. Although not legally mandated, in practice since the 19th century, members of Congress are typically affiliated with one of the two major parties , the Democratic Party or the Republican Party , and only rarely with a third party or independents affiliated with no party. In the case of the latter, the lack of affiliation with

2728-469: The Congress of the Confederation , a unicameral body with equal representation among the states in which each state had a veto over most decisions. Congress had executive but not legislative authority, and the federal judiciary was confined to admiralty and lacked authority to collect taxes, regulate commerce, or enforce laws. Government powerlessness led to the Convention of 1787 which proposed

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2816-609: The Conservative Coalition . Democrats maintained control of Congress during World War II . Congress struggled with efficiency in the postwar era partly by reducing the number of standing congressional committees. Southern Democrats became a powerful force in many influential committees although political power alternated between Republicans and Democrats during these years. More complex issues required greater specialization and expertise, such as space flight and atomic energy policy. Senator Joseph McCarthy exploited

2904-523: The Northern Mariana Islands . These six members of Congress enjoy floor privileges to introduce bills and resolutions, and in recent Congresses they vote in permanent and select committees, in party caucuses and in joint conferences with the Senate. They have Capitol Hill offices, staff and two annual appointments to each of the four military academies. While their votes are constitutional when Congress authorizes their House Committee of

2992-408: The U.S. census results, provided that each state has at least one congressional representative. Each senator is elected at-large in their state for a six-year term, with terms staggered , so every two years approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election. Each state, regardless of population or size, has two senators, so currently, there are 100 senators for the 50 states. Article One of

3080-449: The second-wave feminism movement , when activists moved into electoral politics. Beginning in the 1970s, donors and political action committees like EMILY's List began recruiting, training and funding women candidates. Watershed political moments like the confirmation of Clarence Thomas and the 2016 presidential election created momentum for women candidates, resulting in the Year of

3168-484: The "biggest risk to the U.S. economy" because of its brinksmanship , "down-to-the-wire budget and debt crises" and "indiscriminate spending cuts", resulting in slowed economic activity and keeping up to two million people unemployed. There has been increasing public dissatisfaction with Congress, with extremely low approval ratings which dropped to 5% in October 2013. In 2009, Congress authorized another delegate for

3256-439: The 1960s opened the possibility for Black, Asian American, Latina and other non-white women candidates to run for Congress. Racially polarized voting, racial stereotypes and lack of institutional support still prevent women of color from reaching Congress as easily as white people . Senate elections, which require victories in statewide electorates, have been particularly difficult for women of color. Carol Moseley Braun became

3344-790: The 2002 Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act limited campaign donations but did not limit soft money contributions. One source suggests post-Watergate laws amended in 1974 meant to reduce the "influence of wealthy contributors and end payoffs" instead "legitimized PACs" since they "enabled individuals to band together in support of candidates". From 1974 to 1984, PACs grew from 608 to 3,803 and donations leaped from $ 12.5   million to $ 120   million along with concern over PAC influence in Congress. In 2009, there were 4,600 business, labor and special-interest PACs including ones for lawyers , electricians , and real estate brokers . From 2007 to 2008, 175 members of Congress received "half or more of their campaign cash" from PACs. From 1970 to 2009,

3432-594: The 2008-2009 school year, Weir High School students achieved an overall 59.5% proficiency of mastery or above in Reading/Language Arts and a 73.5% mastery in Math. County-wide, 63.7% of students were proficient in Reading/Language Arts and 67.9% achieved mastery or higher in Math. Statewide, these numbers were 58.8% and 59.5% respectably. Additionally, the state's target for proficiency is 45% in Reading/Language Arts and 48% for Mathematics. Weir High School has

3520-622: The Advance Placement ratio being 1% for the school. As part of the No Child Left Behind Act passed by the United States Congress , Weir High School and other schools nationwide are required to publish data regarding student populations and demographics and test scores. The average size of a graduating class is 170 students. 97.2% of students graduate from Weir High School. Of these, 55% attend

3608-574: The American response as a "police action". According to Time magazine in 1970, "U.S. presidents [had] ordered troops into position or action without a formal congressional declaration a total of 149 times." In 1993, Michael Kinsley wrote that "Congress's war power has become the most flagrantly disregarded provision in the Constitution," and that the "real erosion [of Congress's war power] began after World War   II." Disagreement about

