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23-572: The municipality, which covers an area of 31,119 square kilometres (12,015 sq mi), lies along the Atlantic coast of the Western Cape, extending approximately 350 kilometres (220 mi) from north to south. It includes the coastal plain and is generally bounded on the east by the mountains of the escarpment , though in the case of the Cederberg mountains the border passes further to

46-454: A closed list system, each political party has pre-decided who will receive the seats allocated to that party in the elections, so that the candidates positioned highest on this list will always get a seat in the parliament while the candidates positioned very low on the closed list will not. Voters vote only for the party, not for individual candidates. An open list describes any variant of a party-list where voters have at least some influence on

69-460: A fault displaces the ground surface so that one side is higher than the other, a fault scarp is created. This can occur in dip-slip faults , or when a strike-slip fault brings a piece of high ground adjacent to an area of lower ground. Earth is not the only planet where escarpments occur. They are believed to occur on other planets when the crust contracts , as a result of cooling. On other Solar System bodies such as Mercury , Mars , and

92-708: A grain-farming area. The Berg River flows across the Swartland from its sources in the Boland mountains. On the coast west of the Swartland is the Cape Columbine peninsula, with a number of coastal holiday resorts as well as the ore-export harbour at Saldanha Bay . On the north the Swartland is bounded by mountains which separate it from the Olifants River Valley. The upper valley of the Olifants

115-411: A party list. Some open-list systems allow voters to support different candidates across multiple lists, which is called panachage . The order in which a party's list candidates get elected may be pre-determined by some method internal to the party or the candidates (a closed list system) or it may be determined by the voters at large (an open list system) or by districts (a local list system). In

138-517: A proportional electoral system to fill a nationally elected legislative body. Detailed information on electoral systems applying to the first chamber of the legislature is maintained by the ACE Electoral Knowledge Network . Countries using PR as part of a parallel voting (mixed-member majoritarian) or other mixed system (e.g. MMP ) are not included. (if applicable) 10% on the regional (state) level (among votes for

161-446: Is a system of proportional representation based on preregistered political parties , with each party being allocated a certain number of seats roughly proportional to their share of the vote. In these systems, parties provide lists of candidates to be elected, or candidates may declare their affiliation with a political party (in some open-list systems). Seats are distributed by election authorities to each party, in proportion to

184-411: Is irrelevant, seat apportionment being calculated at national level. List proportional representation may also be combined with other apportionment methods in various mixed systems, using either additional member systems or parallel voting . Below it can be seen how different apportionment methods yield different results when apportioning 100 seats. Here, parties B and A are Webster's method yields

207-483: Is predominantly a citrus-farming region. The Cederberg mountains, much of which are a protected wilderness area , rise from the eastern bank of the river, while along the coast to the west are fishing and holiday villages. The Olifants river continues northwards until, on the edge of the Knersvlakte , it turns west towards the Atlantic. In the lower valley there is a narrow strip of lush agricultural land irrigated by

230-577: The Moon , the Latin term rupes is used for an escarpment. When sedimentary beds are tilted and exposed to the surface, erosion and weathering may occur. Escarpments erode gradually and over geological time . The mélange tendencies of escarpments results in varying contacts between a multitude of rock types. These different rock types weather at different speeds, according to Goldich dissolution series so different stages of deformation can often be seen in

253-427: The 2016 election. The following table shows the results of the election of the ten directly-elected councillors. Escarpment An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that forms as a result of faulting or erosion and separates two relatively level areas having different elevations . The terms scarp and scarp face are often used interchangeably with escarpment . Some sources differentiate

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276-793: The Majority Party Gillon Bosman MMP Leader of the Opposition Khalid Sayed MMP Chief Whip of the Official Opposition Ayanda Bans MMP Municipal: The council of the West Coast District Municipality consists of twenty-five councillors, of whom ten are directly elected by party-list proportional representation . The other fifteen councillors are appointed by

