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46-609: Toowoomba Wellcamp Airport ( IATA : WTB , ICAO : YBWW , formerly Brisbane West Wellcamp Airport ) is an airport in Wellcamp , 8.4 nautical miles (15.6 km; 9.7 mi) west from the CBD of Toowoomba , Queensland , Australia. The airport and an associated aviation and business park is the brainchild of the Wagner family , a business family prominent in the Toowoomba region. It

92-662: A catchment area of 344,000 people and in 2017 handled 157,000 passengers (a 25.9% growth from the previous year), making it the 33rd busiest regional airport in Australia annually. Prior to the construction of this airport, the Toowoomba region had not been serviced by a jet-capable airport at any time in the city's history . The existing Toowoomba City Aerodrome at Wilsonton in suburban residential Toowoomba has been historically restricted in development due to local council land development policy and poor local planning, although

138-567: A new airport is built, replacing the old one, leaving the city's new "major" airport (or the only remaining airport) code to no longer correspond with the city's name. The original airport in Nashville, Tennessee, was built in 1936 as part of the Works Progress Administration and called Berry Field with the designation, BNA. A new facility known as Nashville International Airport was built in 1987 but still uses BNA. This

184-448: A one off flight to the airport was carried out by TNT , as well as DHL later that year. The airport also has a weekly Cathay Pacific Cargo flight with a Boeing 747 arriving via Melbourne . The Wagner family submitted to the amalgamated Toowoomba Regional Council a plan for a large-scale airport and industrial development in 2012, utilising an extant planning code from the pre-amalgamated council statutes. The submission occurred on

230-525: A potential road-air-rail hub. In December 2014 the airport announced the development of an aviation education precinct, a joint project with the Airline Academy of Australia and University of Southern Queensland , to train pilots and offer courses in aircraft maintenance, engineering and electronics. The first students commenced training in February 2015. Qantas' first Pilot Training Academy at

276-488: A publicly-owned high-speed rail service. No costings were provided for the high-speed rail service. The plan was criticised for the increased cost and time of flights to Queensland with impacts on tourism, the local economy, and increasing the difficulties of rural people travelling to Brisbane for healthcare. A new facility called the Wellcamp Aerospace and Defence Precinct was announced on 21 September 2021. On

322-405: A runway extension in 2011 allowed for improved scheduled services with turboprop aircraft. The Darling Downs and Surat Basin regions were subject to significant growth between 2005 and 2013, primarily due to coal mining and coal seam gas exploration. This industrial expansion coupled with the development of a transport hub and industrial estate at Charlton (10 km west of Toowoomba) provided

368-509: Is GSN and its IATA code is SPN, and some coincide with IATA codes of non-U.S. airports. Canada's unusual codes—which bear little to no similarity with any conventional abbreviation to the city's name—such as YUL in Montréal , and YYZ in Toronto , originated from the two-letter codes used to identify weather reporting stations in the 1930s. The letters preceding the two-letter code follow

414-617: Is available. However, many railway administrations have their own list of codes for their stations, such as the list of Amtrak station codes . Airport codes arose out of the convenience that the practice brought pilots for location identification in the 1930s. Initially, pilots in the United States used the two-letter code from the National Weather Service (NWS) for identifying cities. This system became unmanageable for cities and towns without an NWS identifier, and

460-523: Is different from the name in English, yet the airport code represents only the English name. Examples include: Due to scarcity of codes, some airports are given codes with letters not found in their names: The use of 'X' as a filler letter is a practice to create three-letter identifiers when more straightforward options were unavailable: Some airports in the United States retained their NWS ( National Weather Service ) codes and simply appended an X at

506-513: Is in conjunction to rules aimed to avoid confusion that seem to apply in the United States, which state that "the first and second letters or second and third letters of an identifier may not be duplicated with less than 200 nautical miles separation." Thus, Washington, D.C. area's three airports all have radically different codes: IAD for Washington–Dulles , DCA for Washington–Reagan (District of Columbia Airport), and BWI for Baltimore (Baltimore–Washington International, formerly BAL). Since HOU

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552-543: Is not followed outside the United States: In addition, since three letter codes starting with Q are widely used in radio communication, cities whose name begins with "Q" also had to find alternate codes, as in the case of: IATA codes should not be confused with the FAA identifiers of U.S. airports. Most FAA identifiers agree with the corresponding IATA codes, but some do not, such as Saipan , whose FAA identifier