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3696-462: The Constitution's Necessary and Proper Clause . Congress has authority over financial and budgetary policy through the enumerated power to "lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States". There is vast authority over budgets, although analyst Eric Patashnik suggested that much of Congress's power to manage

3784-604: The Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof". Article Four gives Congress the power to admit new states into the Union. One of Congress's foremost non-legislative functions is the power to investigate and oversee the executive branch. Congressional oversight is usually delegated to committees and is facilitated by Congress's subpoena power. Some critics have charged that Congress has in some instances failed to do an adequate job of overseeing

3872-546: The House expanded delegates, along with their powers and privileges representing U.S. citizens in non-state areas, beginning with representation on committees for Puerto Rico's resident commissioner in 1970. In 1971, a delegate for the District of Columbia was authorized, and in 1972 new delegate positions were established for U.S. Virgin Islands and Guam . In 1978, an additional delegate for American Samoa were added. In

3960-510: The House of Representatives are elected for the two-year term of a Congress. The Reapportionment Act of 1929 established that there be 435 representatives, and the Uniform Congressional Redistricting Act requires that they be elected from single-member constituencies or districts . It is also required that the congressional districts be apportioned among states by population every ten years using

4048-477: The House of Representatives have equal legislative authority, although only the House may originate revenue and appropriation bills . Congress has an important role in national defense , including the exclusive power to declare war, to raise and maintain the armed forces , and to make rules for the military. Some critics charge that the executive branch has usurped Congress's constitutionally defined task of declaring war. While historically presidents initiated

4136-625: The Jeffersonian Republican Party and began the era of the First Party System . In 1800, Thomas Jefferson 's election to the presidency marked a peaceful transition of power between the parties. John Marshall , 4th chief justice of the Supreme Court , empowered the courts by establishing the principle of judicial review in law in the landmark case Marbury v. Madison in 1803, effectively giving

4224-799: The Kiwanis Club or Weirton and participates annually in Trick or Treat for UNICEF, various events with the Hancock County Sheltered Workshop, the Weirton Geriatric Health Complex. Additionally, the club is known throughout the state and the world and annually attend both District and International Conventions. National Honor Society is a part of a larger national organization. Membership is awarded by invitation once an individual completes five semesters at Weir High School. Members must maintain

4312-464: The Senate may be filled by a governor 's appointment. Congress has 535 voting members: 100 senators and 435 representatives. The vice president of the United States , as President of the Senate, has a vote in the Senate only when there is a tie. The House of Representatives has six non-voting members . Congress convenes for a two-year term , commencing every other January. Elections are held every even-numbered year on Election Day . The members of

4400-635: The Supreme Court a power to nullify congressional legislation. The Civil War , which lasted from 1861 to 1865, which resolved the slavery issue and unified the nation under federal authority but weakened the power of states' rights . The Gilded Age (1877–1901) was marked by Republican dominance of Congress. During this time, lobbying activity became more intense, particularly during the administration of President Ulysses S. Grant in which influential lobbies advocated for railroad subsidies and tariffs on wool. Immigration and high birth rates swelled

4488-449: The U.S. Constitution requires that members of Congress be at least 25 years old for the House and at least 30 years old for the U.S. Senate, be a U.S. citizen for seven years for the House and nine years for the Senate, and be an inhabitant of the state which they represent. Members in both chambers may stand for re-election an unlimited number of times. The Congress was created by the U.S. Constitution and first met in 1789, replacing

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4576-554: The White House a little more in favor of the executive branch", according to one account. Past presidents, including Ronald Reagan , George H. W. Bush , Bill Clinton , and George W. Bush , have made public statements when signing congressional legislation about how they understand a bill or plan to execute it, and commentators, including the American Bar Association , have described this practice as against

4664-504: The Whole votes, recent Congresses have not allowed for that, and they cannot vote when the House is meeting as the House of Representatives. On January 6, 2021, the Congress gathered to confirm the election of Joe Biden, when supporters of the outgoing president Donald Trump attacked the building . The session of Congress ended prematurely, and Congress representatives evacuated. Trump supporters occupied Congress until D.C police evacuated