299-597: The allocation formula is important, equally important is the district magnitude (number of seats in a constituency). The higher the district magnitude, the more proportional an electoral system becomes, with the most proportional results being when there is no division into constituencies at all and the entire country is treated as a single constituency. In some countries the electoral system works on two levels: at-large for parties, and in constituencies for candidates, with local party-lists seen as fractions of general, national lists. In this case, magnitude of local constituencies

322-472: The base of the plateau . Scarps are generally formed by one of two processes: either by differential erosion of sedimentary rocks , or by movement of the Earth's crust at a geologic fault . The first process is the more common type: the escarpment is a transition from one series of sedimentary rocks to another series of a different age and composition. Escarpments are also frequently formed by faults. When

345-554: The councils of the five local municipalities in the district: Saldanha Bay appoints five, Swartland appoints four, and Matzikama , Cederberg and Bergrivier appoint two each. After the elections of 3 August 2016 there are sixteen councillors from the Democratic Alliance (DA) and nine from the African National Congress (ANC). The following table shows the composition of the council after

368-701: The east, along the Doring River , so that the mountains are included in the municipal area. The principal rivers in the area are the Berg River , which drains the southern part of the municipality, and the Olifants River , which drains the Cederberg and the northern part of the municipality. The southernmost part of the district, adjacent to Cape Town , is known as the Swartland and is primarily

391-497: The layers where the escarpments have been exposed to the elements. Party-list proportional representation Condorcet methods Positional voting Cardinal voting Quota-remainder methods Approval-based committees Fractional social choice Semi-proportional representation By ballot type Pathological response Strategic voting Paradoxes of majority rule Positive results Party-list proportional representation ( list-PR )

414-941: The north and northeast on the Namakwa District Municipality in the Northern Cape province, to the southeast on the Cape Winelands District Municipality , and to the south on the City of Cape Town . The following statistics are from the 2011 Census . Note that due to fuzzing applied to statistics, columns may not sum to exactly the indicated total. The Hon Alan Winde MMP The Seventh Provincial Parliament Speaker Daylin Mitchell MMP Deputy Speaker Reagan Allen MMP Chief Whip of

437-622: The number of votes the party receives. Voters may cast votes for parties, as in Spain , Turkey , and Israel ( closed lists ); or for candidates whose vote totals are pooled together to parties, as in Finland , Brazil , and the Netherlands ( mixed single vote or panachage ). In most party list systems, a voter will only support one party (a choose-one ballot ). Open list systems may allow voters to support more than one candidate within

460-555: The order in which a party's candidates are elected. Open lists can be anywhere from relatively closed , where a candidate can move up a predetermined list only with a certain number of votes, to completely open, where the order of the list completely depends on the number of votes each individual candidate gets. Many variations on seat allocation within party-list proportional representation exist. Different apportionment methods may favor smaller or larger parties: The apportionment methods can be classified into two categories: While

483-497: The river's water. The Knersvlakte, which is part of the arid Namaqualand region, forms the northernmost part of the district. The largest towns in the district are Vredenburg and Saldanha on the Cape Columbine peninsula, Malmesbury in the Swartland, and Vredendal in the Olifants River Valley. The district is divided into five local municipalities which are described in the following table. The district borders to

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506-496: The same result (though this is not always the case). Otherwise, all other methods give a different number of seats to the parties. Notice how the D'Hondt method breaks the quota rule (shown in red text) and favors the largest party by "rounding" an ideal apportionment of 35.91 up to 37. Adams' method greatly favors smaller parties, giving 2 seats to the smallest party, and would give at least 1 seat to every party receiving at least one vote. The table below lists countries that use

529-439: The two terms, with escarpment referring to the margin between two landforms , and scarp referring to a cliff or a steep slope. In this usage an escarpment is a ridge which has a gentle slope on one side and a steep scarp on the other side. More loosely, the term scarp also describes a zone between a coastal lowland and a continental plateau which shows a marked, abrupt change in elevation caused by coastal erosion at

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