Coffee culture is the set of traditions and social behaviors that surround the consumption of coffee , particularly as a social lubricant . The term also refers to the cultural diffusion and adoption of coffee as a widely consumed stimulant. In the late 20th century, espresso became an increasingly dominant drink contributing to coffee culture, particularly in the Western world and other urbanized centers around the globe.
56-577: Welling is a town in South East London , England , in the London Borough of Bexley , 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west of Bexleyheath , 4 miles (6.4 km) southeast of Woolwich and 10.5 miles (16.9 km) of Charing Cross . It was part of Kent prior to the creation of Greater London in 1965. Local legend has it that Welling is so called because in the era of horse-drawn vehicles it could be said you were "well in" to Kent, or had
112-599: A Sufi saint who introduced coffee beans from Yemen to the hills of Chikmagalur , Karnataka, in 1670. Since then coffee plantations have become established in the region, extending south to Kodagu . Gabriel de Clieu brought coffee seedlings to Martinique in the Caribbean in 1720. Those sprouts flourished and 50 years later there were 18,680 coffee trees in Martinique enabling the spread of coffee cultivation to Saint-Domingue ( Haiti ), Mexico and other islands of
168-407: A "well end" to the journey up and down Shooters Hill which, at the time was steep, had a poor road surface and was a notorious haunt of highwaymen . Until the 1800s, most of Welling down to Blackfen was covered in woodland which offered excellent concealment for outlaws and robbers who would prey on vulnerable slow-moving horse-drawn traffic. However, local historians have recently concluded that
224-579: A 1952 ad campaign of the Pan-American Coffee Bureau which urged consumers to "give yourself a Coffee-Break — and Get What Coffee Gives to You." John B. Watson , a behavioural psychologist who worked with Maxwell House later in his career, helped popularise coffee breaks within American culture. Coffee competitions take place across the globe with people at the regional competing to achieve national titles and then compete on
280-457: A Pentecostal Church. Secondary schools in Welling include: Primary schools in Welling include: The "Old Koffi Pot" café, dating from the 1930s was until the early 1990s known as 'Ferrara's'. The venue was well known locally for its ice cream and enjoyed its heyday at the height of the 1960s cafe culture , when young people from Kent and South East London would call in for refreshments on
336-521: A common mid-morning and mid-afternoon practice at workplaces in Sweden, fika may also function partially as an informal meeting between co-workers and management people, and it may even be considered impolite not to join in. Fika often takes place in a meeting room or a designated fika room. A sandwich, some fruit, or a small meal may be called fika like the English concept of afternoon tea . In
392-468: A large role in history and literature because of the effects of the industry on cultures where it is produced and consumed. Coffee is often regarded as one of the primary economic goods used in imperial control of trade. The colonised trade patterns in goods, such as slaves, coffee, and sugar, defined Brazilian trade for centuries. Coffee in culture or trade is a central theme and prominently referenced in poetry, fiction, and regional history. A coffee break
448-586: A local grant giving charity called the East Wickham & Welling War Memorial Trust[1] using the revenue from the old hall to fund grants in the area. Its main aim is remember the men of the district who were killed in World War One so a new War Memorial was built in 1996. Its charitable aim is to help local groups with rents on their meeting places or to help groups maintain their halls. Other grants help young people with adventurous activities and there
504-478: A prominent feature of Ottoman life. There are various scholarly perspectives on the functions of the Ottoman coffeehouse . Many of these argue that Ottoman coffeehouses were centres of important social ritual, making them as, or more important than, the coffee itself. "At the start of the modern age, the coffeehouses were places for renegotiating the social hierarchy and for challenging the social order". Throughout
560-638: A type of café known as the LAN Café , which allows users to have access to computers that already have PC games installed. Many social aspects of coffee can be seen in the modern-day lifestyle. By absolute volume, the United States is the largest market for coffee , followed by Germany and Japan , with Canada , Australia , Sweden and New Zealand also being large coffee-consuming countries. Countries in Northern and Western Europe consume
616-591: Is a routine social gathering for a snack or short downtime by employees in various work industries. Allegedly originating in the late 19th century by the wives of Norwegian immigrants, in Stoughton, Wisconsin , it is celebrated there every year with the Stoughton Coffee Break Festival. In 1951, Time magazine noted that "since the war, the coffee break has been written into union contracts". The term subsequently became popular through