4752-552: The Woman and the election of members of The Squad , respectively. Women of color faced additional challenges that made their ascension to Congress even more difficult. Jim Crow laws , voter suppression and other forms of structural racism made it virtually impossible for women of color to reach Congress prior to 1965. The passage of the Voting Rights Act that year , and the elimination of race-based immigration laws in

4840-662: The area. The event was the first time since the Burning of Washington by the British during the War of 1812 that the United States Congress was forcefully occupied. Various social and structural barriers have prevented women from gaining seats in Congress. In the early 20th century, women's domestic roles and the inability to vote forestalled opportunities to run for and hold public office. The two party system and

4928-402: The assets were then auctioned, with most being acquired by ISG, which formed a new division called ISG Weirton Steel . On April 5, 2005, ISG completed a merger with Mittal Steel . In 2006, Mittal Steel completed a further merger with Arcelor , forming a new company known as ArcelorMittal . In December 2020, ArcelorMittal sold its U.S. holdings to Ohio-based Cleveland-Cliffs Inc. making it

5016-417: The budget has been lost when the welfare state expanded since "entitlements were institutionally detached from Congress's ordinary legislative routine and rhythm." Another factor leading to less control over the budget was a Keynesian belief that balanced budgets were unnecessary. The Sixteenth Amendment in 1913 extended congressional power of taxation to include income taxes without apportionment among

5104-491: The century, the company was experiencing financial difficulties. Weirton Steel became the largest Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) steel plant in the world when employees purchased stocks in the 1980s. After Weirton Steel filed for bankruptcy, with 3,000 employees, Ohio -based International Steel Group (ISG) submitted a low offer of $ 237 million. On April 22, 2004, U.S. federal bankruptcy Judge L. Edward Friend II ruled that ISG could purchase Weirton Steel. By court order,

5192-482: The city of Weirton, as well as hold a number of events for school spirit. RAZE is an organization which exists solely in West Virginia. Over 150 schools throughout the state participate in preventing the use and abuse of tobacco. They provide teens throughout the state with vital information about the harms of tobacco use. Environmental Science The environmental science club is for students passionate about

5280-593: The closure of this facility. U.S. Senator Joe Manchin declared the ITC turned "a blind eye to nearly 1,000 hard-working employees," and that "Cleveland-Cliffs’ closure is an absolute injustice not only to American workers, but to the very principle of fair competition, and it will undoubtedly weaken our economic and national security." Located in Weirton, West Virginia , the integrated steel mill had four blast furnaces (1919, 1926, 1941 and 1952), an open-hearth shop (1920) and

5368-612: The early years as political parties became pronounced. With the passage of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights , the anti-federalist movement was exhausted. Some activists joined the Anti-Administration Party that James Madison and Thomas Jefferson were forming about 1790–1791 to oppose policies of Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton ; it soon became the Democratic-Republican Party or

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5456-487: The electorate. Lame duck reforms according to the Twentieth Amendment reduced the power of defeated and retiring members of Congress to wield influence despite their lack of accountability. The Great Depression ushered in President Franklin Roosevelt and strong control by Democrats and historic New Deal policies. Roosevelt 's election in 1932 marked a shift in government power towards

5544-672: The environment. They participate in city clean-ups and work to spread environmental awareness and promote Going-Green efforts around the city. Weir High School is a member of the WVSSAC (West Virginia Secondary School Activity Commission). Due to the school's enrollment, it is known as a AA athletic school. Weir High School has 19 varsity athletic teams in 12 different sports. Additionally, there are three freshmen-only teams in volleyball, men's basketball, and football. The chart below shows Weir High School's athletic offerings by gender. Male sports Female sports Weir High has cultivated

5632-652: The exams, which accounts for 0.6% of students in Hancock County who also take the exams. This is compared to West Virginia's average of 20% of students who take the exams. The West Virginia Department of Education's aptitude and proficiency test, known as the West Virginia Educational Standards Tests Archived 2010-07-26 at the Wayback Machine (WESTEST) is given annually to students in grades 3-11. For

5720-425: The exclusive power of removal , allowing impeachment and removal of the president, federal judges and other federal officers. There have been charges that presidents acting under the doctrine of the unitary executive have assumed important legislative and budgetary powers that should belong to Congress. So-called signing statements are one way in which a president can "tip the balance of power between Congress and

