49-423: Wellington Park is the protected area which encompasses kunanyi / Mount Wellington and surrounds near Hobart , Tasmania . There are numerous hiking and mountain bike tracks within the park of varying difficulty. Although it carries the same status as a national park ( IUCN protected area category II), because the park contains private land it cannot technically be reserved as a national park. Wellington Park
98-477: A 104m tower known as the Post Master General tower (PMG tower) and another owned by WIN Corporation , the latter still present today. The PMG tower faced significant issues with snow and ice, and in 1982 a radome was added to protect the tower's antennas. Planning for a replacement tower began in the late 1980s, and in 1993 plans were finalised for a new 131m concrete and steel tower to withstand
147-530: A bad reputation as a dangerous land unsuitable for colonisation, and challenged the stereotypes of Pacific Islanders as noble savages then prevalent in Europe. There are different possible reasons for the Maori military assault on the landing site, including that the chief Te Kauri (Te Kuri) considered that Marion was a threat to his authority or Te Kauri became concerned at the economic effect of supplying food for
196-717: A familiar appellation in New Zealand and Tasmania. He first went to sea in 1741 on a voyage to Cadiz aboard the 22-gun Saint-Ésprit . During the War of the Austrian Succession Marion commanded several ships as a privateer, including the Prince de Conty where he transported Charles Edward Stuart from Scotland to France. In the Seven Years' War , he was engaged in various naval operations including taking
245-524: A few fire trails . There is also a sealed narrow road to the summit, about 22 kilometres (14 mi) from Hobart central business district. An enclosed lookout near the summit has views of the city below and to the east, the Derwent estuary , and also glimpses of the World Heritage Area nearly 100 kilometres (62 mi) west. From Hobart, the most distinctive feature of Mount Wellington is
294-406: A great size, and composed a noble forest. In some of the dampest ravines, tree-ferns flourished in an extraordinary manner; I saw one which must have been at least twenty feet high to the base of the fronds, and was in girth exactly six feet. The fronds forming the most elegant parasols, produced a gloomy shade, like that of the first hour of the night. The summit of the mountain is broad and flat, and
343-737: A military assault by the Ngare Raumati iwi (tribe) of Maoris. He is commemorated with the toponyms Marion Island , South Africa and Marion Bay , Tasmania , as well in the name of two successive French oceanic research and supply vessel the Marion Dufresne (1972) and the Marion Dufresne II , which service the French Southern Territories of Amsterdam Island , the Crozet Islands ,
392-516: A one-month period as the ships were prepared for departure. A month later on 7 July Roux searched Te Kauri's deserted pa and found a sailor's cooked head on a spike, as well as human bones near a fire. They left on 12 July 1772. The French buried a bottle at Waipoa on Moturua, containing the arms of France and a formal statement taking possession of the whole country, with the name of "France Australe." However, both published and unpublished accounts of Marion's death circulated widely, giving New Zealand
441-463: A present of fish. Roux said the Maoris were astonished at the blunderbusses he had mounted outside his tent. He noticed the visiting chief taking a close look at the weapons and how they worked, as well as the defences of the camp, and became suspicious of his motives. The chief asked for the guns to be demonstrated and Roux shot a dog. That night more Maoris were found on Moturua Island prowling around
490-519: A significant vegetable garden on Moturua Island. Sixty of the French sailors had developed scurvy and were on shore in a tent hospital. They had been invited to visit local Maoris at their pa – a very rare event – and had slept there overnight. Maoris in return had been invited on board the ships and had slept in the ships overnight. The French officers made a detailed study of the habits and customs of Maoris including greetings, sexual mores, fishing methods,
