40-550: West-Park Presbyterian Church is a Romanesque Revival Presbyterian church located on the corner of Amsterdam Avenue at 86th Street on the Upper West Side of Manhattan in New York City. It consists of a main sanctuary and chapel . The congregation was founded in 1852 as the 84th Street Presbyterian Church, building its first chapel of timber in 1854 on 84th Street and West End Avenue, to designs by one of
80-426: A sidewalk shed that shielded pedestrians from potential falling masonry, and the congregation had paid $ 45,000 in fines since 1993. The congregation initially estimated the cost of repairs at $ 30 to $ 50 million, but this figure was disputed by the neighborhood's Councilmember Gale Brewer . A successful appeal would allow for the sale of the church site to Alchemy Properties, who will replace the existing structure with
120-723: A city landmark and itself a product of a 1937 denominational merger. The church was designated as an Individual Landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission on January 12, 2010. In April 2022, it was announced that the West-Park congregation would seek permission to demolish the building under the hardship provision of the New York Landmarks Law, citing their inability to provide or source funds for repairs. The building had been surrounded since 2001 by
160-797: A debased Italianate Romanesque revival style in 1870. After about 1870, this style of Church architecture in Britain disappears, but in the early 20th century, the style is succeeded by Byzantine Revival architecture . Two of Canada's provincial legislatures, the Ontario Legislative Building in Toronto and the British Columbia Parliament Buildings in Victoria , are Romanesque Revival in style. University College , one of seven colleges at
200-417: A grand church in the hopes that the congregation would expand along with the rest of the neighborhood. That pastor commissioned Leopold Eidlitz to build a diminutive midblock brick Romanesque Revival chapel in 1884, a style Eidlitz described as "muscular" Romanesque and considered appropriate to an evangelical Protestant church. After a further $ 100,000 was raised, the main sanctuary was built in 1889–90 on
240-860: A long time in the British Isles, starting with Inigo Jones 's refenestration of the White Tower of the Tower of London in 1637–38 and work at Windsor Castle by Hugh May for King Charles II , but this was little more than restoration work. In the 18th century, the use of round arched windows was thought of as being Saxon rather than Norman, and examples of buildings with round arched windows include Shirburn Castle in Oxfordshire, Wentworth in Yorkshire, and Enmore Castle in Somerset. In Scotland
280-516: A partnership with the church." The "Friends" suggested selling Eidlitz's chapel for redevelopment to a non-profit, probably a school, to offset the cost of renovation, with neighboring buildings preparing to lease air rights. Most of the external walls would be preserved, restoring the sandstone and stained glass but not the original roof shape nor the forty-foot interior, which would be gutted. Its sanctuary would be raised to gallery level and fitted with movable seating; since divided windows already exist,
320-598: A residential building that incorporates worship space for the congregation. Opponents of the demolition included actors Matt Damon , Mark Ruffalo , and Wendell Pierce ; rapper Common ; and filmmaker Kenneth Lonergan . Although an independent analysis published in October 2023 found that the church would be very expensive to repair, West-Park withdrew its application to demolish the church in January 2024. Romanesque Revival Romanesque Revival (or Neo-Romanesque )
360-768: A similar style. Robertson is responsible for the construction of Pequot Library , Shelburne Farms , the New York Savings Bank , and Jackie Kennedy 's childhood home Hammersmith Farm . The Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception is a large Catholic minor basilica and national shrine located in Washington, D.C., United States of America. The shrine is the largest Catholic church in North America, one of
400-445: A smaller new corner glass church, designed by the architectural firm of Franke, Gottsegen & Cox . The design featured a "prow-shaped base of stone," with a sweeping 125-foot glass carillon tower providing "a luminous well of light." The current social outreach and education facilities would be doubled and the modern design, the architects asserted, would create a sense of refuge and "communitarian communality." The architects described
440-411: A viable alternative plan as well as funds. The group principally feared the loss of air and light with the new tower. The co-chairman of Friends of West-Park stated that the group was not interested "in telling the church that it had to maintain itself for the community good without the community taking some role [but instead they] formed a development company capable of doing what [they] say and working on
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#1732781079461480-623: Is Rev. Dr. James (K) Karpen and the associate pastor is Rev. Lea Matthews. Ekama Eni serves as Minister for Young Adults and Frank Glass is the Minister of Music. SPSA also serves as host sanctuary for Congregation B'nai Jeshurun . Also housed at 263 West 86th Street is the West Side Campaign Against Hunger, a non profit that functions as a food pantry and nutritional resource center, and West End Theatre, presenting many performing arts companies. The church building
520-471: Is a style of building employed beginning in the mid-19th century inspired by the 11th- and 12th-century Romanesque architecture . Unlike the historic Romanesque style, Romanesque Revival buildings tended to feature more simplified arches and windows than their historic counterparts. An early variety of Romanesque Revival style known as Rundbogenstil ("Round-arched style") was popular in German lands and in