5808-595: The executive branch. Numerous New Deal initiatives came from the White House rather initiated by Congress. President Roosevelt pushed his agenda in Congress by detailing Executive Branch staff to friendly Senate committees (a practice that ended with the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946). The Democratic Party controlled both houses of Congress for many years. During this time, Republicans and conservative southern Democrats formed

5896-463: The extent of congressional versus presidential power regarding war has been present periodically throughout the nation's history. Congress can establish post offices and post roads, issue patents and copyrights , fix standards of weights and measures, establish Courts inferior to the Supreme Court , and "make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in

5984-564: The fear of communism during the Second Red Scare and conducted televised hearings. In 1960, Democratic candidate John F. Kennedy narrowly won the presidency and power shifted again to the Democrats who dominated both chambers of Congress from 1961 to 1980, and retained a consistent majority in the House from 1955 to 1994. Congress enacted Johnson's Great Society program to fight poverty and hunger. The Watergate Scandal had

6072-759: The fine arts. Additionally, students enrolled in the professional pathway must attain a 4th science credit, two credits of the same foreign language (offered in Spanish and French , and American Sign Language), and one credit of a course in their concentration. Likewise, these students may take 6 elective credits. There are six career clusters which students are able to choose from for their education. They include Business and Marketing, Fine Arts/Humanities, Human Services, Engineering/Technology, Health, and Science/Natural resources. Students are not locked into these clusters, and they can change career clusters by visiting their guidance counselor. Students are able to choose from

6160-412: The first woman of color to reach the Senate in 1993. The second, Mazie Hirono , won in 2013. In 2021, Kamala Harris became the first female President of the Senate , which came with her role as the first female Vice President of the United States . Article One of the Constitution creates and sets forth the structure and most of the powers of Congress. Sections One through Six describe how Congress

6248-402: The internal structure of Congress is important to understand along with its interactions with so-called intermediary institutions such as political parties , civic associations , interest groups , and the mass media . The Congress of the United States serves two distinct purposes that overlap: local representation to the federal government of a congressional district by representatives and

6336-486: The lack of term limits favored incumbent white men, making the widow's succession – in which a woman temporarily took over a seat vacated by the death of her husband – the most common path to Congress for white women. Women candidates began making substantial inroads in the later 20th century, due in part to new political support mechanisms and public awareness of their underrepresentation in Congress. Recruitment and financial support for women candidates were rare until

6424-430: The late 20th century, the media became more important in Congress's work. Analyst Michael Schudson suggested that greater publicity undermined the power of political parties and caused "more roads to open up in Congress for individual representatives to influence decisions". Norman Ornstein suggested that media prominence led to a greater emphasis on the negative and sensational side of Congress, and referred to this as

6512-488: The law. Generally militia forces are controlled by state governments, not Congress. Congress also has implied powers deriving from the Constitution's Necessary and Proper Clause which permit Congress to "make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof". Broad interpretations of this clause and of

6600-408: The legislative process – legislation cannot be enacted without the consent of both chambers. The Constitution grants each chamber some unique powers. The Senate ratifies treaties and approves presidential appointments while the House initiates revenue -raising bills. The House initiates impeachment cases, while the Senate decides impeachment cases. A two-thirds vote of the Senate

6688-441: The legislature since there were two separate chambers. The new government became active in 1789. Political scientist Julian E. Zelizer suggested there were four main congressional eras, with considerable overlap, and included the formative era (1780s–1820s), the partisan era (1830s–1900s), the committee era (1910s–1960s), and the contemporary era (1970–present). Federalists and anti-federalists jostled for power in

6776-461: The operation. The location was chosen due to the abundant water supply, much needed for steel production, and the convenient access to major steel markets. In 1929, Weir merged Weirton Steel with Detroit's Michigan Steel and Cleveland's M. A. Hanna Company to form National Steel Corporation . National Steel became one of the largest steel producers in the United States , but by the end of