598-467: Is the first major greenfield public airport development in Australia since Melbourne Airport opened in 1970. It is also the first privately funded major airport in the country. The airport is rated at Code E and with its 2,870-metre (9,416 ft) long by 45-metre (148 ft) wide runway can handle aircraft the size and weight of the Boeing 747-400 and Boeing 747-8 . The airport is estimated to have

644-416: Is used for William P. Hobby Airport , the new Houston–Intercontinental became IAH. The code BKK was originally assigned to Bangkok–Don Mueang and was later transferred to Suvarnabhumi Airport , while the former adopted DMK. The code ISK was originally assigned to Gandhinagar Airport (Nashik's old airport) and later on transferred to Ozar Airport (Nashik's current airport). Shanghai–Hongqiao retained

690-571: The Canadian transcontinental railroads were built, each station was assigned its own two-letter Morse code : When the Canadian government established airports, it used the existing railway codes for them as well. If the airport had a weather station, authorities added a "Y" to the front of the code, meaning "Yes" to indicate it had a weather station or some other letter to indicate it did not. When international codes were created in cooperation with

736-610: The U.S. For example, several airports in Alaska have scheduled commercial service, such as Stebbins and Nanwalek , which use FAA codes instead of ICAO codes. Thus, neither system completely includes all airports with scheduled service. Some airports are identified in colloquial speech by their IATA code. Examples include LAX and JFK . TNT Express TNT Express was an international courier delivery services company with its headquarters in Hoofddorp , Netherlands . It

782-481: The United States, because "Y" was seldom used in the United States, Canada simply used the weather station codes for its airports, changing the "Y" to a "Z" if it conflicted with an airport code already in use. The result is that most major Canadian airport codes start with "Y" followed by two letters in the city's name (for example, YOW for O tta w a , YWG for W innipe g , YYC for C algar y , or YVR for V ancouve r ), whereas other Canadian airports append

828-603: The Wellcamp Airport opened in September 2019. During the COVID-19 pandemic , there was significantly reduced amounts of air travel, leading to airlines needing to store planes in locations which would best maintain the condition of the planes during storage, e.g. to avoid rust. On 30 September 2020, it was announced that the aircraft storage facility operated by Asia Pacific Aircraft Storage at Alice Springs Airport

874-440: The airport itself instead of the city it serves, while another code is reserved which refers to the city itself which can be used to search for flights to any of its airports. For instance: Or using a code for the city in one of the major airports and then assigning another code to another airport: When different cities with the same name each have an airport, they need to be assigned different codes. Examples include: Sometimes,

920-418: The airport's former name, such as Orlando International Airport 's MCO (for Mc C o y Air Force Base), or Chicago's O'Hare International Airport , which is coded ORD for its original name: Or char d Field. In rare cases, the code comes from the airport's unofficial name, such as Kahului Airport 's OGG (for local aviation pioneer Jimmy H ogg ). In large metropolitan areas, airport codes are often named after

966-502: The code SHA, while the newer Shanghai–Pudong adopted PVG. The opposite was true for Berlin : the airport Berlin–Tegel used the code TXL, while its smaller counterpart Berlin–Schönefeld used SXF; the Berlin Brandenburg Airport has the airport code BER, which is also part of its branding. The airports of Hamburg (HAM) and Hannover (HAJ) are less than 100 nautical miles (190 km) apart and therefore share

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1012-624: The deal fell through in January 2013, after it was announced that UPS had failed to obtain permission from the European Commission , and as such, had been blocked on competition grounds. In April 2015, FedEx announced its agreed intention to buy TNT Express for €4.4 billion , as it looked to expand its operations in Europe. The European Commission launched an investigation into the planned acquisition and on 8 January 2016, approved

1058-535: The deal. The transaction was completed on 25 May 2016. In June 2017, TNT Express was badly affected by the NotPetya cyber attack, partly because some operations and communication systems were based in Ukraine, where the cyber attack originated. TNT had to operate using manual processes for months creating very large backlogs. Some records were entirely lost. TNT offered road and air delivery services in Europe,

1104-934: The end. Examples include: A lot of minor airfields without scheduled passenger traffic have ICAO codes but not IATA codes, since the four letter codes allow more number of codes, and IATA codes are mainly used for passenger services such as tickets, and ICAO codes by pilots. In the US, such airfields use FAA codes instead of ICAO. There are airports with scheduled service for which there are ICAO codes but not IATA codes, such as Nkhotakota Airport/Tangole Airport in Malawi or Chōfu Airport in Tokyo, Japan. There are also several minor airports in Russia (e.g., Omsukchan Airport ) which lack IATA codes and instead use internal Russian codes for booking. Flights to these airports cannot be booked through

