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96-923: Werefkin was born to Elizabeth née Daragan (1834–1885) and Vladimir Nikolayevich Veryovkin (1821–1896), commander of the Yekaterinburg Regiment in Tula , the capital of the Tula Governorate . Her father was of Russian nobility whose ancestors came from Moscow. He made a career in the Imperial Russian Army , becoming a general and finally commander of the Peter and Paul Fortress in Saint Petersburg . Her mother belonged to an old family of Cossack princes, whose father, Lieutenant general Peter Mikhailovich Daragan (1800–1875),

192-618: A 27-year relationship with Alexej von Jawlensky . Werefkin was more advanced in painting than Jawlensky was and had decided to train and support the penniless military officer who was five years her junior. In 1896, after the death of Werefkin's father, which would provide Werefkin with a noble Tsarist pension of 7,000 rubles per annum, she moved to Munich with her 11-year old lady's maid Helene Nesnakomoff  [ de ] and Jawlensky. Werefkin's annual pension at that time corresponded to around twenty-two thousand German mark . Werefkin's rather young 'lady's maid', Nesnakomoff, had come to

288-702: A four-link system for the organisation of local authorities, which includes: the Head of Yekaterinburg, who serves as the chairman of the Yekaterinburg City Duma, the Yekaterinburg City Duma, the Administration of the City of Yekaterinburg, and the Chamber of Accounts. According to the charter of Yekaterinburg, the highest official of the municipal formation is the mayor of Yekaterinburg. The mayor

384-660: A hunting accident in which she accidentally shot her right hand, the painter's hand. Werefkin's first artistically important work phase was before 1890 when she made a name for herself in the realistic painting as the "Russian Rembrandt " of the Tsarist Empire . Some works have been preserved, others can only be verified through photos, and many have disappeared. After 1890, Werefkin modernized her painting style and switched to En plein air painting with traits of Eastern European Impressionism . Only two paintings from this period appear to exist. In 1892 Werefkin entered into

480-603: A known artist), at the time of the birth both Nesnakomoff and Jawlensky had returned for more than one year to Russia. In November 1902 Werefkin began writing her Lettres à un Inconnu (Letters to an Unknown) as a kind of diary, which she finished in 1906. A year later she went to Normandy with the Russian painter Alexander von Salzmann  [ de ] , while Jawlensky stayed in Munich. Jawlensky's painting Die Werefkin im Profil  [ de ] (The Werefkin in profile)

576-540: A message to the Collegium of Mining , in which he asked permission to begin construction of the plant, with detailed explanations and justification for this project. On 1 March 1721, without waiting for a response from the Collegium, Tatishchev began construction of the new plant, but he failed to convince Collegium, and by the Collegium decree of 10 December 1721, he was removed from the leadership of mining affairs in

672-547: A municipal division, the City of Yekaterinburg is incorporated as Yekaterinburg Urban Okrug. (2019) (2019) Each district is not a municipal formation, and the historical centre of the city is divided into five inner-city districts (except Chkalovsky and Ordzhonikidzevsky). A district named Akademicheskiy was formed from the parts of Leninsky and Verkh-Isetsky districts on 3 January 2020. On 1 October 2021, more settlements were transferred from Verkh-Isetsky to Akademicheskiy district. The Charter of Yekaterinburg establishes

768-769: A result, the Central Urals are open to the invasion of cold arctic air and continental air from the West Siberian Plain. Equally, warm air masses from the Caspian Sea and the deserts of Central Asia can freely penetrate from the south. Therefore, the weather in Yekaterinburg is characterised by sharp temperature fluctuations and weather anomalies: in winter, from frost at −40 °C to thaw and rain; in summer, from frosts to temperatures above 35 °C (95 °F). The distribution of precipitation

864-614: A working settlement 2 versts from Yekaterinburg upstream ('verkh' in Russian) the Iset River. The plant's dam formed the Verkh-Isetsky pond. Colloquially called by the Russian acronym VIZ, it was a satellite town until in 1926, with a population of over 20,000 people by this time, it was incorporated into Yekaterinburg as the core of the Verkh-Isetsky district. Yekaterinburg was one of the industrial cities of Russia prompted at

960-814: Is a city and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast and the Ural Federal District , Russia. The city is located on the Iset River between the Volga-Ural region and Siberia , with a population of roughly 1.5 million residents, up to 2.2 million residents in the urban agglomeration. Yekaterinburg is the fourth-largest city in Russia, the largest city in the Ural Federal District, and one of Russia's main cultural and industrial centres. Yekaterinburg has been dubbed

1056-618: Is determined by the circulation of air masses, relief, and air temperatures. The main part of the precipitation is brought by cyclones with a western air mass transfer, that is, from the European part of Russia, while their average annual amount is 601 mm. The maximum falls on a warm season, during which about 60–70% of the annual amount falls. For the winter period is characterized by snow cover with an average capacity of 40–50 cm. The coefficient of moistening(the ratio of yearly precipitation and potential evaporation ) – 1. According to