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#1732772303597672-536: Is an annual academic bursary. In 2006 it gave grants totaling £47,000. As part of a re-investment programme, the Trust sold the Hall for a housing redevelopment in 2007. A major upgrade of paving and street lighting was completed in the autumn of 2005. The retention or removal of a section of westbound bus lane from Welling High Street became one of the few specific local issues on which the main political parties disagreed in
728-464: Is basically a coffee break with sweet breads or sometimes pastries , although coffee can be replaced by tea , juice , lemonade , hot chocolate , or squash for children. The tradition has spread throughout Swedish businesses around the world. Fika is a social institution in Sweden and the practice of taking a break with a beverage and snack is widely accepted as central to Swedish life. As
784-528: Is divided into five sub-regions for the purposes of the London Plan . The boundaries of these areas were amended in 2008 and 2011 and their role in the implementation of the London Plan has varied with each iteration. Sub-regions are a feature of the London Plan intended to encourage partnership working across London borough boundaries. From 2004 to 2008, the sub-regions were initially the same as
840-531: Is increasing as of 2021. A coffeehouse or café is an establishment that primarily serves coffee, as well as other beverages. Historically, cafés have been important social gathering places in Europe, and continue to be venues of social interaction today. During the 16th century, coffeehouses were temporarily banned in Mecca due to a fear that they attracted political uprising. In 2016, Albania surpassed Spain as
896-737: Is located at Welling corner. This Russian weapon is a 36-pounder carronade (calibre 6.75 inches – weight 17 cwt) of a type used during the Crimean War (1854 to 1860), displayed on a simple wooden replica carriage. The carronade was in service from 1780 to 1860 and is now on loan from the Royal Artillery Museum in Woolwich as a reminder of Welling's early association with the Royal Arsenal , Woolwich, when huts at East Wickham were built as homes for munitions workers in
952-689: Is popular in Turkey, the Eastern Mediterranean, and southeastern Europe. Coffeehouse culture had a strong cultural penetration in much of the former Ottoman Empire , where Turkish coffee remains the dominant style of preparation. The coffee enjoyed in the Ottoman Middle East was produced in Yemen/Ethiopia, despite multiple attempts to ban the substance for its stimulating qualities. By 1600, coffee and coffeehouses were
1008-589: Is served by London Buses routes 51 , 89 , 96 , 486 , B15 , B16 and N89 . These connect it with places including Barnehurst , Bexleyheath , Blackfen , Blackheath , Bluewater , Charlton , Crayford , Dartford , Eltham , Falconwood , Kidbrooke , Lewisham , North Greenwich , Orpington , Plumstead , Shooters Hill , Sidcup , Slade Green , St Mary Cray and Woolwich . Welling has two Non-League football clubs Welling United F.C. & Erith & Belvedere F.C. , who both play at Park View Road. South East (London sub region) Greater London
1064-717: The Learning and Skills Council areas set up in 1999. These 2004–2008 sub-regions each had a Sub-Regional Development Framework . The sub-regions were revised in February 2008 as part of the Further Alterations to the London Plan . The 2008–2011 sub-regions, each had its own Sub-regional Implementation Framework . In 2011, the sub-regions were revised again. The 2011 sub-regions are used for statutory monitoring, engagement and resource allocation. The sub-regions have remained static since 2011, unchanged in
1120-649: The Nordic countries , strong black coffee is also regularly consumed during or immediately after main meals such as lunch and dinner and several times a day at work or school. In these countries, especially Germany and Sweden, restaurants and cafés will often provide free refills of black coffee, especially if customers purchase a sweet treat or pastry with their drink. In the United States, coffee shops are typically used as meeting spots for business, and are frequented as dating spots for young adults. Coffee has played
1176-882: The Republic of Venice from Egypt. The first coffeehouse in England was opened in St. Michael's Alley in Cornhill, London . The proprietor was Pasqua Rosée , the servant of Daniel Edwards, a trader in Turkish goods. By 1675, there were more than 3,000 coffeehouses throughout England. In 1658 the Dutch first used them to begin coffee cultivation in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) and later in southern India; but abandoned this cultivation to focus on their Javanese plantations in order to avoid lowering
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#17327723035971232-726: The 15th century, coffee was known to be a beverage used in the Ottoman Empire . Later, in the early 16th century coffee was forbidden by conservative imams but a fatwa by the Grand Mufti Ebussuud Efendi overturned this ban. Also during this period, coffee plants spread from Africa to the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant and Persia. From the Middle East, coffee drinking spread to Italy, then to