1150-547: The first Airbus A330 flight at the airport. The service was a charter originating in Sydney before stopping at Wellcamp to collect 250 people traveling to Shanghai , China for a trade conference. On 11 November 2016, the airport was designated as an international airport and as a regional international gateway. In July 2018, Airnorth announced the cancellation of the Wellcamp-Cairns route from October 2018. In 2019,

1196-563: The first concrete for the terminal building was poured. In June 2014, work began on sealing the runway and movement areas using EFC, a low-carbon cement-free concrete developed by Wagners, boosting the airport's green credentials. On 3 September 2014, Qantas became the first airline to announce regular services from the airport. Regional services operated under contract to the Government of Queensland transferred from Toowoomba City Aerodrome to Wellcamp on 1 January 2015. On 17 November 2014,

1242-602: The first scheduled passenger service commenced, operating between Sydney Airport and Wellcamp airport. On 23 November 2015, the first jumbo aircraft arrived from Sydney. The Cathay Pacific 747 freighter aircraft made a brief stop en route from Sydney Airport to Hong Kong to collect produce bound for China . The trial service uplifted 58 tonnes of fresh produce during the stop. In March 2016, services to Cairns and Melbourne with Airnorth commenced, followed by Townsville in November. In October 2016, Cathay Pacific announced

1288-557: The first three letters of the city in which it is located, for instance: The code may also be a combination of the letters in its name, such as: Sometimes the airport code reflects pronunciation, rather than spelling, namely: For many reasons, some airport codes do not fit the normal scheme described above. Some airports, for example, cross several municipalities or regions, and therefore, use codes derived from some of their letters, resulting in: Other airports—particularly those serving cities with multiple airports—have codes derived from

1334-478: The following format: Most large airports in Canada have codes that begin with the letter "Y", although not all "Y" codes are Canadian (for example, YUM for Yuma, Arizona , and YNT for Yantai , China), and not all Canadian airports start with the letter "Y" (for example, ZBF for Bathurst, New Brunswick ). Many Canadian airports have a code that starts with W, X or Z, but none of these are major airports. When

1380-597: The form of " YYZ ", a song by the rock band Rush , which utilizes the Morse code signal as a musical motif. Some airports have started using their IATA codes as brand names , such as Calgary International Airport (YYC) and Vancouver International Airport (YVR). Numerous New Zealand airports use codes that contain the letter Z, to distinguish them from similar airport names in other countries. Examples include HLZ for Hamilton , ZQN for Queenstown , and WSZ for Westport . Predominantly, airport codes are named after

1426-487: The international air booking systems or have international luggage transferred there, and thus, they are booked instead through the airline or a domestic booking system. Several heliports in Greenland have 3-letter codes used internally which might be IATA codes for airports in faraway countries. There are several airports with scheduled service that have not been assigned ICAO codes that do have IATA codes, especially in

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1472-531: The land corridor immediately west of Toowoomba with government-endorsed transport development opportunities. Construction on the site, a former quarry owned by the Wagner family since 1994, began in April 2013, with an ambitious timeframe for completion by October 2014. On 22 November 2013, a Beechcraft King Air owned and piloted by John Wagner became the first aircraft to land on the new runway. On 15 January 2014,

1518-674: The last available day prior to post-amalgamation planning codes taking effect. This resulted in a diminished requirement for community consultation which was met with scepticism by some media and local residents. The initial submission was also completed without consultation with local airspace owners, primarily the Department of Defence , which controls much of the local airspace via the Oakey and Amberley military restricted airspace zones. This has subsequently required considerable consultation, and has been complicated by effective endorsement of

1564-612: The name of the airport itself, for instance: This is also true with some cities with a single airport (even if there is more than one airport in the metropolitan area of said city), such as BDL for Hartford, Connecticut 's B ra dl ey International Airport or Baltimore's BWI, for B altimore/ W ashington I nternational Airport ; however, the latter also serves Washington, D.C. , alongside Dulles International Airport (IAD, for I nternational A irport D ulles) and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA, for D istrict of C olumbia A irport). The code also sometimes comes from

1610-416: The one they are located in: Other airport codes are of obscure origin, and each has its own peculiarities: In Asia, codes that do not correspond with their city's names include Niigata 's KIJ , Nanchang 's KHN and Pyongyang 's FNJ . EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg , which serves three countries, has three airport codes: BSL, MLH, EAP. Some cities have a name in their respective language which