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1152-501: Is elected by universal suffrage, but since 3 April 2018, the procedure for direct elections of the mayor of the City of Yekaterinburg was abolished. The mayor of the city is endowed with representative powers and powers to organize activities and guide the activities of the City Duma. In addition, the mayor of the city exercises other powers such as concluding a contract with the head of the city administration and ensuring compliance with

1248-432: Is endowed with its own powers to resolve issues of local importance, but it is under the control and accountable to the Yekaterinburg City Duma. The building of the Administration of Yekaterinburg is located on 1905 Square . The Chamber of Accounts is a permanently operating body of external municipal financial control. The Chamber is formed by the apparatus of the City Duma and is accountable to it. The Chamber consists of

1344-595: Is exercised by the governor of Sverdlovsk Oblast, the legislative power by the legislative assembly of Sverdlovsk Oblast, and the judicial power by the Sverdlovsk Regional Court, located in the building of the Palace of Justice. The building serving the regional government is the White House and the building serving the legislative assembly is located next to it on October Square. The ministries of

1440-632: Is in North Asia, close to the Ural Mountains (which divide Europe from Asia), 1,667 km (1,036 mi) east of the nation's capital Moscow. The city has a total area of 1,111 km (429 sq mi). Yekaterinburg is on the eastern side of the Urals. The city is surrounded by wooded hills, partially cultivated for agricultural purposes. Yekaterinburg is located on a natural watershed, so there would be many bodies of water close and in

1536-568: Is located about 7 kilometres northwest of the provincial town of Utena in Vyžuonėlės Park, which was declared a Lithuanian natural monument in 1958. Werefkin regarded the estate and the landscape there as her real home. In 1880, Werefkin became a private student of Ilya Repin , the most important representative of the Peredvizhniki ("wandering painters"), who represented Russian Realism . Through Repin, Werefkin came into contact with

1632-824: Is presented in the permanent collection of the Museo communale d'arte moderna in Ascona. The artist is the namesake of the " Marianne-Werefkin-Preis  [ de ] ", which has been awarded by the Verein der Berliner Künstlerinnen (Association of Berlin Artists) to contemporary female artists every two years. Quoted from: "Marianne von Werefkin in Murnau - Kunst und Theorie, Vorbilder und Künstlerfreunde", Katalog einer Sonderausstellung im Schloßmuseum Murnau , bearbeitet von Brigitte Salmen. Yekaterinburg Yekaterinburg

1728-533: The Neue Zürcher Zeitung , in which her impressions of a trip to Italy with Ernst Alfred Aye  [ de ] were subsequently printed. In 1928, Werefkin wrote and painted her Ascona Impressions, which she dedicated to the Zürich art critic Hans Trog (1864–1928). In the same year, she met Diego Hagmann (1894-1986) and his wife Carmen (1905-2001), who saved her from greater economic hardship. In

1824-529: The Bolshevik leader Yakov Sverdlov . During the Soviet era, Sverdlovsk was turned into an industrial and administrative powerhouse. On 23 September 1991 the city returned to its historical name. Yekaterinburg is one of Russia's most important economic centres and was one of the host cities of the 2018 FIFA World Cup . The city is currently experiencing an economic and population boom, which resulted in some of

1920-606: The Bronze Age , the people of Gamayun culture lived in the area. They left fragments of ceramics, weapons, and ornaments. Archaeological artifacts in the vicinity of Yekaterinburg were first discovered during railway construction, at the end of the 19th century. Excavation and research began in the 20th century. Artifacts are held at the Sverdlovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore , at the Hermitage , at

2016-713: The Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant in Chelyabinsk oblast , and Uralmash in Sverdlovsk. During this time, the population of Sverdlovsk tripled in size, and it became one of the fastest-growing cities of the Soviet Union. At that time, very large powers were given to the regional authorities. By the end of the 1930s, there were 140 industrial enterprises, 25 research institutes, and 12 higher education institutions in Sverdlovsk. During World War II,

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2112-464: The German state of Bavaria . It is part of the city borough 4 ( Schwabing-West ) and the city borough 12 ( Schwabing-Freimann ). The population of Schwabing is estimated at 100,000, making it one of the largest districts of Munich. The main boulevard is Leopoldstraße . (For further information on the Munich boroughs, see Boroughs of Munich .) Schwabing was a village, with a church documented in

2208-477: The Holy Trinity Cathedral in the city. Other religions practised in Yekaterinburg include Islam , Old Believers , Catholicism , Protestantism , and Judaism . Yekaterinburg has a significant Muslim community, but it suffers from a lack of worship space: there are only two small mosques . Another mosque was built in the nearby city of Verkhnyaya Pyshma . On 24 November 2007, the first stone

2304-501: The Mesolithic period . The Isetskoe Pravoberezhnoye I archaeological site contains a Neolithic settlement dated to 6000–5000 BC. It includes stone processing workshops with artefacts such as grinding plates, anvils, clumps of rock, tools, and finished products. Over 50 different types of rock and minerals were used in tool making, indicating extensive knowledge of the region's natural resources. The Gamayun peninsula (left bank of