1288-533: The 1920s, mostly wealthy people or those with higher socioeconomic status could afford to drink coffee whereas ordinary people were rarely able to afford the drink, which was more expensive than traditional beverages. Yuenyeung (coffee with tea) was invented in Hong Kong in 1936. An American college course entitled "Design of Coffee" is part of the chemical engineering curriculum at University of California, Davis . A research facility devoted to coffee research
1344-584: The 19th century a special coffee house culture developed in Vienna, the Viennese coffee house , which then spread throughout Central Europe . Les Deux Magots in Paris, now a popular tourist attraction, was once associated with the intellectuals Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir . Elements of modern coffeehouses include slow-paced gourmet service, alternative brewing techniques, and inviting decor. In
1400-602: The 2016 published plan and 2019 draft plan. Coffee culture The culture surrounding coffee and coffeehouses dates back to 16th-century Turkey . Coffeehouses in Western Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean were not only social hubs but also artistic and intellectual centres. In the late 17th and 18th centuries, coffeehouses in London became popular meeting places for artists, writers, and socialites , as well as centres for political and commercial activity. In
1456-546: The Caribbean. The French territory of Saint-Domingue saw coffee cultivated starting in 1734, and by 1788 supplied half the world's coffee. Coffee had a major influence on the geography of Latin America. For many decades in the 19th and early 20th centuries, Brazil was the biggest producer of coffee and a virtual monopolist in the trade. However, a policy of maintaining high prices soon opened opportunities to other nations, such as Venezuela and Colombia . Worldwide production
1512-579: The Great War. The former Foster's School building in Upper Wickham Lane is a local landmark. The school relocated to Westbrooke Road in Welling and its original site was converted to residential use (retaining the old Grade II listed main school building and headmaster's house). Further north of the original site is the 12th-century former St Michael's, East Wickham church, now used by a Greek Orthodox congregation. A new St Michael's church
1568-432: The United States, coffee culture is often used to describe the ubiquitous presence of espresso stands and coffee shops in metropolitan areas, along with the spread of massive, international franchises such as Starbucks . Many coffee shops offer access to free wireless internet for customers, encouraging business or personal work at these locations. Coffee culture varies by country, state, and city. In urban centres around
1624-589: The World Latte art championship, World Cup Tasters championship, a Coffee Roasters championship and a Cezve / Ibrik championship. In 2016, Albania surpassed Spain by becoming the country with the most coffeehouses per capita in the world. There are 654 coffeehouses per 100,000 inhabitants in Albania, a country with only 2.5 million inhabitants. This is due to coffeehouses closing down in Spain because of
1680-428: The approach to the local Bexley Council elections held on 4 May 2006. The incoming Conservative administration immediately revoked the bus lane. The MECCA bingo hall in Upper Wickham Lane has ceased trading, apparently one of nine in England unsuited to operate after the national ban on smoking in public places. This large building, which originally was an Odeon cinema is operating now as Freedom Centre International,
1736-451: The coffee house and discussed new projects, theories and worldviews. A lot of information was also obtained in the coffee house, because local and foreign newspapers were freely available to all guests. This multicultural atmosphere and culture was largely destroyed by the later National Socialism and Communism and only persisted in individual places that remained in the slipstream of history, such as Vienna or Trieste . Trieste in particular
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1792-530: The counter, as opposed to taking it to-go. Italians serve espresso as the default coffee, do not flavor espresso, and traditionally never drink cappuccinos after 11 a.m. In fact, dairy-based espresso drinks are usually only enjoyed in the morning. A macchiato is an espresso shot with a splash of milk. The oldest cafe in Italy is Caffe Florian in Venice . In terms of coffee consumption, the city of Trieste , once
1848-488: The country with the most coffeehouses per capita in the world. In fact, there are 654 coffeehouses per 100,000 inhabitants in Albania; a country with only 2.5 million inhabitants. Café culture in China has multiplied over the years: Shanghai alone has an estimated 6,500 coffeehouses, including small chains and larger corporations like Starbucks. Additionally, Seoul, South Korea, has a high concentration of coffeehouses. There
1904-439: The economic crisis, whereas Albania had an equal amount of cafés opening and closing. Also, the fact that it is one of the easiest ways to make a living after the fall of communism in Albania, together with the country's Ottoman legacy, further reinforces the strong dominance of the nation's coffee culture. In Esperanto culture , a gufujo (plural gufujoj) is a non-alcoholic, non-smoking, makeshift European-style café that opens in