1656-501: The opening of weekly cargo services starting on 22 November 2016, from Wellcamp to Hong Kong using a 747 freighter aircraft. The service originates in Sydney and stops in Melbourne and Wellcamp before proceeding to Hong Kong. Cathay Pacific also announced that the first cargo export booking from Toowoomba was for a live crocodile . On 22 October 2016, the first international passenger flight stopped at Wellcamp airport. This also marked

1702-505: The privately funded public airport development at all governmental levels despite potential impacts on the Department of Defence. Changes to the military airspace around Oakey and Amberley were subsequently announced in November 2013 to allow the continuation of military flying activities at these bases and civilian operations from Wellcamp once it became operational. Then Lord Mayor of Brisbane , Graham Quirk , expressed opposition to

1748-758: The project in limbo. IATA airport code The assignment of these codes is governed by IATA Resolution 763, and it is administered by the IATA's headquarters in Montreal , Canada. The codes are published semi-annually in the IATA Airline Coding Directory. IATA provides codes for airport handling entities, and for certain railway stations. Alphabetical lists of airports sorted by IATA code are available. A list of railway station codes , shared in agreements between airlines and rail lines such as Amtrak , SNCF , and Deutsche Bahn ,

1794-648: The same date, Boeing Australia announced plans to build an uncrewed aerial vehicle manufacturing facility at Wellcamp for the Boeing MQ-28 Ghost Bat project. This deal is worth up to $ 1 billion for Queensland 's economy over 10 years. In September 2022, Virgin Orbit signed an agreement with Wagner Corporation to base a Boeing 747-400 launch aircraft at the airport with a demonstrator small satellite launch initially planned for 2024. However, in April 2023, Virgin Orbit filed for bankruptcy, leaving

1840-506: The same first and middle letters, indicating that this rule might be followed only in Germany. Many cities retain historical names in their airport codes, even after having undergone an official name/spelling/transliteration change: Some airport codes are based on previous names associated with a present airport, often with a military heritage. These include: Some airports are named for an administrative division or nearby city, rather than

1886-500: The station code of Malton, Mississauga , where it is located). YUL is used for Montréal–Trudeau (UL was the ID code for the beacon in the city of Kirkland , now the location of Montréal–Trudeau). While these codes make it difficult for the public to associate them with a particular Canadian city, some codes have become popular in usage despite their cryptic nature, particularly at the largest airports. Toronto's code has entered pop culture in

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1932-515: The two-letter code of the radio beacons that were the closest to the actual airport, such as YQX in Gander or YXS in Prince George . Four of the ten provincial capital airports in Canada have ended up with codes beginning with YY, including: Canada's largest airport is YYZ for Toronto Pearson (as YTZ was already allocated to Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport , the airport was given

1978-525: The use of the previous name "Brisbane West" for an airport 130 km (81 mi) west of Brisbane, saying it would mislead visitors. The new airport location is adjacent to the Toowoomba Bypass , the section of the bypass between Charlton and Athol that passes by the airport is a single carriageway. The airport location is also near the planned Australian standard gauge Inland Rail corridor which would link Melbourne with Brisbane, thus providing

2024-529: The use of two letters allowed only a few hundred combinations; a three-letter system of airport codes was implemented. This system allowed for 17,576 permutations, assuming all letters can be used in conjunction with each other. Since the U.S. Navy reserved "N" codes, and to prevent confusion with Federal Communications Commission broadcast call signs , which begin with "W" or "K", the airports of certain U.S. cities whose name begins with one of these letters had to adopt "irregular" airport codes: This practice

2070-565: Was acquired by FedEx . The namesake Thomas Nationwide Transport grandfather company was originally started in 1946 with a single truck in Adelaide , South Australia . On 26 May 2011, TNT Express separated from its parent company, TNT NV , being listed on the Euronext Amsterdam . TNT NV subsequently renamed itself PostNL . In March 2012, UPS announced its intention to acquire TNT Express for US$ 6.7 billion . However,

2116-539: Was approaching capacity, and some additional aircraft would be stored at Wellcamp Airport. In June 2023, Elizabeth Watson-Brown , the Greens federal MP for the Brisbane seat of Ryan , proposed to reduce aircraft noise over Brisbane by limiting the number of flights that could use Brisbane Airport and having a 10pm curfew. Other flights to Brisbane would use Toowoomba Wellcamp with passengers transferred to Brisbane via

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