2400-507: The SCO and BRIC summits were held in Yekaterinburg, which greatly improved the economic, cultural, and tourist situation in the city. On 13–16 July 2010, a meeting between Russian President Dmitry Medvedev and German Chancellor Angela Merkel took place in the city. In 2018, Yekaterinburg hosted four matches of the 2018 FIFA World Cup and hosted the inaugural University International Sports Festival in 2023. Geographically, Yekaterinburg

2496-1136: The Technical University of Munich and Academy of Fine Arts are situated in the nearby Maxvorstadt . A student housing area called " Studentenstadt " (literally, "student city") is located in the north of Schwabing. The gentrification of Schwabing and various construction projects led to various protests around the year 2011. Schwabing became very famous especially during the reign of Prince Regent Luitpold when numerous artists like Ludwig Ganghofer , Heinrich Mann , Thomas Mann , Oskar Panizza , Otto Julius Bierbaum , Frank Wedekind , Ernst von Wolzogen , Gustav Meyrink , Rainer Maria Rilke , Isolde Kurz , Ludwig Thoma , Max Halbe , Annette Kolb , Stefan George , Karl Wolfskehl , Ludwig Klages , Roda Roda , Christian Morgenstern , Max Dauthendey , Mechtilde Lichnowsky , Lion Feuchtwanger , Leonhard Frank , Joachim Ringelnatz , Claire Goll , Oskar Maria Graf , Hugo Ball , Hermann Kesten , Thomas Theodor Heine , Olaf Gulbransson , Bruno Paul , Eduard Thöny and Rudolf Wilke lived or worked there. Lenin

2592-750: The tallest skyscrapers of Russia being located in the city. Yekaterinburg is home to the headquarters of the Central Military District of the Russian Armed Forces , as well as the presidium of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences . Yekaterinburg is famous for its constructivist architecture and is also considered the "Russian capital of street art ". The area was settled in prehistory. The earliest settlements date to 8000–7000 BC, in

2688-611: The "Third capital of Russia", as it is ranked third by the size of its economy, culture, transportation and tourism. Yekaterinburg was founded on 18 November 1723 and named after the Orthodox name of Catherine I (born Marta Helena Skowrońska), the wife of Russian Emperor Peter the Great . The city served as the mining capital of the Russian Empire as well as a strategic connection between Europe and Asia. In 1781, Catherine

2784-602: The 14th century. Schwabing used to be famous as Munich's bohemian quarter, but has lost much of this reputation due to strong gentrification in the last decades. A popular location is the Englischer Garten , or English Garden, one of the world's largest public parks. Other not so commonly known parks in Schwabing are Leopoldpark , Petuelpark and Biotop am Ackermannbogen . The main buildings of Munich's largest universities , Ludwig Maximilian University and

2880-572: The 1960s, under the direction of Nikita Khrushchev 's government. In 1977, Ipatiev House was demolished by order of Boris Yeltsin in accordance to a resolution from the Politburo in order to prevent it from being used as a rallying location for monarchists . Yeltsin later became the first President of Russia and represented the people at the funeral of the former Tsar in 1998. There was an anthrax outbreak in Sverdlovsk in April and May 1979, which

2976-483: The Duma is 36 deputies (18 deputies were elected in single-mandate constituencies and 18 in a single electoral district). Residents of the city elect deputies on the basis of universal suffrage for a period of 5 years. The executive and administrative body of the municipal formation is the Administration of the City of Yekaterinburg, led by the head of the Administration, currently held by Aleksandr Yacob. The administration

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3072-539: The Great gave Yekaterinburg the status of a district town of Perm Province , and built the historical Siberian Route through the city. Yekaterinburg became a key city to Siberia, which had rich resources. In the late 19th century, Yekaterinburg became one of the centres of revolutionary movements in the Urals. In 1924, after the Russian SFSR founded the Soviet Union , the city was renamed Sverdlovsk after

3168-485: The Great Zlatoust Church was restored in 2012. On 17 April 2010, the city was visited by Patriarch Kirill . Yekaterinburg is the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast . Within the framework of the administrative divisions , it is, together with twenty-nine rural localities , incorporated as the City of Yekaterinburg, an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As

3264-667: The Lutheran Church of Yekaterinburg and the Roman Catholic Church of St. Anne (a new Catholic St. Anne's Church was built in 2000) were demolished as well. Other churches were used as warehouses and industrial sites. The only religious building in Yekaterinburg in the Soviet era was the Cathedral of St. John the Baptist. Recently, some churches are being rebuilt. Since 2006, according to the surviving drawings,

3360-514: The Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences, and at other museums. The first Russian settlements within the boundaries of modern Yekaterinburg appeared in the second half of the 17th century — in 1672, an Old Believers village arose in the area of Shartash lake (this fact is disputed by historians, since no evidence of the founding of the village at that time was found in

