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25-521: In 1905, West Adams Terrace was platted in from what had been called the Bauer tract. The area on the north side of Adams Street (west of Western Avenue ) was under the control of the Mesa Land Company, a syndicate headed by William Miles, president, and Charles McKenzie, H.R. Callender, S.J. White and C.G. Andrews. Noted as "the last piece of available elevated land [with] a magnificent view of

50-467: A national security viewpoint and the impact on the community that the loss of such facilities would entail. Furthermore, the term public works has recently been expanded to include digital public infrastructure projects. For example, in the United States , the first nationwide digital public works project is an effort to create an open source software platform for e-voting (created and managed by

75-671: A scrivener's error. Such plats can sometimes serve to relocate lot-lines or other features, but laws usually tightly restrict such use. A vacating plat functions to legally void a prior plat or portion of a plat. The rules normally allow such plats only when all the platted lots remain unsold and no construction of buildings or public improvements has taken place. Other names associated with parcel maps are: land maps, tax maps, real estate maps, landowner maps, lot and block survey system and land survey maps. Parcel maps, unlike any other public real estate record, have no federal, state or municipal oversight with their development. Plats contain

100-655: A broader term. Construction may be undertaken either by directly employed labour or by a private operator. Public works has been encouraged since antiquity. The Roman emperor Nero encouraged the construction of various infrastructure projects during widespread deflation . Public works is a multi-dimensional concept in economics and politics , touching on multiple arenas including: recreation (parks, beaches, trails), aesthetics (trees, green space), economy (goods and people movement, energy), law (police and courts), and neighborhood (community centers, social services buildings). It represents any constructed object that augments

125-447: A government, are characteristic of socialism and other public or collectivist forms of government because of their 'tax and spend' policies to achieve long-term economic improvement. However, in the private sector, entrepreneurs bear their own losses and so private-sector firms are generally unwilling to undertake projects that could result in losses or would not develop a revenue stream. Governments will invest in public works because of

150-517: A nation's physical infrastructure. Municipal infrastructure, urban infrastructure , and rural development usually represent the same concept but imply either large cities or developing nations ' concerns respectively. The terms public infrastructure or critical infrastructure are at times used interchangeably. However, critical infrastructure includes public works (dams, waste water systems, bridges, etc.) as well as facilities like hospitals, banks, and telecommunications systems and views them from

175-1152: A number of informational elements: [REDACTED] The dictionary definition of plat at Wiktionary [REDACTED] Media related to Survey drawings at Wikimedia Commons Public works Public works are a broad category of infrastructure projects, financed and procured by a government body for recreational, employment, and health and safety uses in the greater community . They include public buildings ( municipal buildings , schools , and hospitals ), transport infrastructure ( roads , railroads , bridges , pipelines , canals , ports , and airports ), public spaces ( public squares , parks , and beaches ), public services ( water supply and treatment , sewage treatment , electrical grid , and dams ), environmental protection ( drinking water protection , soil erosion reduction, wildlife habitat preservation , preservation and restoration of forests and wetlands) and other, usually long-term, physical assets and facilities . Though often interchangeable with public infrastructure and public capital , public works does not necessarily carry an economic component, thereby being

200-454: A plat map marks an important step in the process of incorporating a town or city according to United States law. Because the process of incorporation sometimes occurred at a courthouse , the incorporation papers for many American cities may be stored hundreds of miles away in another state . For example, to view the original United States General Land Office plat for the city of San Francisco, California , filed in 1849, one must visit

225-639: A private entity, Crown Prep Academy, running grades 5 through 8. Platted In the United States , a plat ( / p l æ t / or / p l ɑː t / ) ( plan ) is a cadastral map , drawn to scale, showing the divisions of a piece of land. United States General Land Office surveyors drafted township plats of Public Lands Surveys to show the distance and bearing between section corners, sometimes including topographic or vegetation information. City, town or village plats show subdivisions broken into blocks with streets and alleys. Further refinement often splits blocks into individual lots , usually for

250-444: A short-term period of employment, has come to dominate practice, particularly in regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa . Applied in the short term, this is appropriate as a response to transient shocks and acute labour market crises. Investing in public works projects in order to stimulate the general economy has been a popular policy measure since the economic crisis of the 1930s. Spearheaded by U.S. Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins ,

275-399: Is the provision of employment by the creation of predominantly public goods at a prescribed wage for those unable to find alternative employment. This functions as a form of social safety net . Public works programmes are activities which entail the payment of a wage (in cash or in kind) by the state, or by an Agent (or cash-for work/CFW). One particular form of public works, that of offering