6864-584: The other branches of government. In the Plame affair , critics including Representative Henry A. Waxman charged that Congress was not doing an adequate job of oversight in this case. There have been concerns about congressional oversight of executive actions such as warrantless wiretapping , although others respond that Congress did investigate the legality of presidential decisions. Political scientists Ornstein and Mann suggested that oversight functions do not help members of Congress win reelection. Congress also has

6952-597: The process for going to war, they asked for and received formal war declarations from Congress for the War of 1812 , the Mexican–American War , the Spanish–American War , World War I , and World War II , although President Theodore Roosevelt 's military move into Panama in 1903 did not get congressional approval. In the early days after the North Korean invasion of 1950 , President Truman described

7040-703: The ranks of citizens and the nation grew at a rapid pace. The Progressive Era was characterized by strong party leadership in both houses of Congress and calls for reform; sometimes reformers said lobbyists corrupted politics. The position of Speaker of the House became extremely powerful under leaders such as Thomas Reed in 1890 and Joseph Gurney Cannon . By the beginning of the 20th century, party structures and leadership emerged as key organizers of Senate proceedings. A system of seniority, in which long-time members of Congress gained more and more power, encouraged politicians of both parties to seek long terms. Committee chairmen remained influential in both houses until

7128-504: The reforms of the 1970s. Important structural changes included the direct popular election of senators according to the Seventeenth Amendment , ratified on April 8, 1913. Supreme Court decisions based on the Constitution's commerce clause expanded congressional power to regulate the economy. One effect of popular election of senators was to reduce the difference between the House and Senate in terms of their link to

7216-413: The several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration. The Constitution also grants Congress the exclusive power to appropriate funds, and this power of the purse is one of Congress's primary checks on the executive branch. Congress can borrow money on the credit of the United States, regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, and coin money. Generally, the Senate and

7304-736: The spirit of the Constitution. There have been concerns that presidential authority to cope with financial crises is eclipsing the power of Congress. In 2008, George F. Will called the Capitol building a "tomb for the antiquated idea that the legislative branch matters". The Constitution enumerates the powers of Congress in detail. In addition, other congressional powers have been granted, or confirmed, by constitutional amendments. The Thirteenth (1865), Fourteenth (1868), and Fifteenth Amendments (1870) gave Congress authority to enact legislation to enforce rights of African Americans, including voting rights , due process , and equal protection under

7392-598: The statewide average. The average score in Critical Reading is 485, Math is 473, and Writing is 497. This equals a composite score of 1455 out of a possible 2400. County and statewide, the average composite scores are 1440 and 1465 respectively. For 2008-2009, no students in grades ten or eleven took advanced placement (AP) exams. The same statistic exists for the county; however, statewide 2.3% of sophomores and 17% of juniors take and pass Advanced Placement exams. Weir High School, 1.1% of graduating seniors partook in

7480-401: The third day of January of every odd-numbered year. Members of the Senate are referred to as senators; members of the House of Representatives are referred to as representatives, congressmen, or congresswomen. Scholar and representative Lee H. Hamilton asserted that the "historic mission of Congress has been to maintain freedom" and insisted it was a "driving force in American government" and

7568-586: The unincorporated towns in the county. By then Hollidays Cove and two other outlying areas, Weirton Heights and Marland Heights surrounding the "Weir–Cove" area were growing at an astounding rate. In a 1937 article in Life magazine the town of Weirton is noted as being the largest unincorporated town in the United States, with a vibrant community developed by Ernest T. Weir , including a swimming pool, golf course, and football stadium for Weir High School. Weirton at its peak would consist of 28,201 citizens. Weir High School

7656-449: The workforce or attend a vocational or technical school upon graduation. Students in the professional career path will choose a cluster whose classes will prepare them for a 4-year degree program. Students at Weir High School must complete five years of reading and language arts, attain 4 credits in mathematics , 3 credits of science , 4 credits of social science , 1 credit of physical education , 1 credit of health , and one credit in

7744-553: Was a steel production company founded by Ernest T. Weir in West Virginia in 1909. It was at one time one of the world's largest producers of tin plate products. Weirton Steel Corporation was an integrated steel mill founded in 1909 by Ernest T. Weir. In 1905, Weir and his partner, James Phillips, bought a tin mill in Clarksburg, West Virginia . In 1909, they relocated to Hollidays Cove , West Virginia , and expanded

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