3456-615: The N.K.V.M. With Werefkin and Jawlensky he prepared his big performance at the Odeon in Munich . In 1909 the Swiss painter Cuno Amiet , who at the time belonged to the Brücke (Bridge) artists' group, was a guest in Werefkin's salon. Amiet would later become one of Werefkin's best Swiss friends alongside Paul Klee and his wife Lily. On 1 December 1909 was the opening of the first exhibition of

3552-457: The N.K.V.M. with 16 artists. Werefkin exhibited six paintings, including Schuhplattler , her commitment to Bavarian folk art. In 1909 the painting Zwillinge (Werefkin)  [ de ] (Twins) was created. Shortly thereafter, Werefkin went to Lithuania to her brother Peter (1861-1946), who was governor in Kaunas . Many drawings and quite a few paintings were made there that winter. At

3648-710: The N.K.V.M., which not until 1920 was officially removed from the Munich Register of Associations. Werefkin also exhibited with the members of the N.K.V.M. and the Blue Rider together with the artists of the Bridge from 18 November 1911 to 31 January 31, 1912 in the New Secession in Berlin. Werefkin exhibited there her painting Schlittschuhläufer (Ice Skaters). In 1913, Werefkin and Jawlensky participated in

3744-473: The Russian Constitution, Russian legislation, the city charter, and other normative acts. In the event of a temporary absence of the mayor of Yekaterinburg, his authority under his written order is exercised by the deputy mayor of Yekaterinburg. The representative body of the municipal formation is the Yekaterinburg City Duma, which represents the city's entire population. The membership of

3840-528: The Sverdlovsk Region are located in the building of the regional government, as well as in other separate buildings of the city. Yekaterinburg serves as the centre of the Ural Federal District. As a result, it serves as the residence of the presidential envoy , the highest official of the district and part of the administration of the President of Russia. The residence is located the building of

3936-418: The Urals. In 1722, by decree of Peter the Great, a mining engineer, Major General Georg Wilhelm de Gennin , was sent to the Urals in place of Tatishchev. Having studied all the circumstances, de Gennin fully supported Tatishchev’s project, and on 12 March 1723, construction of the plant on Iset resumed. Russian historian Vasily Tatishchev and Russian engineer Georg Wilhelm de Gennin founded Yekaterinburg with

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4032-738: The Venice Biennale . Werefkin always lived in Switzerland as a stateless person, issued with a Nansen passport since 1922. In 1921 Jawlensky separated from Werefkin and moved to Wiesbaden , where in 1922 he married Werefkin's housekeeper Helene Nesnakomoff, the mother of his son Andreas. During this difficult time, Werefkin became friends with the Zürich painter Willy Fries and his wife Katharina, née Righini (1894–1973). In 12 letters to Zürich between 1921 and 1925, Werefkin described her desperate situation, which, however, could not break her courage and her ability to work. In 1924 Werefkin

4128-666: The Verkh-Isetsky Pond) has archaeological findings from the Chalcolithic Period : workshops for producing stone tools (upper area) and two dwellings of the Ayat culture (lower area). There are also traces of the Koptyak culture from 2000 BC: dishes decorated with bird images and evidence of metallurgical production. The Tent I site contains the only Koptyak culture burials discovered in the Ural Mountains . In

4224-447: The Werefkin's household at age 9, after the death of the child's stepfather who was a local police officer, leaving the mother, who drank heavily, with three children as a beggar. Werefkin's father allowed Helene to come into the household. Her sister, Marie, was placed in a girls' asylum, and her brother stayed with his mother and was a thief […] who could not be changed. Since the mother was unreliable, Werefkin's administrator advised that

4320-536: The Yekaterinburg Time, which is five hours ahead of UTC (UTC+5), and two hours ahead of Moscow Time . The city possesses a humid continental climate ( Dfb ) under the Köppen climate classification . It is characterised by sharp variability in weather conditions, with well-marked seasons. The Ural Mountains, despite their insignificant height, block air from the west, from the European part of Russia. As

4416-404: The artists' colony of Abramtsevo and with Valentin Serov , Repin's second private student, at an early stage. From 1883 in Moscow, Werefkin studied painting with Illarion Pryanishnikov and attended lectures by the philosopher Vladimir Solovyov . In 1888, Repin created the 'Portrait of Marianne Werefkin' ( Bildnis Marianne Werefkin  [ de ] ), Werefkin had suffered in that same year

4512-461: The basis of these factories, even if they were reconstructed and expanded, it would not be possible to quickly increase the production of iron, and it would be more profitable to build a new large plant. After inspecting the immediate area, together with the commissary of the Uktus plant, Timofey Burtsev, a place rich in ore and forest was chosen on the banks of the more full-flowing Iset River , 7 versts from Uktus. On 6 February 1721, Tatishchev sent