539-661: A twofold mission to the Pacific. Marion's fellow explorer Louis Antoine de Bougainville had recently returned from the Pacific with a Tahitian native, Ahutoru . Marion was tasked with returning Ahutoru to his homeland, and then to explore the south Pacific for the hypothetical Terra Australis Incognita . For these purposes Marion was given two ships, the Mascarin and the Marquis de Castries and departed on 18 October 1771. Marion spent most of his personal fortune on outfitting
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#1732776045062588-564: Is a mountain in the south-east of Tasmania , Australia. It is the summit of the Wellington Range and is within Wellington Park reserve. Hobart , Tasmania's capital city , is located at the foot of the mountain. The mountain rises 1,271 metres (4,170 ft) above sea level and is frequently covered by snow, at times even in summer, and the lower slopes are thickly forested, but crisscrossed by many walking tracks and
637-758: Is administered by the Wellington Park Management Trust established in 1993 whose members include: Hobart and Glenorchy City Councils, Tasmania Parks and Wildlife Service , DPIPWE , TasWater and Tourism Tasmania . The Wellington Park Management Trust is outlined in the Wellington Park Act 1993 . This Australian protected areas-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Mount Wellington (Tasmania) Mount Wellington , also known as kunanyi ( palawa kani : / k uː ˈ n ɑː n j iː / ) and gazetted as kunanyi / Mount Wellington
686-420: Is composed of huge angular masses of naked greenstone. Its elevation is 3,100 feet [940 m] above the level of the sea. The day was splendidly clear, and we enjoyed a most extensive view; to the north, the country appeared a mass of wooded mountains, of about the same height with that on which we were standing, and with an equally tame outline: to the south the broken land and water, forming many intricate bays,
735-531: Is one of a handful of Australian locations to have never recorded a temperature above 30 °C (86 °F), its highest temperature being 29.8 °C (85.6 °F), most recently recorded on 31 January 2020, automatically putting it within American Horticultural Society heat zone 1; the average yearly record high is around 26.4 °C (79.5 °F). The mountain significantly influences Hobart's weather, and intending visitors to
784-518: Is one of the only locations in Australia to routinely experience sub-freezing daily maxima, with more than 1 in 10 days in both July and August expected to be ice days, and experiencing the coldest daily highs in Tasmanian history at −5.0 °C (23.0 °F) on 5 September 1995 and 11 August 2005. Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne (22 May 1724 – 12 June 1772)
833-450: Is −9.1 °C (15.6 °F) recorded on 3 September 1993, extreme for Australia and Tasmania though not especially so, lying outside the top 10 readings and top 7 locations for the state with its exposed, maritime aspect; its average yearly record low of around −6.4 °C (20.5 °F) places it within USDA hardiness zone 9a and Australian National Botanic Gardens hardiness zone 2. It
882-621: The Crozet Islands before sailing towards New Zealand and Australia. His ships spent several days in Tasmania , where Marion Bay in the south-east is named after him. He was the first European to encounter the Aboriginal Tasmanians . Marion sighted New Zealand 's Mount Taranaki on 25 March 1772, and named the mountain Pic Mascarin without knowing that James Cook had named it "Mount Egmont" three years earlier. Over
931-525: The Kerguelen Islands , and Saint Paul Island . Born in Saint Malo in 1724 into the non-noble, but wealthy, Marion family of shipowners and merchants, he eventually inherited a farm 'Le Fresne' near the village of Saint-Jean-sur-Vilaine and styled himself Marion Dufresne (or in some instances Dufresne-Marion). He was never known simply as (or signed himself) 'Du Fresne', but this has become
980-528: The Australian continental shelf tore away from Antarctica , and separated from Gondwana over 40 million years ago. A small volcanic vent was active about 300m south of the Pinnacle during Tertiary times, between 50 and 10 million years ago. The Aboriginal people of the area referred to Mount Wellington as kunanyi (or ungyhaletta ), poorawetter (or pooranetere , also pooranetteri ). The Palawa,
1029-399: The Maoris fleeing back to Te Kauri's pa. The French attacked the pa, firing at the defenders, who showered them with spears. The remainder got into canoes and fled. About 250 Maoris including five chiefs were killed in the battle. Many of the French were wounded. Roux, Julien–Marie Crozet and Ambroise Bernard-Marie du Clesmeur took joint command and undertook reprisals against the Maoris over