1960-584: The empire in northern Italy. In France, coffee consumption is also often viewed as a social activity and exists largely within the café culture. Espresso based drinks, including but not limited to café au lait and caffè crema , are most popular within modern French coffee culture. Notably in Northern Europe , coffee parties are a popular form of entertainment. The host or hostess of the coffee party also serves cake and pastries, which are sometimes homemade. In Germany , Netherlands , Austria , and
2016-484: The evening. Esperanto speakers meet at a specified location, either a rented space or someone's house, and enjoy live music or readings with tea, coffee, pastries, etc. There may be a cash payment required as expected in an actual café. It is a calm atmosphere in direct contrast to the wild parties that other Esperanto speakers might be having elsewhere. Gufujoj were originally intended for people who dislike crowds, loud noise and partying. In Italy , locals drink coffee at
2072-590: The existence of the coffeehouse, banning of women from the houses was quite prevalent. They were banned from visiting them in England however; they often frequented them in parts of Germany. The ban may have been due to the 1674 "Women's Petition Against Coffee" which stated: "The Excessive Use of that Newfangled, Abominable, Heathenish Liquor called COFFEE has Eunucht our Husbands, and Crippled our more kind Gallants, that they are become as Impotent, as Age." Coffee has been important in Austrian and French culture since
2128-633: The international stage. World Coffee Events holds the largest of such events – the World Coffee Championships – in a different location each year. The competition includes the World Barista Championship – a competition that judges Baristas worldwide on drink taste, presentation, technique, and cleanliness – the World Brewer's Cup – a competition that judges coffee brewers on hand-brewed filter coffee –
2184-749: The late 15th century; the Sufi shaykh Muhammad ibn Sa'id al-Dhabhani, the Mufti of Aden , is known to have imported goods from Ethiopia to Yemen . Yemeni sufis drank coffee to help in concentration when they chanted the name of God. By 1414, the plant was known in Mecca , and in the early 16th century was spreading to the Mamluk Sultanate in Egypt and North Africa from the Yemeni port of Mokha . During
2240-612: The late 19th and early 20th centuries. Vienna's coffeehouses are prominent in Viennese culture and known internationally, while Paris was instrumental in the development of " café society " in the first half of the 20th century. The Viennese coffee house culture then spread across Central Europe . Scientists and artists met in the special microcosm of the Viennese coffee houses of the Habsburg Empire . The artists, musicians, intellectuals, bon vivants and their financiers met in
2296-414: The most coffee per capita, with Finland typically occupying the top spot with a per-capita consumption of 12 kg (26 lb) per year, followed by Norway , Iceland , Denmark , The Netherlands , and Sweden . Consumption has vastly increased in recent years in the traditionally tea-drinking United Kingdom , but is still below 5 kg (11 lb) per person per year as of 2005. Turkish coffee
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2352-546: The origin of the name is most likely from 'Welwyn' (meaning 'place of the spring'), due to the existence of an underground spring located at Welling Corner, or possibly a manorial reference to the Willing family, who lived in the area in 1301. The town was referred to as 'Wellen' in John Ogilby's 1675 road atlas. The East Wickham part of Welling is probably one of the oldest settlements in this area. A Neolithic stone axe
2408-707: The popular student areas such as Kanda. These kissaten were centralized in estate areas around railway stations with around 200 stores in Shinjuku alone. Globalization made the coffee chain stores start appearing in the 1980s. In 1982, the All Japan Coffee Association stated that there were 162,000 stores in Japan. The import volume doubled from 1970 to 1980 from 89,456 to 194,294 tons. Swedes have fika ( pronounced [ˈfîːka] ) ( back slang of kaffi (coffee, dialectal )), which
2464-539: The port of Austria-Hungary , stands out, because inhabitants from Trieste drink an average of 1500 cups of coffee per year and capita; about twice the average that is drunk elsewhere in Italy. In 1888, the first coffeehouse opened in Japan , known as Kahiichakan, which means a café that provides coffee and tea. In the 1970s, many kissaten (coffee-tea shop) appeared around the Tokyo area such as Shinjuku , Ginza , and in
2520-517: The present-day London Borough of Bexley . For five years after 1990, the headquarters of the far-right British National Party (formed in 1982) were based in Welling. The area became the scene of anti-racist riots in 1993 . Bexley Council shut down the BNP Headquarters in 1995. In 1992 a group of local people, led by local Councillor Nigel Betts, revived the old Memorial Hall Trust which was set up in 1921. In 1995 it started operation as