4608-458: The beginning of the 18th century by decrees of Tsar Peter the Great which demanded the development of the metalworking industry. With extensive use of iron, the city was built to a regular square plan with ironworks and residential buildings at the centre. These were surrounded by fortified walls so that Yekaterinburg was at the same time both a manufacturing centre and a fortress at the frontier between Europe and Asia. It, therefore, found itself at

4704-411: The chairman, deputy chairman, auditors and staff. The structure and number of staff of the chamber, including the number of auditors, is determined by the decision of the City Duma. The term of office of the Chamber staff is 5 years. The Chamber of Accounts is a legal entity. In accordance with the regional charter, Yekaterinburg is the administrative centre of the Sverdlovsk Oblast. The executive power

4800-457: The city became the headquarters of the Ural Military District on the basis of which more than 500 different military units and formations were formed, including the 22nd Army and the Ural Volunteer Tank Corps. Uralmash became the main production site for armoured vehicles. Many state technical institutions and whole factories were relocated to Sverdlovsk away from cities affected by war (mostly Moscow), with many of them staying in Sverdlovsk after

4896-433: The city. The city is bisected by the Iset River , which flows from the Urals into the Tobol River . There are two lakes in the city, Lake Shuvakish and Lake Shartash. The city borders Verkh-Isetskiy Pond, through which the Iset River flows. Lake Isetskoye and Lake Baltym are both near the city, with Lake Isetskoye located near Sredneuralsk , and Lake Baltym located near the towns of Sanatornyy and Baltym. Yekaterinburg uses

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4992-424: The construction of a massive iron-making plant under the decree of Russian emperor Peter the Great in 1723. They named the city after the emperor's wife, Yekaterina, who later became empress regnant Catherine I . Officially, the city's founding date is 18 November 1723, when the shops carried out a test run of the bloomery for trip hammers. The plant was commissioned 6 days later, on 24 November. 1723 also saw

5088-492: The control of the White movement in which a provisional government was established. The Red Army took back the city and restored Soviet authority on 14 July 1919. In the years following the Russian Revolution and the Russian Civil War , political authority of the Urals was transferred from Perm to Yekaterinburg. On 19 October 1920, Yekaterinburg established its first university, the Ural State University , as well as polytechnic, pedagogical, and medical institutions under

5184-544: The couple moved in September/October 1917. As a result of the Russian October Revolution , Werefkin lost her Tsarist pension. Participation in Cabaret Voltaire followed after Werefkin had met its initiators. In 1918 Werefkin and Jawlensky moved to Ascona on Lake Maggiore . In 1919 Werefkin was involved in an exhibition "Painters of Ascona" in the Zürich Kunstsalon Wolfsberg  [ de ] together with Jawlensky, Robert Genin , Arthur Segal and Otto Niemeyer-Holstein . In 1920 some of Werefkin's works were shown at

5280-434: The decree of Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin . Enterprises in the city ravaged by the war were nationalised, including: the Metalist (formerly Yates) Plant, the Verkh-Isetsky (formerly Yakovleva) Plant, and the Lenin flax-spinning factory (formerly Makarov). In 1924, the city of Yekaterinburg was renamed Sverdlovsk after the Bolshevik leader Yakov Sverdlov . By the 1934, following a series of administrative reforms carried by

5376-484: The dictates of a fairy tale. They dropped the forest, prepared a place for the dam, laid blast furnaces, raised the rampart, set up barracks and houses for the authorities... ". In 1722–1726 the Verkhne-Uktussky mining plant was built, which was officially called the plant of the princess Elizabeth (the future village of Elizabeth, or Elizavetinskoe) and became a part of modern Yekaterinburg in 1934. In 1726, Wilhelm de Gennin founded an auxiliary Verkh-Isetsky plant with

5472-478: The early Soviet government, the earliest Russian settlements which predated Yekaterinburg and laid the basis of its founding, were incorporated into the city proper. During the reign of Stalin, Sverdlovsk was one of several places developed by the Soviet government as a centre of heavy industry. Old factories were reconstructed and new large factories were built, especially those specialised in machine-building and metalworking. These plants included Magnitogorsk and

5568-417: The early hours of the morning of 17 July, the deposed Tsar, his wife Alexandra , and their children Grand Duchesses Olga , Tatiana , Maria , Anastasia , and Tsarevich Alexei were murdered by the Bolsheviks at the Ipatiev House. Other members of the Romanov family were killed at Alapayevsk later the same day. The Legions arrived less than a week later and captured the city. The city remained under

5664-410: The end of September 1910, Franz Marc made contact with the artists of the N.K.V.M. We learn from him that it was primarily Werefkin and Jawlensky who opened his eyes to a new art form. From the beginning of May 1911, Pierre Girieud (1876–1948) lived with Werefkin and Jawlensky on Giselastrasse 23 when he and Marc showed his paintings in an exhibition at the Modern Gallery Heinrich Thannhauser . In