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300-542: The 2008 European Union stimulus plan , and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 . While it is argued that capital investment in public works can be used to reduce unemployment, opponents of internal improvement programs argue that such projects should be undertaken by the private sector , not the public sector , because public works projects are often inefficient and costly to taxpayers. Further, some argue that public works, when used excessively by

325-533: The Times noted that West Adams Terrace was located between Adams Street on the south and Twenty-third Street on the north and between Eighth Avenue on the east and Twelfth Avenue on the west. In 1906, the Times noted a different boundary - Thirteenth Avenue on the west. In 2002, the city defined the area as: the north side of West Adams Boulevard on the south, the Santa Monica I-10 Freeway on

350-584: The Museum of the Oregon Territory in Oregon City, Oregon , as at that time Oregon City was the site of the closest federal land office to San Francisco. A plat of consolidation or plan of consolidation originates when a landowner takes over several adjacent parcels of land and consolidates them into a single parcel. In order to do this, the landowner will usually need to make a survey of

375-690: The Open Source Digital Voting Foundation). Reflecting increased concern with sustainability , urban ecology and quality of life , efforts to move towards sustainable municipal infrastructure are common in developed nations , especially in the European Union and Canada (where the FCM InfraGuide provides an officially mandated best practice exchange to move municipalities in that direction). A public employment programme or public works programme

400-606: The first campus in Los Angeles to make use of a " parent trigger " law that enabled parents to install a new administration. The school failed to meet the state's educational standards in English and mathematics. The parents voted to take control of the school, and organize it as a hybrid charter school , with the Los Angeles Unified School District operating kindergarten through 5th grade and

425-726: The first female Cabinet member in the United States, the New Deal resulted in the creation of programs such as the Civilian Conservation Corps , Public Works Administration , and the Works Progress Administration , among others, all of which created public goods through labor and infrastructure investments. More recent examples are the 2008–2009 Chinese economic stimulus program , India's National Infrastructure Pipeline of 2020,

450-419: The governing body, which would then have to approve it. A plat of subdivision also applies when a landowner/building owner divides a multi-family building into multiple units. This can apply for the intention of selling off the individual units as condominiums to individual owners. A correction plat or amending plat records minor corrections to an existing plat, such as correcting a surveying mistake or

475-638: The neighborhood. On March 6, 1910, the Times announced that architect A.B. Benton had completed plans for a residence for F.M. Vale on Eleventh Avenue in West Adams Terrace. In the 1950s, a Green Book property serving African-American tourists was located in the neighborhood. The name West Adams Terrace continued to be used for residential sales in both the Los Angeles Times and the Los Angeles Sentinel . In 1905,

500-526: The north, the rear lot line of the parcels on the west side of Thirteenth Avenue on the west, and the west side of Western Avenue on the east. On December 2, 2003, the Los Angeles City Council adopted The West Adams Terrace HPOZ ( Historic Preservation Overlay Zone ). The designation reflected the high concentration of Craftsman and Colonial Revival architectural styles as well as the neighborhood's high level of architectural integrity from

525-479: The overall benefit to society when there is a lack of private sector benefit (a project that does generate revenue) or the risk is too great for a private company to accept on its own. According to research conducted at the Aalborg University , 86% of public works projects end up with cost overruns. Some findings of the research were the following: Generally, contracts awarded by public tenders include

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550-412: The parcels and submit the survey to the governing body that would have to approve the consolidation. A plat of subdivision or plan of subdivision appears when a landowner or municipality divides land into smaller parcels. If a landowner owns an acre of land, for instance, and wants to divide it into three pieces, a surveyor would have to take precise measurements of the land and submit the survey to

575-702: The period in which the properties were constructed (1887-1951). The West Adams Terrace HPOZ is bounded by 13th Avenue to the west, the Santa Monica Freeway to the north, Gramercy Place, 24th Street, and Western Avenue to the east, and West Adams Boulevard to the south (excluding both Joseph Pomeroy Widney High and the 24th Street Elementary School from the HPOZ). (listed in order of HCM number) LAUSD has two schools in West Adams Terrace: In 2013, 24th Street Elementary School became

600-442: The purpose of selling the described lots; this has become known as subdivision . After the filing of a plat, legal descriptions can refer to block and lot-numbers rather than portions of sections . In order for plats to become legally valid, a local governing body, such as a public works department, urban planning commission, zoning board, or another organ of the state must normally review and approve them. The creation of

625-472: The valley and surrounding foothills", the land was divided into 235 lots with building restrictions ranging from $ 2,500 to $ 5,000. The earliest use of the name "West Adams Terrace" in the Los Angeles Times was on July 16, 1905. The area was then described as a "beautiful residence subdivision" with lots being sold for $ 40,000. During the next few years, the Times continued to report sales in

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