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#17327760450621078-788: The River Derwent, naming the mountain Skiddaw , after the mountain in the Lake District , although this name never gained popularity. In 1798 Matthew Flinders and George Bass circumnavigated the island. While they were resting in the area Flinders named the river the River Derwent (the name Hayes had given only to the upper part of the river), Flinders referred to the mountain as "Table Mountain" (the name given to it by Bond and Bligh) for its similarity in appearance to Table Mountain in South Africa. d'Entrecasteaux's men were
1127-585: The Springs and the Pinnacle – and elsewhere. Many of the more remote huts have suffered from vandalism, and some are virtually derelict. The road to the summit was constructed in the early 1930s as a relief scheme for the unemployed, an idea initiated by Albert Ogilvie , the premier of Tasmania of the day. While the road is officially known as the Pinnacle Drive, it was for some time also widely known among residents of Hobart as "Ogilvie's Scar" because at
1176-476: The Springs. Throughout the 19th and into the 20th centuries, the mountain was a popular day-resort for residents of Hobart. To that end, many excursion huts were built over the lower slopes of the mountain. However, none of these early huts survive; they were all destroyed during the bushfires of 1967 . Modern huts are open to the public at the Springs, the Pinnacle, the Chalet – a picnic spot about halfway between
1225-596: The astronomer Alexandre Guy Pingré to observe the 1761 transit of Venus in the Indian Ocean. In January 1762 Marion received a grant of 625 argents of land at Quartier Militaire in Mauritius . Although he returned to France in 1764 and 1767, he made the island home in 1768. In October 1770 Marion convinced Pierre Poivre , the civil administrator in Port Louis, to equip him with two ships and send him on
1274-412: The bush, where they had been ambushed, with all the others being killed. In the following days the French came under relentless attack. The next day about 1,200 Maoris surrounded the French, led by Te Kauri. As they approached, Roux ordered Te Kauri shot. Later even more Maori reinforcements arrived. The French decided to abandon the hospital camp. The Maori then stole all the tools and supplies and burnt
1323-425: The camp down. They were close enough that the French could see they were wearing the clothes of Marion and his fellow dead sailors. The French retreated to Moturua Island. That night Maoris again attacked the camp and this time the French opened a general fire. The next day even more Maoris arrived taking their forces to about 1,500 men. The French charged this huge force with 26 armed soldiers and put them to flight,
1372-496: The cliff of dolerite columns known as the Organ Pipes. The low-lying areas and foothills of Mount Wellington were formed by slow geological upsurge when the whole Hobart area was a low-lying cold shallow seabed. The upper reaches of the mountain were formed more violently, as a Sill with a tabular mass of igneous rock that has been intruded laterally between layers of older rock pushing upwards by upsurges of molten rock as
1421-549: The day, and sections may be closed at any time of the year due to snowfalls or icy conditions. Halfway up this road (at 720 metres) is a picnic area called "The Springs", near the site of a chalet/health spa that was destroyed by bushfire in 1967. Mount Wellington was selected by many broadcasters as the site of radio and television transmitters as it provides line-of-sight transmission to a large area of Hobart and surrounding districts. Two steel lattice towers were erected in 1960 to deliver television services to Tasmania, these being
1470-539: The digital TV services for Southern Cross , WIN Television, and Tasmanian Digital Television . The site also contains some data links from local Hobart businesses. An amateur radio repeater is also installed on the mountain. An aerial cable car has been proposed for the mountain on four occasions. On 27 July 2022, the Hobart City Council rejected the planning application on 21 areas of non-compliance. The council received over 16,500 public submissions on