5760-458: The establishment of Yekaterinburg fortress , which would encompass many of the settlement's earliest buildings. Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak very vividly described the beginning of the construction of a mining plant and a fortress: "Imagine completely deserted banks of the Iset river, covered with forest. In the spring of 1723, soldiers from Tobolsk, peasants of the assigned settlements, hired craftsmen appeared, and everything around came to life, as if by

5856-529: The exhibition of the editors of Der Blaue Reiter in the Berlin gallery Der Sturm (The Storm) by Herwarth Walden . In the same year, Werefkin intended the final separation from Jawlensky and travelled to Vilnius in Lithuania, where her brother Peter had meanwhile become governor. At the end of July 1914, Werefkin returned to Germany from Lithuania. She arrived in Munich on 26 July. When World War I broke out on 1 August 1914, Werefkin and Jawlensky had to leave Germany within 24 hours and fled to Switzerland with

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5952-472: The failure of the coup and subsequent dissolution of the Soviet Union, the city regained its historical name of Yekaterinburg on 23 September 1991. However, Sverdlovsk Oblast, of which Yekaterinburg is the administrative centre, kept its name. In the 2000s, an intensive growth of trade, business, and tourism began in Yekaterinburg. In 2003, Russian President Vladimir Putin and German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder negotiated in Yekaterinburg. On 15–17 June 2009,

6048-425: The heart of Russia's strategy for further development of the entire Ural region. The so-called Siberian Route became operational in 1763 and placed the city on an increasingly important transit route, which led to its development as a focus of trade and commerce between east and west, and gave rise to the description of the city as the "window to Asia". With the growth in trade and the city's administrative importance,

6144-450: The help of American donations, finished in 2001. A synagogue was opened in 2005, on the same place a 19th-century synagogue was demolished in 1962. Most of the city's religious buildings were destroyed during the Soviet era, in addition to the synagogue, the three largest Orthodox churches in Yekaterinburg were demolished – the Epiphany Cathedral, the Ekaterininsky Cathedral, and the Great Zlatoust Church . Other Christian churches such as

6240-415: The ironworks became less critical, and the more important buildings were increasingly built using expensive stone. Small manufacturing and trading businesses proliferated. In 1781 Russia's empress, Catherine the Great, granted Yekaterinburg town status and nominated it as the administrative centre for the wider region within Perm Governorate . In 1807, the role of the capital of the mining and smelting region

6336-502: The last two years before the First World War in Munich, stylistic changes in Werefkin's pictures, which lead to her late work, had already become noticeable, but she continued to develop them in Switzerland. Her paintings no longer triggered the sudden 'shocks' in the viewer in the same way as they used to. Her works generally became more narrative, internalized and even more enigmatic than before. Writers in particular were attracted to them, encouraged to interpret and create their own, such as

6432-402: The mayor of the city was Yevgeny Roizman , nominated by the Civil Platform party. Out of the 36 seats in the City Duma, 21 belong to United Russia , 7 to A Just Russia , 3 to the Civil Platform, 2 to the Communist Party and 1 seat to the LDPR . The turnout in the mayoral elections was 33.57%. Schwabing Schwabing is a borough in the northern part of Munich , the capital of

6528-496: The mother cede all her child care rights to Werefkin, which she did. Despite Nesnakomoff's tragic circumstance, in return for the warmth and sustenance, she had to earn her keep as an apprentice to Werefkin's [then] lady's maid in Tula. In Munich, Werefkin rented a comfortable double apartment on the third floor of Giselastrasse 23 in the Schwabing district, which she furnished partly with Empire and Biedermeier style furniture, which she contrasted with folk art furniture made in

6624-406: The picture before her colleagues, such as Wassily Kandinsky and Gabriele Münter , who took the first steps towards Expressionism. At that time, the artists Jan Verkade , Hugo Troendle , Hermann Huber and Curt Herrmann frequented Werefkin's salon. In the spring of 1908, Gauguin's Polish friend, Władysław Ślewiński , visited Werefkin. He convinced Jawlensky of surface painting. In the summer,

6720-450: The poet Yvan Goll or the poet Bruno Goetz . The typical Russian features in Werefkin's painting, especially in the colouring, which the poet Else Lasker-Schüler had already noticed in Munich, should appear particularly clear in her late work in Ascona. Even if she transferred these to Ticino motifs, Werefkin's pictures were initially foreign to most Swiss and were often misunderstood. When Werefkin died in Ascona on 6 February 1938, she

6816-462: The protection of the Uktus plant fortifications. On the night of 5 April 1718, a fire destroyed all the factory buildings of the Uktus plant, except for the dam, and the plant was restored only by 1720 under the supervision of Timofey Burtsev. However, the plant did not receive further development due to the lack of water in Uktus river. In 1720, by decree of Peter I , a delegation led by mining specialist Johann Blüher and statesman Vasily Tatishchev

6912-609: The regional government on October Square near the Iset River embankment. In addition, Yekaterinburg serves as the centre of the Central Military District and more than 30 territorial branches of the federal executive bodies, whose jurisdiction extends not only to Sverdlovsk Oblast, but also to other regions in the Ural Mountains, Siberia, and the Volga Region. According to the results of the September 2013 elections,