560-459: Is a historic United Methodist church located in the Upper West Side of New York City, New York , on West 86th Street . The Church is known for being socially liberal and for accepting all people. The Church hosts a number of performing arts groups, including Camerata Notturna, Riverside Orchestra, and New Plaza Cinema. At present, the Church of St. Paul & St. Andrew (SPSA) is a member of
600-610: Is generally considered the first work of Romanesque Revival architecture in the United States. It was soon followed by a more prominent design for the Smithsonian Institution Building in Washington, DC , designed by James Renwick Jr. and built 1847–51. Renwick allegedly submitted two proposals to the design competition, one Gothic and the other Romanesque in the style. The Smithsonian chose
640-510: The German diaspora beginning in the 1830s. By far the most prominent and influential American architect working in a free "Romanesque" manner was Henry Hobson Richardson . In the United States, the style derived from examples set by him are termed Richardsonian Romanesque , of which not all are Romanesque Revival. Romanesque Revival is also sometimes referred to as the " Norman style " or " Lombard style ", particularly in works published during
680-816: The Oxford Movement , were built in Gothic Revival architecture , low churches and broad churches of the period were often built in the Romanesque Revival style. Some of the later examples of this Romanesque Revival architecture is seen in Non-conformist or Dissenting churches and chapels. A good example of this is by the Lincoln architects Drury and Mortimer , who designed the Mint Lane Baptist Chapel in Lincoln in
720-781: The University of Toronto , is an example of the Romanesque Revival style. Construction of the final design began on 4 October 1856. The Vasa Church in Gothenburg , Sweden, is another prime example of the Neo-Romanesque style of architecture. The Church of the Pilgrims—now the Maronite Cathedral of Our Lady of Lebanon —in Brooklyn Heights, Brooklyn , designed by Richard Upjohn and built 1844–46,
760-764: The 19th century after variations of historic Romanesque that were developed by the Normans in England and by the Italians in Lombardy , respectively. Like its influencing Romanesque style, the Romanesque Revival style was widely used for churches, and occasionally for synagogues such as the New Synagogue of Strasbourg built in 1898, and the Congregation Emanu-El of New York built in 1929. The style
800-604: The Italianate Romanesque of other architects such as Thomas Henry Wyatt , who designed Saint Mary and Saint Nicholas Church, in this style at Wilton , which was built between 1841 and 1844 for the Dowager Countess of Pembroke and her son, Lord Herbert of Lea. During the 19th century, the architecture selected for Anglican churches depended on the churchmanship of particular congregations. Whereas high churches and Anglo-Catholic , which were influenced by
840-597: The Pilgrims. St. Joseph Church in Hammond, Indiana, is Romanesque Revival. The most celebrated "Romanesque Revival" architect of the late 19th century was H. H. Richardson , whose mature style was so individual that it is known as " Richardsonian Romanesque ". Among his most prominent buildings are Trinity Church (Boston) and Sever Hall and Austin Hall at Harvard University. His disciple, R.H. Robertson , designed in
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#1732781079461880-894: The Reconciling Ministries Network of the United Methodist Church and its New York Annual Conference affiliate, Methodists in New Directions (MIND). The congregation welcomes all who wish to worship God the Creator, God the Redeemer and God the Holy Spirit; without regard to any arbitrary condition. The 2010 Service of Lessons and Carols was featured on 31 December 2010 on the CBS Television Network. The senior pastor
920-615: The Victorian period, which was a mixed Gothic style. However, the Norman Revival did catch on for church architecture. Thomas Penson , a Welsh architect, would have been familiar with Hopper's work at Penrhyn, who developed Romanesque Revival church architecture. Penson was influenced by French and Belgian Romanesque Revival architecture, and particularly the earlier Romanesque phase of German Brick Gothic . At St David's Newtown, 1843–47, and St Agatha's Llanymynech, 1845, he copied
960-533: The West Side's loveliest landmarks," according to the AIA Guide to NYC . In 2016, the church hosted SONNET REMIX 2, a celebration of Shakespeare 's Sonnets featuring artists presenting the sonnets including Stairwell Theater, Carman Moore, Jason Trachtenburg , Joel Gold, Ariana Karp, Matt and Rafferty of Evolfo. In the 1980s, the church was re-pointed with cement, which has resulted in substantial erosion of
1000-474: The abutting corner site, to designs by Henry Franklin Kilburn in intricately carved brown and red sandstone in a stylistic continuation of Eidlitz's Romanesque chapel but re-cladding that brick chapel in sandstone and adding an offset diminutive tower. The corner features a giant ribbed bell-domed belltower, which dominates the neighborhood and if not for the competing heights of apartment towers "would be one of
1040-416: The alteration would not be externally evident, leaving the commercially ideal ground floor for other uses, possibly social outreach or educational. One architect responsible for the sympathetic second plan explained that "successful rehabilitation allows the character and original intent of the first architect to come through. So the question is, If not every square inch is sacred turf, how much modification can
1080-694: The architecture of Thomas Hopper . His first attempt at this style was at Gosford Castle in Armagh in Ireland, but far more successful was his Penrhyn Castle near Bangor in North Wales. This was built for the Pennant family, between 1820 and 1837. The style did not catch on for domestic buildings, though many country houses and mock castles were built in the Castle Gothic or Castellated style during