1519-547: The expedition with supplies and crew. He hoped to make a significant profit on the journey by trading with the reportedly wealthy islands of the South Pacific. No part of Marion's mission could be achieved; Ahutoru died of smallpox shortly after embarkation, and the expedition did not locate Terra Australis or make a profit from trade. Instead, Marion discovered first the Prince Edward Islands and then
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1568-696: The first Europeans to sail up the river and chart it. Later Nicholas Baudin led another French expedition in 1802, and while sheltering in the River Derwent (which they referred to as "River du Nord" – the name d'Entrecasteaux had given to it) Baudin also referred to the mountain as "Montagne du Plateau" (also named by d'Entrecasteaux). However, the British first settled in the Hobart area in 1804, resulting in Flinders' name of "Table Mountain" becoming more popular. Table Mountain remained its common name until in 1832 it
1617-829: The hospital camp but ran when sentries approached. Captain du Clesmeur alerted Marion to the rise in suspicious activity, but Marion did not listen. On the afternoon of 12 June 1772 Marion and 15 armed sailors went to Te Kauri's village and then went in the captain's gig to go fishing in his favourite fishing area. Marion and 26 men of his crew were killed. Those killed included de Vaudricourt and Pierre Lehoux (a volunteer), Thomas Ballu of Vannes, Pierre Mauclair (the second pilot) from St Malo, Louis Ménager (the steersman) from Lorient, Vincent Kerneur of Port-Louis, Marc Le Garff from Lorient, Marc Le Corre of Auray, Jean Mestique of Pluvigner, Pierre Cailloche of Languidic and Mathurin Daumalin of Hillion. That night 400 armed Maoris suddenly attacked
1666-446: The hospital camp but were stopped in their tracks by the threat of the multiple blunderbusses. Roux held his fire and realised that they had narrowly escaped being killed in their sleep. One chief told Roux that Te Kauri had killed Marion. At this point longboats full of armed French sailors arrived with the news that Marion and the sailors had been killed. One survivor, who had been spared, told them Maoris had tricked them into going into
1715-542: The mountain's harsh weather conditions. Between 1994 and 1995, the new concrete and steel Broadcast Australia tower ( NTA tower) was constructed, leading to the PMG tower being demolished in January 1997. The NTA tower broadcasts all of Hobart's high-power FM radio stations, plus the digital TV services for ABC and SBS. It also has a small accommodation area at its base, with a kitchen and workshop area. The WIN tower broadcasts
1764-564: The next month, they repaired their two ships and treated their scurvy , first anchoring at Spirits Bay , and later in the Bay of Islands . Apparently their relations with Maoris were peaceful at first; they communicated through the Tahitian vocabulary learned from Ahu-toru and sign language. They befriended many Maoris including Te Kauri (Te Kuri) of the Ngāpuhi iwi (tribe). The French established
1813-668: The proposal, of which 70% were against it. The Mount Wellington Cableway Company (MWCC) then appealed to the Tasmanian Administrative Appeals Tribunal, which in November 2022 upheld the decision of the Hobart City Council, rejecting the proposal on 18 of 26 contested grounds of refusal. The MWCC has not submitted an appeal to the decision. The summit of the mountain has a tundra climate (Köppen ET ; Trewartha Ftkk ) according to
1862-410: The role of females, the making of fern root paste, the killing of prisoners and cannibalism. In these months there were two instances where Maoris were detained. The first had sneaked on board ship and stolen a cutlass. He was detained for a brief period to give him a fright, then released to his friends. Later the Maoris made a night raid on the hospital camp taking away many guns and uniforms. While
1911-524: The soldiers chased the raiders, Maoris slipped back and stole an anchor. Two men were held as hostage against the return of the stolen goods. One of them admitted he had been involved in the theft but accused Te Kauri of being involved. Marion, finding the men bound, ordered them unbound and released. Later an armed party of Maoris approached the French as if to challenge them, but the French understood enough tikanga to make peace with them by exchanging gifts. No French witness to Marion's death survived and it