7008-482: The results of the 2021 Census , the population of Yekaterinburg was 1,544,376 ; up from 1,349,772 recorded in the 2010 Census . As of 2021, the ethnic composition of Yekaterinburg was: Religion in Yekaterinburg (2024) Christianity is the predominant religion in the city, of which most are adherents to the Russian Orthodox Church. The Yekaterinburg and Verkhotursky diocese is located in

7104-544: The service staff Helene Nesnakomoff with son Andreas, and Helene's sister Maria Nesnakomoff, who had earlier joined the household service. Werefkin handed over the keys and custodian of her apartment to Paul Klee and his wife Lily before fleeing to Switzerland. At first, they lived in Saint-Prex on Lake Geneva . As a result of the war, Werefkin's pension was cut in half. In 1916 there was a solo exhibition in Zürich , where

7200-587: The sources), and in 1680–1682, the villages of Nizhny and Verkhny Uktus appeared on the banks of Uktus River (now the territory of the Chkalovsky district of the city). In 1702, by the initiative of the head of Sibirskiy prikaz Andrew Vinius , the Uktus state ironwork plant was founded near Nizhny Uktus — the first ironworks within the boundaries of modern Yekaterinburg. In 1704, the Shuvakish ironworks

7296-459: The summer, Werefkin travelled with Jawlensky to Prerow on the Baltic Sea . At the end of the year, they went to Paris, where they met Henri Matisse personally. In December 1911, Kandinsky left the N.K.V.M., together with Münter and Marc, to present the first exhibition of the editors of Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) in the winter of 1911/1912. In 1912, Werefkin and Jewlensky also left

7392-423: The theories of Vincent van Gogh , Paul Gauguin 's surface painting, Louis Anquetin 's tone-on-tone painting, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec 's caricature and bold painting, and the ideas of Les Nabis . In the circle of friends in Munich, Werefkin was given the nickname "The Frenchwoman". In terms of iconology and motifs, Werefkin often drew on the works of Edvard Munch , and she brought the aforementioned artists into

7488-521: The two artist couples Werefkin/Jawlensky and Münter/Kandinsky met in Murnau am Staffelsee in Upper Bavaria to paint together. In the winter of the same year, Werefkin, Jawlensky, Adolf Erbslöh and Oscar Wittenstein  [ de ] came up with the idea of founding the N.K.V.M. , of which Kandinsky was appointed its first chairman in 1909. The dancer Alexander Sacharoff became a member of

7584-411: The underwater nightclub Yellow Submarine , as well as many bars such as Schwabinger 7 , Drugstore and Schwabinger Podium. From the active nightlife during this time, the district became known as "Schwabingbang". The Schwabinger Krawalle unrests of 1962 were a prelude for the student protests of 1968. In the last decades Schwabing has lost much of its nightlife activity, mainly due to gentrification and

7680-538: The victory. The Hermitage Museum collections were also partly evacuated from Leningrad to Sverdlovsk in July 1941 and remained there until October 1945. In the postwar years, new industrial and agricultural enterprises were put into operation and massive housing construction began. The lookalike five-story apartment blocks that remain today in Kirovsky, Chkalovsky, and other residential areas of Sverdlovsk sprang up in

7776-462: The workshops of the artist Yelena Polenova (1850-1898) in the artists' colony of Abramtsevo . Werefkin initially entrusted Jawlensky's further education to the Slovenian Anton Ažbe , while interrupting her own painting for exactly ten years in favour of his education. Like many women in art, she subordinated her artistic ambitions to the interests of her lover. Werefkin knew that Jawlensky

7872-715: The world's gold was mined in Yekaterinburg. This is the first ever "Gold Rush". Until 1876, 80% of the coins in circulation in the Russian Empire were produced at the Yekaterinburg mint. Following the October Revolution , the family of deposed Tsar Nicholas II was sent to internal exile in Yekaterinburg where they were imprisoned in the Ipatiev House in the city. In July 1918, the Czechoslovak Legions were closing on Yekaterinburg. In

7968-716: Was a co-founder of the artist group Der Große Bär (The Great Bear, after the constellation Ursa Major ) in Ascona together with Walter Helbig , Ernst Frick , Albert Kohler and others. This group of artists had a large exhibition in 1925 in the Kunsthalle Bern , followed by further joint exhibitions, including in 1928 in the Berlin Galerie Nierendorf together with Christian Rohlfs , Karl Schmidt-Rottluff and Robert Genin . Frequently, Werefkin earned her living by painting posters and picture postcards or she wrote articles, for example in 1925 for

8064-480: Was a resident of Schwabing for some years, as was noted psychoanalyst and bohemian Otto Gross . The Countess Fanny zu Reventlow was known as "The Bohemian Countess of Schwabing". In the 1960s and 1970s Schwabing became a hotspot for the flower power and 1968 movements as well as an internationally renowned party district with legendary clubs such as Big Apple , PN hit-house, Domicile, Hot Club, Piper Club, Tiffany, Germany's first large-scale discotheque Blow Up and