1120-548: The city's most prominent architects, Prague -born Leopold Eidlitz . The church changed its name to Park Presbyterian Church in 1887. The name became West-Park Presbyterian (alternatively spelled West Park) when the midtown West Presbyterian Church (founded 1829) merged with Park Presbyterian in 1911. The small congregation moved north in Upper Manhattan . Upon moving to the Upper West Side , one wealthy new pastor (from 1879), Anson Phelps Atterbury (1855–1931), proposed
1160-410: The design: "...the crisscrossing of the structure, like a canopy of trees, but you won't be able to see the top, which we think is an expression of sacredness," adding, "the sanctuary is very flexible and interfaith use is possible so that space can be shared with other denominations." In response, activists organized the "Friends of West-Park" to protest the development while concurrently working toward
1200-786: The largest churches in the world, and the tallest habitable building in Washington, D.C. Its construction of Byzantine Revival and Romanesque Revival architecture began on September 23, 1920, with renowned contractor John McShain and was completed on December 8, 2017, with the dedication and solemn blessing of the Trinity Dome mosaic on December 8, 2017, the Feast of the Immaculate Conception , by Cardinal Donald William Wuerl . Church of St. Paul and St. Andrew (New York City) 40°47′20.1″N 73°58′38.6″W / 40.788917°N 73.977389°W / 40.788917; -73.977389 The Church of Saint Paul and Saint Andrew
1240-566: The latter, which was based on designs from German architecture books. Several concurrent forces contributed to the popularizing of the Romanesque Revival in the United States. The first was an influx of German immigrants in the 1840s, who brought the style of the Rundbogenstil with them. Second, a series of works on the style was published concurrently with the earliest built examples. The first of these, Hints on Public Architecture , written by social reformer Robert Dale Owen in 1847–48,
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1280-403: The soft sandstone. Around the same time, the church installed a new elevator for handicap accessibility in the parish house (the original chapel). In the early 2000s, the congregation hired a developer to address their financial situation, diminished attendance, and role in society. Their findings proposed the replacement of the complex with an eighteen- to twenty-three-story residential tower and
1320-488: The structure bear without losing what makes it special?" Rev. Brashear of West-Park was quoted as receptive to the community input but stated that the congregation, trustees, and various levels of the Presbytery are still deciding the unprotected church's fate. The congregation moved to share space in 2008 with the neighboring Renaissance Revival-styled, Saints Paul and Andrew United Methodist Church (1897), protected as
1360-523: The style started to emerge with the Duke of Argyl's castle at Inverary , started in 1744, and castles by Robert Adam at Culzean (1771), Oxenfoord (1780–82), Dalquharran, (1782–85) and Seton Palace , 1792. In England James Wyatt used round arched windows at Sandleford Priory , Berkshire, in 1780–89 and the Duke of Norfolk started to rebuild Arundel Castle , while Eastnor Castle in Herefordshire
1400-470: The style was based had neither the windows, chimneys, nor stairs required by modern buildings, and that the low-pitched temple roofs and tall colonnades were ill-adapted to cold northern climates. To Owen, most Greek Revival buildings thus lacked architectural truth, because they attempted to hide 19th-century necessities behind classical temple facades. In its place, he offered that the Romanesque style
1440-446: The tower of St. Salvator's Cathedral , Bruges. Other examples of Romanesque revival by Penson are Christ Church, Welshpool , 1839–1844, and the porch to Langedwyn Church. He was an innovator in his use of Terracotta to produce decorative Romanesque mouldings, saving on the expense of stonework. Penson's last church in the Romanesque Revival style was Rhosllannerchrugog , Wrexham, 1852. The Romanesque adopted by Penson contrasts with
1480-675: Was built by Robert Smirke between 1812 and 1820. At this point, the Norman Revival became a recognisable architectural style. In 1817, Thomas Rickman published his An Attempt to Discriminate the Styles of English Architecture from the Conquest To the Reformation . It was now realised that 'round-arch architecture' was largely Romanesque in the British Isles and came to be described as Norman rather than Saxon. The start of an "archaeologically correct" Norman Revival can be recognised in
1520-511: Was ideal for a more flexible and economic American architecture. Soon after, the Congregational Church published A Book of Plans for Churches and Parsonages in 1853, containing 18 designs by 10 architects, including Upjohn, Renwick, Henry Austin , and Gervase Wheeler , most in the Romanesque Revival style. Richard Salter Storrs and other clergy on the book's committee were members or frequent preachers of Upjohn's Church of
1560-602: Was prepared for the Building Committee of the Smithsonian Institution and prominently featured illustrations of Renwick's Smithsonian Institution Building. Owen argued that Greek Revival architecture —then the prevailing style in the United States for everything from churches to banks to private residences—was unsuitable as a national American style. He maintained that the Greek temples upon which
1600-461: Was quite popular for university campuses in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, especially in the United States and Canada; well-known examples can be found at the University of California, Los Angeles , University of Southern California , Tulane University , University of Denver , University of Toronto , and Wayne State University . The development of the Norman revival style took place over
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