1960-472: The south east coast of the island – coming closer in near present-day North and Marion Bays . No other Europeans visited Tasmania until the late eighteenth century, when several visited southern Tasmania (then referred to as Van Diemens Land ), including Frenchman Marion du Fresne (1772), Englishmen Tobias Furneaux (1773), James Cook (1777) and William Bligh (1788 and 1792), and Frenchman Bruni d'Entrecasteaux (1792–93). In 1793 John Hayes arrived at
2009-658: The standard Köppen–Geiger and Trewartha climate classification systems , as a maritime polar climate according to the Australian Bureau of Meteorology classification system. Using Otto Nordenskjöld 's alternative polar isotherm, it could be considered to have a subpolar oceanic climate (Köppen Cfc ) or a maritime sub(ant)arctic climate (Trewartha Eo ), though extreme winds—having been recorded at sustained speeds of over 157 kilometres per hour (98 mph), with rare gusts of up to 200 kilometres per hour (120 mph)—prevent tree cover. Its record low temperature
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2058-418: The summit are advised to dress warmly against the often icy winds. In the winter it frequently snows and the mountain is often snowcapped. Lighter snowfalls in spring, summer and autumn are also common. A day on the summit can consist of clear sunny skies, then rain, snow, icy winds and clear again. Only in the months of January and February is it expected that fewer than 3 days will record a frost, and its summit
2107-425: The surviving descendants of the original Aboriginal Tasmanians, tend to prefer the latter name. In 2013, the Tasmanian government announced a dual naming policy and "kunanyi / Mount Wellington" was named as one of the inaugural dual named geographic features. The first recorded European in the area, Abel Tasman , probably did not see the mountain in 1642, as his ship was quite a distance out to sea as he sailed up
2156-561: The time it was constructed "the Mountain" was heavily logged and almost bare, and the road was an all-too-obvious scar across the already denuded mountain. Today the trees have grown again, but the "scar" most people see today is not actually the road but a line of large rocks with no trees 50–100 m above the road, provided as an easement for power lines. The road itself was opened on 23 January 1937, after two years of work, by Governor Sir Ernest Clark . The road carries tourist traffic during
2205-479: The two crews, or that Marion's crew, possibly unwittingly, broke several tapu laws related to their not carrying out the rituals required before the cutting down of kauri trees, or breaking of tapu by fishing in Manawaora Bay. An account told by a Ngāpuhi elder to John White (ethnographer 1826–1891), but not published until 1965, describes Te Kauri and Tohitapu as leading the military resolution to
2254-416: Was a French privateer, East India captain and explorer. The expedition he led to find the hypothetical Terra Australis in 1771 made important geographic discoveries in the south Indian Ocean and anthropological discoveries in Tasmania and New Zealand . In New Zealand they spent longer living on shore than any previous European expedition. Half way through the expedition's stay Marion was killed during
2303-623: Was decided to rename the mountain in honour of the Duke of Wellington who, with Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in present-day Belgium on 18 June 1815. In February 1836, Charles Darwin visited Hobart Town and climbed Mount Wellington. In his book The Voyage of the Beagle , Darwin described the mountain thus: "... In many parts the Eucalypti grew to
2352-411: Was mapped with clearness before us. ..." The first weather station was set up on Mount Wellington in 1895 by Clement Lindley Wragge . Mount Wellington has played host to some notorious characters over time, especially the bushranger John "Rocky" Whelan , who murdered several travellers in the middle of the 19th century. The cave where he lived is known as "Rocky Whelan's Cave", and is an easy walk from
2401-417: Was some time before his crew were aware of his fate. Two contemporary accounts were written by French officers, Jean Roux and Ambroise du Clesmeur. During the night of 9 June 1772, French sentries at the hospital camp noticed about six Maoris prowling. In the morning it was discovered that Maoris had also been prowling around a second camp where the French had been making masts. The next day Maoris arrived with
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