8160-451: Was a womanizer: "Love is a dangerous thing, especially in the hands of Jawlensky." Werefkin refused to marry, not least because of the generous pension from the Tsar, which she would have lost if she were a married woman. But Werefkin was determined to support Jawlensky as an artist in every way. In Werefkin's place, Jawlensky was to achieve and realize everything artistically that a 'weak woman'

8256-606: Was already having a relationship, despite her young age, she modelled for Jawlensky and was madly infatuated with him. In 1897, Werefkin founded the Brotherhood of St. Luke ( Bruderschaft von Sankt Lukas ) in her "pink salon", whose members saw themselves in the tradition of the Guild of Saint Luke and which ultimately formed the nucleus of the New Artists' Association Munich (N.K.V.M) and The Blue Rider . In 1897 Werefkin

8352-578: Was attributed to a release from the Sverdlovsk-19 military facility . During the 1991 coup d'état attempt , Sverdlovsk, the home city of President Boris Yeltsin, was selected by him as a temporary reserve capital for the Russian Federation, in case Moscow became too dangerous for the Russian government. A reserve cabinet headed by Oleg Lobov was sent to the city, where Yeltsin enjoyed strong popular support at that time. Shortly after

8448-594: Was built (now the territory of the Zheleznodorozhny district of the city). With the beginning of active construction of factories in the Urals in the 18th century, relations with their southern neighbors, the Bashkirs , became strained. As a result of the Bashkir raid in 1709, the village of Verkhny Uktus was devastated, all buildings, including the wooden church and chapel, were burned, the residents fled to

8544-623: Was buried in the local cemetery according to the Russian Orthodox rite, with the sympathy of almost the entire population. A large part of her artistic and literary legacy is kept in the Fondazione Marianne Werefkin in Ascona  [ de ] in Ascona . Thanks to donations, their holdings have now grown to almost 100 paintings. The foundation also owns 170 sketchbooks and hundreds of drawings. A part of it

8640-462: Was confirmed by assigning it the status of the only "mountain city" in Russia. Until 1863, Yekaterinburg remained subordinate to the head of the mining plants of the Ural ridge , the minister of finance and personally to the emperor, and enjoyed considerable freedom from the governor's power. Since the 1830s, mountainous Yekaterinburg has become the center of mechanical engineering. In 1820–1845, 45% of

8736-510: Was created around 1905. In 1906 Werefkin travelled to France with Jawlensky, Nesnakomoff and son Andreas. First, they went to Brittany. From there Werefkin went via Paris and Arles to Sausset-les-Pins near Marseille, where her painter friend Pierre Girieud (1876–1948) lived. There, on the Mediterranean, Werefkin resumed her artistic activity. In 1907, Werefkin created her first expressionist paintings. Stylistically, Werefkin followed

8832-503: Was in Venice with Ažbe, Jawlensky, Dmitry Kardovsky and Igor Grabar , initially to visit a Repin exhibition. They then studied the painting of old masters in various museums in northern Italy. In 1902 Werefkin's lady's maid Nesnakomoff, then 17 years old, gave birth to a child from Jawlensky, named Andreas Nesnakomoff (died 1984 - named Andreas Jawlensky  [ de ] after his parents' marriage, later in life he would also become

8928-422: Was in any case denied. “Three years passed in tireless nurturing of his mind and heart. Everything, everything he received from me, I pretended to take - everything I put into him I pretended to receive as a gift... so that he should not be jealous as an artist, I hid my art from him" (Werefkin, quoted from Fäthke 1980:17). Jawlensky's gratitude in return was abusing Werefkin's young lady's maid, with whom Jawlensky

9024-477: Was laid in the construction of a large Cathedral Mosque with four minarets , and space for 2,500 parishioners in the immediate vicinity of the cathedral and a synagogue , thus forming the "area of the three religions". The mosque was planned to be built for the SCO summit, but due to funding problems, construction did not move from zero and is now frozen. Construction of a Methodist church started in 1992, and with

9120-471: Was sent to the Urals . They were entrusted with managing the mining industry, identifying the causes of the collapse and reduction of production at state-owned factories. On 29 December 1720, Tatishchev and Blüher arrive at the Uktus plant, which became their main residence in the Urals. As a result of familiarizing himself with the state of nearby state-owned factories, Tatishchev came to the conclusion that on

9216-484: Was the governor of Tula from 1850 to 1866, the official palace is where her daughter Marianne was born. In 1874, Werefkin's talent for drawing was discovered. Werefkin immediately received academic drawing lessons. As a teenager, Werefkin had a large studio in the Peter and Paul Fortress and an atelier on her family's summer estate named "Blagodat" (Grace or Blessing) in Lithuania (at that time occupied by Russia). It

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