2576-508: The price by oversupply. Within a few years, the Dutch colonies ( Java in Asia, Suriname in the Americas) had become the main suppliers of coffee to Europe. The Dutch also introduced it to Japan in the 17th century, it remained a curiosity until the lifting of trade restrictions in 1858 (the first European-style coffeehouse opened in Tokyo in 1888). Coffee also came to India from Baba Budan ,
2632-653: The railway. Later, when the Danson estate was sold to developers, the land to the south was opened up to suburban sprawl and the settlement incorporated the local parishes of St Michael's East Wickham and St Johns Welling The area was part of the Municipal Borough of Bexley in the administrative county of Kent until, in 1965, the borough was abolished under the London Government Act 1963 and its area transferred to Greater London to form part of
2688-718: The rest of Europe, and coffee plants were transported by the Dutch to the East Indies and to the Americas. Within a year of the Battle of Mohacs (1526) , coffee had reached Vienna by Turks. In Italy, like in most of Europe, coffee arrived in the second half of the 16th century through the commercial routes of the Mediterranean Sea . In 1580 the Venetian botanist and physician Prospero Alpini imported coffee into
2744-544: The strip around visiting or working at coffee shops. Television shows such as NCIS frequently show characters with espresso in hand or distributing to-go cups to other characters. In the television show Friends , the main cast gathers at the fictional coffee shop Central Perk in nearly every episode. Gilmore Girls , a popular show from the early 2000s, depicts the central characters Lorelai Gilmore and her daughter Rory frequently referencing their need for coffee, as well as enjoying coffee at their local diner, Lukes. In
2800-474: The way to or from dancing at the Embassy Ballroom (since demolished to make way for the building of Embassy Court). The "Old Koffi Pot" closed in 2009 for 'economic reasons', but a modern coffee shop has since opened in its place retaining the name "The Koffi Shop" but a brand new black frontage and interior decor have removed any historical link with the original establishment. A large Russian cannon
2856-448: The world, it is not unusual to see several espresso shops and stands within walking distance of one another, or on opposite corners of the same intersection. The term coffee culture is also used in popular business media to describe the deep impact of the market penetration of coffee-serving establishments. The earliest-grown coffee can be traced from Ethiopia. Evidence of knowledge of the coffee tree and coffee drinking first appeared in
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#17327723035972912-707: Was a 900% rise in coffee shops between 2006 and 2011, as well as an 1800% rise in national sales during this same time. There is a coffee Expo in Seoul that attracts many buyers and sellers, and continues to promote the growth of coffee within South Korea. In addition to coffee, many cafés also serve tea , sandwiches , pastries , and other light refreshments. Some cafés provide other services, such as wired or wireless internet access (the name, internet café, has carried over to stores that provide internet service without any coffee) for their customers. This has also spread to
2968-622: Was and is an important point of reference in terms of coffee culture, because it is the most important port and processing location for coffee in Central Europe and Italy. In this diverse coffee house culture of the multicultural Habsburg Empire, various types of coffee preparation also developed. This is how the world-famous cappuccino developed from the Viennese Kapuziner coffee via the Italian-speaking parts of
3024-543: Was built next door in 1933, and the original church became a chapel of ease . It was declared redundant in 1973 and acquired by the Orthodox the following year. Another church in the area is St Mary's Church, Welling , a daughter church of St Michael's, which was built in 1955 and which contains a number of examples of 20th-century liturgical art. Welling station connects the area with National Rail services to London Victoria , London Charing Cross , London Cannon Street , Slade Green , Dartford and Gravesend . Welling
3080-450: Was found in East Wickham in 1910, and remains of Roman buildings were unearthed near Danson in 1989. Before opening of the Bexleyheath Line on 1 May 1895, Welling was a village on the main road from London into Kent ( Watling Street ). It had been a traditional staging post for coaches; the presence of three inns along the main road is the result of that. After World War I , Bexley Urban District Council built over 400 houses north of
3136-467: Was under development on the UC Davis campus in early 2017. Trieste is the seat of the Universita del Caffe, founded in 1999 by Illy. This competence center was created to spread the culture of quality coffee through training all over the world, to train Barrista and to carry out research and innovation. Coffee culture frequently appears in comics, television, and film in varied ways. The comic strips Adam and Pearls Before Swine frequently centre
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